JP2021073876A - Weeder and weeding vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a weeder and a weeding vehicle which can apply damage to whole weeds regardless of shapes of leaves of weeds, for efficiently withering weeds.SOLUTION: A weeder 1 comprises: a fixture 11 comprising an opening 10 on a lower side thereof; an overheated steam jetting tool 13 which is fitted to an upper end part 12 of the fixture 11 to jet downward, an overheated steam; and a spray 15 which is fitted to a side face 14 on an outer peripheral side of the fixture 11 to jet an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution. A jetting hole 16 of the spray 15 is provided on a lower side of a jetting hole 17 of the overheated steam jetting tool 13, and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is jetted to an outside region 19 of a region 18 to which the overheated steam is jetted.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

The present invention relates to a weeding device and a weeding vehicle capable of efficiently weeding.

Until now, weeding machines using rotary blades have been widely used for weeding, but according to this, not only does the work take a long time, but also the work of collecting the cut vegetation is required. The physical burden on workers is heavy, and the risk of developing heat stroke due to work increases, especially in the summer when weeds tend to grow.
Patent Document 1 describes an example of a technique for solving a problem caused by using a mower using a rotary blade.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-239754

In Patent Document 1, water in a water storage tank is jetted into a mist to generate mist, heat is applied to the jetted mist to generate steam, and the generated steam is reheated. By ejecting the discharged superheated steam to the target region, weeds and the like are efficiently killed by utilizing the superheated steam.

In order to inject superheated steam onto weeds and kill the weeds efficiently, it is necessary that the superheated steam adheres evenly to the weeds and the thermal energy possessed by the superheated steam is supplied to the weeds. Is.

However, various types of weeds usually propagate irregularly, and the shape, hardness, size, and thickness of leaves vary widely. For plants with leaves with a large surface area, the effect of injecting superheated steam is considered to be large, but for plants with leaves with a narrow surface area and sharp shapes, the effect of superheated steam is limited. Is.

Further, when superheated steam is sprayed from above the weeds, steam adheres to the upper leaves, but it is difficult for steam to adhere to the leaves located below the weeds. If the upper leaves die, the stems of the weeds survive, so the supply of water and nutrients from the ground and the production of nutrients cannot be cut off, allowing the weeds to survive. Further, since the stem portion has a hard tissue, the effect of withering cannot be sufficiently obtained only by the superheated steam touching the surface thereof.

Under such circumstances, the thermal energy possessed by the superheated steam is not sufficiently supplied to the entire weed, and the weed cannot be killed efficiently. In addition, if the spraying time of superheated steam is lengthened in an attempt to enhance the mortality effect of superheated steam, the energy required to generate superheated steam increases, and the time required for the work also increases, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency. To do.

The present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and is a weeding device capable of efficiently killing weeds by damaging the entire weeds regardless of the shape of the leaves of the weeds. The purpose is to provide a weeding vehicle.

In order to solve the above problems, the weeding device of the present invention is a weeding device that injects superheated steam and an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution at the weeds, and is a fixture having an opening on the lower side. , A superheated steam injector that is mounted downward from the upper end of the fixture and injects superheated steam downward, and a superheated steam injector that is mounted on the outer peripheral side of the fixture and injects an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution onto the outer peripheral side of the fixture. It is equipped with a spray, and the injection port of the spray is located below the injection port of the superheated steam injector, and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is injected to the outer region of the region where the superheated steam is injected. And.

By injecting superheated steam downward to the weeds, the amount of heat possessed by the superheated steam causes large-scale overgrown weeds to wither, and by injecting an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution, the weeds have a hard structure. The acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is absorbed by the stem part, which can damage the leaves and the stem. Therefore, weeds cannot survive because the supply of water, the supply of nutrients, and the production of nutrients are cut off. In this way, the weeding function, which is insufficient only by large-scale spraying of superheated steam, can be supplemented by spraying an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution, and weeds can be killed over time.

