JP2021041565A - Method of producing laminate - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a laminate excellent in alkali resistance and interlayer adhesiveness under a high-temperature and to provide a method for producing a laminate excellent in alkali resistance and interlayer adhesiveness under a high-temperature.SOLUTION: There is provided a method for producing a laminate in which an uncrosslinked laminate having a layer of a first composition comprising a specific fluorine-containing elastic polymer, a crosslinking agent and a crosslinking auxiliary agent and a layer of a second composition comprising a non-fluorine elastic polymer, a crosslinking agent and optionally a crosslinking auxiliary agent is produced and then the first composition and the second composition are crosslinked to produce a laminate having a first layer composed of a crosslinked product of the first composition and a second layer composed of a crosslinked product of the second composition, wherein a crosslinking time when the first composition and the second composition are crosslinked is 10 min or more and a value X calculated by X=D2+T2 (provided that D is a crosslinking temperature [°C] and T is a crosslinking time [min]) is 14000 to 100000.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a laminate.

Fluororubber has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, oil resistance, weather resistance, etc., and is therefore suitable for use in harsh environments where general-purpose rubber cannot be applied.
Examples of the fluororubber include a crosslinked product (FKM) of a copolymer having a unit based on vinylidene fluoride and a unit based on hexafluoropropylene, and a copolymer having a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on propylene. Crosslinked products (FEPM), copolymer crosslinked products (FFKM) having units based on tetrafluoroethylene and units based on perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and the like are known.

Since fluororubber is generally expensive, a laminate in which fluororubber and non-fluororubber are laminated has been proposed (Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses a rubber laminate obtained by vulcanizing and adhering a vulcanizable rubber composition composed of a fluororubber and a quaternary ammonium salt derivative of triazinethiol and a vulcanizable rubber composition other than fluororubber. ing.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-320453

However, the rubber laminate described in the examples of Patent Document 1 is a rubber laminate of FKM and non-fluororubber, and has insufficient alkali resistance. Therefore, the rubber laminate described in the examples of Patent Document 1 is not suitable for use in a usage environment under high alkali such as a rubber hose for fuel for automobiles.

In general, fluororubbers such as FEPM and FFKM are superior in alkali resistance to FKM. However, according to the present inventor, in order to improve the alkali resistance, the laminate obtained by laminating FEPM or FFKM and non-fluororubber has reduced adhesiveness between each layer, that is, interlayer adhesiveness, and has a high temperature of about 150 ° C. It was found that peeling may occur at the interface of each layer below.

The present invention provides a method for producing a laminate having excellent alkali resistance and interlayer adhesion under high temperature, and a laminate having excellent alkali resistance and interlayer adhesion under high temperature.

The present invention has the following aspects.
[1] A fluoropolymer composed of a copolymer having a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on propylene or a copolymer having a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether). An uncrosslinked laminate having a layer of a first composition containing a cross-linking agent and a cross-linking aid, and a layer of a second composition containing a non-fluoroelastic polymer, a cross-linking agent, and optionally a cross-linking aid. Manufacture the body, then
The first composition and the second composition are crosslinked to form a first layer composed of a crosslinked product of the first composition and a second layer composed of a crosslinked product of the second composition. It is a manufacturing method of a laminated body having
A method for producing a laminate, wherein the cross-linking time when the first composition and the second composition are cross-linked is 10 minutes or more, and the value X calculated by the following formula 1 is 14,000 to 100,000.
X = D ² + T ² ... Equation 1
However, D is the cross-linking temperature [° C.], and T is the cross-linking time [min].
[2] The method for producing a laminate according to [1], wherein the second composition further contains a cross-linking aid, and the first composition and the second composition contain a common cross-linking aid. ..
[3] The absolute value of the difference between the SP value of the fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the first composition and the SP value of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the second composition is 0 to 5. The method for producing a laminate according to [1] or [2].
[4] The degree of cross-linking calculated by the following formula 3 of the first composition is 5 to 150.
The method for producing a laminate according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the degree of cross-linking of the second composition is 5 to 300.
Degree of cross-linking = MH-ML ・ ・ ・ Equation 3
However, MH is the maximum value of torque when a cross-linking test is performed with a cross-linking characteristic measuring instrument (RPA).
[5] The method for producing a laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the cross-linking agent in the first composition and the second composition are both organic peroxides.

According to the present invention, a laminate having excellent alkali resistance and interlayer adhesion under high temperature can be obtained.

The meanings of the following terms in the present specification are as follows.
By "monomer" is meant a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond. Examples of the polymerizable unsaturated bond include a double bond and a triple bond between carbon atoms.
The "unit based on a monomer" is a general term for an atomic group directly formed by polymerizing one molecule of a monomer and an atomic group obtained by chemically converting a part of the atomic group. .. A "monomer-based unit" is also referred to as a "monomer unit". A unit based on a specific monomer may be described by adding a "unit" to the name or abbreviation of the specific monomer. For example, tetrafluoroethylene is abbreviated as "TFE", and a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene is also referred to as "TFE unit".
The “storage shear modulus G'” is a value measured at a temperature of 100 ° C., an amplitude of 0.5 ° C., and a frequency of 50 times / min according to ASTM D5289 and D6204.
The "ethery oxygen atom" is an oxygen atom existing once between carbon atoms.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, an uncrosslinked laminate having a layer of a first composition described later and a layer of a second composition described later is produced, and then the first composition and the first composition are produced. This is a method for producing a laminate having a first layer and a second layer by cross-linking the composition of 2. Here, the first layer is made of a crosslinked product of the first composition, and the second layer is made of a crosslinked product of the second composition.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the first composition is a copolymer having a TFE unit and a unit based on propylene described later (hereinafter, also referred to as copolymer 1) or a TFE unit and perfluoro (hereinafter, also referred to as copolymer 1). It contains a fluoroelastic polymer composed of a copolymer having a unit based on (alkyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter, also referred to as PAVE) (hereinafter, also referred to as copolymer 2), a cross-linking agent, and a cross-linking aid. The composition of the above contains a non-fluoroelastic polymer described later and a cross-linking agent, and optionally contains a cross-linking aid.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the cross-linking time when the first composition and the second composition are cross-linked is 10 min or more, and the value X calculated by the following formula 1 is 14,000 to 100,000. is there.
X = D ² + T ² ... Equation 1
However, D is the cross-linking temperature [° C.], and T is the cross-linking time [min].
When the first composition and the second composition are crosslinked, the crosslinking time is 10 min or more, and the value X calculated by the above formula 1 is 14,000 to 100,000. The cross-linking reaction of the composition 2 has proceeded sufficiently, and the first layer and the second layer in the laminate produced from the first composition and the second composition form a sufficient number of primary bonds. Therefore, the laminate of the present invention is excellent in interlayer adhesion.

The cross-linking time in the present invention is 10 min or more, preferably 10 min to 24 h, more preferably 13 min to 12 h, further preferably 13 min to 5 h, and particularly preferably 13 min to 110 min.
When the cross-linking time is 10 min or more, the cross-linking reaction between the first composition and the second composition proceeds sufficiently. When the cross-linking time is 24 hours or less, the mechanical properties of the laminate of the present invention are excellent.
The cross-linking time is the time from the time when the cross-linking is started to the time when the cross-linking is completed. "From the time when the cross-linking is started to the time when the cross-linking is completed" means that when the uncross-linked laminate is cross-linked by the heating method described later, the heating is terminated from the time when the heating of the uncross-linked laminate is started. This is the time from the time when the uncrosslinked laminate is crosslinked by the method of irradiating the ultraviolet rays, which will be described later, to the time when the irradiation of the ultraviolet rays is finished.

