JP2021051862A - Cell system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、電池システムに関する。 The present disclosure relates to a battery system.
二次電池、燃料電池等の単電池を複数個積層した積層電池を備える電池システムは、電気容量が大きく、かつ高電圧が要求される電気自動車等のエネルギー源として利用されつつある。
従来の電池システム、特に車載用の電池システム等においては、単電池同士の振動・衝撃などによる位置ズレ防止、または電池の寿命・出力性能確保等の観点から、単電池を積層した積層電池に、エンドプレートや拘束圧保持部材等の拘束部材を配置し、当該積層電池に拘束圧をかけて使用している。
A battery system including a laminated battery in which a plurality of single batteries such as a secondary battery and a fuel cell are stacked is being used as an energy source for an electric vehicle or the like having a large electric capacity and a high voltage.
In conventional battery systems, especially in-vehicle battery systems, from the viewpoint of preventing misalignment due to vibration and shock between cells, or ensuring battery life and output performance, a laminated battery in which cells are stacked is used. A restraint member such as an end plate or a restraint pressure holding member is arranged, and the laminated battery is used by applying the restraint pressure.
特許文献１には、複数の電池電槽が積層された電池スタックを積層方向に拘束する電池スタックの拘束手段として小型バネが開示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a small spring as a means for restraining a battery stack in which a plurality of battery battery tanks are stacked in the stacking direction.
特許文献２には、複数個の単電池を積層した積層体を備え、前記積層体の充放電を制御する充放電制御部と、前記積層体の積層方向両端部の少なくともいずれか一方の端部に配置され、前記積層体の積層方向の圧力を調整する圧力調整電池と、前記圧力調整電池の充放電を制御する圧力調整制御部と、を備える電池システムが開示されている。 Patent Document 2 includes a laminated body in which a plurality of single batteries are laminated, and has a charge / discharge control unit that controls charging / discharging of the laminated body and at least one end of both ends of the laminated body in the stacking direction. Disclosed is a battery system including a pressure adjusting battery for adjusting the pressure in the stacking direction of the laminated body and a pressure adjusting control unit for controlling charging and discharging of the pressure adjusting battery.
特許文献３には、複数個の単電池の積層体を含む組電池において、積層方向に加わる締結荷重（拘束圧力）を変える締結荷重可変手段としてピエゾ素子を備えることで、経年劣化等で締結荷重が変化した際に、その変化に応じて積層体の締結荷重を調整することができる組電池が開示されている。 Patent Document 3 provides a piezo element as a fastening load variable means for changing the fastening load (constraining pressure) applied in the stacking direction in an assembled battery including a laminated body of a plurality of cells, so that the fastening load is deteriorated over time or the like. Disclosed is an assembled battery capable of adjusting the fastening load of the laminated body according to the change.
特許文献４には、電池スタックの抵抗値に応じて拘束圧力を付加する圧力付加手段を備える非水電解液二次電池システムが開示されている。圧力付加手段として、電流を印加してモーターを駆動することで拘束板を移動させる方法が記載されている。 Patent Document 4 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery system including a pressure applying means for applying a restraining pressure according to a resistance value of a battery stack. As a pressure applying means, a method of moving a restraint plate by applying an electric current to drive a motor is described.
しかし、特許文献１に開示されているような、電池の膨張収縮に耐えられるように拘束手段としてバネを用いると、大型のバネを用いる必要があり、電池のエネルギー密度が低下するという問題がある。
本開示は上記実情を鑑みて成し遂げられたものであり、本開示の目的は、エネルギー密度が高い電池システムを提供することである。
However, if a spring is used as a restraining means so as to withstand the expansion and contraction of the battery as disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to use a large spring, and there is a problem that the energy density of the battery is lowered. ..
The present disclosure has been accomplished in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery system having a high energy density.
本開示の電池システムは、複数個の単電池を積層した積層電池、
前記積層電池の積層方向両端部の少なくともいずれか一方の端部に電圧及び／又は電流を印加することにより体積が変化するソフトアクチュエーター、
前記ソフトアクチュエーターに電圧及び／又は電流を印加する電圧／電流印加手段、及び、
前記電圧／電流印加手段が前記ソフトアクチュエーターに印加する電圧及び／又は電流を前記積層電池の充放電に伴う体積変化量に基づいて制御する制御装置を備えることを特徴とする。
The battery system of the present disclosure is a laminated battery in which a plurality of single batteries are laminated.
