JP2021085626A - heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a heat pump using phase change type vibration flow, which can extract heat energy even when an operating temperature is low.SOLUTION: A heat pump 100 that uses phase change type vibration flow, comprises: at least one or more first heat storage units 10 for a prime mover that generate and amplify the phase change type vibration flow by supplying heat energy; at least one or more first liquid supply units 40 for a prime mover that supply liquid to the first heat storage unit; and at least one or more second heat storage units 50 for a prime mover that generate a heat pump effect by inputting the vibration flow of working gas that is supplied with liquid and generated and amplified by the first heat storage unit in a wet state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

The present invention relates to a heat pump utilizing a phase change type oscillating flow.

Technology for reusing waste heat from factories and cars is being researched. It is conceivable to use an external combustion engine to regenerate waste heat. As the external combustion engine, for example, a steam turbine using the Rankine cycle and a Stirling engine using the Stirling cycle are known. These external combustion engines are configured to draw power from a heat source.

As another external combustion engine, a thermoacoustic engine equipped with a heat storage device that converts oscillating flow (sound wave) and heat into energy is known. Here, a thermoacoustic engine will be described as an example of a vibration flow type external combustion engine. A thermoacoustic engine can utilize thermal energy without having moving parts because the compression and expansion of the oscillating flow (sound wave) plays the role of a piston. The structure of a thermoacoustic engine consists of a porous body (heat storage device) having a single to innumerable narrow flow paths, a heat exchanger having a pair of heat absorption and heat dissipation parts that absorb and dissipate heat from the outside, and an upstream of the heat exchanger. It is provided with a conduit through which the working gas is connected to the side and the downstream side. When a predetermined temperature gradient (temperature difference) exceeding the critical condition is given to this heat storage device along the flow path axial direction, an oscillating flow (sound wave) is generated and amplified.

In a thermoacoustic engine, heat and work energy are converted inside a heat storage device, and work can be extracted as sound waves (sound power) from the heat energy. In particular, when a traveling wave thermoacoustic engine using a traveling wave sound wave is used, the thermodynamic cycle undergoes energy conversion similar to the Stirling cycle, so that the thermal efficiency may be improved. Therefore, the traveling wave type thermoacoustic engine is attracting attention as a heat engine capable of regenerating waste heat without moving parts.

As a method of extracting the work generated by the thermoacoustic engine as an output, it is conceivable to generate electricity using a generator such as a linear motor and convert the input sound wave into electrical energy. Non-Patent Document 1 describes a thermoacoustic generator that "generates electricity" using a thermoacoustic engine.

As another method, if the fluid in the heat storage is forcibly vibrated by sound wave input or the like, a temperature difference is generated at both ends of the heat storage along the streamline direction due to the heat pump effect. Can be taken out. As described above, the heat storage device has a heat pump effect using an oscillating flow (sound wave) as an energy source, and can be used for "cooling" and "heating". For example, Non-Patent Document 2 describes a thermoacoustic cooler that "cools" by a vibration flow (sound wave) generated and amplified by a thermoacoustic engine.

These thermoacoustic coolers and thermoacoustic generators are called thermoacoustic devices. Since the thermoacoustic engine used as the "motor" of the thermoacoustic device is an external combustion engine, research and development is currently underway as a waste heat regeneration device. Hereinafter, the one composed of a room temperature heat exchanger, a heat storage device, and a high temperature heat exchanger will be referred to as a "motor", and the one composed of a room temperature heat exchanger, a heat storage device, and a low temperature heat exchanger will be referred to as a "cooler". In order to extend the available temperature range of waste heat, it is desirable that the thermoacoustic device be operated at a temperature having a small temperature difference from room temperature.

There is known a method of multi-stage prime movers in order to operate a thermoacoustic engine with a low temperature difference. Biwa et al. Investigated the critical temperature difference when the number of prime movers was changed from 1 to 5, and reported that the critical temperature difference was the lowest when the number of prime movers was changed (Non-Patent Document 3). Hasegawa et al. Developed a thermoacoustic cooler that operates on three prime movers, and reported that the cooler temperature was -107.4 ° C. when each prime mover temperature was 270 ° C. (Non-Patent Document 4).

On the other hand, as an approach to the operation of a thermoacoustic engine at a low temperature difference, a thermoacoustic engine has been proposed that utilizes the evaporation and condensation (phase change phenomenon) of a liquid by using a wet heat storage device. Raspet et al. Extend the governing equation that can describe thermoacoustic phenomena so that it covers wet heat storage devices (Non-Patent Document 5). From this calculation result, it was reported that the critical temperature difference of the thermoacoustic engine when using a wet heat storage device is lower than that when using a dry heat storage device, and then it was experimentally verified by the research group of Ueda et al. (Non-Patent Document 6). So far, a thermoacoustic engine using a wet heat storage device and a thermoacoustic cooler having a liquid column inside the device (Non-Patent Document 7) have been constructed.

S. Backhaus, E. Tward, M. Petach, “Traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric generator”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, (2004) 1085-1087 T. Yazaki, T. Biwa, A. Tominaga, “A pistonless Stirling cooler”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (2002) 157-159 T. Biwa, D. Hasegawa, T. Yazaki, “Low temperature differential thermoacoustic Stirling engine”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 (2010) 034102. E. M. Sharify, S. Hasegawa, “Traveling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator driven by a multistage traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine”, Appl. Therm. Eng., 113 (2017), pp.791-795 R. Raspet, W. V. Slaton, C. J. Hickey and R. A. Hiller, “Theory of inert gas-condensing vapor thermoacoustics: Propagation equation,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112 (4), (2002) pp. 1414-1422 K. Tsuda and Y. Ueda, “Critical temperature of traveling- and standing-wave thermoacoustic engines using a wet regenerator”, Appl. Energy 196 (2017), pp. 62-67. S. Langdo-Arms, M. Gshwendtner, M. Neumaier, “A novel solar-powered liquid piston Stirling refrigerator”, Appl. Energy 229 (2018), pp. 603-613. Unused Thermal Energy Innovative Technology Research Association Technology Development Center, “Survey Report on Exhaust Heat in the Industrial Field”, March 2019 Gedeon D. “DC gas flows in Stirling and pulse-tube cryocoolers” Cryocoolers 9 (1997), pp. 385-392

The thermoacoustic device described above is being researched and developed as a waste heat regeneration device, but most of the current prime movers operate in a heat input temperature range of 200 ° C. or higher. On the other hand, according to a NEDO survey, it has been reported that the temperature range of unused exhaust gas is often 200 ° C or lower, and the need for unused waste heat is often 200 ° C or lower (Non-Patent Document 8). Therefore, the operation of the prime mover in a lower temperature range is required.

