JP2021040558A - Functional food and method for ingesting functional food - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a functional food having an increase effect of LDL cholesterol.SOLUTION: The functional food comprises a raw liver oil derived from a deep-sea shark and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and has an increase effect of LDL cholesterol. Preferably, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate is contained in a weight ratio of 0.3 to 1.2 based on 1 of the raw liver oil. It is preferable that the functional food includes L-glutamine and L-arginine in addition to the raw liver oil and HMB. The production is performed by firstly separating a crude oil obtained from a liver of dwarf gulper shark (Centrophorus atromarginatus) into an oily component and a solid component using a centrifugal separator and filtering impurities in the oily component and removing the same; then, measuring a component ratio of the oily component and performing the component adjustment in which the component adjustment is such that the component ratio of squalene is 78 to 83 wt% and the component ratio of squalane, squalamine and an ω-3 fatty acid (DHA and EPA, and the like) as components other than squalene is 17 to 22 wt%; and then adding HMB to produce a functional food.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a functional food derived from raw cod liver oil of deep sea shark, which has an effect of increasing LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and in particular, a method of ingesting it.

Cholesterol (C ₂₇ H ₄₆ O) is one of the lipids along with triglycerides, phospholipids and free fatty acids.
Cholesterol is produced in organs and is present in the blood in the form of complex lipids (lipoproteins) bound to proteins and sugars. Complex lipids (lipoproteins) are classified into VLDL (very low density lipoprotein), LDL (low density lipoprotein), HDL (low density lipoprotein), etc. according to the magnitude of specific gravity. Cholesterol is abundant in LDL and HDL, and LDL. Cholesterol contained in is called LDL cholesterol, and cholesterol contained in HDL is called HDL cholesterol.

LDL cholesterol in the blood adheres to the walls of blood vessels, causing arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and arterial occlusion of the lower limbs, while HDL cholesterol is said to have the function of removing LDL cholesterol accumulated in tissues. .. Therefore, the former is said to be bad cholesterol and the latter is said to be good cholesterol. Cholesterol-lowering agents such as statins are commercially available to lower LDL cholesterol levels, and blood smoothness is said to be good for health.

For example, Patent Document 1 proposes to administer a GLP-1 compound and an anti-abnormal lipoemia drug in order to lower LDL cholesterol as a treatment method for abnormal lipemia caused by hyperglycemia or the like. Squalene synthase inhibitors are mentioned as the anti-abnormal lipoglycemic drug. Here, squalene becomes cholesterol through several processes.

Patent Document 2 proposes a squalene processed food containing coenzyme Q10 at a high altitude (0.1 to 10%). Specifically, deep-sea shark liver is crushed, separated, and filtered, and the components are measured to divide into cod liver oil with a squalene content of 20 to 50% and cod liver oil with a squalene content of 50 to 80%. After mixing these cod liver oils, coenzyme Q10 is added.

In Patent Document 3, basically the same method as in Patent Document 2, for producing deep-sea shark liver oil, the liver of deep-sea shark is crushed into a paste at a low temperature, and further fixed to a liquid component by a cooling centrifuge. It is disclosed that the components are separated, impurities in the obtained oily liquid component are removed by a filtration unit, and oxygen is removed in an antioxidant treatment tank.

Patent Document 4 describes that oil is dropped by heating a shark liver in a gas phase at 65 ° C. to 70 ° C., the dropped oil is collected in a saline solution or a glycerin solution, and the oil is prepared in a saline solution or a glycerin solution. A production method is described in which the oil is separated from the glycerin solution, and then the oil is sufficiently contacted with a desiccant of an inorganic salt consisting of a strong acid and a strong base to remove water in the oil and the desiccant is separated.

On the other hand, recently, the danger of lowering cholesterol levels has been pointed out. Patent Document 5 describes that ingestion of 100 to 2000 mg of squalene orally for 4 weeks increased total blood cholesterol without an increase in LDL cholesterol and triglyceride.

