JP2021096569A - Transaction tracking system and transaction tracking program - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a system for tracking a transfer route of products associated with commercial transactions using distributed ledger technology.SOLUTION: A transaction tracking system that tracks product transaction history using a distributed ledger, comprises: generation means 10 for generating transaction data; storage means 20 for storing the transaction data; branch information giving means 30 for giving a data structure including branch information between the plurality of pieces of transaction data; and a database 40 for storing the branch information. The transaction data comprises first transaction data TX1 generated when a commercial transaction starts as a starting point, and second transaction data Tx2 generated in the course of a series of the commercial transactions. The database comprises history reading means for storing the first transaction data in association with the branch information and reading the branch information from the second transaction data by accessing the database.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a transaction tracking system and a transaction tracking program.

In a commercial transaction system that involves transfer by buying or selling a product, a transaction management system that manages where the current product is and where it was produced is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ..
In particular, in the case of groceries, etc., due to changes in packaging such as lot changes, packaging, or processing on the commercial transaction route, comprehensive transaction routes are provided for products after sale or before purchase. It was difficult to guarantee traceability to follow.
On the other hand, a so-called blockchain technology is known as a distributed ledger technology, and a new system has been proposed by applying features such as tamper resistance and existence guarantee of the blockchain technology (for example, Patent Document 2). Etc.).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-169764 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-16024

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a new transaction tracking system for tracking a transfer route of goods associated with a commercial transaction by using a distributed ledger technology.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a transaction tracking system that tracks the transaction history of goods in the commercial transaction by using a distributed ledger including a plurality of transaction data associated with the commercial transaction, and is for generating the transaction data. A data structure including a generation means, a storage means for storing the transaction data, and branch information between a plurality of transaction data stored in the storage means when the generation means generates the transaction data. It has a branch information giving means to be given and a database for storing the branch information, and the transaction data repeats the transfer of the product and the first transaction data generated when the commercial transaction starts as a starting point. The database includes the second transaction data generated in the course of a series of commercial transactions, and stores the first transaction data corresponding to the starting point of the branch information in association with the branch information, and stores the database. A history reading means for reading the branch information from the second transaction data by accessing the second transaction data is provided.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a new transaction tracking system for tracking the transfer route of goods accompanying a commercial transaction by using the distributed ledger technology.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the structure of the transaction tracking system in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which illustrates the structure of the transaction data in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the data structure of Graphson in this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example when a plurality of Graphsons shown in FIG. 3 are shown at the same time. It is a figure which shows an example of the operation of the transaction tracking system in this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the operation of the branch information giving means in this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the display of Graphson in this invention.

As an embodiment of the present invention, an example of the configuration of a transaction tracking system is shown in FIG.
In the present embodiment, the transaction tracking system 100 uses the food product P as a product on the supply chain from the producer W, the trading companies Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 to the retailers O, O'and the consumer R. It is a system that works with.
The middle route of the supply chain is not particularly limited, and the number of producers, trading companies, retailers, consumers, etc. may be plural or singular.
Further, although the food product P is illustrated as an example of a product in which the packaging shape is likely to change, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration.

The transaction tracking system 100 has a transaction generation unit 10 which is a generation means for generating transaction data Tx, and a storage unit 20 which is a storage means for storing each transaction data Tx.
The transaction tracking system 100 also gives branch information giving means 30 that gives a data structure including branch information between a plurality of transaction data Tx stored in the storage unit 20 when the transaction generation unit 10 generates transaction data Tx. And a database 40 for storing branch information.
The transaction tracking system 100 has a branch analysis unit 50 which is a history reading means for reading branch information from transaction data Tx by accessing DB 40.
Each part of these transaction tracking systems 100 is connected to each other via a network 9 so as to be accessible from terminals owned by producers W, trading companies Q1 to Q5, and retailers O and O'.
The producer W, the trading companies Q1 to Q5, the retailers O, and O'may each use the classification by the account ID as an organization, and the account ID, fingerprint, voice print, and face of each terminal in each organization. Personal authentication using authentication or the like may be performed. In this way, by generating the transaction data Tx on the terminal on which the personal authentication is performed as described later, the transaction data Tx generated within the period in which the authentication is performed is specified, so that the transaction. It becomes easy to narrow down the tracking range of data Tx. Further, since the individual responsibility for generating the transaction data Tx is increased, it also contributes to improving the reliability of the generated transaction data Tx.

