JP2021080732A - Rock bolt end fixing device and state determination method in tunnel - Google Patents

Rock bolt end fixing device and state determination method in tunnel Download PDF

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JP2021080732A
JP2021080732A JP2019208653A JP2019208653A JP2021080732A JP 2021080732 A JP2021080732 A JP 2021080732A JP 2019208653 A JP2019208653 A JP 2019208653A JP 2019208653 A JP2019208653 A JP 2019208653A JP 2021080732 A JP2021080732 A JP 2021080732A
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lock bolt
discoloring
fixing device
material layer
tunnel
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JP7321063B2 (en
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博靖 平山
Hiroyasu Hirayama
博靖 平山
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Fujimori Sangyo Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

To make it possible, during tunnel construction, to easily grasp tension applied to a rock bolt, a sign of collapse of natural ground, and the like.SOLUTION: A rock bolt 4 is driven into natural ground 2 around a tunnel 1. A rock bolt end fixing device 10 is provided at the rock bolt 4's end 4a protruding from a tunnel wall surface 3a. A pressure receiving plate 11 of the device 10 is made to abut on the tunnel wall surface 3a. A color-changeable member 20 is made to be held between a nut 12 and the pressure receiving plate 11. The color-changeable member 20 is made from resin or rubber whose color is changed depending on pressing force. On the basis of the color-changeable member 20's color, a tension state of the rock bolt 4 or a state of the natural ground is determined.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、例えばＮＡＴＭ（New Austrian Tunneling Method）工法等によるトンネル施工において、ロックボルトの端部を定着させる装置等に関し、特にロックボルトに作用する張力や地山の状態に感応する機能が付与されたロックボルト端部定着装置及び該装置によって前記張力や地山の状態を判断する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a device for fixing the end of a lock bolt in tunnel construction by, for example, the NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) method, and is provided with a function of being particularly sensitive to the tension acting on the lock bolt and the state of the ground. The present invention relates to a lock bolt end fixing device and a method for determining the tension and the state of the ground by the device.

この種のトンネル施工においては、二次覆工前のトンネル壁面から周辺の地山にロックボルトを打ち込んで地山を支持している。ロックボルトにおけるトンネル内への突出端部にはナットを螺合させて締め付けることで、ロックボルトに張力を加えている。 In this type of tunnel construction, rock bolts are driven into the surrounding ground from the tunnel wall surface before the secondary lining to support the ground. Tension is applied to the lock bolt by screwing and tightening a nut at the protruding end of the lock bolt into the tunnel.

特開２０１８−１９９９８２号公報（［００２１］、図１）JP-A-2018-199982 ([0021], FIG. 1)

前記ロックボルトに所要の張力が加えられているか否かは、例えば、ナットの螺合時の締め付けトルクをトルクゲージ等で測定することで管理される。しかし、締め付けトルクひいては張力の大きさがロックボルトの突出端部等に見える形で現れることはないために、トルクゲージの読み誤り等があっても確認するのは困難である。また、地山が崩れようとしている兆候をロックボルトの突出端部等を見て判断することは難しい。
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑み、トンネルの施工中、ロックボルトに加えられた張力や地山が崩れようとしている兆候などを視覚的に容易に把握できるようにすることを目的とする。 Whether or not a required tension is applied to the lock bolt is controlled by, for example, measuring the tightening torque at the time of screwing the nut with a torque gauge or the like. However, since the tightening torque and thus the magnitude of the tension do not appear in a form that can be seen at the protruding end of the lock bolt, it is difficult to confirm even if there is an error in reading the torque gauge. In addition, it is difficult to judge the sign that the ground is about to collapse by looking at the protruding end of the lock bolt.
In view of such circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to make it possible to visually easily grasp the tension applied to the lock bolt and the sign that the ground is about to collapse during the construction of the tunnel.

前記課題を解決するため、本発明装置は、
トンネルの周辺の地山に打ち込まれたロックボルトにおけるトンネル内へ突出された突出端部をトンネル壁面に定着させるロックボルト端部定着装置であって、
前記突出端部を通す挿通穴を有して前記トンネル壁面に当接される受圧板と、
前記突出端部に螺合されたナットと、
前記受圧板と前記ナットとの間に挟まれ、押圧力に応じて変色される樹脂又はゴムからなる変色性部材と、
を備えたことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the apparatus of the present invention
It is a lock bolt end fixing device that fixes the protruding end of the lock bolt driven into the ground around the tunnel to the tunnel wall surface.
A pressure receiving plate having an insertion hole through which the protruding end portion is passed and abutting against the tunnel wall surface,
With the nut screwed into the protruding end,
A discoloring member made of resin or rubber that is sandwiched between the pressure receiving plate and the nut and discolors according to the pressing force.
It is characterized by being equipped with.