In Non-Patent Document 1, as the role of cholesterol, (1) cholesterol serves as a material for the cell membrane and the intracellular membrane of all cells. In particular, the brain and nerves require large amounts of cholesterol. (2) It is a material for male hormones, female hormones, and anti-stress hormones. (3) It becomes bile acid that is resynthesized in the liver and digests fat. The points are mentioned.
Further, in Non-Patent Document 1, LDL cholesterol biosynthesized in the liver is transported in the blood to recreate the cell membrane, and HDL cholesterol recovers old cholesterol and excess cholesterol from cells throughout the body and returns them to the liver. It is stated that it will be reused.

Non-Patent Document 2 states that the higher the cholesterol level, the lower the mortality rate, and that even if a statin lowers LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol, cardiovascular disease death, heart attack, and stroke cannot be reduced. It is stated that it could not be done.

Non-Patent Document 3 states that as a result of administration of squalene to a person with liver dysfunction, (1) anti-ulcer effect, (2) antitumor effect, (3) synergistic effect with antibiotics in antifungal effect, (4). It has an immunostimulatory effect and (5) liver function improving effect, and regarding total cholesterol, "it remained in the normal range in all cases throughout the treatment period and did not cause hypercholesterolemia." It is described as.

Q14 of Non-Patent Document 4 describes the influence of squalene (squalene) on the cholesterol level, that is, the mixed administration of squalene and a therapeutic drug for hypercholesterolemia (Plavastin), and the relationship between squalene alone administration and cholesterol. .. In each case, there is a description that LDL cholesterol was lowered.

In addition, Non-Patent Document 5 reports that ingestion of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) alone has a function of lowering LDL cholesterol.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-518408 JP-A-2007-181408 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-89471 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-14721 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-266306

"No medicine needed for cholesterol" by Rokuro Hama Kadokawa Shoten Published July 30, 2007 Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Lipids S4-3 General Symposium 2 "There is no point in lowering cholesterol" 2017 Lipid Nutrition Vol. 26, No. 2 "Clinical Effect of Squalene (Samemilon) on Chronic Hepatitis" by Osamu Nakajima Medicine and Pharmacy No. 11 No. 1 219-222 January 1984 "Squalene Squalane Q & A50" by Atsushi Kaiya CMP Japan Co., Ltd. Published June 30, 2006 [beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk] Nissen S et al 2000 Aug. PubMed

In Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2, the danger of lowering the cholesterol level by a statin agent is pointed out, but there is no description about squalene for keeping the cholesterol level appropriate.

Non-Patent Document 3 reports that squalene was administered alone and had an antitumor effect, but total cholesterol remained in the normal range. In addition, there is no indication of the importance of LDL cholesterol.

Non-Patent Document 4 describes that LDL cholesterol decreased when squalene was administered alone and when squalene and a therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia (Plavastin) were co-administered.

No increase in LDL cholesterol is observed even when β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) proposed in Non-Patent Document 5 is ingested alone.

Patent Document 1 describes a drug that actively lowers LDL cholesterol, and some of the other patent documents and non-patent documents point out or suggest the danger of lowering LDL cholesterol. However, there is no suggestion or suggestion of a means of increasing LDL cholesterol.

In Patent Document 2, cod liver oil having a high content of cod liver oil has a low content of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and cod liver oil having a low content of squalene has a low content of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid). It was found that the content of acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) was high, and it was made into a processed food having a sufficient content in any of coenzyme Q10, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid).
However, there is no mention of an increase in LDL cholesterol. Similar to Non-Patent Document 4, LDL cholesterol is lowered when squalene is administered alone. Therefore, in order to obtain the effect of increasing LDL cholesterol, the mixing ratio of the component mixed with squalene and the component concerned has a great influence. Seem.

In Patent Document 3, deep sea shark liver contains various substances such as squalene, squalamine, vitamin A, vitamin E, trace minerals, omega-3 oil-based polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA, etc.), and alkyl glycerol, which are found in the human body. It is stated that it contains beneficial natural substances, but there is no mention of an increase in LDL cholesterol.