In addition, the injection port of the spray is located below the injection port of the superheated steam injector, and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is injected into the outer region of the region where the superheated steam is injected, so that the superheated steam is a weed. The acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution can be applied to the part of the stem that exists at a relatively low position, whereas it is sprayed from a high position and is intended to be applied to the entire weed. The purpose of spraying can be clarified and each role related to weeding can be clarified.

Further, since the structure is such that the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is sprayed to the outer region of the region where the superheated steam is sprayed, even if the superheated steam and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution are sprayed at the same time, they intersect each other at the time of spraying. It is possible to accurately spray the object to be sprayed without any problem.

In the weeding apparatus of the present invention, the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution sprayed from the spray can be sprayed from directly below the spray port toward the outside of the fixture.

Since the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is sprayed toward the outside of the fixture from directly below the spray injection port, even if the superheated steam and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution are sprayed at the same time, they intersect each other at the time of spraying. It is possible to reliably spray the object to be sprayed without any problem.

In the weeding apparatus of the present invention, it can be assumed that the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added to the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution jetted from the spray.

Since the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution emits a peculiar odor, inhabitants may dislike this odor when weeding in a place close to the residential area. Under such circumstances, the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is neutralized by adding the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution sprayed from the spray, and the sodium acetate or formic acid aqueous solution is neutralized. Will be sprayed, which can prevent the generation of odor while damaging the weeds. Therefore, even when weeding in a place close to the residential area, the problem of odor does not occur, and weeding work in consideration of the living environment becomes possible. The odor can also be suppressed by adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution that weakens the concentration of the aqueous acetic acid solution or the aqueous formic acid solution.

In the weeding apparatus of the present invention, the amount of superheated steam injected from the superheated steam injector can be larger than that of the acetic acid aqueous solution or formic acid aqueous solution injected from the spray.

A large amount of superheated steam causes large-scale weeds to wither, and a smaller amount of acetic acid solution or formic acid solution is used to damage the leaves and stems and kill the weeds over time. Can be done.

In the weeding apparatus of the present invention, the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution sprayed from the spray can contain a spreading agent.

The spreading agent is a viscous liquid containing a surfactant as a main component, and by sprinkling the spreading agent in an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution, the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution can be widely applied to weeds. It will surely adhere, and the absorption of the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution to the weeds can be promoted, and the herbicidal effect can be enhanced.

The weeding vehicle of the present invention is characterized in that the weeding device of the present invention is attached.
By running a weeding vehicle equipped with a weeding device, weeds that grow in a wide area can be killed efficiently with good operability.

According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a weeding device and a weeding vehicle capable of damaging the entire weed and efficiently killing the weed regardless of the shape of the weed leaf.

It is a figure which shows the weeding vehicle which weeded device was attached. It is a figure which shows the appearance of the weeding apparatus. It is a figure explaining the arrangement situation of a superheated steam injector and a spray when FIG. 2 is seen from above. It is a figure which shows the state of the injection of the weeding apparatus by the cross-sectional view AA of FIG.

Hereinafter, the weeding apparatus and the weeding vehicle of the present invention will be described based on the embodiments thereof.
FIG. 1 shows a weeding vehicle equipped with a weeding device.
The weeding device 1 is attached to the boom device 3 of the weeding vehicle 2, and the height and angle of the weeding device 1 are adjusted by the operation of the boom device 3. The structure and operation of the weeding device 1 will be described in detail later.

The weeding vehicle 2 includes a carriage 4 and a traveling unit 5, and the traveling unit 5 is a crawler. As a result, it is possible to easily run on a slope or in a place where there is a step. A superheated steam generating unit 6, an acid aqueous solution tank 7, and a fuel tank 8 are arranged on the trolley 4, and the superheated steam generating unit 6 includes a water tank and a boiler, and is provided by the fuel supplied by the fuel tank 8. Superheated steam is generated. In addition, an operation seat 9 on which the operator sits is provided. The arrangement positions of the superheated steam generating unit 6, the acid aqueous solution tank 7, and the fuel tank 8 are not limited to those shown in FIG. 1, and can be appropriately changed depending on the situation.