前記変色性部材が、変色を起こす押圧力の大きさが互いに異なる複数の変色材層を積層してなることが好ましい。
前記変色性部材が、前記ナットの締付トルクが規定以上となるときの第１押圧力で変色する第１変色材層と、前記第１変色材層に積層され、前記第１押圧力より高い第２押圧力で変色する第２変色材層とを含むことが好ましい。
前記第１変色材層が相対的に薄く、前記第２変色材層が相対的に厚いことが好ましい。
前記第２変色材層が、前記第１変色材層より前記ナットの側に配置されていることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the discoloring member is formed by laminating a plurality of discoloring material layers having different magnitudes of pressing pressure causing discoloration.
The discoloring member is laminated on the first discoloring material layer and the first discoloring material layer, which are discolored by the first pressing pressure when the tightening torque of the nut is equal to or higher than the specified pressure, and is higher than the first pressing pressure. It is preferable to include a second discoloring material layer that discolors with the second pressing force.
It is preferable that the first discoloring material layer is relatively thin and the second discoloring material layer is relatively thick.
It is preferable that the second discoloring material layer is arranged closer to the nut than the first discoloring material layer.

本発明に係るトンネルの状態判断方法は、
トンネルの周辺の地山に打ち込まれたロックボルトにおけるトンネル内へ突出された突出端部をロックボルト端部定着装置によってトンネル壁面に定着させる際に、
前記ロックボルト端部定着装置における、前記突出端部を通す挿通穴を有して前記トンネル壁面に当接される受圧板と、前記突出端部に螺合されたナットとの間に、押圧力に応じて変色される樹脂又はゴムからなる変色性部材を挟み、
前記変色性部材の色によって前記ロックボルトの張力又は地山の状態を判断することを特徴とする。 The method for determining the state of the tunnel according to the present invention is as follows.
When fixing the protruding end of the lock bolt driven into the ground around the tunnel to the tunnel wall surface by the lock bolt end fixing device.
In the lock bolt end fixing device, a pressing force is applied between a pressure receiving plate having an insertion hole through which the protruding end is passed and abutting against the tunnel wall surface and a nut screwed into the protruding end. A discoloring member made of resin or rubber that discolors according to the situation is sandwiched between the two.
It is characterized in that the tension of the lock bolt or the state of the ground is determined by the color of the discoloring member.

変色性部材の画像を含む学習用画像データから前記変色の有無を機械学習システムに学習させて生成した学習済みモデルを用意し、
実際の施工中のトンネル壁面を撮影した実画像データを取得し、
前記学習済みモデルに前記実画像データを入力して前記実画像データ中の変色性部材の変色の有無を判定させることが好ましい。 Prepare a trained model generated by having a machine learning system learn the presence or absence of the discoloration from the learning image data including the image of the discolorable member.
Acquire the actual image data of the tunnel wall surface during actual construction,
It is preferable to input the actual image data into the trained model to determine the presence or absence of discoloration of the discoloring member in the actual image data.

本発明によれば、トンネル施工中、ロックボルトに加えられた張力や地山が崩れようとしている兆候などを変色性部材の色から容易に把握することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to easily grasp the tension applied to the lock bolt and the sign that the ground is about to collapse from the color of the discoloring member during the tunnel construction.

図１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係るロックボルト端部定着装置を、トンネルの周辺の地山に打ち込まれたロックボルトに設置された状態で示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a lock bolt end fixing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is installed on a lock bolt driven into a ground around a tunnel. 図２は、本発明の第２実施形態に係るロックボルト端部定着装置を、トンネルの周辺の地山に打ち込まれたロックボルトに設置された状態で示す断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the lock bolt end fixing device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is installed on a lock bolt driven into a ground around a tunnel. 図３は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る状態判断システムの解説図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a state determination system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

以下、本発明の実施形態を図面にしたがって説明する。
＜第１実施形態（図１）＞
図１は、ＮＡＴＭ工法によって施工中のトンネル１を示したものである。地山２が掘削されて、掘削面に吹付けコンクリート３が吹付けられている。該吹付けコンクリート３からなるトンネル壁面３ａから周辺の地山２に多数（図においては１つだけ図示）のロックボルト４が打ち込まれている。
なお、図示は省略するが、ロックボルト４の設置後、トンネル壁面３ａ上に防水シートが張設され、更にそのトンネル内側に二次覆工が構築される。したがって、吹付けコンクリート３によってトンネル壁面３ａが構成されている期間は一時的である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<First Embodiment (Fig. 1)>
FIG. 1 shows a tunnel 1 under construction by the NATM method. The ground 2 is excavated, and the sprayed concrete 3 is sprayed on the excavated surface. A large number of lock bolts 4 (only one is shown in the figure) are driven into the surrounding ground 2 from the tunnel wall surface 3a made of the sprayed concrete 3.
Although not shown, a waterproof sheet is stretched on the tunnel wall surface 3a after the lock bolt 4 is installed, and a secondary lining is constructed inside the tunnel. Therefore, the period in which the tunnel wall surface 3a is composed of the sprayed concrete 3 is temporary.