A soft actuator whose volume changes by applying a voltage and / or current to at least one end of both ends of the laminated battery in the stacking direction.
A voltage / current applying means for applying a voltage and / or a current to the soft actuator, and
The voltage / current applying means includes a control device that controls the voltage and / or current applied to the soft actuator based on the amount of volume change associated with the charging / discharging of the laminated battery.
本開示によればエネルギー密度が高い電池システムを提供することができる。 According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a battery system having a high energy density.
本開示の電池システムは、複数個の単電池を積層した積層電池、
前記積層電池の積層方向両端部の少なくともいずれか一方の端部に電圧及び／又は電流を印加することにより体積が変化するソフトアクチュエーター、
前記ソフトアクチュエーターに電圧及び／又は電流を印加する電圧／電流印加手段、及び、
前記電圧／電流印加手段が前記ソフトアクチュエーターに印加する電圧及び／又は電流を前記積層電池の充放電に伴う体積変化量に基づいて制御する制御装置を備えることを特徴とする。
The battery system of the present disclosure is a laminated battery in which a plurality of single batteries are laminated.
A soft actuator whose volume changes by applying a voltage and / or current to at least one end of both ends of the laminated battery in the stacking direction.
A voltage / current applying means for applying a voltage and / or a current to the soft actuator, and
The voltage / current applying means includes a control device that controls the voltage and / or current applied to the soft actuator based on the amount of volume change associated with the charging / discharging of the laminated battery.
本開示では、膨張収縮する単電池を複数個積層した積層電池の積層方向両端部の少なくともいずれか一方の端部に、電圧及び／又は電流を印加することにより体積が変化するソフトアクチュエーターを設置する。ソフトアクチュエーターは小型であっても、十分に積層電池の膨張収縮に追随するように体積変化が可能なため、電池システムの小型化が可能であり、電池システムのエネルギー密度を向上させることができる。
また、ソフトアクチュエーターの膨張収縮率をコントロールすることで、積層電池内の内圧を最適値に保ち、積層電池の充放電効率と寿命を向上させることができる。
In the present disclosure, a soft actuator whose volume is changed by applying a voltage and / or a current is installed at at least one end of both ends in the stacking direction of a laminated battery in which a plurality of expansion and contraction cells are stacked. .. Even if the soft actuator is small, its volume can be changed so as to sufficiently follow the expansion and contraction of the laminated battery, so that the battery system can be miniaturized and the energy density of the battery system can be improved.
Further, by controlling the expansion / contraction rate of the soft actuator, the internal pressure in the laminated battery can be maintained at an optimum value, and the charge / discharge efficiency and the life of the laminated battery can be improved.
図１は、本開示の電池システムの一例を示す模式図である。
図１に示す電池システムは、複数個の単電池を積層した積層電池と当該積層電池の上端部に絶縁体とさらにその上端部にソフトアクチュエーターを備える。ソフトアクチュエーターには電圧及び／又は電流印加手段が接続され、図示しない制御装置にて、電圧及び／又は電流印加手段がソフトアクチュエーターに印加する電圧及び／又は電流が制御される。
ソフトアクチュエーターに電圧及び／又は電流を印加して、積層電池の充放電に伴う膨張収縮に追随してソフトアクチュエーターの体積を変化させることで、積層電池内の内圧を最適値に保つ。
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of the battery system of the present disclosure.
The battery system shown in FIG. 1 includes a laminated battery in which a plurality of single batteries are stacked, an insulator at the upper end of the laminated battery, and a soft actuator at the upper end thereof. A voltage and / or current applying means is connected to the soft actuator, and a control device (not shown) controls the voltage and / or current applied to the soft actuator by the voltage and / or current applying means.
By applying a voltage and / or current to the soft actuator to change the volume of the soft actuator in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the laminated battery due to charging and discharging, the internal pressure inside the laminated battery is maintained at an optimum value.