FIG. 2 shows the appearance of the weeding apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 shows the arrangement state of the superheated steam injector and the spray when FIG. 2 is viewed from above. Further, FIG. 4 shows the state of injection of the weeding device by the cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

The weeding device 1 includes a fixture 11 having an opening 10 on the lower side, a superheated steam injector 13 which is mounted downward from the upper end portion 12 of the fixture 11 and injects superheated steam downward, and the fixture 11. It is attached to the outer peripheral side surface 14 and includes a spray 15 that sprays an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution onto the outer peripheral side of the fixture 11. The superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generating unit 6 is supplied to the superheated steam injector 13, and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is supplied to the spray 15 from the acid aqueous solution tank 7. The number of superheated steam injectors 13 and sprays 15 can be appropriately changed depending on the situation.

As shown in FIG. 4, the injection port 16 of the spray 15 is located below the injection port 17 of the superheated steam injector 13, and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the acetic acid aqueous solution or the outer region 19 of the region 18 where the superheated steam is injected is located. An aqueous solution of formic acid is sprayed.

Further, the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution ejected from the spray 15 is ejected toward the outside of the fixture 11 from directly below the injection port 16 of the spray 15.

By injecting superheated steam downward from the superheated steam injector 13 to the weeds, the large-scale overgrown weeds are withered by the amount of heat of the superheated steam, and an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution is injected from the spray 15. As a result, the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is absorbed by the part of the stem having the hard tissue of the weed, and the leaves and the stem can be damaged.

Therefore, weeds cannot survive because the supply of water, the supply of nutrients, and the production of nutrients are cut off. In this way, the weeding function, which is insufficient only by large-scale spraying of superheated steam, can be supplemented by spraying an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution, and weeds can be killed over time. In addition, it is possible to effectively obtain the killing effect even for plants having a narrow surface area and having sharp leaves, for which the killing effect is insufficient only by spraying superheated steam.

Further, the injection port 16 of the spray 15 is located below the injection port 17 of the superheated steam injector 13, and an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution is injected into the outer region 19 of the region 18 where the superheated steam is injected. Therefore, superheated steam is sprayed from a high position on the weeds for the purpose of spraying on the entire weeds, whereas the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution sprays the stem portion existing at a relatively low position. It can be targeted, the purpose of spraying can be clarified, and each role in weeding can be clarified.

Further, since the structure is such that the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is sprayed into the outer region 19 of the region 18 where the superheated steam is sprayed, even if the superheated steam and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution are sprayed at the same time, each other is sprayed. Can be accurately sprayed on the object to be sprayed without intersecting.

Since the amount of superheated steam injected from the superheated steam injector 13 is larger than that of the acetic acid aqueous solution or formic acid aqueous solution injected from the spray 15, a large amount of superheated steam causes large-scale overgrown weeds to wither, and this A smaller amount of aqueous acetic acid or formic acid solution can be used to damage the leaves and stems and kill the weeds over time.

The acetic acid aqueous solution or formic acid aqueous solution sprayed from the spray 15 contains a spreading agent. By containing the spreading agent in an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution and spraying it, the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution easily adheres to the weeds, promotes the absorption of the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution into the weeds, and enhances the herbicidal effect. be able to.

Further, depending on the situation of the spraying place, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution can be added to the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution jetted from the spray 15.

Since the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution emits a peculiar odor, inhabitants may dislike this odor when weeding in a place close to the residential area. Under such circumstances, the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution is neutralized by adding the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution sprayed from the spray, and the sodium acetate or formic acid aqueous solution is neutralized. Will be sprayed, which can prevent the generation of odor while damaging the weeds. Therefore, even when weeding in a place close to the residential area, the problem of odor does not occur, and weeding work in consideration of the living environment becomes possible. The odor can also be suppressed by adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution that weakens the concentration of the aqueous acetic acid solution or the aqueous formic acid solution.