The crosslinking temperature in the present invention is preferably 80 to 450 ° C., more preferably 100 to 350 ° C., and even more preferably 110 to 210 ° C.
When the crosslinking temperature is 80 ° C. or higher, the crosslinking reaction between the first composition and the second composition proceeds sufficiently.
When the cross-linking temperature is 450 ° C. or lower, the laminate of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties.
The cross-linking temperature is the set temperature of the equipment used for heating when the uncrosslinked laminate is crosslinked by the heating method described later, or the equipment when the equipment whose temperature cannot be set is used. It is the temperature during normal use that can be considered in the above, and when the uncrosslinked laminate is crosslinked by the method of irradiating with ultraviolet rays described later, it is the temperature of the laminate being irradiated with ultraviolet rays.

The value X calculated by the above formula 1 is 14,000 to 100,000, preferably 14,000 to 70,000, and more preferably 14,000 to 45,000.
When the value X calculated by the above formula 1 is 14,000 or more, the cross-linking reaction between the first composition and the second composition proceeds sufficiently.
When the value X calculated by the above formula 1 is 100,000 or less, the laminate of the present invention is excellent in mechanical properties.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the layer of the first composition and the layer of the second composition are laminated with a solvent in an uncrosslinked state to form an uncrosslinked laminate, and then cross-linking is performed. As a result, a crosslinked structure is formed in each of the layers of the first composition and the layer of the second composition, and the crosslinked structure is also formed between the layers of the first composition and the layer of the second composition. Is formed. By using a solvent, cross-linking between the layers of the first composition and the layers of the second composition proceeds, so that the layers of the obtained laminate between the first layer and the second layer at high temperature are laminated. The adhesiveness is even better.
In both the first composition and the second composition, it is preferable to add an organic peroxide as a cross-linking agent. As a result, the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer of the laminate obtained by the method for producing a laminate of the present invention at high temperatures is further excellent.

Examples of the method for cross-linking the first composition and the second composition in the uncrosslinked laminate include a method of heating and a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays. As a method for cross-linking the first composition and the second composition, a method of heating is preferable. Specific examples of the heating method include a method of applying a heated material to the uncrosslinked laminate, a method of applying heated steam to the uncrosslinked laminate, and a method of applying hot air to the uncrosslinked laminate. Examples of the product in the method of applying the heated product to the uncrosslinked laminate include a plate, a mold, and a roll. In the method of applying the heated material to the uncrosslinked laminate, the uncrosslinked laminate may be sandwiched between the heated material and the heated material, and pressure may be applied.
Further, after the primary cross-linking, the secondary cross-linking may be performed. For example, a method can be adopted in which the primary cross-linking is performed by heating at 100 to 400 ° C. under the condition of 10 min to 12 h, and then the secondary cross-linking is performed by heating at 100 to 300 ° C. under the condition of 10 min to 12 h. Secondary cross-linking is not essential, but by performing secondary cross-linking, the mechanical properties, compression set, and other properties of the cross-linked product can be further stabilized or further improved.

The method of laminating the layer of the first composition and the layer of the second composition is not particularly limited.
As a specific method for producing the laminate of the present invention, a method of coextruding the first composition and the second composition to obtain an uncrosslinked laminate, and then crosslinking the uncrosslinked laminate. , A method in which the first composition and the second composition are each formed into a sheet, and the sheet of the first composition and the sheet of the second composition are pressed and bonded to each other. An example is a method by injection molding in which the second composition is injected into a mold or the like.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, it is preferable that the layer of the first composition and the layer of the second composition are in direct contact with each other. However, in order to improve the adhesiveness, an adhesive thin layer may be laminated between the layers as long as the cross-linking between the layer of the first composition and the layer of the second composition is not hindered. A silane coupling agent is preferable as a substance that is a source of an adhesive thin layer, and specific examples thereof include vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris (2-methoxyethoxy) silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and 3-glyceride. Sidoxypropyltriethoxysilane is exemplified.

The following method is mentioned as a preferable production method for obtaining a laminate having further excellent interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer at a high temperature.
(1) Adjustment of cross-linking rate difference (2) Adjustment of cross-linking start time (3) Adjustment of cross-linking aid (4) Adjustment of SP value of polymer (5) Adjustment of degree of cross-linking of composition (6) Adjustment of polymer Viscosity adjustment

(1) Adjustment of Crosslinking Rate Difference In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the absolute value of the crosslinking rate difference between the first composition and the second composition calculated by the following formula 2 is preferably 0. It is 03 or less, more preferably 0.02 or less. The lower limit of the absolute value of the cross-linking speed difference is 0.
When the absolute value of the cross-linking rate difference between the first composition and the second composition is 0.03 or less, the cross-linking of the first composition and the second composition proceeds at a similar rate, and the first Since it is considered that the layer and the second layer are likely to form a primary bond, the interlayer adhesion of the laminate obtained by the production method of the present invention at high temperature is excellent.
Crosslink rate difference = [1 / (t _90A −t _2A ) -1 / (t _90B −t _2B )] × (t _90A −t _90B ) ・ ・ ・ Equation 2
However, for t _2A , when a cross-linking test is performed using a viscoelasticity measuring machine (RPA-2000 manufactured by Alpha Technologies, Inc.), the torque of the first composition is the minimum value of the torque starting from the start of the test. _{T 90A} is the time required for the torque of the first composition to reach 90% of the maximum value of torque, and t _2B is the time required for the torque of the second composition to reach the minimum torque. It is the time required to reach the value, and t _90B is the time required for the torque of the second composition to reach 90% of the maximum value of the torque.

In the method for producing a laminated body of the present invention, the means for keeping the absolute value of the cross-linking rate difference calculated by the above formula 2 within a predetermined range is not particularly limited. As a specific means, the type and content of the cross-linking aid are appropriately adjusted between the first composition and the second composition, and an antioxidant described later is used in the first composition and the second composition. Means for inclusion in at least one of the compositions are exemplified. Alternatively, the type and content of the cross-linking agent and other additives may be appropriately adjusted between the first composition and the second composition.

(2) Adjustment of Crosslink Start Time In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, _{the absolute value of the difference between t 2A} and t _2B is preferably 0 to 5.0, more preferably 0 to 4.0 min, and 0 to 0. 3.5 min is more preferable.
Since t _2A is a time that can be regarded as the cross-linking start time of the first composition and t _2B is a time that can be regarded as the cross-linking start time of the second composition, the difference between _{t 2A} and t _2B. It can be said that the absolute value of is the difference between the cross-linking start times of the first composition and the second composition. That is, when _{the absolute value of the difference between t 2A} and t _2B is in the range of 0 to 5.0 min, the cross-linking start times of the first composition and the second composition are close, and the cross-linking of one composition is performed. It is unlikely that it will progress first. As a result, it is considered that the first layer and the second layer are likely to form a primary bond, so that the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer of the laminated body at high temperature is further excellent.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the means for keeping the absolute value of the difference between _{t 2A} and t _{2B within a predetermined range is not particularly limited.} As a specific means, the above-mentioned antioxidant, which appropriately adjusts the type and content of the cross-linking aid between the first composition and the second composition, is used in the first composition and the second composition. Means for inclusion in at least one of the compositions are exemplified. Alternatively, the type and content of the cross-linking agent and other additives may be appropriately adjusted between the first composition and the second composition.