To lower the operating temperature of the prime mover, it is necessary to increase the size of the device, pressurize the working gas, and install multiple prime movers in the device. Both methods have a problem that the manufacturing cost increases due to the increase in the size of parts, the pressure resistance design, the increase in the number of parts, and the like. In addition, there is a problem that it is not easy to make a prototype of a device in which a working gas is pressurized at the time of development as compared with an atmospheric pressure experiment.

In heat pumps such as thermoacoustic coolers and thermoacoustic generators, the acoustic power amplification factor that depends on the temperature difference given to the prime mover contributes to the performance. Therefore, in a thermoacoustic cooler, it is necessary to increase the temperature difference between the prime movers so that the cooler operates at a lower temperature, or to increase the number of prime movers in the apparatus. In a thermoacoustic generator, it is also necessary to increase the number of prime movers in the apparatus when it is desired to increase the amount of power generation. Increasing the temperature difference of the prime mover has the problem of reducing the temperature range of available waste heat. Further, when the number of prime movers is increased, there is a problem that the equipment becomes complicated and the equipment cost increases.

Other issues with thermoacoustic devices include the following. A heat exchanger is used for the prime mover and the cooler of the thermoacoustic device for heat absorption and heat dissipation from the outside. The size of the heat exchanger is often small in general with respect to the entire device. Therefore, when considering the actual regeneration of waste heat, the input destination of waste heat and the output outlet of the cooler are limited.

On the other hand, in recent years, in order to lower the operating temperature of a thermoacoustic engine, a thermoacoustic engine using a wet heat storage device that utilizes evaporation and condensation (phase change phenomenon) of a liquid has been developed. It has been confirmed that the operating temperature of a thermoacoustic engine using a wet heat storage device is lower than that of a conventional thermoacoustic engine by utilizing evaporation and condensation (phase change phenomenon) of a liquid. However, when a wet heat storage device is used, there is a problem that the heat storage device dries when the operation is continued. A stable liquid supply method has not yet been established so that the heat storage can be kept wet during operation.

A thermoacoustic engine that operates by utilizing the phase change phenomenon that occurs with a wet heat storage device has been demonstrated. Further, a thermoacoustic cooler is constructed in which the inside of the device is filled with a liquid and has an air column portion and a liquid column portion. However, the prime mover of this thermoacoustic cooler uses a dry heat storage device and does not use the phase change phenomenon of evaporation and condensation.

So far, for the sake of clarity, the thermoacoustic engine has been illustrated to explain the problems of the energy conversion device using a wet heat storage device that utilizes liquid evaporation and condensation (phase change phenomenon), but it is limited to the thermoacoustic engine. However, in the energy conversion device using the oscillating flow, there is a problem similar to the above-mentioned contents.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump using a phase change type oscillating flow capable of operating even at a low operating temperature.

One aspect of the present invention is a heat pump utilizing a phase change type vibration flow, which comprises at least one first heat storage device for a prime mover that generates and amplifies the phase change type vibration flow by supplying heat energy. Vibration of at least one or more prime mover first liquid supply unit that supplies liquid to the first heat storage device and working gas that is generated and amplified by the first heat storage device that is supplied with the liquid and is in a wet state. A heat pump comprising at least one operating second heat storage device to which a flow is input to generate a heat pump effect.

According to the present invention, the operating temperature of the first heat storage device is lowered by moistening the first heat storage device for driving using the vibration flow with the liquid supplied from the first liquid supply unit, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the heat source. Even if the temperature is low, the first heat storage device can be operated, and the desired heat energy can be extracted from the second heat storage device that generates the heat pump effect by using the vibration flow.

In the present invention, the first liquid supply unit may be formed so as to store the liquid in a liquid column in a conduit in which the working gas travels.

According to the present invention, the liquid can be supplied to the first heat storage device from the first liquid supply unit in which the liquid is stored.

In the present invention, the first liquid supply unit may be formed so that the stored liquid is immersed in the first heat storage device.

According to the present invention, since the first heat storage device is immersed in the liquid stored in the first liquid supply unit, the first heat storage device can be stably kept in a wet state.

The present invention may also be configured such that the first liquid supply unit includes a first supply member that sucks up the liquid from the stored liquid and supplies the liquid to the first heat storage device.

According to the present invention, since the first supply member sucks the liquid from the stored liquid and supplies the liquid to the first heat storage device, the first heat storage device can be stably kept in a wet state.

In the present invention, the first liquid supply unit is formed so that heat from a heat source is supplied to the liquid stored in a liquid column in a conduit in which the working gas travels to heat the first heat storage device. It may have been done.

According to the present invention, as compared with the case where heat is input to the first regenerator by a heat exchanger, the heat of the first regenerator is heated by heating the portion stored in the liquid column in the first liquid supply unit. The energy input range can be expanded, and the heat exchanger for heating can be omitted to simplify the device configuration.

The present invention may also include a second liquid supply unit for operation that supplies a liquid to the second heat storage device to bring it into a wet state.

According to the present invention, since the second liquid supply unit sucks the liquid from the stored liquid and supplies the liquid to the second heat storage device, the second heat storage device can be kept in a stable and wet state.

In the present invention, the second liquid supply unit may be formed so as to store the liquid in a liquid column in a conduit in which the working gas travels.