In this way, if you want to prioritize the killing effect of weeds, spray an aqueous acetic acid solution or an aqueous solution of formic acid, and if you want to emphasize the suppression of odor, spray sodium acetate or sodium formate. Depending on the characteristics of the area, the spray can be selected.

As described above, in the present invention, when the spraying of superheated steam and the spraying of acetic acid aqueous solution or formic acid aqueous solution are combined, the spraying of superheated steam and the spraying of acetic acid aqueous solution or formic acid aqueous solution are performed by clarifying the respective spray targets. The purpose of this is clearly distinguished, and the device configuration can realize this.

If we try to kill weeds only by spraying superheated steam, the spraying time of superheated steam will increase, the energy required to generate superheated steam will increase, and the time required for work will also increase, resulting in work efficiency. However, the occurrence of such a situation can be prevented by combining the spraying of an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution. Further, even if an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution is sprayed, it does not adversely affect the natural environment and contributes to environmental conservation.

When the weeding vehicle 2 travels in the place where weeding should be performed, the weeding device 1 moves and the superheated steam and the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution are sprayed over a wide area. In the above description, it is assumed that the weeding device 1 is attached to the weeding vehicle 2, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the weeding device 1 may be attached to another device depending on the application.

In order to verify the herbicidal effect of spraying an aqueous acetic acid solution or an aqueous solution of formic acid, a demonstration experiment for comparison with the spraying of other acids will be described below.
Aqueous solutions of four kinds of acids, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid, were sprayed on the weeds using a spray, and the condition of the weeds was investigated on the day of spraying, 1 day after the spraying, and 7 days after the spraying. The pH of the aqueous acid solution used in the test was unified to 2. A spreading agent was used when spraying each acid.

There was no change on the day of spraying, but after one day, weeds began to die only in the area where acetic acid was sprayed, and no particular change was seen in the area where hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid were sprayed. There wasn't. In addition, after 7 days, weeds died only in the area where acetic acid was sprayed, and the state where there was no change was maintained in the area where hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid were sprayed.

Next, acetic acid and citric acid were sprayed on weeds using a spray with the same mass added per liter of water, and the condition of the weeds was investigated on the day of spraying and 6 days after spraying.

Since the degree of ionization of H + is a problem in pH, the degree of ionization of acetic acid is small at the same pH, and the amount of acetic acid added to 1 liter of water is large. Therefore, it is necessary to compare with the same mass per liter of water, and this experiment was conducted to clarify this. For both acetic acid and citric acid, 214 g was added per liter of water, and the pH of the acetic acid aqueous solution at this time was 2.

Looking at the condition of weeds 6 days after spraying, weeds are clearly dying in the acetic acid sprayed area, while weeds are slightly dead in the citric acid sprayed area. It was a situation. Thus, the superiority of acetic acid is clearly greater than that of citric acid, and it is clear that it is appropriate to use acetic acid.

Next, a test aimed at comparing acetic acid and formic acid will be described.
Three types of aqueous solution samples of acetic acid (214 g / L, pH 2), formic acid (214 g / L), and formic acid (23.0 g / L, pH 2) were prepared and sprayed on weeds using a spray. A required amount of spreading agent (dyne) was added in order to improve the liquid adhesion property to the leaves.

One day after spraying, the effect of formic acid at pH 2 on weeds was slightly small, but some effect was observed on acetic acid (214 g / L) at pH 2. However, in the tests on hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid conducted under the same pH conditions, at the same pH, no effect was observed due to the small concentration as an acid, and the comparison was made at the same pH as acetic acid. In this case, the mass of formic acid present in 1 L of the aqueous formic acid solution is about 1/10 of that of acetic acid, and it is naturally considered that the effect is small.