(3) Adjustment of Crosslinking Aid In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the second composition contains a crosslinking aid, and the first composition and the second composition share a common crosslinking aid. It is preferable to include it. When the second composition contains a cross-linking aid and the first composition and the second composition contain a common cross-linking aid, the common cross-linking aid reacts with the common cross-linking agent. It is considered that the cross-linking reaction at the interface between the first composition and the second composition is likely to proceed.

(4) Adjustment of SP Value of Polymer In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the SP value of the fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the first composition and the non-fluorinated elastic weight contained in the second composition. The absolute value of the difference between the combined SP values is 0 to 5.
[Cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 is preferable, and 0 to 2 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 is more preferable. When the absolute value of the difference between the SP value of the fluoroelastic polymer and the SP value of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer is ^{within the range of 0 to 5 [cal / cm 3} ] ^1/2 , the fluoroelastic polymer and the non-fluorinated elastic polymer are non-fluorinated. The first layer in the laminate having good compatibility with the elastic polymer and produced from the first composition containing the fluoroelastic polymer and the second composition containing the non-fluoroelastic polymer. Since it is considered that the first layer and the second layer are likely to form a primary bond, the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer of the laminated body is further excellent.
However, the SP value is the solubility parameter δ [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 estimated by the Fedors method. The Fedors method is described in R.M. F. Fedors, Polym. Eng. Sci. , 14 (2), 147 (1974), which is a method of estimating the SP value from the data of the evaporation energy and the molar volume of atoms and atomic groups in the structural formula of the compound to be obtained.

(5) Adjustment of Crosslinking Degree of Composition In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the crosslinking degree of the first composition is preferably 5 to 150, more preferably 10 to 100.
The degree of cross-linking of the second composition is preferably 5 to 300, more preferably 10 to 210.
The degree of cross-linking is defined by the following equation 3.
Degree of cross-linking = MH-ML ・ ・ ・ Equation 3
However, MH is the maximum value of torque when a cross-linking test is performed with a cross-linking characteristic measuring instrument (RPA), and ML is the minimum value of torque. The degree of cross-linking described in the present specification was measured using a rubber processing analyzer (RPA-2000 manufactured by Alpha Technologies Co., Ltd.) which is a cross-linking characteristic measuring device (RPA).
The degree of cross-linking is a measure of the cross-linking reactivity of the crosslinkable composition, and the larger the value of the degree of cross-linking, the more cross-linking points and the better the cross-linking reactivity. When laminating compositions with high cross-linking reactivity, they have excellent interlayer adhesion at high temperatures.
When the degree of cross-linking of the first composition is 5 or more, the cross-linking reactivity is excellent, so that a laminate having excellent interlayer adhesion at high temperature can be produced, and when it is 150 or less, the processability is excellent.
When the degree of cross-linking of the second composition is 5 or more, the cross-linking reactivity is excellent, so that a laminate having excellent interlayer adhesion at high temperature can be produced, and when it is 300 or less, the processability is excellent.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the absolute value of the difference between the degree of cross-linking of the first composition and the degree of cross-linking of the second composition is preferably 0 to 200, more preferably 0 to 150. When the absolute value of the difference between the degree of cross-linking of the first composition and the degree of cross-linking of the second composition is in the range of 0 to 200, the first layer and the second layer are likely to form a primary bond. Therefore, the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer of the laminate at a high temperature is further excellent.

(6) Adjustment of Viscosity of Polymer In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the first composition preferably has a Mooney viscosity of 10 to 300, more preferably 30 to 200.
The Mooney viscosity of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the second composition is preferably 5 to 120, more preferably 10 to 110, and even more preferably 20 to 70.
When the fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the first composition has a Mooney viscosity of 10 or more, the processability is excellent. When the Mooney viscosity is 300 or less, it is considered that the fluoroelastic polymer easily mixes with the non-fluorine elastic polymer at the interface, and the first layer and the second layer easily form a primary bond. Excellent interlayer adhesion in.
When the Mooney viscosity of the non-fluorine elastic polymer contained in the second composition is 5 or more, the processability is excellent. When it is 120 or less, it is considered that the non-fluorinated elastic polymer is easily mixed with the fluorine-containing elastic polymer at the interface, and the first layer and the second layer are likely to form a primary bond. Excellent in sex.
The Mooney viscosity of the fluoroelastic polymer was 38.1 mm in diameter and 5.54 mm in thickness according to JIS K6300-1: 2013 using a Mooney viscometer (SMV-201, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). It is a value measured by using an L-shaped rotor and setting a preheating time of 1 minute and a rotor rotation time of 4 minutes at 100 ° C.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, the absolute value of the difference between the Mooney viscosity of the fluoroelastic polymer contained in the first composition and the Mooney viscosity of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the second composition is , 0 to 200 is preferable. When the absolute value of the difference between the Mooney viscosity of the fluoroelastic polymer contained in the first composition and the Mooney viscosity of the non-fluoroelastic polymer contained in the second composition is in the range of 0 to 200, the interface In, it is considered that the fluoroelastic polymer and the non-fluoroelastic polymer are easily mixed, and the first layer and the second layer are likely to form a primary bond. Therefore, the first layer and the second layer of the laminate are considered to be easy to form. The interlayer adhesion at high temperature is further excellent.

(First composition)
The first composition is a copolymer having a tetrafluoroethylene-based unit and a propylene-based unit (copolymer 1) or a copolymer having a tetrafluoroethylene-based unit and a PAVE-based unit (copolymer). It contains a fluoroelastic polymer composed of the polymer 2), a cross-linking agent, and a cross-linking aid. The first composition may contain other components as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
The crosslinked product of the first composition is a crosslinked product of a copolymer having a unit based on hexafluoropropylene (hereinafter, also referred to as HFP) and a unit based on vinylidene fluoride (hereinafter, also referred to as VdF), that is, It has excellent alkali resistance and steam resistance compared to FKM.

(Copolymer 1)
The copolymer 1 may further have other monomer units, if necessary, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
Examples of other monomer units in the copolymer 1 include units based on a monomer having two or more polymerizable unsaturated bonds (hereinafter, DVE), units based on PAVE, and the like.
Examples of PAVE include perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter, also referred to as PMVE), perfluoro (ethyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter, also referred to as PEVE), perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter, also referred to as PPVE) and the like. ..
In addition, it may have a unit based on a monomer having HEP, VdF, and an iodine atom.

As the copolymer 1, a copolymer composed of a unit of any combination of X1 to X8 below is preferable. Any one of these copolymers may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
Since the cross-linking reactivity of the copolymer 1 is excellent, and the mechanical properties, heat resistance, chemical resistance (alkali resistance, etc.), oil resistance and weather resistance of the cross-linked product are further excellent, X1, X2, X4, X5, X6 and X8 are more preferable, X1, X5 and X8 are even more preferable, and X8 is particularly preferable.