The transaction generation unit 10 generates transaction data Tx when the food product P is transferred along with a commercial transaction.
The transaction data Tx generated by the transaction generation unit 10 includes the first transaction data Tx1 generated by the input of the producer W and those related to transactions other than the producer W, that is, trading companies Q1 to Q5 and retailer O. , O'and the like, there is a second transaction data Tx2.
In the following description, when there is no particular intention to distinguish between the first transaction data Tx1 and the second transaction data Tx2, the first transaction data Tx1 and the second transaction data Tx2 are collectively referred to as transaction data Tx.

The first transaction data Tx1 is transaction data generated when the commercial transaction is started as a starting point, and as shown in FIG. 2A, a shipping destination indicating to whom the food product P was shipped. The information OUT and the time stamp indicating the date when the producer W shipped the food product P are included. Here, for the sake of simplification of the explanation, the transaction generation unit 10 generates the first transaction data Tx1 based on the instruction (or input) from the producer W, but the first transaction data Tx1 is the starting point of the commercial transaction. It is sufficient that the data indicates that the data is not only the instruction of the producer W but also the instruction from some starting point.

When the first transaction data Tx1 is generated as a data structure such as JSON based on the instruction from the producer W, the transaction generation unit 10 signs the JSON with the electronic signature of the producer W and the transaction ID (TxID). ) Is generated.
In the present embodiment, such a transaction ID is expressed in the form of JWT (JSON Web Token) generated based on the first transaction data Tx1, and is a hash corresponding to each transaction data on a one-to-one basis.
That is, the transaction ID can be accessed with the first transaction data Tx1 by opening it with the public key corresponding to the electronic signature of the producer W.

The second transaction data Tx2 is transaction data Tx generated in the process of a series of commercial transactions in which the transfer of the food product P is repeated, and as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the source of the food product P is received. The arrival source information IN, the shipping destination information OUT indicating to whom the food product P was shipped, and the "subject" (here, the trading company Q1) that conducts the commercial transaction feeds to the trading company Q2, which is the shipping destination. It includes a time stamp indicating when the product P is shipped.
Similar to the first transaction data Tx1, when the second transaction data Tx2 is generated as a data structure such as JSON by the trading company Q1, the transaction generation unit 10 signs the JSON with the electronic signature of the trading company Q1 and the transaction ID. (TxID) is generated.
Such a transaction ID is expressed in the form of JWT (JSON Web Token) generated based on the second transaction data Tx2 like the transaction ID in the first transaction data Tx1, and has a hash corresponding to each transaction data on a one-to-one basis. Is.
That is, the transaction ID can be accessed with the second transaction data Tx2 by opening it with the public key corresponding to the electronic signature of the trading company Q1.

As described above, the first transaction data Tx1 and the second transaction data Tx2 may have the same data structure except that the presence / absence of the arrival source information IN is different. Further, the information included in the data structure may include various information such as lot number, arrival format, quantity, etc. in addition to the time stamp, and they may be different in each other's transaction data. However, in the present embodiment, for the sake of simplification of the explanation, such individual and specific data structures will not be mentioned.
Further, in the present embodiment, by storing the transaction ID generated by the transaction generation unit 10 on the blockchain, the transaction ID is described based on the instructions of the producer W, the trading companies Q1 to Q5, and the retailers O and O'. The transaction data Tx as a form and the corresponding transaction ID are held in the storage unit 20 on the network 9 while having tamper resistance.

As described above, the transaction data Tx in the present embodiment is generated in the course of a series of commercial transactions in which "the first transaction data Tx1 generated when the commercial transaction starts as a starting point" and "the transfer of the food product P is repeated". The second transaction data Tx2 ”is included.

The storage unit 20 is a distributed file storage provided on the network 9 by a large number of terminals.
As an example, the storage unit 20 stores the transaction data Tx corresponding to each transaction ID in a place including the transaction ID formed in each of the first transaction data Tx1 and the second transaction data Tx2 as a part of the URL address. save.

The storage unit 20 may be a distributed file storage using IPFS (InterPlanetary File System). Alternatively, it may be peer-to-peer distributed storage that stores the transaction ID so as to be included as a part of the content address.
When the storage unit 20 is a peer-to-peer distributed storage, the storage unit 20 stores the transaction data Tx on any terminal configured as a plurality of nodes, and uses the hash value of the transaction data Tx. The content address calculated based on a certain transaction ID is used as a URI, and there is an inquiry means for accessing based on the URI.
When the IPFS method is used for the storage unit 20, instead of accessing a specific URL address, a transaction ID is used to make an inquiry to each node, so that the transaction data Tx corresponding to the transaction ID can be obtained. The configuration may be such that such transaction data Tx is transmitted when it is found.