ロックボルト４の一端部４ａが、トンネル壁面３ａからトンネル１内へ突出されている。突出端部４ａには、ロックボルト端部定着装置１０が設けられている。定着装置１０は、突出端部４ａをトンネル壁面３ａに定着させる機能を有する。更に、定着装置１０には、ロックボルト４に作用する張力や地山２の状態に感応する状態感応機能が付与されている。 One end 4a of the lock bolt 4 projects from the tunnel wall surface 3a into the tunnel 1. A lock bolt end fixing device 10 is provided on the protruding end 4a. The fixing device 10 has a function of fixing the protruding end portion 4a to the tunnel wall surface 3a. Further, the fixing device 10 is provided with a state-sensitive function that is sensitive to the tension acting on the lock bolt 4 and the state of the ground 2.

詳しくは、ロックボルト端部定着装置１０は、ナット１２と、受圧板１１と、変色性部材２０とを含む。受圧板１１は、例えば鋼板によって構成されている。該受圧板１１がトンネル壁面３ａに当接されている。受圧板１１の中央部には挿通穴１１ｃが形成されている。挿通穴１１ｃにロックボルト４の突出端部４ａが通されている。受圧板１１より先端側の突出端部４ａにナット１２が螺合されている。ナット１２の締め付けによって、突出端部４ａがトンネル壁面３ａに定着されるとともに、ロックボルト４に所要の張力が付与されている。 Specifically, the lock bolt end fixing device 10 includes a nut 12, a pressure receiving plate 11, and a discoloring member 20. The pressure receiving plate 11 is made of, for example, a steel plate. The pressure receiving plate 11 is in contact with the tunnel wall surface 3a. An insertion hole 11c is formed in the central portion of the pressure receiving plate 11. The protruding end 4a of the lock bolt 4 is passed through the insertion hole 11c. A nut 12 is screwed into a protruding end portion 4a on the tip side of the pressure receiving plate 11. By tightening the nut 12, the protruding end portion 4a is fixed to the tunnel wall surface 3a, and the lock bolt 4 is given the required tension.

受圧板１１とナット１２との間に変色性部材２０が介在されている。変色性部材２０は、環状に形成されており、その中心穴２０ｃにロックボルト４の突出端部４ａが通されている。変色性部材２０は、押圧力に応じて変色される。 A discoloring member 20 is interposed between the pressure receiving plate 11 and the nut 12. The discoloring member 20 is formed in an annular shape, and the protruding end portion 4a of the lock bolt 4 is passed through the center hole 20c thereof. The discoloring member 20 is discolored according to the pressing force.

例えば、変色性部材２０は、樹脂又はゴムからなる母材と、該母材に埋設されたマイクロカプセルとを含む。マイクロカプセルに発色剤が充填されている。変色性部材２０に一定の押圧力が加えられると、マイクロカプセルが破壊されて発色剤が母材と反応することで、変色性部材２０が変色する。
押圧力によって変色性部材２０を構成する有機分子の化学結合状態や分子間の相互作用や分子構造が変化することで、変色性部材２０が変色するようになっていてもよい。
変色性部材２０の変色が起きる押圧力（第１押圧力）は、ナット１２の締付トルクが規定の大きさ（適正値）以上のときの押圧力になるように設定されている。規定の締め付けトルクにおいて、ロックボルト４に作用する張力が所要の大きさとなる。
図示は省略するが、ナット１２と変色性部材２０との間にワッシャが設けられていてもよい。 For example, the discoloring member 20 includes a base material made of resin or rubber and microcapsules embedded in the base material. The microcapsules are filled with a color former. When a constant pressing force is applied to the discoloring member 20, the microcapsules are destroyed and the color former reacts with the base material, so that the discoloring member 20 is discolored.
The discoloration member 20 may be discolored by changing the chemical bond state of the organic molecules constituting the discoloration member 20, the interaction between the molecules, and the molecular structure by the pressing force.
The pressing force (first pressing force) at which the discoloring member 20 is discolored is set so as to be the pressing force when the tightening torque of the nut 12 is equal to or larger than a specified size (appropriate value). At the specified tightening torque, the tension acting on the lock bolt 4 becomes a required magnitude.
Although not shown, a washer may be provided between the nut 12 and the discoloring member 20.