X1: A combination of a TFE unit and a propylene unit (hereinafter, also referred to as a P unit).
X2: A combination of TFE unit, P unit, and VdF unit.
X3: A combination of TFE unit, P unit, and PPVE unit.
X4: A combination of TFE unit, P unit, and PMVE unit.
X5: A combination of TFE unit, P unit, and compound 2 unit.
X6: A combination of a TFE unit, a P unit, a compound 2 unit, and a VdF unit.
X7: A combination of a TFE unit, a P unit, a compound 2 unit, and a PPVE unit.
X8: A combination of a TFE unit, a P unit, a compound 2 unit, and a PMVE unit.

The molar ratio or ratio of each unit constituting each of the copolymers X1 to X8 is preferably within the following numerical range. When the molar ratio or ratio of each unit constituting each of the copolymers X1 to X8 is within the following numerical range, the crosslinkability of the copolymer is further excellent, and the mechanical properties, heat resistance, and resistance of the crosslinked product are further improved. Further excellent in chemical resistance (alkali resistance, etc.), oil resistance and weather resistance.
The ratio of TFE units is 40 to 60 mol% and the ratio of P units is 40 to 60 mol% with respect to the total of all the units constituting X1: X1.
X2: The ratio of TFE units is 40 to 59 mol%, the ratio of P units is 40 to 59 mol%, and the ratio of VdF units is 1 to 10 mol% with respect to the total of all the units constituting X2.
X3: The ratio of TFE units is 30 to 60 mol%, the ratio of P units is 10 to 40 mol%, and the ratio of PPVE units is 10 to 40 mol% with respect to the total of all the units constituting X3.
X4: The ratio of TFE units is 30 to 60 mol%, the ratio of P units is 10 to 40 mol%, and the ratio of PMVE units is 10 to 40 mol% with respect to the total of all the units constituting X4.
X5: The ratio of TFE units is 40 to 59.99 mol%, the ratio of P units is 40 to 59.99 mol%, and the ratio of 2 units of compound is 0.01 to 3% of the total of all the units constituting X5. Mol%.
X6: The ratio of TFE units is 40 to 58.99 mol%, the ratio of P units is 40 to 58.99 mol%, and the ratio of 2 units of compound is 0.01 to 3% of the total of all the units constituting X6. The ratio of mol% and VdF unit is 1 to 10 mol%.
X7: The ratio of TFE units is 30 to 60 mol%, the ratio of P units is 10 to 40 mol%, the ratio of 2 units of compound is 0.01 to 3 mol%, and PPVE with respect to the total of all the units constituting X7. The unit ratio is 10 to 40 mol%.
X8: The ratio of TFE units is 30 to 60 mol%, the ratio of P units is 10 to 40 mol%, the ratio of 2 compounds is 0.01 to 3 mol%, and PMVE to the total of all the units constituting X8. The unit ratio is 10 to 40 mol%.

When the copolymer 1 is a binary copolymer composed of TFE units and P units, the molar ratio of TFE units to P units [TFE units / P units] is preferably 30/70 to 99/1. , 30/70 to 70/30, more preferably 40/60 to 60/40. When the molar ratio of the TFE unit to the P unit is within the above range, the mechanical properties, heat resistance, chemical resistance (alkali resistance, etc.), oil resistance and weather resistance of the crosslinked product are further excellent.
The total of the ratio of TFE units and the ratio of P units is preferably 99 mol% or more with respect to the total of all the units constituting the copolymer 1.

(Copolymer 2)
Examples of the PAVE unit contained in the copolymer 2 include units based on PMVE, PEVE, PPVE, and CF ₂ = CF-O-CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ . Units based on PMVE, PEVE, and PPVE are preferred from the standpoint of improving productivity.

Further, the copolymer _{2, CF 2 = CF-OCF 2} CF 2 -OCF 2 -OCF 2 -OCF 2 -OCF 2 -OCF 3 ( hereinafter, also referred to as _{C9PEVE.), CF 2 = CF} -OCF 2 CF 2 -OCF ₂ -OCF ₂ -OCF ₃ (hereinafter, also referred to as _{C7PEVE.), CF 2 = CF} -OCF 2 CF 2 -OCF 2 CF 2 -OCF 2 CF 3 ( hereinafter, also referred to as _EEAVE.), CF 2 = CF _{-OCF 2 CF 2 -OCF 2 CF 2} -OCF 2 CF 2 -OCF 2 CF 3 ( hereinafter, also referred to as _{EEEAVE.), CF 2 = CF} -OCF 2 -OCF 3, CF 2 = CF-OCF 2 -OCF 2 _{CF 3, CF 2 = CF-} O (CF 2 CF (CF 3) O) perfluoroalkyl such as 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3, CF 2 = CF-OCF 2 -OCF 2 -OCF 3 ( oxa alkyl vinyl ether) ( Hereinafter, it may also have a unit based on POAVE) or a unit based on DVE. DVE is preferably a perfluoro compound.

Examples of the other monomer in the copolymer 2 include a fluorine atom and a monomer having a halogen atom other than the fluorine atom (bromotrifluoroethylene, iodotrifluoroethylene, etc.), and a monomer having a fluorine atom and a nitrile group. (CF ₂ = CFO (CF ₂ ) ₅ CN, perfluoro (8-cyano-5-methyl-3,6-dioxa-1-octene), etc.) are exemplified.

The ratio of TFE units is preferably 35 to 75 mol%, more preferably 40 to 75 mol%, still more preferably 50 to 75 mol%, based on the total of all the units constituting the copolymer 2.
The ratio of PAVE units is preferably 25 to 65 mol%, more preferably 25 to 57 mol%, still more preferably 25 to 40 mol%, based on the total of all the units constituting the copolymer 2.
When POAVE units are included, the ratio thereof is preferably 3 to 57 mol%, more preferably 5 to 40 mol%, still more preferably 8 to 30 mol%, based on the total of all the units constituting the copolymer 2.
When the DVE unit is included, the ratio thereof is preferably 0.01 to 1 mol%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol%, and 0.05 to the total of all the units constituting the copolymer 2. ~ 0.3 mol% is more preferable.
The ratio of units based on other monomers in the copolymer 2 is preferably 0 to 5 mol%, more preferably 0 to 3 mol%, and 0 to 0, based on the total of all the units constituting the copolymer 2. 2 mol% is more preferred.
When the ratio of the TFE unit, the PAVE unit, the POAVE unit, the DVE unit and the unit based on the other monomer in the copolymer 2 is within the above range, the rubber physical properties of the crosslinked product of the first composition are maintained. , Low temperature characteristics, alkali resistance and interlayer adhesion at high temperature are further excellent.

The copolymer 2 preferably has more iodine atoms from the viewpoint of further excellent crosslinkability. The iodine atom is preferably bonded to the end of the polymer chain of the copolymer 2.

(Method for producing copolymer)
The copolymer 1 can be produced, for example, by polymerizing a monomer component containing TFE and propylene in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator. If necessary, the monomer component for producing the copolymer 1 may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of PAVE, DVE and other monomers. The copolymer 1 can be produced, for example, by the methods disclosed in International Publication No. 2009/112022, International Publication No. 2010/053056, and the like.
The copolymer 2 can be produced, for example, by polymerizing a monomer component containing TFE and PAVE in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator. The monomer component for producing the copolymer 2 may contain POAVE, DVE, and other monomers, if necessary. The copolymer 2 can be produced, for example, by the method disclosed in International Publication No. 2010/082633 and the like.