Each time the transaction data Tx is generated by the transaction generation unit 10, the branch information giving means 30 expresses the branch information between the plurality of transaction data Tx generated so far in a format such as Graphson or Graph ML. .. In particular, in the present embodiment, it is generated as a data structure called GraphSON G.
As shown in FIG. 3, the Graphson G connects the first transaction data Tx1 and the second transaction data Tx2, and sets the arrival source information IN and the shipping destination information OUT in each transaction data Tx as vertex information (inV, As outV), it is a series of data structures generated by assigning unique Graphson identification ID 31 to each of the information of the food product P as attribute information (transactions).
In particular, only the generation of Graphson G in the commercial transaction between the producer W and the trading company Q1 in FIG. 1 has been described. For example, such Graphson G is each of the transaction data Tx each time the transaction data Tx is generated. Is reconstructed as Graphson G having the vertex information.
Therefore, for example, when the food product P is distributed via the route A as shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4, a plurality of transaction data Tx having the arrival source information IN and the shipping destination information OUT as vertex information. A series of groups of Grafson G will be generated.
With such a configuration, it can be said that the Graphson G has branch information of each transaction data Tx.

In this embodiment, the branch information is treated as Graphson G, but other transactions may be visualized. For example, a UTXO type blockchain may be used.

The database 40 is a database formed on a server on the network 9, and has a transaction ID of transaction data Tx stored in the storage unit 20 (actual operation is a transaction ID corresponding to the first transaction data Tx1). As the primary key 41, it is a database that stores the Graphson identification IDs 31 of a plurality of Graphson Gs derived from the first transaction data Tx1 corresponding to the primary key 41 as values.
That is, the database 40 "stores the first transaction data corresponding to the starting point of the branch information and the branch information in association with each other".

The branch analysis unit 50 is program or application software on the network 9 or a terminal connected to the network 9 to read the records stored in the database 40, and by accessing the database 40, the Graphson identification ID 31 Grafson G can be read from.
The branch analysis unit 50 may have access rights to each of the trading companies Q1 to Q5 and can access only the associated Graphson identification ID 31, or any terminals on the network 9 can freely view each other. It is good if you can.

The associated Grafson identification ID 31 is, for example, when the Grafson G is accessed from the trading company Q1, the series of flows shown by the route A shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4 and the series shown by the route B shown by the alternate long and short dash line. Since both of them include trading company Q1, you can see both of them, but when you access from trading company Q3, you can see route A, but you cannot see route B. Pointing to.
Here, "access" includes reading the information described in the URL address or the like on the network 9.

A mechanism for following the flow of commercial transactions using the transaction tracking system 100 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

First, the transaction generation unit 10 generates the first transaction data Tx1 when the producer W starts such a commercial transaction (step S101).
Such step S101 is a generation step of generating transaction data when a commercial transaction starts as a starting point.
As described above, the first transaction data Tx1 generated at this time is transaction data having only the shipping destination information OUT and serving as a starting point in the entire commercial transaction of the route A or the route B.

Next, the storage unit 20 stores the first transaction data Tx1 generated in the generation step. Specifically, for the content of the first transaction data Tx1, the content address is returned as a hash value obtained by hashing the first transaction data Tx1, and the address includes the content address (that is, the above-mentioned transaction ID) as a URL. The first transaction data Tx1 is stored (step S102).
Such step S102 is a storage step for storing each transaction data Tx.

Similar to step S101, the transaction generation unit 10 generates second transaction data Tx2 based on the forms input by trading companies Q1 to Q5 and the like when the food product P is transferred by commercial transaction (step S103).
Next, the storage unit 20 stores the second transaction data Tx2 generated in the generation step. Specifically, for the content of the second transaction data Tx2, the content address is returned as a hash value obtained by hashing the second transaction data Tx2, and the address includes the content address (that is, the above-mentioned transaction ID) as a URL. The second transaction data Tx2 is stored (step S104).
When the transaction generation unit 10 generates new transaction data Tx based on instructions from participants of the transaction tracking system 100 such as producer W, trading companies Q1 to Q5, retailers O, and O', the transaction generation unit 10 generates new transaction data Tx. , Steps S101 to S104 are repeated for each transaction data Tx.