図２は、本開示の電池システムの別の一例を示す模式図である。
図２に示す電池システムは、複数個の単電池を積層した積層電池と当該積層電池の上下両端部に絶縁体とさらにその上下両端部にソフトアクチュエーターを備える。各ソフトアクチュエーターには電圧及び／又は電流印加手段が接続され、図示しない制御装置にて、電圧及び／又は電流印加手段がソフトアクチュエーターに印加する電圧及び／又は電流が制御される。
上下のソフトアクチュエーターに電圧及び／又は電流を印加して、積層電池の充放電に伴う膨張収縮に追随するようにソフトアクチュエーターの体積を変化させることで、積層電池内の内圧を最適値に保つことができる。また、積層電池の上下にソフトアクチュエーターを備えると、積層電池の位置変動を抑制するように、上下のソフトアクチュエーターの体積変化量を調整することが可能となる。積層電池の位置の変動を抑制できると、積層電池内の単電池や単電池を構成する電池要素の位置変動の繰り返しによる劣化を抑制できる。
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the battery system of the present disclosure.
The battery system shown in FIG. 2 includes a laminated battery in which a plurality of single batteries are laminated, insulators at both upper and lower ends of the laminated battery, and soft actuators at both upper and lower ends thereof. A voltage and / or current applying means is connected to each soft actuator, and a control device (not shown) controls the voltage and / or current applied to the soft actuator by the voltage and / or current applying means.
By applying voltage and / or current to the upper and lower soft actuators to change the volume of the soft actuators so as to follow the expansion and contraction of the laminated battery due to charging and discharging, the internal pressure inside the laminated battery is maintained at the optimum value. Can be done. Further, if soft actuators are provided above and below the laminated battery, it is possible to adjust the volume change amount of the upper and lower soft actuators so as to suppress the position fluctuation of the laminated battery. If the fluctuation of the position of the laminated battery can be suppressed, the deterioration due to the repeated position fluctuation of the cell and the battery elements constituting the cell in the laminated battery can be suppressed.
単電池の種類は、二次電池、燃料電池等の発電体等であれば特に限定されず、二次電池としては、液電池、全固体電池等の従来公知の電池を用いることができる。なお、全固体電池は、正極活物質を含む正極と固体電解質層と負極活物質を含む負極で構成されるものであってもよい。単電池の形状は特に限定されず、ラミネート型、角型缶等が挙げられる。
また、単電池の個数は特に限定されるものではなく、２〜５０個であってもよい。
The type of the cell is not particularly limited as long as it is a generator such as a secondary battery or a fuel cell, and as the secondary battery, a conventionally known battery such as a liquid battery or an all-solid-state battery can be used. The all-solid-state battery may be composed of a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material. The shape of the cell is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a laminated type and a square can.
The number of cells is not particularly limited, and may be 2 to 50.
本開示において用いられる単電池の負極に含まれる負極活物質として例示される材料のそれぞれの完全放電状態と満充電状態の構造とそれぞれの充電時の体積膨張量を、充放電時に負極内で移動するＬｉイオン１ｍｏｌ当たりの体積（ｃｍ３／Ｆｄ）として、表１に例示する。
なお、負極活物質の体積膨張量は、１Ｆｄの充電、すなわち１ｍｏｌのＬｉイオンの移動、すなわち９６４８５クーロンの充電で、完全放電状態から満充電状態になったと仮定し、完全放電状態と満充電状態の負極活物質の分子量とそれぞれの密度から求めることができる（特開２０１４−０２９７９１号公報参照）。
The structure of each of the materials exemplified as the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode of the cell used in the present disclosure in the fully discharged state and the fully charged state, and the volume expansion amount at the time of each charging are moved in the negative electrode at the time of charging / discharging. The volume per 1 mol of Li ion (cm 3 / Fd) is illustrated in Table 1.
It should be noted that the volume expansion amount of the negative electrode active material is assumed to be from a fully discharged state to a fully charged state by charging 1 Fd, that is, moving 1 mol of Li ions, that is, charging 96485 coulons, and is in a fully discharged state and a fully charged state. It can be obtained from the molecular weight of the negative electrode active material and the respective densities (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-0297991).