(Ingredients contained in the first composition)
The first composition contains a fluorinated elastic polymer and a cross-linking agent and a cross-linking aid as additives. In addition, it is preferable to further contain an antioxidant. The first composition may also contain a polymer other than the fluorinated elastic polymer of the present invention and a component other than the above-mentioned additive.

Examples of the cross-linking agent include organic peroxides, polyols, amines, triazines, imidazoles, anilines, and ammonium salts. Among these, organic peroxides are preferable because they are excellent in productivity, heat resistance, and chemical resistance.
Examples of organic peroxides include dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di (tert-butyl) peroxide, tert-butyl peroxyacetate, tert-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, 2,5. -Dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexin-3, α, α'-bis (tert-butylperoxy) Examples thereof include oxy) -p-diisopropylbenzene and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (benzoyl peroxy) hexane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
When the first composition contains an organic peroxide as a cross-linking agent, the content of the organic peroxide is 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer 1 or the copolymer 2. Is preferable, and 0.1 to 5 parts by mass is more preferable. When the content of the organic peroxide is within the above range, the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer at a high temperature is further excellent.

Examples of the cross-linking aid include compounds having two or more unsaturated bonds in one molecule. Specific examples of the cross-linking aid include triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, bismaleimide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimetaacrylate, and divinylbenzene. To. Of these, triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate are preferable.
The content of the cross-linking aid in the first composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 7 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the copolymer 1 or the copolymer 2. preferable. When the content of the cross-linking aid is within the above range, the physical properties such as hardness and heat resistance of the cross-linked product of the first composition are excellent.

In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the first composition and the second composition contains an antioxidant. This makes it easier to manufacture a laminate in which the tensile strength and elongation at the time of cutting, which are the physical characteristics of fluororubber, are sufficiently maintained in practical use.

As the antioxidant, a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group is preferable.
Examples of the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group include bisphenol A, bisphenol AF, phenol, cresol, p-phenylphenol, m-phenylphenol, o-phenylphenol, allylphenol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Illustrated. Among these, o-phenylphenol is more preferable.
When the first composition contains an antioxidant, the content of the antioxidant is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the copolymer 1 or the copolymer 2 described later. .01 to 3 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.01 to 2 parts by mass is further preferable.

In the present invention, it is also preferable to add a nitrogen-containing compound such as amine or imine to the first composition. By blending the nitrogen-containing compound with the first composition, the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer at a high temperature can be further improved.
Specific examples of the nitrogen-containing compound include 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene-7, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonen-5, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2]. .2] Octane, triethylamine, tributylamine, diphenylamine, piperidine, morpholine, pyridine, benzotriazole, p-dimethylaminopyridine are exemplified.
The blending amount of the nitrogen-containing compound in the first composition is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer 1.

Examples of other components include fluoroelastic polymers other than the copolymer 1 and the copolymer 2, and additives other than the above.

Examples of additives other than the above include fillers, processing aids, dispersion aids, plasticizers, softeners, anti-aging agents, adhesion aids, and cross-linking accelerators.
Fillers include carbon black, silica, fine quartz powder, asbestos soil, zinc flower, basic magnesium carbonate, activated calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, titanium dioxide, talc, mica powder, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate. , Barium sulfate, asbestos, graphite, wallastonite, molybdenum disulfide, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, various whiskers, and glass fiber are exemplified.
Examples of the processing aid include fatty acid derivatives such as sodium stearate, stearic acid amide, calcium stearate, and oleic acid glyceride, phosphoric acid derivatives, natural waxes, and synthetic waxes.
Examples of the dispersion aid include higher fatty acids and metal amine salts thereof.
Examples of the plasticizer include phthalic acid derivatives, adipic acid derivatives, and sebacic acid derivatives.
Examples of the softener include lubricating oil, process oil, coal tar, and castor oil.
Examples of the anti-aging agent include phenylenediamine, hinderedamine, phosphate, quinoline, cresol, and dithiocarbamate metal salt.
Examples of the adhesion aid include a silane coupling agent and a titanate-based coupling agent.
Examples of the cross-linking accelerator include oxides of divalent metals such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide and lead oxide, and compounds having a guanidine structure.
In addition, a colorant, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, an oil resistance improver, a foaming agent, a scorch inhibitor, a tackifier, a lubricant and the like can be blended as needed.

When the first composition contains the copolymer 2 and further contains a metal oxide, the cross-linking reaction facilitates rapid and reliable progress.
The content of the metal oxide is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 6 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer 2. When the content of the metal oxide is within the above range, the hardness of the crosslinked product of the first composition is excellent.

The first composition is obtained by a kneading method using a kneading device such as a roll, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, an extruder, or the like, a copolymer 1 or a copolymer 2, a cross-linking agent, a cross-linking aid, and if necessary, another. It can be prepared by mixing with the ingredients.

(Second composition)
The second composition contains a cross-linking agent as an additive, and optionally a cross-linking aid, together with the non-fluorinated elastic polymer. The second composition may contain other additives as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

The non-fluorine elastic polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is an elastic polymer that can be used as a raw material for crosslinked rubber (non-fluororubber) containing no fluorine atom. It is preferable that the non-fluorinated elastic polymer can be crosslinked with an organic peroxide. As described above, the Mooney viscosity of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer is preferably 5 to 120, more preferably 10 to 110, and even more preferably 20 to 70.
Examples of the non-fluororubber include the fluororubber-free rubber described in JIS K6297: 2005. Specifically, acrylic rubber (ACM), ethylene acrylic rubber (AEM), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), silicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber (EPM), ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (EVM), chloroprene rubber (CR), butyl rubber. (IIR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), chlorinated polyethylene rubber (CM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (CSM), chlorinated polyethylene rubber (CPE) are exemplified. Examples of the silicone rubber include dimethyl silicone rubber (MQ), methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ), and methyl phenyl silicone rubber (PMQ). One of these may be used, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used.

Examples of the elastic polymer used as a raw material for commercially available ACM include Nipol (registered trademark) AR31 (manufactured by Zeon Corporation).
Examples of the elastic polymer used as a raw material for commercially available AEM include VAMAC (registered trademark) DP and VAMAC (registered trademark) G (manufactured by The Chemours Company).
Examples of the elastic polymer used as a raw material for commercially available EVM include Denka ER (registered trademark) 5300 and Denka ER (registered trademark) 8401 (manufactured by Denka).

Examples of the elastic polymer that is a raw material of commercially available EPDM include Esplen (registered trademark) EPDM and the like (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Examples of the elastic polymer which is a raw material of commercially available silicone rubber include KE971TU (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) and KE951U (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.).

As the cross-linking agent in the second composition, the same cross-linking agent as the cross-linking agent in the first composition is exemplified.
When the second composition contains an organic peroxide as a cross-linking agent, the content of the organic peroxide is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer, and is 0. .1 to 6 parts by mass is more preferable. When the content of the organic peroxide is within the above range, the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer at a high temperature is further excellent.

When the second composition contains a cross-linking aid, the cross-linking aid in the second composition is exemplified by the same cross-linking aid as the cross-linking aid in the first composition.
When the second composition contains a cross-linking aid, the content of the cross-linking aid in the second composition is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer. More preferably, 1 to 10 parts by mass. When the content of the cross-linking aid is within the above range, the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer at a high temperature is further excellent.