According to the present invention, the liquid can be supplied to the second heat storage device from the second liquid supply unit in which the liquid is stored.

In the present invention, the second liquid supply unit may be formed so that the stored liquid is immersed in the second heat storage device.

According to the present invention, since the second heat storage device is immersed in the liquid stored in the second liquid supply unit, the second heat storage device can be stably kept in a wet state.

The present invention may also be configured such that the second liquid supply unit includes a second supply member that sucks the liquid from the stored liquid and supplies the liquid to the second heat storage device.

According to the present invention, since the second supply member sucks the liquid from the stored liquid and supplies the liquid to the second heat storage device, the second heat storage device can be kept in a stable and wet state.

In the present invention, the second liquid supply unit may be formed so as to take out heat generated from the second heat storage device from the liquid stored in a liquid column in a conduit in which the working gas travels. ..

According to the present invention, as compared with the case where heat is output to the second regenerator by the heat exchanger, the second regenerator can be subjected to heat exchange by exchanging heat from the portion stored in the liquid column in the second liquid supply unit. The output range of thermal energy can be expanded, and the heat exchanger for output can be omitted to simplify the device configuration.

The present invention also includes at least one or more of the first heat storage devices, at least one or more liquid supply units connected to the first heat storage device, and at least one or more of the second heat storage devices. It may be configured to include a liquid reservoir portion in which at least one or more of the liquids connected between the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device are stored in a liquid column.

According to the present invention, it is possible to generate and amplify sound power by a plurality of first heat storage devices and increase the thermal energy output from one or more second heat storage devices.

The present invention also includes a continuum including the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device connected to the first heat storage device, and the two continuums may be connected in a loop. ..

According to the present invention, sound power can be generated and amplified by two first heat storage devices, and thermal energy can be output from each of the two second heat storage devices.

The present invention also relates to a continuum including three continuously connected first heat storage devices, even if the one second heat storage device connected to the continuum is connected in a loop. Good.

According to the present invention, sound power can be generated and amplified by three first heat storage devices, and the thermal energy output from one second heat storage device can be increased.

In the present invention, the oscillating flow may be a oscillating flow generated and amplified by a thermoacoustic phenomenon.

According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a heat pump using a phase change type oscillating flow that can extract heat energy even if the operating temperature is low.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the thermoacoustic device for a prime mover which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other structure of the thermoacoustic device for a prime mover. It is a figure which shows the structure of the thermoacoustic device for operation. It is a figure which shows the other structure of the thermoacoustic device for operation. It is a figure which shows the structure of the heat pump of a high temperature heat source. It is a figure which shows the structure of the heat pump of a low temperature heat source. It is a figure which shows the other structure of a heat pump. It is a figure which shows the other structure of a heat pump. It is a figure which shows the other structure of a heat pump. It is a figure which shows the other structure of a heat pump. It is a figure which shows the structure of the heat pump used in the calculation example. It is a figure which shows the parameter used in the calculation example. It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the performance of a heat pump.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the heat pump according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Further, the above thermoacoustic device will be illustrated and described as an example of a heat pump using a phase change type oscillating flow. A heat pump is a device that performs heat conversion used in a cooler / heater that extracts work from an acoustic load by utilizing a thermoacoustic phenomenon caused by a wet heat storage device. First, a thermoacoustic device for a prime mover applied to a heat pump will be described. The thermoacoustic device for the prime mover generates and amplifies the oscillating flow by supplying thermal energy.

As shown in FIG. 1, the driving thermoacoustic device 1 includes a pipeline P in which a working gas is sealed, a heat storage device 10 (first heat storage device) provided in the pipeline P, and a heat storage device. A first heat exchanger 20 provided at one end 10A of the vessel 10, a second heat exchanger 30 provided at the other end 10B of the heat storage device 10, and a liquid supply unit 40 that supplies liquid to the heat storage device 10. (First liquid supply unit).

The conduit P is, for example, a waveguide formed in a circular tubular shape. The pipeline P is formed so that the oscillating flow propagates in the axial direction of the conduit. The shape of the pipeline may be tubular, for example, square or triangular. In the thermoacoustic device 1, the conduit P is formed in a U shape, for example. The pipeline P has two straight portions P1 and a curved portion P2 connecting the two straight portions P1. A heat storage device 10 is provided on the straight line portion P1. A liquid is stored in a state of a liquid column inside the lower portion of the pair of straight portions P1 and the inside of the curved portion P2, and a liquid supply portion 40 is formed. The vertical and horizontal lengths of the liquid supply unit 40 are arbitrarily set according to the heat energy input method.

The working gas sealed in the pipeline P is a gas capable of transmitting a vibration flow such as nitrogen, helium, argon, an inert gas composed of a mixed gas of helium and argon, and air. The working gas is not limited to these gases as long as it can transmit an oscillating flow, and other gases may be used.

Further, the entire inside of the conduit P may be filled with a liquid, and the working gas may be sealed only in the first heat exchanger, the heat storage device, and the second heat exchanger. The ratio of gas to liquid in the device is not limited, and all may be filled with liquid.

The heat storage device 10 generates and amplifies an oscillating flow when a temperature difference occurs between one end 10A on the upstream side and the other end 10B on the downstream side along the streamline direction of the working gas. A first heat exchanger 20 is provided at one end 10A of the heat storage device 10. A second heat exchanger 30 is provided at the other end 10B of the heat storage device 10.

The heat storage device 10 uses the first heat exchanger 20 and the second heat exchanger 30 to generate a temperature gradient at both ends along the axial direction of the pipeline P. The heat storage device 10 generates and amplifies an oscillating flow when a temperature gradient (temperature difference) is formed between both ends along the axial direction of the pipeline P.