ロックボルト端部定着装置１０は、トンネル１の施工の際、次のように使用される。
地山２を掘削し、ロックボルト４をトンネル壁面３ａから周辺の地山２に打ち込んだ後、ロックボルト４の突出端部４ａに定着装置１０を設置する。すなわち、突出端部４ａの外周に受圧板１１、変色性部材２０、ナット１２の順に嵌める。言い換えると、受圧板１１とナット１２との間に変色性部材２０を挟む。 The lock bolt end fixing device 10 is used as follows when constructing the tunnel 1.
After excavating the ground 2 and driving the lock bolt 4 from the tunnel wall surface 3a into the surrounding ground 2, the fixing device 10 is installed at the protruding end 4a of the lock bolt 4. That is, the pressure receiving plate 11, the discoloring member 20, and the nut 12 are fitted in this order on the outer circumference of the protruding end portion 4a. In other words, the discoloring member 20 is sandwiched between the pressure receiving plate 11 and the nut 12.

そして、ナット１２を締め込む。これによって、ロックボルト４に張力が作用するとともに、突出端部４ａがトンネル壁面３ａに定着される。同時に、変色性部材２０が、受圧板１１とナット１２とによって強く挟み付けられて加圧される。このとき、トルクゲージなどで締め付けトルクを測定してもよい。
ナット１２の締め付けトルクが規定の大きさ以上になったとき、変色性部材１１が変色される。したがって、ナット１２の締め付け中の作業者は、変色性部材２０の色の変化を目視観察することによって、締め付けトルクが規定の大きさ以上となったことを容易に確認できる。ひいては、ロックボルト４に作用する張力が所要の大きさ以上となったことを容易に判断できる。トルクゲージなどで締め付けトルクを測定する場合、測定値の読み間違いがあっても簡単に確認できる。この結果、ナット１２を過不足なく締め付けることができ、締め付け作業を容易化できる。
その後、作業状況の点検の際も、変色性部材２０の色を目視観察することによって、ロックボルト４に所要の張力が作用しているか否かを容易に判断できる。要するに、ロックボルト端部定着装置１０によれば、ロックボルト４に作用する張力を「見える化」できる。 Then, the nut 12 is tightened. As a result, tension acts on the lock bolt 4, and the protruding end portion 4a is fixed to the tunnel wall surface 3a. At the same time, the discoloring member 20 is strongly sandwiched between the pressure receiving plate 11 and the nut 12 and pressed. At this time, the tightening torque may be measured with a torque gauge or the like.
When the tightening torque of the nut 12 exceeds the specified size, the discoloring member 11 is discolored. Therefore, the operator who is tightening the nut 12 can easily confirm that the tightening torque has exceeded the specified magnitude by visually observing the color change of the discoloring member 20. As a result, it can be easily determined that the tension acting on the lock bolt 4 exceeds the required magnitude. When measuring the tightening torque with a torque gauge or the like, it is easy to check even if the measured value is misread. As a result, the nut 12 can be tightened without excess or deficiency, and the tightening work can be facilitated.
After that, even when inspecting the working condition, it can be easily determined whether or not a required tension is applied to the lock bolt 4 by visually observing the color of the discoloring member 20. In short, according to the lock bolt end fixing device 10, the tension acting on the lock bolt 4 can be "visualized".

次に、本発明の他の実施形態を説明する。以下の実施形態において既述の形態と重複する構成に関しては図面に同一符号を付して説明を省略する。
＜第２実施形態（図２）＞
図２に示すように、本発明の第２実施形態のロックボルト端部定着装置１０Ｂにおいては、変色性部材２０Ｂが、２つ（複数）の変色材層２１，２２を含んでいる。これら変色材層２１，２２がロックボルト４の軸方向に積層されている。第１変色材層２１は相対的に薄肉であり、第２変色材層２２は相対的に厚肉である。第２変色材層２２が、第１変色材層２１よりもナット１２側に配置されている。 Next, other embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are given to the drawings for configurations that overlap with the above-described embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted.
<Second Embodiment (Fig. 2)>
As shown in FIG. 2, in the lock bolt end fixing device 10B of the second embodiment of the present invention, the discoloring member 20B includes two (plurality) discoloring material layers 21 and 22. These discoloring material layers 21 and 22 are laminated in the axial direction of the lock bolt 4. The first discoloring material layer 21 is relatively thin, and the second discoloring material layer 22 is relatively thick. The second discoloring material layer 22 is arranged closer to the nut 12 than the first discoloring material layer 21.

これら変色材層２１，２２は、変色を起こす押圧力の大きさが互いに異なっている。
第１変色材層２１は、ナット１２の締付トルクが規定以上となるときの第１押圧力で変色する。第２変色材層２２は、前記第１押圧力では変色せず、第１押圧力より高い第２押圧力で変色される。 These discoloring material layers 21 and 22 have different magnitudes of pressing force that causes discoloration.
The first discoloring material layer 21 is discolored by the first pressing force when the tightening torque of the nut 12 becomes equal to or more than a specified value. The second discoloring material layer 22 is not discolored by the first pressing force, but is discolored by a second pressing force higher than the first pressing force.