As mentioned above, the second composition preferably contains an antioxidant, like the first composition. As the antioxidant contained in the second composition, the same antioxidant as the antioxidant in the first composition is exemplified. The antioxidant contained in the second composition may be the same antioxidant as the antioxidant contained in the first composition, or may be a different antioxidant.
When the second composition contains an antioxidant, the content of the antioxidant is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass and 0.01 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer described later. Parts by mass are more preferable, and 0.01 to 2 parts by mass are even more preferable.

In the present invention, it is also preferable to add a nitrogen-containing compound such as amine or imine to the second composition. By blending the nitrogen-containing compound with the second composition, the interlayer adhesiveness between the first layer and the second layer at high temperatures can be further improved. Examples of the nitrogen-containing compound include nitrogen-containing compounds similar to those in the first composition.
The blending amount of the nitrogen-containing compound in the second composition is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer.

As the additive in the second composition, the same additive as the additive in the first composition is exemplified.
In addition, the second composition may contain a relatively small amount of the fluorinated elastic polymer with respect to the non-fluorinated elastic polymer. The fluorine-containing elastic polymer is not limited to the copolymer 1 and the copolymer 2 contained in the first composition, and may be other fluorine-containing elastic polymers. When the second composition contains a small amount of fluorinated elastic polymer, the affinity at the interface between the layer of the first composition and the layer of the second composition is improved, and the layer of the first composition is improved. It is considered that the cross-linking reaction at the interface between the surface and the layer of the second composition is likely to proceed.
When the second composition contains a fluorinated elastic polymer, the content of the fluorinated elastic polymer in the second composition with respect to the total amount of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer and the fluorinated elastic polymer is 30% by mass. The following is preferable, and 15% by mass or less is more preferable.

The second composition is prepared by mixing a non-fluorinated elastic polymer and a cross-linking agent, and if necessary, a cross-linking aid and an additive by a kneading method using the same kneading device as the first composition. Can be prepared.

(Mechanism of action)
In the method for producing a laminate of the present invention described above, since the first composition contains a copolymer having TFE units and P units or a copolymer having TFE units and PAVE units, it is resistant. A laminate having excellent alkalinity can be produced. Further, when the first composition and the second composition are crosslinked, the crosslinking time is 10 min or more, and the value X calculated by the formula 1 is 14,000 to 100,000, so that the interlayer adhesiveness at high temperature is high. It is possible to manufacture an excellent laminated body.

<Use>
Since the laminate of the present invention does not peel off at high temperatures, it is suitable as a component used at high temperatures.
The laminate of the present invention is suitable for, for example, a hose. The hose made of the laminated body of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as a laminated rubber hose) may have a layer other than the first layer and the second layer. In this specification, the hose and the tube are referred to as "hose" without distinction.
By using the first layer as the innermost layer in the laminated rubber hose, a laminated rubber hose having an inner surface having heat resistance, chemical resistance, oil resistance, weather resistance, alkali resistance and steam resistance can be obtained. Further, by using the first layer as the outermost layer, a laminated rubber hose having an outer surface having heat resistance, chemical resistance, oil resistance, weather resistance, alkali resistance and steam resistance can be obtained.

Examples of the use of the laminated rubber hose include rubber hoses for transportation equipment such as automobiles, ships, and aircraft, liquid crystal equipment, semiconductor equipment, food manufacturing equipment, analytical equipment, chemical plant equipment, and nuclear plant equipment. ..
Specific examples include turbocharger hoses, PCV hoses, oil return hoses, exhaust gas hoses, EGR hoses, oil hoses, sterilization hoses, sterilization hoses, fuel hoses, oil resistant rubber hoses, combustion gas resistant rubber hoses, and brake oil resistance. Rubber hose, chemical resistant rubber hose, freon resistant rubber hose, heat resistant air rubber hose, rubber hose for gas heat pump, hydraulic brake hose, engine oil hose, radiator hose, vacuum hose, evacuation hose, ATF hose, water piping hose, steam piping hose Illustrated.
In addition, the laminated rubber hose has excellent resistance to liquids, especially oil and coolant (LLC), and is suitable for oil piping, coolant liquid piping, and the like.
Further, since the laminated rubber hose is also excellent in resistance to strongly basic compounds, it is also used as a member of a urea SCR system in which an aqueous urea solution such as AdBlue (registered trademark), which is strongly basic, is used.

The method for manufacturing the laminated rubber hose is not particularly limited. For example, a laminated rubber hose can be obtained by co-extruding the first composition and the second composition into a tubular shape to obtain an uncrosslinked laminate, and then crosslinking the uncrosslinked laminate.
Alternatively, the first or second composition is extruded into a tubular shape, and then the second or first composition is extruded on the surface thereof to obtain an uncrosslinked laminate, which is then crosslinked. A laminated rubber hose having an inner layer made of a first or second layer and an outer layer made of a second or first layer can be obtained.

The laminated rubber hose includes a two-layer rubber hose in which the inner layer is composed of a first or second layer and the outer layer is composed of a second or first layer, and a layer composed of a first or second layer in addition to the inner layer and the outer layer. It may be a multi-layer rubber hose having a multi-layer rubber hose, a three-layer rubber hose having a reinforcing fiber layer on the surface of the outer layer, or the like. Further, an adhesive thin layer such as an adhesive, a layer made of a thermoplastic resin, or a metal thin film may be provided between the first layer and the second layer. Examples of the reinforcing fibers of the laminated rubber hose include para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers. Examples of commercially available products include Technora (manufactured by Teijin Limited) and Nomex (manufactured by The Chemours Company).

The thickness of the first layer composed of the first composition and the second layer composed of the crosslinked product of the second composition in the laminate of the present invention is not particularly limited.
For example, when the laminate of the present invention is used as a laminated rubber hose for automobiles, the thickness of the first layer made of the crosslinked product of the first composition is preferably 0.1 to 100 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 50 mm. It is preferably 0.2 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 30 mm. The thickness of the second layer composed of the crosslinked product of the second composition is preferably 0.1 to 100 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 50 mm, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 30 mm.
For example, when the laminate of the present invention is used as a laminated rubber hose for a plant, the thickness of the first layer made of the crosslinked product of the first composition is preferably 0.2 to 200 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 100 mm. It is preferably 0.2 to 20 mm, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 20 mm. The thickness of the second layer composed of the crosslinked product of the second composition is preferably 0.2 to 200 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 100 mm, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 50 mm.

The laminate of the present invention can be used, for example, as a rubber roll.
Examples of the use of the rubber roll include a rubber roll for a film, a rubber roll for papermaking, a rubber roll for plywood, and a rubber roll for steel.

When the laminate of the present invention is used as an industrial laminated rubber roll, the thickness of the first layer made of the crosslinked product of the first composition is preferably 0.1 to 20000 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 10000 mm. , 0.2 to 1000 mm is particularly preferable. The thickness of the second layer composed of the crosslinked product of the second composition is preferably 0.1 to 20000 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 10000 mm, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1000 mm.
The ratio of the thickness of the first layer to the total thickness of the first layer and the second layer in the laminate of the present invention is preferably 10 to 90%, more preferably 25 to 75%.