In the heat storage device 10, for example, a single to a plurality of small-diameter flow paths 12 are formed. The flow paths 12 are provided in the heat storage device 10 from one to innumerable so as to open along the streamline direction of the working gas. In the heat storage device 10, for example, a large number of flow paths 12 are formed by a honeycomb structure made of ceramics or a structure in which a large number of stainless steel mesh thin plates are laminated. Any material such as a glass pipe that can form a fine flow path and allow the oscillating flow to pass through is not limited to these. In addition to the shape of the flow path 12 formed of foamed metal, steel wool, etc., the flow path 12 can be filled with metal powder, a film having irregularities can be rolled, and different flow path diameters (flow path widths), flow path shapes, and thicknesses can be obtained. It may be formed by combining thin plates and the like.

The flow path 12 is formed in, for example, a circular tube shape, a parallel flat plate shape, a polygonal shape, or a pin array shape. The flow path may be randomly formed by combining thin plates having different flow path diameters (flow path widths), flow path shapes, and thicknesses, and different flow path diameters (flow path widths), flow path shapes, and thicknesses may be used. The pattern formed by a predetermined combination of thin plates and the like may be repeatedly formed. Thermal energy from a heat source is input to generate a temperature gradient in the heat storage device 10.

The heat source supplies heat energy having a temperature difference with respect to room temperature as the ambient temperature. Here, the room temperature is a temperature that can be stably obtained by the surrounding environment such as air, seawater, river water, lake water, and geothermal heat. The room temperature may be a temperature generated from another heat source capable of stably supplying heat energy so as to cause a temperature difference with the heat source in addition to the ambient temperature. The heat source utilizes, for example, thermal energy that is wasted as waste heat. The heat source may be one that gives high temperature heat energy with respect to normal temperature, or may give low temperature heat energy with respect to normal temperature. The heat energy is input to either the first heat exchanger 20 or the second heat exchanger 30.

The first heat exchanger 20 is formed so as to perform heat exchange via a heat medium at one end 10A of the heat storage device 10. The first heat exchanger 20 may exchange heat with one end 10A of the heat storage device 10 via a heat medium having a temperature difference with respect to room temperature, or may exchange heat via a heat medium at room temperature. It may be a thing.

The second heat exchanger 30 is formed so as to perform heat exchange at the other end 10B of the heat storage device 10. The second heat exchanger 30 may exchange heat with the other end 10B of the heat storage device 10 via a heat medium having a temperature difference with respect to room temperature, or may exchange heat via a heat medium at room temperature. It may be something to do.

The liquid supply unit 40 is formed so as to supply a liquid to the heat storage device 10 and constantly bring the heat storage device 10 into a wet state. As described above, when the heat storage device 10 is wet, the operating temperature becomes lower than the operating temperature of the conventional thermoacoustic engine due to the evaporation and condensation (phase change phenomenon) of the liquid. As the liquid, water may be used in consideration of ease of handling and availability.

However, the type of liquid is not limited to water, and in addition to water, a liquid having a boiling point lower than that of water such as ethanol and R134a may be used. This makes it possible to utilize the phase change phenomenon in a temperature range lower than the boiling point of water. Further, for the purpose of increasing the output of the thermoacoustic device 1, the boiling point may rise above the heat source temperature when the average pressure in the conduit P is pressurized. Therefore, by using a liquid having a boiling point lower than that of water, it is possible to utilize the phase change phenomenon in a temperature range lower than the heat source temperature. In addition to ethanol and the refrigerant (R134a), other liquids may be used as long as a phase change phenomenon that causes evaporation and condensation occurs in the heat storage device 10. In addition, as the liquid, a liquid having a freezing point lower than that of water may be used so as to input low-temperature heat energy.

The liquid supply unit 40 may be formed of, for example, the pipeline P itself, or may be formed by processing a part of the pipeline P. In addition, the liquid supply unit 40 separately prepared and the pipeline P may be connected to form the liquid supply unit 40. The liquid supply portion 40 is formed in a U shape composed of a part of a pair of straight portions P1 and a curved portion P2. The liquid supply unit 40 stores the liquid in the state of a U-shaped liquid column. The liquid supply unit 40 is formed so that, for example, the liquid level of the liquid is above the one end portion 10A side of the heat storage device 10 and the heat storage device 10 is immersed in the liquid. Since the surface of the heat storage device 10 is roughly formed by, for example, ceramic or the like, the supplied liquid permeates the surface. The liquid supply unit 40 may input the heat energy from the heat source and may be used for inputting the heat energy to the first heat exchanger 20 or the one end portion 10A side.

As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid supply unit 40 is, for example, a supply member 45 formed so that the liquid level of the liquid is lower than the one end portion 10A side of the heat storage device 10 and sucks up the liquid and supplies it to the heat storage device 10. (First supply member) may be provided. There is a possibility that the liquid vaporizes in the liquid supply unit 40, the liquid level becomes lower than the heat storage device 10, and the liquid is not supplied to the heat storage device 10.

Therefore, the supply member 45 is formed in a columnar shape so as to suck the liquid from the lower side to the upper side so that the liquid can be supplied to the heat storage device 10 even if the liquid level is lower than the heat storage device 10. The supply member 45 is a water supply core formed of, for example, a member such as cotton or cloth that causes a capillary phenomenon. The supply member 45 is attached so that the lower portion is immersed in the liquid and the upper portion abuts on the one end portion 10A side of the heat storage device 10.

Since the surface of the heat storage device 10 is roughly formed of, for example, ceramic or the like, the liquid supplied from the supply member 45 permeates the surface. The supply member 45 can suck the liquid from the bottom to the top without using power, supply the liquid to the heat storage device 10 arranged above the liquid surface, and keep the heat storage device 10 in a wet state.

Next, the input of thermal energy to the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving will be described.

For example, the first heat exchanger 20 supplies heat energy at room temperature to one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10. A heat medium such as air or liquid at room temperature is circulated in the first heat exchanger 20. On the other hand, high-temperature heat energy is supplied to the other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 by, for example, the second heat exchanger 30. A heat medium such as a high-temperature gas or liquid is circulated in the second heat exchanger 30.

In this case, a temperature gradient is generated from one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 on the normal temperature side to the other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 on the high temperature side, and the vibration flow is generated and amplified.