On the other hand, when the formic acid aqueous solution was the same as the acetic acid aqueous solution having a pH of 2, that is, 214 g / L, it was clarified that the effect of killing weeds similar to that of acetic acid was exhibited. From the above, formic acid, like acetic acid, has a remarkable effect of killing weeds, and it can be said that these carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group are substances suitable for the purpose of killing weeds.

After 7 days from the spraying, the effects of 214 g / L acetic acid and 214 g / L formic acid, which had a great effect from the first day, were not particularly different. On the other hand, the effect of formic acid at pH 2 is slightly more advanced than that on the first day, and the effect is close to that of acetic acid (214 g / L, pH 2) and formic acid (214 g / L). From this, it was clarified that when formic acid is used, the weight may be slightly reduced as compared with the mass of acetic acid added to 1 L of water.

Next, a test in which sodium hydroxide is added to acetic acid and sprayed will be described.
Two kinds of liquids, acetic acid (214 g / L, pH 2) and sodium acetate (214 g / L) prepared by adding sodium hydroxide to the acetic acid (214 g / L, pH 2), were sprayed on the weeds using a spray. A required amount of spreading agent (dyne) was added in order to improve the liquid adhesion property to the leaves.

This is because sodium acetate, which is neutralized with sodium hydroxide of acetic acid, is odorless, so in order to confirm the effect of killing weeds when sodium acetate is sprayed for the purpose of reducing the odor of acetic acid. I went there. Sodium acetate is used in food preservatives, pharmaceuticals, mediators, etc., and is considered to be usable as a herbicide.

One day after spraying, the effect began to appear, and although it was smaller than the effect of acetic acid, a predetermined effect was observed. Therefore, when it is considered that the odor of acetic acid is strong, the effect of killing weeds can be obtained while suppressing the odor by neutralizing or adding an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to the extent that the concentration of acetic acid is weakened.

After 7 days from spraying, the effect of sodium acetate is more remarkable than after 1 day. At the same mass concentration, the effect of sodium acetate is smaller than that of acetic acid, but a remarkable effect is obtained as time passes after spraying, so it is effective as a spraying agent when odor control is taken into consideration. It was proved that. Since this is considered to be the same for formic acid, it is considered that the same effect can be obtained by adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to formic acid.

The present invention can be widely used in weeding operations as a weeding device and a weeding vehicle capable of damaging the entire weed and efficiently killing the weed regardless of the shape of the weed leaf.

1 Weeding device 2 Weeding wheel 3 Boom device 4 Truck 5 Running part 6 Superheated steam generator 7 Acid aqueous solution tank 8 Fuel tank 9 Operation seat 10 Opening 11 Fixture 12 Upper end 13 Superheated steam injector 14 Outer side side 15 Spray 16 Spray injection port 17 Superheated steam injector injection port 18 Area where superheated steam is injected 19 Outer area

Claims (6)

It is a weeding device that injects superheated steam to weeds and also injects acetic acid aqueous solution or formic acid aqueous solution. It is attached to a fixture with an opening on the lower side and is attached downward from the upper end of the fixture to direct the superheated steam downward. It is equipped with a superheated steam injector that injects water and a spray that is attached to the outer peripheral side of the fixture and injects an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution onto the outer peripheral side of the fixture. A weeding device that is located below the mouth and is characterized in that an acetic acid aqueous solution or a formic acid aqueous solution is injected into an outer region of a region where superheated steam is injected. The weeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution jetted from the spray is sprayed toward the outside of the fixture from directly below the spray port. The weeding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added to the aqueous acetic acid solution or the aqueous formic acid solution jetted from the spray. The weeding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of superheated steam injected from the superheated steam injector is larger than that of the acetic acid aqueous solution or formic acid aqueous solution injected from the spray. The weeding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the acetic acid aqueous solution or the formic acid aqueous solution jetted from the spray contains a spreading agent. A weeding vehicle characterized in that the weeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is attached.

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