第２実施形態によれば、ロックボルト４を地山２に打ち込んだ後、端部４ａにロックボルト端部定着装置１０Ｂを設けて、ナット１２を締め込んでいくと、規定締付トルク以上になったとき、変色性部材２０Ｂに印加される押圧力が第１押圧力以上になり、第１変色材層２１が変色される。これによって、ロックボルト４の張力が所要以上になったことを、作業者の目視観察によって容易に判断できる。前記作業者は、ロックボルト端部定着装置１０Ｂの直ぐ近くでナット１２の締め込み作業を行うため、第１変色材層２１の厚みが小さくても、該第１変色材層２１の変色を容易に目視観察できる。
このとき、変色性部材２０Ｂへの印加押圧力は第２押圧力未満であるから、第２変色材層２２は未だ変色されていない。作業者は、該第２変色材層２２をも目視観察することで、締め付けトルクが過度ではないことを把握できる。 According to the second embodiment, after the lock bolt 4 is driven into the ground 2, the lock bolt end fixing device 10B is provided at the end 4a and the nut 12 is tightened to exceed the specified tightening torque. At that time, the pressing force applied to the discoloring member 20B becomes equal to or higher than the first pressing force, and the first discoloring material layer 21 is discolored. As a result, it can be easily determined by visual observation of the operator that the tension of the lock bolt 4 has exceeded the required level. Since the worker tightens the nut 12 in the immediate vicinity of the lock bolt end fixing device 10B, the first discoloring material layer 21 can be easily discolored even if the thickness of the first discoloring material layer 21 is small. Can be visually observed.
At this time, since the pressing force applied to the discoloring member 20B is less than the second pressing force, the second discoloring material layer 22 has not yet been discolored. By visually observing the second discoloring material layer 22 as well, the operator can grasp that the tightening torque is not excessive.

ロックボルト４の設置工程後の点検時には、変色性部材２０Ｂの第２変色材層２２を目視観察する。
地山２が崩れようとしているときは、受圧板１１が地山２からの力によって変形される。このため、変色性部材２０Ｂへの印加押圧力が第２押圧力以上になり、第２変色材層２２が変色される。該第２変色材層２２の色の変化を目視観察することで、地山２が崩れようとする兆候を把握でき、事前に適切な対応を行なうことができる。要するに、ロックボルト端部定着装置１０Ｂによれば、ロックボルト４の締め付けトルクによる張力状態に加えて、地山２の状態をも「見える化」できる。
第２変色材層２２を厚肉に形成しておくことで、定着装置１０Ｂから離れた場所からでも、第２変色材層２２の色の変化を容易に確認できる。
第２変色材層２２を第１変色材層２１よりナット１２側に配置しておくことで、定着装置１０Ｂから離れた場所から第２変色材層２２の色の変化を一層容易に確認できる。 At the time of inspection after the installation process of the lock bolt 4, the second discoloring material layer 22 of the discoloring member 20B is visually observed.
When the ground 2 is about to collapse, the pressure receiving plate 11 is deformed by the force from the ground 2. Therefore, the pressing force applied to the discoloring member 20B becomes equal to or higher than the second pressing force, and the second discoloring material layer 22 is discolored. By visually observing the color change of the second discoloring material layer 22, it is possible to grasp the sign that the ground 2 is about to collapse and take appropriate measures in advance. In short, according to the lock bolt end fixing device 10B, the state of the ground 2 can be "visualized" in addition to the tension state due to the tightening torque of the lock bolt 4.
By forming the second discoloring material layer 22 thickly, the color change of the second discoloring material layer 22 can be easily confirmed even from a place away from the fixing device 10B.
By arranging the second discoloring material layer 22 on the nut 12 side of the first discoloring material layer 21, the color change of the second discoloring material layer 22 can be more easily confirmed from a place away from the fixing device 10B.

＜第３実施形態（図３）＞
図３は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る状態判断システム５を示したものである。状態判断システム５は、第２実施形態と同様のロックボルト端部定着装置１０Ｂと、カメラ機能６ｃ（撮影手段）を有する携帯通信端末６と、機械学習システム３０を含む。携帯通信端末６は、スマートフォンによって構成されているが、カメラ機能及び通信機能を有する携帯可能なコンピュータ（ＰＣ）であればノートパソコンであってもよい。携帯通信端末６に照明機能が付属されていてもよい。 <Third Embodiment (Fig. 3)>
FIG. 3 shows a state determination system 5 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The state determination system 5 includes a lock bolt end fixing device 10B similar to that of the second embodiment, a mobile communication terminal 6 having a camera function 6c (photographing means), and a machine learning system 30. Although the mobile communication terminal 6 is composed of a smartphone, it may be a notebook personal computer as long as it is a portable computer (PC) having a camera function and a communication function. A lighting function may be attached to the mobile communication terminal 6.