The laminate of the present invention can be used, for example, as a sealing material.
Examples of the sealing material include O-rings, V-rings, gaskets, and packings.
For example, when the laminate of the present invention is used as a sealing material, the thickness of the first layer made of the crosslinked product of the first composition is preferably 0.1 to 100 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 50 mm. 0.2 to 30 mm is particularly preferable. The thickness of the second layer composed of the crosslinked product of the second composition is preferably 0.1 to 100 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 50 mm, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 30 mm.

The laminate of the present invention can be used, for example, as an electric wire covering material.
In the coated electric wire of the present invention, the electric wire covering material formed on the outer periphery of the core wire is not only formed in direct contact with the core wire but also indirectly formed on the outer periphery via another layer between the core wires. It may be a thing. Specifically, the coated electric wire of the present invention includes not only an insulated wire directly coated with a conductor or a core wire using the laminated body of the present invention as a wire covering material but also a laminated body of the present invention as an outer layer as an electric wire covering material. Also included are electric wires, such as cables with sheaths and wire harnesses. Examples of the cable include a sensor cable and a power cable.
The conductor is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include various plated wires such as copper, copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, tin plating, silver plating, and nickel plating, stranded wires, superconductors, and plated wires for semiconductor element leads.

When the laminate of the present invention is used as an electric wire coating material, the thickness of the first layer made of the crosslinked product of the first composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 5 mm, and 0. .2 to 3 mm is particularly preferable. The thickness of the second layer composed of the crosslinked product of the second composition is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 5 mm, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 3 mm.

In addition to the above, the laminate of the present invention can also be used for, for example, belts, anti-vibration rubbers, and diaphragms.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following description. In addition, Examples 2-19, 21-24, 27-42, 44-47 are Examples, and Examples 1, 20, 25, 26, 43 are Comparative Examples.

<Measurement method>
(Copolymerization composition of copolymer 1 and copolymer 2)
The ratio (mol%) of each unit constituting each copolymer 1 and copolymer 2 was determined by ¹⁹ F-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, fluorine content analysis, and infrared absorption spectrum analysis.
(Iodine content of copolymer 1 and copolymer 2)
The iodine contents of the copolymer 1 and the copolymer 2 were quantified by a device combining an automatic sample combustion device, an ion chromatograph pretreatment device (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd., AQF-100 type) and an ion chromatograph. ..
(Storage shear modulus G'of copolymer 1 and copolymer 2)
Using a rubber processing analyzer (RPA-2000 manufactured by Alpha Technologies, Inc.), measurements were taken at a temperature of 100 ° C., an amplitude of 0.5 ° C., and a frequency of 50 times / min according to ASTM D5289 and D6204.
(Copolymer 1, Copolymer 2, Mooney Viscosity of Non-Fluoroelastic Polymer)
Preheating time at 100 ° C. using a Mooney viscometer (SMV-201 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and an L-shaped rotor with a diameter of 38.1 mm and a thickness of 5.54 mm according to JIS K6300-1: 2013. The measurement was performed with the rotor rotation time set to 4 minutes for 1 minute.
(SP value of copolymer 1, copolymer 2, non-fluorine elastic polymer)
The method for measuring SP is as described above.
(Crosslink degree of the first composition and the second composition)
When a rubber processing analyzer (RPA-2000 manufactured by Alpha Technologies Co., Ltd.) was used, the maximum value of torque was MH and the minimum value of torque was ML. The degree of cross-linking is indicated by the value obtained by subtracting ML from MH (MH-ML).
_{(T 90A} , t _2A , t _90B , t _{2B of} the first composition and the second composition)
The time required for the torque of the first composition to start increasing from the minimum torque when performing a cross-linking test using a rubber processing analyzer (RPA-2000 manufactured by Alpha Technologies) is t _{2A. Let t 90A} be the time required for the torque of the first composition to reach 90% of the maximum value of torque, and the time required for the torque of the second composition to start rising from the minimum value of torque. Was defined as t _2B, and the time required for the torque of the second composition to reach 90% of the maximum value of torque was defined as t _90B .

<Each ingredient>
Copolymer 1-A: Copolymer 1, a copolymer having TFE units and P units, the ratio of TFE units to the total of all the units constituting copolymer 1-A is 56 mol%, P units. Is 44 mol%, G'= 280 kPa, Mooney viscosity = 91, SP value = 8.8 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 , and iodine atom is 0.4% by mass based on the total mass of the copolymer. contains.
Copolymer 1-B: Copolymer 1, copolymer having TFE units, C3DVE units and P units, the ratio of TFE units to the total of all the units constituting copolymer 1-B is 56 mol%. , P unit ratio is 43.8 mol%, C3DVE unit ratio is 0.2 mol%, G'= 330 kPa, Mooney viscosity = 99, SP value = 8.8 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 , copolymer It contains 0.5% by mass of iodine atoms based on the total mass of the copolymer.
Copolymer 2-A: Copolymer 2, a copolymer having TFE units and PMVE units, the ratio of TFE units to the total of all the units constituting copolymer 2-A is 69 mol%, PMVE units. Is 31 mol%, G'= 550 kPa, Mooney viscosity = 180, SP value = 8.8 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 , and 0.15 mass% of iodine atoms with respect to the total mass of the copolymer. contains.
Copolymer 2-B: Copolymer 2, copolymer having TFE units, PMVE units and C3DVE units, the ratio of TFE units to the total of all the units constituting copolymer 2-B is 66 mol%. , PMVE unit ratio is 34 mol%, G'= 480 kPa, Mooney viscosity = 80, SP value = 8.8 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 , iodine atom is 0. Contains 02% by mass.
It should be noted that the copolymer 1-A is published in International Publication No. 2009/112022, the copolymer 1-B is published in International Publication No. 2017/057512, and the copolymer 2-A and the copolymer 2-B are published in International Publication No. 2010. It can be manufactured by the method disclosed in / 082633.

Non-fluorine elastic polymer A: Raw material for AEM, VAMAC (registered trademark) DP, manufactured by The Chemours Company, Mooney viscosity = 20, SP value = 9.3 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 .
Non-fluorine elastic polymer B: Raw material for ACM, Nipol (registered trademark) AR31, manufactured by Zeon Corporation. Mooney viscosity = 41, SP value = 9.8 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 .
Non-fluorine elastic polymer C: Raw material for AEM, Denka ER (registered trademark) 5300, manufactured by Denka. Mooney viscosity = 46, SP value = 9.5 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 .
Non-fluorine elastic polymer D: Raw material for silicone rubber, KE951U, manufactured by Shinetsu Silicone Co., Ltd., Mooney viscosity = 17, SP value = 7.3 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 .
Non-fluorine elastic polymer E: Raw material for EPDM, Esplen (registered trademark) E 501A, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Mooney viscosity = 43, SP value = 7.9 [cal / cm ³ ] ^1/2 .

Crosslinking agent A: Organic peroxide, α, α'-bis (tert-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene), Luperox (registered trademark) F40P-SP2 (manufactured by Arkema)
Crosslinking agent B: Organic peroxide, α, α'-bis (tert-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene, Parkardox 14 (product name), Chemicals Axo Crosslinking agent C: Organic peroxide, 2,5 -Dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexane, perhexa (registered trademark) 25B, cross-linking agent D from Nichiyu Co., Ltd .: organic peroxide, C-8 (product name), manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Crosslinking agent E: Organic peroxide, bis (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide, Parkmill (registered trademark) D, Nichiyu Co., Ltd. Crosslinking agent F: Organic peroxide, tert-butylperoxybenzoate, Kayabutyl B ( Product name), manufactured by Chemical Axo

Cross-linking aid A: Triallyl isocyanurate, 1,3,5-triallyl isocyanurate, TAIC (product name), manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd. Cross-linking aid B: Triallyl isocyanurate, 1,3,5-triallyl isocyanate Nurate, TAIC WH-60 (product name), manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.