As another method of inputting heat energy, high-temperature heat energy is supplied to one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 by, for example, the first heat exchanger 20. A heat medium such as a high-temperature gas or liquid is circulated in the first heat exchanger 20. On the other hand, heat energy at room temperature is supplied to the other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 by, for example, the second heat exchanger 30. A heat medium such as a gas or liquid at room temperature is circulated in the second heat exchanger 30.

In this case, a temperature gradient is generated from one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 on the high temperature side to the other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 on the room temperature side, and the vibration flow is generated and amplified.

High-temperature heat energy is supplied to one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 by heating the liquid stored in a liquid column in the liquid supply unit 40 with a heat source, and the one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 is heated. May be good. In this case, the first heat exchanger 20 may be omitted. Generally, the heat exchanger of a thermoacoustic device is formed to be small with respect to the volume of the device, and there is a problem that the input location using an external heat source is limited. When the heat exchanger is designed using waste heat as a heat source, the heat exchanger needs to secure a heat transfer area from the heat source, so that there is also a problem that the flow path opening ratio becomes low. On the other hand, by heating the liquid column of the liquid supply unit 40, a heat input section having a larger range than that of the first heat exchanger 20 can be set. On the other hand, heat energy at room temperature is supplied to the other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 by, for example, the second heat exchanger 30. In this case, a temperature gradient is generated from one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 on the high temperature side to the other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 on the room temperature side, and the vibration flow is generated and amplified.

In addition, the liquid supply unit 40 may play the role of the first heat exchanger 20. On one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10, the liquid stored in the liquid column of the liquid supply unit 40 may be supplied with heat energy at room temperature by a heat source. In this case, the first heat exchanger 20 may be omitted.

As another method of inputting heat energy, low-temperature heat energy is supplied to one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 by, for example, the first heat exchanger 20. For example, a heat medium such as a low-temperature gas or liquid is circulated in the first heat exchanger 20. Low-temperature heat energy may be supplied to one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 by cooling the liquid stored in the liquid supply unit 40 with a heat source. In this case, the first heat exchanger 20 may be omitted. On the other hand, heat energy at room temperature is supplied to the other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 by, for example, the second heat exchanger 30. A heat medium such as a gas or liquid at room temperature is circulated in the second heat exchanger 30. In this case, a temperature gradient is generated from one end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 on the low temperature side to the other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 on the room temperature side, and the vibration flow is generated and amplified.

When a temperature gradient (temperature difference) is generated between one end 10A and the other end 10B of the heat storage device 10 by the above method, the oscillating flow of the working gas is generated and amplified and propagates in the pipeline P. To do. Energy (work) can be extracted from the oscillating flow propagating in the pipeline P. For energy extraction, for example, an operational thermoacoustic device having another thermoacoustic device different from the thermoacoustic device 1 in the conduit P can be used. According to the thermoacoustic device for operation, the energy of the input oscillating flow can be converted into thermal energy (heat pump effect) and extracted.

At this time, the thermoacoustic phenomenon is used in order to perform the heat pump effect in the heat storage device of the thermoacoustic device for operation so as to generate a temperature gradient in the opposite direction along the streamline direction of the gas in the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving. The heat energy can be extracted from the input oscillating flow.

Hereinafter, the thermoacoustic device for operation will be described. The same name will be used for the same configuration as the above-mentioned thermoacoustic device 1 for driving, and duplicate description will be omitted as appropriate.

As shown in FIG. 3, the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation in a thirsty state includes a pipeline P, a heat storage device 50 (second heat storage device) provided in the pipeline P, and one end of the heat storage device 50. A third heat exchanger 60 provided in the portion 50A and a fourth heat exchanger 70 provided in the other end 50B of the heat storage device 50 are provided. A downwardly curved conduit P is connected to the third heat exchanger 60 and the fourth heat exchanger 70.

In the heat storage device 50, for example, the vibration flow generated from the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving is input from either the end side of one end 50A side or the other end 50B side.

The third heat exchanger 60 is formed so as to perform heat exchange at one end 50A of the heat storage device 50. The third heat exchanger 60 cools or heats one end 50A of the heat storage device 50. The third heat exchanger 60 circulates the heat medium and exchanges heat at one end 50A.

The fourth heat exchanger 70 is formed so as to perform heat exchange at the other end 50B of the heat storage device 50. The fourth heat exchanger 70 cools or heats the other end 50B of the heat storage device 50, for example. The fourth heat exchanger 70 circulates the heat medium and exchanges heat at the other end 50B.

For example, when a vibration flow generated by energy conversion is input from the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving to one end 50A side of the heat storage device 50, a heat pump effect is generated and a temperature difference occurs in the flow path axial direction of the heat storage device. At this time, when the one end 50A side is heat-exchanged with the heat medium at room temperature by the third heat exchanger 60, a temperature difference occurs with reference to the one end 50A side, and an endothermic reaction occurs on the other end 50B side. At this time, if heat exchange is performed by the fourth heat exchanger 70, low-temperature heat energy can be taken out. By this reaction, a cooler, a cooler, etc. can be configured.

When the vibration flow generated from the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving is input to one end 50A side of the heat storage device 50, a temperature difference is generated in the flow path axial direction of the heat storage device due to the heat pump effect. At this time, when the other end 50B side is heat-exchanged with the heat medium at room temperature by the fourth heat exchanger 70, a temperature difference is generated with reference to the one end 50B side, and the third heat exchanger 60 on the one end 50A side. High temperature heat energy can be extracted.

By this reaction, a temperature riser or the like can be constructed. The input of the oscillating flow may be from the other end 50B side of the heat storage device 50. That is, the input of the oscillating flow is appropriately changed according to the direction of the oscillating flow generated from the thermoacoustic device 1. Further, the "heating" and "cooling" directions of the heat storage device are also appropriately changed according to the input direction of the oscillating flow. One end 50A side of the heat storage device 50 may be configured to supply a liquid in the same manner as the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving.