機械学習システム３０は、ＡＩ（人工知能）コンピュータによって構成されている。携帯通信端末６と機械学習システム３０とは、無線又は有線の通信回線７を介して相互通信可能である。機械学習システム３０は、学習部３１と、判定部３２を含む。学習部３１は、未変色又は変色した変色性部材の画像を含む学習用画像データから、変色性部材の変色の有無を判定する学習をして、学習済みモデル３３を生成する。具体的には、例えば、多数のトンネル壁面の学習用画像データからロックボルト端部定着装置における変色性部材を抽出し、該変色性部材の特に第２変色材層が変色しているか否かを判定することを学習する。前記学習用画像データとして、ロックボルト端部定着装置と形状や色合いが似た石などが露出した地山の画像データを用い、石と本物のロックボルト端部定着装置とを区別することをも学習させてもよい。前記地山の画像データには、本物のロックボルト端部定着装置と石の両方が映っていてもよく、本物のロックボルト端部定着装置は写っておらず石だけが映っていてもよい。
学習の結果、判定部３２には、確度の高い学習済みモデル３３が格納されている。 The machine learning system 30 is composed of an AI (artificial intelligence) computer. The mobile communication terminal 6 and the machine learning system 30 can communicate with each other via a wireless or wired communication line 7. The machine learning system 30 includes a learning unit 31 and a determination unit 32. The learning unit 31 learns to determine the presence or absence of discoloration of the discolorable member from the learning image data including the image of the discolored member that has not been discolored or discolored, and generates the learned model 33. Specifically, for example, a discoloring member in the lock bolt end fixing device is extracted from a large number of tunnel wall surface learning image data, and whether or not the discoloring member, particularly the second discoloring material layer, is discolored is determined. Learn to judge. As the image data for learning, it is also possible to distinguish between a stone and a real rock bolt end fixing device by using the image data of the ground where stones having a shape and color similar to those of the rock bolt end fixing device are exposed. You may let them learn. In the image data of the ground, both the real lock bolt end fixing device and the stone may be shown, or the real lock bolt end fixing device may not be shown and only the stone may be shown.
As a result of learning, the learning model 33 with high accuracy is stored in the determination unit 32.

状態判断システム５によれば、次のようにして、地山２等の状態を判断できる。
ロックボルト４の設置工程後、現場点検者Ａが、携帯通信端末６のカメラ機能６ｃによって、トンネル壁面３ａを撮影する。これによって、施工中のトンネル壁面３ａの実画像データ６ｄが取得される。好ましくは、実画像データ６ｄには１又は複数のロックボルト端部４ａひいては変色性部材２０Ｂを含むロックボルト端部定着装置１０Ｂの画像が含まれている。トンネル壁面３ａの各所をスキャンするように撮影することで、多数の画像データ６ｄを取得してもよい。 According to the state determination system 5, the state of the ground 2 and the like can be determined as follows.
After the installation process of the lock bolt 4, the on-site inspector A takes a picture of the tunnel wall surface 3a by the camera function 6c of the mobile communication terminal 6. As a result, the actual image data 6d of the tunnel wall surface 3a under construction is acquired. Preferably, the actual image data 6d includes an image of the lock bolt end fixing device 10B including one or more lock bolt end portions 4a and thus the discoloring member 20B. A large number of image data 6d may be acquired by taking a picture so as to scan various parts of the tunnel wall surface 3a.

実画像データ６ｄは、携帯通信端末６から機械学習システム３０へ送信される。
機械学習システム３０においては、受信した実画像データ６ｄを判定部３２の学習済みモデル３３に入力して、該実画像データ６ｄ内の変色性部材２０Ｂの変色の有無を判定する。特に第２変色材層２２の変色を判定する。（なお、ロックボルト４の設置工程後であるために、第１変色材層２１は変色済である。）
判定結果は、機械学習システム３０から携帯通信端末６へ送信され、携帯通信端末６のディスプレイに表示される。判定結果を携帯通信端末６から音声出力してもよい。 The actual image data 6d is transmitted from the mobile communication terminal 6 to the machine learning system 30.
In the machine learning system 30, the received real image data 6d is input to the learned model 33 of the determination unit 32, and the presence or absence of discoloration of the discoloration member 20B in the real image data 6d is determined. In particular, the discoloration of the second discoloring material layer 22 is determined. (Because it is after the installation process of the lock bolt 4, the first discoloring material layer 21 has been discolored.)
The determination result is transmitted from the machine learning system 30 to the mobile communication terminal 6, and is displayed on the display of the mobile communication terminal 6. The determination result may be output by voice from the mobile communication terminal 6.