Antioxidant: o-phenylphenol, Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Carbon Black A: THENMAX N-990 (product name), Canarb Limited Carbon Black B: FEF, Asahi # 60 (product name), Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd. Made

Processing aid A: fatty acid derivative, calcium stearate, manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Processing aid B: higher fatty acid, stearic acid, manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Processing aid C: fatty acid derivative, Emaster 510P (product name) ), Riken Vitamin Processing Aid D: Nitrogen-Containing Compound, Lipomin 18D (Product Name), Lion Specialty Chemicals Processing Aid E: Phosphoric Acid Derivative, Phosphanol RL-210 (Product Name), Toho Processing aid F manufactured by Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.: Oleic acid glyceride, Rikemar XO-100 (product name), manufactured by Riken Vitamin

Anti-aging agent: Hindertoamine, Nocrack CD (product name), Ouchi Shinko Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Filler: Silica, AEROSIL 8200 (product name), Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.

<Preparation of first composition and second composition>
With the mass ratio formulations shown in Tables 1 and 2, two rolls were used to uniformly knead each compounding agent to prepare the first compositions P1 to P8 and the second compositions Q1 to Q6, respectively. did. The MH-ML, t _90A , t _2A , t _90B , and t _2B of each composition were measured by the above method. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. In Tables 1 and 2, "RPA conditions" indicate the cross-linking conditions when MH-ML was measured using a rubber processing analyzer (RPA-2000 manufactured by Alpha Technologies). For example, "170 ° C. x 12 min" means that the first composition or the second composition was crosslinked at 170 ° C. for 12 minutes.

<Examples 1-47>
The combinations of the first composition and the second composition in Examples 1-47 are shown in Table 3.
A laminate was produced by combining the first composition and the second composition shown in Table 3. Specifically, the first composition and the second composition are respectively molded into dimensions of 125 mm in length × 30 mm in width × 1.1 mm in thickness, laminated in the combination shown in Table 3, and at 70 ° C. for 5 minutes. Preliminary pressure molding was performed under the conditions of. Then, cross-linking was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 3, and a second layer composed of a cross-linked product of the first composition and a second cross-linked product of the second composition having a length of 120 mm × width of 25 mm × thickness of 2 mm. A laminate of Examples 1 to 47 having a layer of 1 to 47 was obtained. The cross-linking method 1 in Table 3 is a method of applying heated steam to the uncross-linked laminate, and the cross-linking method 2 is a method of sandwiching the uncross-linked laminate with a heated plate and applying pressure. At this time, a release film having a length of 60 mm and a width of 30 mm is sandwiched between the layer of the first composition and the layer of the second composition, and half of the laminate in the length direction is attached to the unbonded grip portion. did.
The absolute value MF of the cross-linking rate difference between the first composition and the second composition in each example was calculated by the formula 2.

The grip portion of the laminate of Examples 1 to 47 was set in a T-type peeling tester (JIS K6854-3: 1999), and the laminate was peeled off at a speed of 50 mm / min at a temperature of 150 ° C. to obtain the first layer. The delamination state between the layer and the second layer was visually observed, and the interlayer adhesiveness under high temperature was evaluated. The interlayer adhesiveness of the laminate with the material broken without peeling off the interface was judged to be ◎, and the high temperature of the laminate with a part of the interface peeled off but the material broken. The interlayer adhesiveness underneath was judged to be ◯, and the interlayer adhesiveness of the laminate having the interface peeled off at high temperature was judged to be ×. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. In the T-type peeling test, when the peeling surface is broken, it means that the interlayer adhesiveness is good, and when the interface is peeled off, it means that the interlayer adhesiveness is low.

Examples 2-19, 21-24, 27-42, 44-47 have a cross-linking time of 10 min or more and a value X calculated by Equation 1 is 14,000 to 100,000. Sex was seen.

The laminates of Examples 1 and 25 were inferior in interlayer adhesion under high temperature because the value X calculated by Equation 1 was smaller than 14000.
Since the cross-linking time of the laminates of Examples 20 and 43 was shorter than 10 min, the interlayer adhesion at high temperature was inferior.
The laminate of Example 26 was inferior in interlayer adhesion under high temperature because the value X calculated by Equation 1 was smaller than 14000 and the crosslinking time was shorter than 10 min.

The laminate obtained by the method for producing a laminate of the present invention and the laminate of the present invention are suitable for materials such as O-rings, sheets, gaskets, oil seals, diaphragms, and V-rings, in addition to hoses. In addition, heat-resistant and chemical-resistant sealing materials, heat-resistant and oil-resistant sealing materials, electric wire coating materials, sealing materials for semiconductor devices, corrosion-resistant rubber coatings, sealing materials for urea-based greases, rubber coatings, calendar sheets, sponges, rubber rolls, etc. Oil drilling members, heat dissipation sheet, solution bridge, rubber sponge bearing seal (urea grease resistant, etc.), lining (chemical resistant), automotive insulating sheet, endoscopic packing (amine resistant), mono pump, bellows hose (calendar) Sheet processed products), water heater packings or valves, fenders (marine civil engineering, ships), fibers and non-woven fabrics (protective clothing, etc.), base sealants, rubber gloves, button switches, food container packings, water cylinder packings Applications are exemplified.

Claims (5)

A fluoroelastic polymer and a cross-linking agent consisting of a copolymer having a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on propylene or a copolymer having a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether). To produce an uncrosslinked laminate having a layer of a first composition containing a cross-linking aid and a layer of a second composition containing a non-fluoroelastic polymer, a cross-linking agent and optionally a cross-linking aid. And then
The first composition and the second composition are crosslinked to form a first layer composed of a crosslinked product of the first composition and a second layer composed of a crosslinked product of the second composition. It is a manufacturing method of a laminated body having
A method for producing a laminate, wherein the cross-linking time when the first composition and the second composition are cross-linked is 10 minutes or more, and the value X calculated by the following formula 1 is 14,000 to 100,000.
X = D ² + T ² ... Equation 1
However, D is the cross-linking temperature [° C.] and T is the cross-linking time [min]. The method for producing a laminate according to claim 1, wherein the second composition further contains a cross-linking aid, and the first composition and the second composition contain a common cross-linking aid. Claim 1 in which the absolute value of the difference between the SP value of the fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the first composition and the SP value of the non-fluorinated elastic polymer contained in the second composition is 0 to 5. Alternatively, the method for producing a laminate according to 2. The degree of cross-linking calculated by the following formula 3 of the first composition is 5 to 150, and the degree of cross-linking is 5 to 150.
The method for producing a laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second composition has a degree of cross-linking of 5 to 300.
Degree of cross-linking = MH-ML ・ ・ ・ Equation 3
However, MH is the maximum value of torque when a cross-linking test is performed with a cross-linking characteristic measuring instrument (RPA). The method for producing a laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein both the first composition and the cross-linking agent in the second composition are organic peroxides.