When the transaction generation unit 10 generates new transaction data Tx, the branch information giving means 30 generates Graphson G including a time stamp as a data structure including branch information between transaction data Tx (step S105).
The branch information giving means 30 digitally signs the Graphson G and stores the URI including the Graphson identification ID 31 in the storage unit 20 as a content address (step S106).
The branch information giving means 30 repeats steps S105 and S106 every time the transaction generation unit 10 generates transaction data Tx (step S107).
That is, the branch information giving means 30 stores the Graphson G having each transaction data Tx as the apex in the storage unit 20 for all the transaction data Tx of the transaction tracking system 100.
Since the Graphson G includes branch information between transaction data Tx and has each time stamp in the present embodiment, the transaction is between which arrival source information IN and which shipping destination information OUT. It will be possible to see if the transaction was made in, and at some point at that time, whether the transaction was actually taking place and has not been tampered with.

The database 40 stores the transaction ID of the first transaction data Tx1 as the primary key 41, and each graphson identification ID 31 branched from the first transaction data Tx1 as a record (step S107).
In this way, by using the first transaction data Tx1 generated based on the input of the producer W as the primary key 41, it is associated with the Graphson identification ID 31 stored as a record. Therefore, the branching information represented by Graphson G in the database 40 indicates the progress of commercial transactions from the producer W to the consumer R in the food product P.
Such step S107 is an information storage step in which Graphson G and transaction data Tx are associated and stored in the database 40. By using the database 40 in this way, the Graphson G stored in the storage unit 20 can be easily searched from the Graphson identification ID 31 stored in the database 40, which contributes to the improvement of the time responsiveness.

The transaction tracking system 100 is a management system that continuously performs these steps S101 to S107 at any time.
By the way, when the food item P arrives at the consumer R in the transaction tracking system 100, all the commercial transactions performed between the trading companies Q1 to Q5 and the retailers O and O'are stored as transaction data Tx. It is stored in the storage unit 20, and the branch information of the commercial transaction between the transaction data Tx is stored in the storage unit 20 as the Graphson G.
Further, the database 40 stores a record in which the first transaction data Tx1 at the time when the producer W produces the food product P is used as the primary key 41 and the Grafson identification ID 31 connected to the primary key 41 is used as the value.

Using the database 40 in which the Grafson identification ID 31 of Grafson G and the first transaction data Tx1 are associated with each other in this way, a mechanism for visualizing what kind of route the food product P has taken to reach the consumer R. Will be described with reference to FIG.

Since such a transaction tracking system 100 is particularly effective as a recall countermeasure especially when some defect is found in the distribution channel of commercial transactions, a notification from the retailer O is particularly effective in this embodiment. The recall countermeasures in case of such a case will be explained, but the configuration is not limited to this, and the route may be simply visualized, and the application is not limited.

The branch analysis unit 50 receives a notification from the retailer O that there is a defect in the specific lot number “A003” of the food product P, and the storage unit 20 and the database formed by steps S101 to S107 in FIG. Access to 40 (step S110).
The branch analysis unit 50 searches the storage unit 20 for the unique lot number “A003” described in the forms of the retailer O (step S111). The transaction data Tx that can be searched by the branch analysis unit 50 can be limited depending on whether the search is, for example, a connection from the retailer O or a connection from the retailer O'. In addition, some commercial transaction other than the lot number may be searched using identifiable information.
When the transaction data Tx including the specific lot number "A003" is clarified from the storage unit 20 by step S111, since the transaction ID is included in the address of the transaction data Tx, the corresponding transaction ID "0xxx06" Becomes clear (step S112).
Next, the branch analysis unit 50 searches each record of the Graphson identification ID 31 stored in the database 40 for the second transaction data Tx2 including the transaction ID "0xxx06" as the shipping destination information OUT, and searches for the second transaction data Tx2 of the arrival source information IN. The transaction ID "0xxx05" becomes clear (step S113).
Since the first transaction data Tx1 is always included as the primary key 41 at the beginning of the record of the database 40, the steps S112 and S113 are repeated until the first transaction data Tx1 having no arrival source information IN. As a result, all the Graphson Gs representing the distributed routes A of the lot number "A003" are clarified, and FIG. 7 in which each vertex of the Graphson G is composed of the transaction IDs "0xxx01" to "0xxx06" can be obtained. (Step S114).

Such step S114 is a history reading step of reading branch information from the second transaction data Tx2 by accessing the database 40.

That is, the transaction tracking system 100 operates as a transaction tracking program that tracks the transaction history of the food product P in the commercial transaction by using the distributed ledger including a plurality of transaction data Tx associated with the commercial transaction.
Further, the transaction data Tx includes the first transaction data Tx1 generated when the commercial transaction starts as a starting point and the second transaction data Tx2 generated in the course of a series of commercial transactions in which the transfer of the food product P is repeated. Includes.
The transaction tracking system 100 includes generation steps S101 and S103 for generating transaction data Tx, storage steps S102 and S104 for storing the transaction data Tx, and data including branch information between a plurality of transaction data Tx. Branch information addition step S105 for assigning a structure, information storage step S106 for associating branch information and transaction data Tx and storing them in the database 40, and a history of reading branch information from the second transaction data Tx2 by accessing the database 40. It includes a reading step S114.