本開示において用いられる単電池の正極に含まれる正極活物質として例示される材料のそれぞれの完全放電状態と満充電状態の構造とそれぞれの充電時の体積収縮量を、充放電時に正極内で移動するＬｉイオン１ｍｏｌ当たりの体積（ｃｍ３／Ｆｄ）として、表２に例示する。
なお、正極活物質の体積収縮量は、１Ｆｄの充電、すなわち１ｍｏｌのＬｉイオンの移動、すなわち９６４８５クーロンの充電で、完全放電状態から満充電状態になったと仮定し、完全放電状態と満充電状態の正極活物質の分子量とそれぞれの密度から求めることができる。
The structure of each of the materials exemplified as the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode of the cell used in the present disclosure in the fully discharged state and the fully charged state, and the volume shrinkage amount at the time of each charging are moved in the positive electrode at the time of charging / discharging. The volume per 1 mol of Li ion (cm 3 / Fd) is illustrated in Table 2.
The volume shrinkage of the positive electrode active material is assumed to be from a fully discharged state to a fully charged state by charging 1 Fd, that is, moving 1 mol of Li ions, that is, charging 96485 coulombs, and is in a fully discharged state and a fully charged state. It can be obtained from the molecular weight of the positive electrode active material and the respective densities.
ソフトアクチュエーターとしては、電圧及び／又は電流を印加することにより体積が変化するものであれば積層電池内の内圧を最適値に保つことができるため特に限定されず、人工筋肉の材料として用いられる材料であってもよく、例えば、ポリアミド（ＰＡ）、ポリパラフェニレン（ＰＰＰ）、ポリパラフェニレンビニレン（ＰＰＶ）、ポリピロール（ＰＰｙ）、ポリチオフェン、及びポリアニリン（ＰＡＮＩ）等の導電性高分子、ポリフェニレンサルファイト（ＰＦＳ）等のイオン導電性高分子、誘電エラストマー、ポリ塩化ビニル（ＰＶＣ）ゲル、並びに、カーボンナノチューブ等が挙げられる。
ソフトアクチュエーターとしては、電池システムの小型化、軽量化の観点から、導電性高分子であってもよく、導電性高分子は、例えば、１％から４０％の膨張収縮率を有するものがあり、比較的安価である。
ソフトアクチュエーターは、電圧及び／又は電流が印加される電極部を有していてもよい。
The soft actuator is not particularly limited as long as the volume changes by applying a voltage and / or current, because the internal pressure in the laminated battery can be maintained at an optimum value, and is a material used as a material for artificial muscles. It may be, for example, a conductive polymer such as polyamide (PA), polyparaphenylene (PPP), polyparaphenylene vinylene (PPV), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene, and polyaniline (PANI), polyphenylene sulfide. Examples thereof include ionic conductive polymers such as (PFS), dielectric elastomers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels, and carbon nanotubes.
The soft actuator may be a conductive polymer from the viewpoint of miniaturization and weight reduction of the battery system, and the conductive polymer may have, for example, an expansion / contraction rate of 1% to 40%. It is relatively inexpensive.
The soft actuator may have an electrode portion to which a voltage and / or a current is applied.
ソフトアクチュエーターの材料と厚さは積層電池の体積変化量に応じて選択してもよい。例えば、１．５Ｖの電圧印加により２０％膨張収縮する導電性高分子のソフトアクチュエーターを適用する場合、厚さ１ｍｍのソフトアクチュエーターにマイナスの電気をかけることで厚さ０．８ｍｍに収縮し、プラスの電気をかけることで厚さ１．２ｍｍに膨張する。よって、例えば厚さ６ｍｍの空隙を埋めるためには、収縮状態で厚さ１２ｍｍのアクチュエーターを積層電池の上端部または下端部に設置してもよい。
ソフトアクチュエーターの形状としては、例えば、膜状、及びドーナツ状等の形状であってもよく、ソフトアクチュエーターの構造としては、積層電池の厚み方向（単電池の膨張収縮と同じ方向）に膨張収縮する構造等が挙げられる。
ソフトアクチュエーターは、複数個の単電池を積層した積層電池の積層方向両端部の少なくともいずれか一方の端部に配置されていればよい。積層電池の位置変動を抑制して、積層電池を構成する単電池や単電池を構成する電池要素の位置変動による劣化を防止する観点では、積層電池の積層方向両端部に設置してもよい。
The material and thickness of the soft actuator may be selected according to the amount of change in the volume of the laminated battery. For example, when applying a conductive polymer soft actuator that expands and contracts by 20% when a voltage of 1.5 V is applied, the soft actuator with a thickness of 1 mm is contracted to a thickness of 0.8 mm by applying negative electricity, and the thickness is increased. It expands to a thickness of 1.2 mm by applying electricity. Therefore, for example, in order to fill a gap having a thickness of 6 mm, an actuator having a thickness of 12 mm may be installed at the upper end or the lower end of the laminated battery in a contracted state.