As shown in FIG. 4, the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation may be configured with the heat storage device 50 in a wet state. The thermoacoustic device 2 for operation includes a liquid supply unit 80 (second liquid supply unit) for operation that supplies liquid to one end 50A side of the heat storage device 50. The device configuration is the same as that of the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving. The thermoacoustic device 2 is configured to extract thermal energy from the heat generated at either end of both ends. At this time, the operating temperature of the thermoacoustic device 2 can be lowered by wetting one end 50A side with the liquid supply 80. The liquid may be supplied to the heat storage device 50 from the liquid supply unit 80 using a supply member (second supply member: not shown) in the same manner as described above.

At this time, the heat energy can be output by the liquid stored in the liquid supply unit 80. As a result, the thermoacoustic device 2 is configured so that the output range of the work outlet generated by the heat storage device 50 can be expanded and the thermal energy can be easily extracted. A heat pump can be configured by combining the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving and the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation.

As shown in FIG. 5, the heat pump 100 is configured as a cooler. The heat pump 100 includes a thermoacoustic device 1 for driving and a thermoacoustic device 2 for operation. The thermoacoustic device 2 is not wet. The thermoacoustic device 1 and the thermoacoustic device 2 are connected in a loop by a conduit P. A U-shaped liquid reservoir 3 is provided between the thermoacoustic device 1 and the thermoacoustic device 2. The liquid is stored in the liquid reservoir 3 in a U-shaped liquid column.

According to the liquid reservoir 3, the "Gedeon flow" can be suppressed secondarily. The Gedeon flow is a circulating mass flow generated in a loop-shaped thermoacoustic device (Non-Patent Document 9). Since the Gedeon flow carries away the heat of the heat storage device and the heat exchanger, the thermal efficiency is lowered in the prime mover, and the heat pump performance is lowered in the cooler and the heater. Conventionally, the Gedeon flow has been suppressed by installing a rubber film or the like. According to the heat pump 100, the Gedeon flow can be suppressed by the liquid reservoir 3 and the liquid supply 40 provided in the middle of the flow path of the pipeline P.

Thermal energy is supplied to the thermoacoustic device 1 for the prime mover from a heat source such as high-temperature waste heat. The other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 is heat-exchanged from the heat source to a high temperature by, for example, the second heat exchanger 30. The second heat exchanger 30 circulates, for example, a heat medium such as a high-temperature gas or liquid heated by a heat source. One end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 is heat exchanged with room temperature by, for example, the first heat exchanger 20. A heat medium such as air or liquid at room temperature is circulated in the first heat exchanger 20. Then, a temperature gradient is generated in the heat storage device 10 so that the other end 10B side has a high temperature and the one end 10A side has a room temperature, and the vibration flow is generated and amplified.

The energy of the oscillating flow travels through the conduit P, propagates to the liquid reservoir 3, and is input from the liquid reservoir 3 to the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation. The oscillating flow exerts a heat pump effect in the heat storage device 50 and causes a temperature difference in the flow path axial direction of the heat storage device. At this time, when heat exchange is performed with the room temperature by the third heat exchanger 60, the temperature gradient in the heat storage device 50 is generated with reference to the other end 50A side, and the temperature on the one end 50B side becomes lower than the room temperature.

At this time, if heat exchange is performed by the fourth heat exchanger 70, heat energy lower than room temperature can be extracted. The energy of the oscillating flow output from the other end 50B side, which is not used for the heat pump effect, propagates to the liquid supply unit 40 and is input to the thermoacoustic device 1. After that, the above cycle is repeated. Therefore, according to the heat pump 100, it is possible to configure a cooler that does not use an operating device by using high-temperature waste heat or the like. This is just one example, and the number and combination of prime movers, temperature risers, and coolers are free and not limited to this.

As shown in FIG. 6, the heat pump 110 may be configured as a temperature riser. The heat pump 110 includes a thermoacoustic device 1 for driving and a thermoacoustic device 2 for operation. The thermoacoustic device 2 is not wet.

Thermal energy is supplied to the thermoacoustic device 1 for the prime mover from a low-temperature heat source. One end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 is heat-exchanged from a heat source to a low temperature by, for example, the first heat exchanger 20. One end 10A side of the heat storage device 10 may cool the liquid of the liquid supply unit 40. The first heat exchanger 20 circulates, for example, a heat medium such as a low-temperature gas or liquid cooled by a heat source. The other end 10B side of the heat storage device 10 is heat exchanged with room temperature by, for example, the second heat exchanger 30. A heat medium such as air or liquid at room temperature is circulated in the second heat exchanger 30. Then, a temperature gradient is generated in the heat storage device 10 so that the other end 10B side is at room temperature and the one end 10A side is at low temperature, and the vibration flow is generated and amplified.

The energy of the oscillating flow travels through the conduit P, propagates to the liquid reservoir 3, and is input from the liquid reservoir 3 to the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation. The oscillating flow exerts a heat pump effect in the heat storage device 50 and causes a temperature difference in the flow path axial direction of the heat storage device. At this time, when heat exchange is performed with the room temperature by the fourth heat exchanger 70, the temperature gradient in the heat storage device 50 is generated with reference to the other end 50B side, and the temperature on the one end 50A side becomes higher than the room temperature.

At this time, heat energy higher than room temperature can be extracted from one end 50A side. The energy of the oscillating flow output from the other end 50B side, which is not used for the heat pump effect, propagates to the liquid supply unit 40 and is input to the thermoacoustic device 1. After that, the above cycle is repeated. Therefore, according to the heat pump 110, it is possible to configure a temperature riser that does not use an operating device by using low-temperature waste heat. Further, the temperature gradient generated by the thermoacoustic device for the prime mover is not limited to the combination of low temperature and normal temperature, and the temperature gradient may be generated by the combination of high temperature and normal temperature and low temperature and high temperature.

As the thermoacoustic device 1 for driving in the heat pumps 100 and 110, the supply member 45 may be used in the liquid supply unit 40. As the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation in the heat pumps 100 and 110, a liquid supply unit 80 and a supply member (not shown) may be used.