地山２が崩れようとしているときは、受圧板１１が地山２からの力によって変形され、変色性部材２０Ｂへの印加押圧力が第２押圧力以上になり、第２変色材層２２が変色される。該第２変色材層２２の変色が機械学習システム３０によって判定されて、判定結果が携帯通信端末６から報知される。これによって、現場点検者Ａは、地山２が崩れようとする兆候（地山の状態）を把握することができ、事前に適切な対応を行なうことができる。 When the ground 2 is about to collapse, the pressure receiving plate 11 is deformed by the force from the ground 2, the pressing force applied to the discoloring member 20B becomes equal to or higher than the second pressing force, and the second discoloring material layer 22 becomes It will be discolored. The discoloration of the second discoloring material layer 22 is determined by the machine learning system 30, and the determination result is notified from the mobile communication terminal 6. As a result, the on-site inspector A can grasp the sign (the state of the ground) that the ground 2 is about to collapse, and can take appropriate measures in advance.

本発明は、前記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の改変をなすことができる。
例えば、第２実施形態において、第１変色材層２１がナット１２側に配置され、第２変色材層２２が受圧板１１側に配置されていてもよい。変色材層２１，２２の厚みが同程度でもよい。変色性部材が、変色を起こす押圧力の大きさが互いに異なる変色材層を３つ以上含んでいてもよい。
第３実施形態（図３）において、学習部３１と判定部３２が異なるコンピュータによって構成されていてもよい。状態判断システム５は、学習部３１及び判定部３２のうち少なくとも判定部３２を有していればよい。学習部３１は、外部コンピュータによって構成されていてもよい。携帯通信端末６が、学習済みモデル３３をも有し、機械学習システム３０の判定部３２を兼ねていてもよい。
機械学習システム３０による判断結果は、現場点検者Ａの携帯通信端末６に送信されるだけでなく、地上の管理コンピュータにも送信されるようにしてもよい。
第３実施形態では、状態判断システム５によって、ロックボルト４の設置工程後の地山状態を判断していたが、ナット１２の締め付けトルクひいてはロックボルト４の張力状態を状態判断システム５によって判断してもよい。機械学習システム３０の学習部３１によって、変色性部材２０又は第１変色材層２１の変色を判定する学習済みモデル３３を生成し、該学習済みモデル３３を判定部３２に格納してもよい。
第３実施形態（図３）において、第２実施形態と同様のロックボルト端部定着装置１０Ｂを、第１実施形態と同様のロックボルト端部定着装置１０に置換してもよい。
ロックボルトは鏡ボルトであってもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the second embodiment, the first discoloring material layer 21 may be arranged on the nut 12 side, and the second discoloring material layer 22 may be arranged on the pressure receiving plate 11 side. The thickness of the discoloring material layers 21 and 22 may be about the same. The discoloring member may include three or more discoloring material layers having different magnitudes of pressing force causing discoloration.
In the third embodiment (FIG. 3), the learning unit 31 and the determination unit 32 may be configured by different computers. The state determination system 5 may include at least the determination unit 32 of the learning unit 31 and the determination unit 32. The learning unit 31 may be configured by an external computer. The mobile communication terminal 6 may also have the learned model 33 and also serve as the determination unit 32 of the machine learning system 30.
The determination result by the machine learning system 30 may be transmitted not only to the mobile communication terminal 6 of the site inspector A but also to the management computer on the ground.
In the third embodiment, the state determination system 5 determines the ground condition after the installation process of the lock bolt 4, but the state determination system 5 determines the tightening torque of the nut 12 and the tension state of the lock bolt 4. You may. The learning unit 31 of the machine learning system 30 may generate a learned model 33 for determining the discoloration of the discoloring member 20 or the first discoloring material layer 21, and store the learned model 33 in the determination unit 32.
In the third embodiment (FIG. 3), the lock bolt end fixing device 10B similar to the second embodiment may be replaced with the lock bolt end fixing device 10 similar to the first embodiment.
The lock bolt may be a mirror bolt.

本発明は、例えばＮＡＴＭ工法によるトンネル施工に適用できる。 The present invention can be applied to, for example, tunnel construction by the NATM method.