With such a configuration, it is possible to provide a new transaction tracking system for tracking the transfer route of goods accompanying a commercial transaction by using the distributed ledger technology.

Further, in the present embodiment, the storage unit 20 may use the IPFS method of storing the transaction ID, which is a hash generated from the transaction data Tx, so as to be included as a part of the address. Further, the storage unit 20 may be a peer-to-peer distributed storage that stores the hash generated from the transaction data Tx so as to be included as a part of the content address.
With such a configuration, since the transactions confirmed at the time of each commercial transaction are stored in the storage unit 20, it becomes difficult to falsify and the transaction history data is less likely to be lost.

Further, in the present embodiment, the first transaction data Tx1 includes a time stamp described by the producer W of the food product P, and is associated and stored on the blockchain by the electronic signature of the producer W. With such a configuration, the existence of the product is proved on the blockchain together with the identity verification of the producer W, so that the traceability of the product can be further strengthened.

The second transaction data Tx2 is generated by the subject of the commercial transaction, and when the food P is transferred to the arrival source information IN which is the arrival data of the corresponding food P when the product is transferred to the subject. It is stored including the shipping destination information OUT, which is the shipping data of the corresponding food product P.
With this configuration, when a commercial transaction is carried out for the food product P, Grafson G is generated with the arrival source and the shipping destination that are distributed at the top, so the transfer route of the product associated with the commercial transaction can be determined using the distributed ledger technology. A new transaction tracking system for tracking can be provided.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to such a specific embodiment, and unless otherwise specified in the above description, the present invention described in the claims. Various modifications and changes are possible within the scope of the above.

For example, in the present embodiment, only the distribution of products such as foodstuffs has been described, but the present embodiment is not limited to such a configuration.

The effects described in the embodiments of the present invention merely list the most preferable effects arising from the present invention, and the effects according to the present invention are limited to those described in the embodiments of the present invention. is not it.

10 Generation means (transaction generation unit)
20 Memory means (memory unit)
30 Branch information giving means 40 Database 41 Primary key 100 Transaction tracking system Tx Transaction data Tx1 First transaction data Tx2 Second transaction data O, O'Main body (retailer)
P product (food)
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 main body (trading company)
R subject (consumer)
W Producer (subject)

Claims (5)

A transaction tracking system that tracks the transaction history of goods in the commercial transaction using a distributed ledger that includes a plurality of transaction data associated with the commercial transaction.
A generation means for generating the transaction data and
A storage means for storing each transaction data and
When the generation means generates the transaction data, a branch information giving means that gives a data structure including branch information between a plurality of transaction data stored in the storage means, and a branch information giving means.
A database that stores the branch information and
Have,
The transaction data includes first transaction data generated when the commercial transaction starts as a starting point, and second transaction data generated in the course of a series of commercial transactions in which the transfer of the goods is repeated.
The database stores the first transaction data corresponding to the starting point of the branch information and the branch information in association with each other.
A transaction tracking system including a history reading means for reading branch information from the second transaction data by accessing the database. The transaction tracking system according to claim 1.
The storage means is a transaction tracking system characterized by being a peer-to-peer distributed storage that stores a hash generated from the transaction data so as to be included as a part of a content address. The transaction tracking system according to claim 1 or 2.
The first transaction data includes a time stamp described by the producer of the product, and is stored in association with the distributed ledger by the electronic signature of the producer. The transaction tracking system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
The second transaction data is generated by the subject of the commercial transaction, and the arrival data of the product corresponding to the transfer of the product to the subject and the shipment of the product corresponding to the transfer of the product. A transaction tracking system characterized by containing and storing data. A transaction tracking program that tracks the transaction history of goods in the commercial transaction using a distributed ledger that includes a plurality of transaction data associated with the commercial transaction.
The transaction data includes first transaction data generated when the commercial transaction starts as a starting point, and second transaction data generated in the course of a series of commercial transactions in which the transfer of the goods is repeated.
The generation step for generating the transaction data and
A storage step for storing each of the transaction data, and
A branch information assignment step that assigns a data structure containing branch information between multiple transaction data, and
An information storage step that associates the branch information with the transaction data and stores it in a database, and
A transaction tracking program comprising: a history reading step of reading the branch information from the second transaction data by accessing the database.

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