The shape of the soft actuator may be, for example, a film shape or a donut shape, and the structure of the soft actuator expands and contracts in the thickness direction of the laminated battery (the same direction as the expansion and contraction of the single battery). The structure and the like can be mentioned.
The soft actuator may be arranged at at least one end of both ends in the stacking direction of a laminated battery in which a plurality of cells are stacked. From the viewpoint of suppressing the position fluctuation of the laminated battery and preventing the deterioration due to the position fluctuation of the cell and the battery element constituting the cell, the laminated battery may be installed at both ends in the stacking direction.
ソフトアクチュエーターと積層電池の積層方向端部との間には絶縁体が設置されていてもよい。絶縁体は、必要最小限の膜厚によってソフトアクチュエーターと積層電池との間の電通を防止できればよく、例えば電気二重層キャパシタなどで使用されるセパレータ膜が使用でき、絶縁体の膜厚は例えば１６μｍ〜２０μｍであってもよい。ソフトアクチュエーター自体が、ソフトアクチュエーターと積層電池との間の電通を防止できる材料で構成されている場合は、電池システムのエネルギー密度向上の観点から、絶縁体は必ずしも設置する必要はない。 An insulator may be installed between the soft actuator and the end in the stacking direction of the laminated battery. As the insulator, it is sufficient that the electric current between the soft actuator and the laminated battery can be prevented by the minimum necessary film thickness. For example, a separator film used in an electric double layer capacitor or the like can be used, and the film thickness of the insulator is, for example, 16 μm. It may be ~ 20 μm. If the soft actuator itself is made of a material that can prevent electrical communication between the soft actuator and the laminated battery, it is not always necessary to install an insulator from the viewpoint of improving the energy density of the battery system.
電池システムは、ソフトアクチュエーターを膨張収縮させるためにソフトアクチュエーターに電圧及び／又は電流を印加する電圧／電流印加手段を備える。ソフトアクチュエーターは、電圧／電流印加手段と配線等により連結されていてもよい。
電圧／電流印加手段は、ソフトアクチュエーターに電圧及び／又は電流を印加するものであれば特に限定されず、公知の電源等を用いることができる。
ソフトアクチュエーターの膨張収縮は、電圧／電流印加手段によって、ソフトアクチュエーターにプラスの電気をかけると膨張し、マイナスの電気をかけると収縮することを利用して制御することができる。この時の動作電圧は、例えばソフトアクチュエーターとして、導電性高分子を用いた場合は１．５Ｖ程度である。
The battery system comprises voltage / current applying means for applying voltage and / or current to the soft actuator to expand and contract the soft actuator. The soft actuator may be connected to the voltage / current applying means by wiring or the like.
The voltage / current applying means is not particularly limited as long as it applies a voltage and / or current to the soft actuator, and a known power source or the like can be used.
The expansion and contraction of the soft actuator can be controlled by utilizing the fact that the soft actuator expands when positive electricity is applied and contracts when negative electricity is applied by the voltage / current application means. The operating voltage at this time is, for example, about 1.5 V when a conductive polymer is used as the soft actuator.
電池システムは、電圧／電流印加手段が前記ソフトアクチュエーターに印加する電圧及び／又は電流を積層電池の充放電に伴う体積変化量に基づいて制御する制御装置を備える。
制御装置によって電圧／電流印加手段によるソフトアクチュエーターへの電圧及び／又は電流の印加のＯＮ／ＯＦＦの切り替え並びに電圧及び／又は電流の大きさが制御され、印加する電圧及び／又は電流の制御は積層電池の充放電に伴う体積変化量に基づいて制御される。
制御装置は、電圧／電流印加手段と配線等により連結されていてもよい。
The battery system includes a control device that controls the voltage and / or current applied by the voltage / current applying means to the soft actuator based on the amount of volume change associated with the charging and discharging of the laminated battery.