Ａ 現場点検者
１ トンネル
２ 地山
３ 吹付けコンクリート
３ａ トンネル壁面
４ ロックボルト
４ａ 突出端部
５ 状態判断システム
６ 携帯通信端末
６ｃ カメラ機能（撮影手段）
６ｄ 実画像データ
７ 通信回線
１０，１０Ｂ ロックボルト端部定着装置
１１ 受圧板
１１ｃ 挿通穴
１２ ナット
２０，２０Ｂ 変色性部材
２０ｃ 中心穴
２１ 第１変色材層
２２ 第２変色材層
３０ 機械学習システム
３１ 学習部
３２ 判定部 A On-site inspector 1 Tunnel 2 Ground 3 Sprayed concrete 3a Tunnel wall surface 4 Lock bolt 4a Protruding end 5 Condition judgment system 6 Mobile communication terminal 6c Camera function (shooting means)
6d Actual image data 7 Communication line 10, 10B Lock bolt end fixing device 11 Pressure receiving plate 11c Insertion hole 12 Nut 20, 20B Discoloring member 20c Center hole 21 First discoloring material layer 22 Second discoloring material layer 30 Machine learning system 31 Learning unit 32 Judgment unit

Claims (7)

トンネルの周辺の地山に打ち込まれたロックボルトにおけるトンネル内へ突出された突出端部をトンネル壁面に定着させるロックボルト端部定着装置であって、
前記突出端部を通す挿通穴を有して前記トンネル壁面に当接される受圧板と、
前記突出端部に螺合されたナットと、
前記受圧板と前記ナットとの間に挟まれ、押圧力に応じて変色される樹脂又はゴムからなる変色性部材と、
を備えたことを特徴とするロックボルト端部定着装置。 It is a lock bolt end fixing device that fixes the protruding end of the lock bolt driven into the ground around the tunnel to the tunnel wall surface.
A pressure receiving plate having an insertion hole through which the protruding end portion is passed and abutting against the tunnel wall surface,
With the nut screwed into the protruding end,
A discoloring member made of resin or rubber that is sandwiched between the pressure receiving plate and the nut and discolors according to the pressing force.
A lock bolt end fixing device characterized by being equipped with. 前記変色性部材が、変色を起こす押圧力の大きさが互いに異なる複数の変色材層を積層してなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のロックボルト端部定着装置。 The lock bolt end fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the discoloring member is formed by laminating a plurality of discoloring material layers having different amounts of pressing pressures that cause discoloration. 前記変色性部材が、前記ナットの締付トルクが規定以上となるときの第１押圧力で変色する第１変色材層と、前記第１変色材層に積層され、前記第１押圧力より高い第２押圧力で変色する第２変色材層とを含むことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のロックボルト端部定着装置。 The discoloring member is laminated on the first discoloring material layer and the first discoloring material layer, which are discolored by the first pressing force when the tightening torque of the nut becomes a specified value or more, and is higher than the first pressing pressure. The lock bolt end fixing device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a second discoloring material layer that discolors with a second pressing force. 前記第１変色材層が相対的に薄く、前記第２変色材層が相対的に厚いことを特徴とする請求項３に記載のロックボルト端部定着装置。 The lock bolt end fixing device according to claim 3, wherein the first discoloring material layer is relatively thin and the second discoloring material layer is relatively thick. 前記第２変色材層が、前記第１変色材層より前記ナットの側に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項３又は４に記載のロックボルト端部定着装置。 The lock bolt end fixing device according to claim 3, wherein the second discoloring material layer is arranged on the side of the nut from the first discoloring material layer. トンネルの周辺の地山に打ち込まれたロックボルトにおけるトンネル内へ突出された突出端部をロックボルト端部定着装置によってトンネル壁面に定着させる際に、
前記ロックボルト端部定着装置における、前記突出端部を通す挿通穴を有して前記トンネル壁面に当接される受圧板と、前記突出端部に螺合されたナットとの間に、押圧力に応じて変色される樹脂又はゴムからなる変色性部材を挟み、
前記変色性部材の色によって前記ロックボルトの張力又は地山の状態を判断することを特徴とするトンネルの状態判断方法。 When fixing the protruding end of the lock bolt driven into the ground around the tunnel to the tunnel wall surface by the lock bolt end fixing device.
In the lock bolt end fixing device, a pressing force is applied between a pressure receiving plate having an insertion hole through which the protruding end is passed and abutting against the tunnel wall surface and a nut screwed into the protruding end. A discolorable member made of resin or rubber that discolors according to the situation is sandwiched between the two.
A method for determining the state of a tunnel, which comprises determining the tension of the lock bolt or the state of the ground based on the color of the discoloring member. 変色性部材の画像を含む学習用画像データから前記変色の有無を機械学習システムに学習させて生成した学習済みモデルを用意し、
実際の施工中のトンネル壁面を撮影した実画像データを取得し、
前記学習済みモデルに前記実画像データを入力して前記実画像データ中の変色性部材の変色の有無を判定させることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の状態判断方法。 Prepare a trained model generated by having a machine learning system learn the presence or absence of the discoloration from the learning image data including the image of the discolorable member.
Acquire the actual image data of the tunnel wall surface during actual construction,
The state determination method according to claim 6, wherein the actual image data is input to the trained model to determine the presence or absence of discoloration of the discoloring member in the actual image data.
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