As shown in FIG. 7, as the heat pump 120, liquid supply units 40 and 80 may be used in the thermoacoustic devices 1 and 2. In the heat pump 120, the thermoacoustic device 1 including the liquid supply unit 40 and the thermoacoustic device 2 including the liquid supply unit 80 are connected in a loop by a conduit P. In the thermoacoustic device 1, the heat pump 120 may supply heat energy from a heat source to the liquid in the liquid supply unit 40. The heat pump 120 may extract low-temperature thermal energy from the liquid in the liquid supply unit 80 in the thermoacoustic device 2.

As shown in FIG. 8, the heat pump 130 may connect the pipelines P3 and P4 formed in a loop shape. It includes a loop-shaped pipeline P3 including a thermoacoustic device 1 for driving, and a loop-shaped pipeline P4 including a thermoacoustic device 2 for operation. The pipeline P3 is formed in a loop shape so that the oscillating flow generated from the heat storage device 10 circulates and is input to the heat storage device 10. The pipeline P4 is formed in a loop shape so that the oscillating flow generated from the heat storage device 50 circulates and is input to the heat storage device 50. The pipeline P3 and the pipeline P4 are connected by a branch pipe P5.

The branch pipe P5 is formed in an inverted U shape, for example. The branch pipe P5 is branched and connected from the bottom of the liquid supply part 40 of the pipe line P3. The branch pipe P5 is branched and connected from the bottom of the liquid supply part 80 of the pipe line P4. In the thermoacoustic device 1, for example, the heat pump 130 supplies heat energy from a heat source to the liquid in the liquid supply unit 40. In the thermoacoustic device 2, for example, the heat pump 130 extracts low-temperature thermal energy from the liquid in the liquid supply unit 80.

As shown in FIG. 9, the heat pump 140 may include one or more thermoacoustic devices 1 for driving. In the heat pump 140, for example, three thermoacoustic devices 1 are continuously connected via a conduit P. A thermoacoustic device 2 for operation is connected to the downstream side of the continuum composed of the three thermoacoustic devices 1 via a liquid reservoir 3. The thermoacoustic device 2 is connected to the upstream side of the three thermoacoustic devices 1. As a result, the heat pump 140 is formed in a loop shape. According to the heat pump 140, the power of the oscillating flow can be amplified by the plurality of heat storage devices 10 to increase the heat generated from the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation.

As shown in FIG. 10, the heat pump 150 includes two thermoacoustic devices 1 and two thermoacoustic devices 2. In the heat pump 150, for example, the thermoacoustic device 2 is connected to the downstream side of the thermoacoustic device 1 via the liquid reservoir 3, and another thermoacoustic device 1 is connected to the downstream side of the thermoacoustic device 2. Another thermoacoustic device 2 is connected to the downstream side of the other thermoacoustic device 1.

The upstream side of the thermoacoustic device 1 is connected to the downstream side of the other thermoacoustic device 2. In the heat pump 150, the thermoacoustic device 1 and the thermoacoustic device 2 are connected in a loop so as to alternate. The heat pump 150 includes a continuum including a thermoacoustic device 1 and a thermoacoustic device 2 connected to the thermoacoustic device 1, and two continuums are connected in a loop. According to the heat pump 150, the input portion of the heat source and the heat extraction portion generated from the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation can be formed so as to expand as compared with the heat exchanger.

As mentioned above, the heat pump can be designed with various device configurations. If the above heat pump uses a liquid column and a wet heat storage device, other device configurations may be used. Further, the heat pump described above can be applied regardless of the following parameters used as design elements.
・ Type of working gas, average pressure ・ Type of liquid that wets the heat storage device ・ Flow path diameter, length, material ・ Pipe line size, length, shape (circular tube, rectangular tube) of the heat storage device
・ Number and shape of liquid supply unit ・ Motor, cooler design specifications ・ Whether or not the cross-sectional area is expanded at the prime mover and cooler position.
・ Relative position of prime mover and cooler ・ Presence or absence of expansion of pipeline cross-sectional area ・ Number of prime movers in thermoacoustic device ・ Number of work outlets such as cooler in thermoacoustic device

Next, a design example of a heat pump using a wet heat storage device and a calculation example showing its performance are shown. In the following description, a calculation result using a governing equation that can describe a thermoacoustic phenomenon when a wet heat storage device is used for a thermoacoustic cooler is shown. It should be noted that this calculation is also applicable to a prime mover thermoacoustic device using a heat storage device wetted by the liquid supplied by the liquid column as described above.

As shown in FIG. 11, the heat pump to be calculated includes two continuously connected thermoacoustic devices for prime mover 1 and cooling connected to the downstream side of the two thermoacoustic devices for prime mover. It is provided with a thermoacoustic device 2 for operation that operates as a machine. The downstream side of the thermoacoustic device 2 for operation is connected to the upstream side of the two thermoacoustic devices for driving, and a loop of the pipeline P is formed. A U-shaped liquid reservoir 3 is connected between the devices.

The two thermoacoustic devices for the prime mover are described as being thirsty apart from the liquid reservoir 3. As the two thermoacoustic devices for driving, the above-mentioned thermoacoustic device 1 for driving in a wet state can be used when performing comparative calculation (see FIG. 9).

FIG. 12 shows the parameters used in the calculation. In the calculation example, the heat storage device of the cooling device for operation is used in a thirsty state, but the heat storage device may be in a wet state, or the work taking-out side may be immersed in the liquid column portion. This is not the case.