The control device controls the ON / OFF switching of the voltage and / or current application to the soft actuator by the voltage / current application means and the magnitude of the voltage and / or current, and the control of the applied voltage and / or current is laminated. It is controlled based on the amount of volume change that accompanies the charging and discharging of the battery.
The control device may be connected to the voltage / current applying means by wiring or the like.
電池システムは、ソフトアクチュエーターの膨張収縮の制御に高い精度を要する場合は、さらに、積層電池の体積変化を検知するモニターと、積層電池の充放電容量に基づいて積層電池の体積変化量を算出するＳＯＣ演算ソフトとを有するバッテリーマネジメントシステム（ＢＭＳ）を備えていてもよい。モニターとＳＯＣ演算ソフトとは、信号配線によって接続されており、モニターからの信号に応じて、ＳＯＣ演算ソフトが積層電池の体積変化量を算出してもよい。ＢＭＳは、一般的に電圧監視、ＳＯＣ演算、絶縁抵抗検知、電流検知、温度調整制御等の機能を備えるものであってもよい。
制御装置は、ＢＭＳと配線等により連結されていてもよい。
When the battery system requires high accuracy in controlling the expansion and contraction of the soft actuator, the battery system further calculates the volume change amount of the laminated battery based on the monitor that detects the volume change of the laminated battery and the charge / discharge capacity of the laminated battery. A battery management system (BMS) having SOC calculation software may be provided. The monitor and the SOC calculation software are connected by signal wiring, and the SOC calculation software may calculate the volume change amount of the laminated battery according to the signal from the monitor. The BMS may generally have functions such as voltage monitoring, SOC calculation, insulation resistance detection, current detection, and temperature adjustment control.
The control device may be connected to the BMS by wiring or the like.
図３は、本開示の電池システムのシステム構成の一例を示す図である。
図３に示すように、ＢＭＳのモニターが積層電池の体積変化を検知し、ＳＯＣ演算ソフトがモニターから送られてきた情報から積層電池の体積変化量を算出し、制御装置がＳＯＣ演算ソフトによって算出された積層電池の体積変化量からソフトアクチュエーターに印加する電圧及び／又は電流の大きさを決定し、電圧／電流印加手段によりソフトアクチュエーターに電圧及び／又は電流を印加することで、ソフトアクチュエーターの膨張・収縮を制御し積層電池の内圧を最適値に保つことができる。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the system configuration of the battery system of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIG. 3, the BMS monitor detects the volume change of the laminated battery, the SOC calculation software calculates the volume change amount of the laminated battery from the information sent from the monitor, and the control device calculates it by the SOC calculation software. The magnitude of the voltage and / or current applied to the soft actuator is determined from the volume change amount of the laminated battery, and the voltage and / or current is applied to the soft actuator by the voltage / current applying means to expand the soft actuator. -The shrinkage can be controlled and the internal pressure of the laminated battery can be maintained at the optimum value.
Claims (1)
前記積層電池の積層方向両端部の少なくともいずれか一方の端部に電圧及び／又は電流を印加することにより体積が変化するソフトアクチュエーター、
前記ソフトアクチュエーターに電圧及び／又は電流を印加する電圧／電流印加手段、及び、
前記電圧／電流印加手段が前記ソフトアクチュエーターに印加する電圧及び／又は電流を前記積層電池の充放電に伴う体積変化量に基づいて制御する制御装置を備えることを特徴とする電池システム。 Laminated batteries in which multiple cells are stacked,
A soft actuator whose volume changes by applying a voltage and / or current to at least one end of both ends of the laminated battery in the stacking direction.
A voltage / current applying means for applying a voltage and / or a current to the soft actuator, and
A battery system comprising a control device that controls a voltage and / or current applied to the soft actuator by the voltage / current applying means based on a volume change amount associated with charging / discharging of the laminated battery.
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| JP2019173004A JP2021051862A (en) | 2019-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | Cell system |
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| JP2019173004A JP2021051862A (en) | 2019-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | Cell system |
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