FIG. 13 shows the calculation result of the low temperature end face temperature of the cooler regenerator with respect to the high temperature end face temperature of the prime mover regenerator. In the figure, the horizontal axis shows the high temperature end face temperature of the prime mover regenerator, and the vertical axis shows the low temperature end face temperature of the cooler regenerator. In the calculation, a heat pump with a wet heat storage device for the prime mover and a heat pump with a thirsty heat storage device for the prime mover were compared. A heat pump using a wet regenerator has a prime mover regenerator high temperature end face temperature of about 65 ° C and a cooler regenerator low temperature end face temperature of about 27 ° C, a prime mover regenerator high temperature end face temperature of about 70 ° C, and a cooler regenerator low temperature. The result was that the end face temperature was cooled to about 10 ° C. On the other hand, in the heat pump using a dry regenerator, the prime mover regenerator high temperature end face temperature is 160 ° C, the cooler regenerator low temperature end face temperature is about 27 ° C, the prime mover regenerator high temperature end face temperature is 190 ° C, and the cooler heat storage. The result was that the low temperature end face temperature of the vessel was cooled to about 9 ° C.

From the above results, the heat pump using the wet heat storage device can operate at a lower temperature than the heat pump using the dry heat storage device in order to obtain the desired cooler temperature.

According to the heat pump that utilizes the thermoacoustic phenomenon as described above, when a cooler, a heater, etc. are configured to extract desired energy, the heat pump operates at a lower prime mover temperature than a heat pump using a dry heat storage device. Can be made to. Therefore, according to the heat pump, it is possible to extract desired energy by utilizing waste heat in a temperature range, which has been difficult to utilize in the past. According to heat pumps, in a wet state, compared to the conventional configuration in which multiple thermoacoustic devices are connected to operate at low temperatures to amplify the acoustic power and extract the desired energy. The desired energy can be extracted by using one heat storage device, and the device configuration can be simplified.

According to the heat pump, when the prime mover temperature is set high while using a wet heat storage device, the temperature output from the cooler is lowered as compared with the heat pump using a dry heat storage device, and the temperature riser is also used. The temperature output from can be increased, and the output can be improved. According to the heat pump, waste heat regeneration can be performed at a higher output than before. According to the heat pump, the temperature of the prime mover for operation can be lowered, and it can be used in a region and a place where the waste heat temperature is low.

According to the heat pump, the liquid supply unit 40 can keep the heat storage device 10 in a wet state, and can operate stably. According to the heat pump, the input range of the heat energy can be expanded by inputting the heat energy from the heat source to the liquid column of the liquid supply unit 40. According to the heat pump, since the liquid column of the liquid supply unit 40 is set to an arbitrary length, it is possible to set a heat input section in a larger range than the heat exchanger for high temperature provided at the end of the heat storage device. According to the heat pump, by inputting heat energy to the liquid column of the liquid supply unit 40, the heat exchanger for high temperature can be omitted, and the device configuration can be simplified.

According to the heat pump, the above-mentioned Gedeon flow can be suppressed secondarily. According to the heat pump, the Gedeon flow can be suppressed by the liquid column provided inside the device, as compared with the conventional case where the Gedeon flow is suppressed by installing a rubber film or the like.

As described above, the thermoacoustic phenomenon has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to the thermoacoustic engine based on the thermoacoustic phenomenon, and the Stirling engine and pulse provided with a heat storage device that utilizes the vibration flow of the fluid. It can be applied to energy conversion devices such as tube refrigerators, GM refrigerators, Stirling coolers, heat pipes, and thermoacoustic engines.

1, 2 thermoacoustic device, 3 liquid reservoir, 10 heat exchanger, 10A one end, 10B other end, 12 flow paths, 20 first heat exchanger, 30 second heat exchanger, 40 liquid supply, 45 supply Members, 50 heat exchanger, 50A one end, 50B other end, 60 third heat exchanger, 70 fourth heat exchanger, 80 liquid supply section, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150 heat pump, P pipeline , P1 straight part, P2 curved part, P3, P4 pipeline, P5 branch pipe

Claims (14)

A heat pump that uses a phase change type oscillating flow.
A first heat storage device for at least one or more prime movers that generates and amplifies the phase change type oscillating flow by supplying heat energy.
At least one or more primary liquid supply units for supplying liquid to the first heat storage unit, and
It is provided with at least one or more second heat storage devices to which the oscillating flow of the working gas generated / amplified by the first heat storage device in a wet state to which the liquid is supplied is input to generate a heat pump effect.
heat pump. The first liquid supply unit is formed so as to store the liquid in a liquid column in a conduit in which the working gas travels.
The heat pump according to claim 1. The first liquid supply unit is formed so that the stored liquid is immersed in the first heat storage device.
The heat pump according to claim 1 or 2. The first liquid supply unit includes a first supply member that sucks up the liquid from the stored liquid and supplies the liquid to the first heat storage device.
The heat pump according to claim 1 or 2. The first liquid supply unit is formed so as to heat the first heat storage device by supplying heat from a heat source to the liquid stored in a liquid column in a conduit in which the working gas travels.
The heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A second liquid supply unit for operation that supplies a liquid to the second heat storage device to bring it into a wet state is provided.
The heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The second liquid supply unit is formed so as to store the liquid in a liquid column in a conduit in which the working gas travels.
The heat pump according to claim 6. The second liquid supply unit is formed so that the stored liquid is immersed in the second heat storage device.
The heat pump according to claim 6 or 7. The second liquid supply unit includes a second supply member that sucks up the liquid from the stored liquid and supplies the liquid to the second heat storage device.
The heat pump according to claim 6 or 7. The second liquid supply unit is formed so as to take out heat generated from the second heat storage device from the liquid stored in a liquid column in a conduit in which the working gas travels.
The heat pump according to any one of claims 7 to 9. With at least one or more of the first heat storage devices,
At least one liquid supply unit connected to the first heat storage unit, and
With at least one or more of the second heat storage devices,
A liquid storage portion in which at least one or more of the liquids connected between the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device is stored in a liquid column is provided.
The heat pump according to any one of claims 6 to 10. A continuum including the first heat storage device and the second heat storage device connected to the first heat storage device is provided.
The two continuums are connected in a loop,
The heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 11. A continuum including three continuously connected first heat storage devices and one second heat storage device connected to the continuum are connected in a loop.
The heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 11. The phase change type oscillating flow is a oscillating flow generated and amplified by a thermoacoustic phenomenon.
The heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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