The odor of cod liver oil can be removed by the method disclosed in Patent Document 4. However, Patent Document 4 does not disclose what and how much squalene can be mixed to increase LDL cholesterol.

Patent Document 5 reports that oral ingestion of squalene, that is, ingestion of squalene alone does not increase LDL cholesterol.

The present inventor has made the present invention on the premise that LDL cholesterol is not a cholesterol to be lowered and LDL cholesterol should be raised to an appropriate value as in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2.
Of course, it is necessary to prevent LDL cholesterol from increasing excessively in plasma and forming blood clots and obstructing blood flow, but if LDL cholesterol is lowered more than necessary to prevent this, it inhibits cell membrane formation. Moreover, it causes chronic / acute fatigue syndrome including adrenal fatigue.

Squalene is a substance that is abundant in the liver of deep-sea sharks and is the basis of cholesterol biosynthesis. However, purifying squalene from the liver of deep-sea sharks and administering it alone does not increase LDL cholesterol as described in Non-Patent Document 4.

The present inventor has found that LDL cholesterol is increased by simultaneously ingesting β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) instead of squalene alone.
Incidentally, Non-Patent Document 5 reports that β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) alone has an effect of lowering LDL cholesterol.

As mentioned above, LDL cholesterol is transferred into the blood in the form of a complex lipid bound to lipoprotein to become cell walls and bile acids. One of the raw materials for this lipoprotein is HMB, which is a deep-sea cod liver oil (deep sea shark liver oil). It was confirmed that the functional food containing squalene) and HMB has an effect of increasing LDL cholesterol in blood.

The preferable mixing ratio of deep-sea shark raw cod liver oil and HMB is 0.3 to 1.2 for HMB with respect to 1 raw cod liver oil by weight, but is not limited thereto.

In addition, the functional food according to the present invention may contain L-glutamine and L-arginine in addition to raw cod liver oil and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB).
The preferable component ratio of raw cod liver oil is 78 to 83 wt% for squalene, and 17 to 22 wt% for squalane, squalamine, and ω3 fatty acids (DHA, EPA, etc.) as components other than squalene. The component ratio is not limited to the above range.

In addition, as a method of ingesting the functional food according to the present invention, raw cod liver oil derived from deep sea shark and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) are orally ingested at the same time. At this time, essential amino acids, branched chain amino acids, essential fatty acids and minerals may be orally ingested at the same time. Furthermore, colloidal proteins, colloidal minerals, fungi (mushrooms), phytochemicals and the like may be ingested together.

By ingesting the functional food according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress an excessive decrease in LDL cholesterol and also to cause an excessive increase in cholesterol causing arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and arterial obstruction of the lower limbs. However, LDL cholesterol can be maintained in an appropriate range. In addition, it is effective for improving the constitution that is easy to get tired.

The figure which showed an example of the manufacturing process of the functional food which concerns on this invention. Graphs showing the initial and final values of LDL cholesterol of the subjects shown in Tables (1) and (2) Graphs of subjects with increased LDL cholesterol among the subjects shown in Tables (1) and (2) Graphs of subjects shown in Tables (1) and (2) whose LDL cholesterol did not increase

First, in the process for producing a functional food according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, crude oil obtained from the liver of a shark is separated into an oil component and a solid component using a centrifuge, and impurities in the oil component are used. Is filtered and removed. After that, the component ratio of the oily component is measured, and if the component is not within the predetermined range, the process is returned to the centrifugation step again, and if the component is within the predetermined range, the component is adjusted as necessary.

In the component adjustment, it is preferable that the component ratio of squalene is 78 to 83 wt% and the component ratio of squalane, squalamine, and ω3 fatty acid (DHA, EPA, etc.) as components other than squalene is 17 to 22 wt%, but it is limited to this. is not it.

Next, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is added to raw cod liver oil whose ingredients have been adjusted as necessary to prepare a functional food. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) may be mixed with raw cod liver oil, for example in the form of CaHMB.

Further, since raw cod liver oil and HMB may be ingested at the same time, it is conceivable to prepare raw cod liver oil and HMB (CaHMB) independently and take them orally at the same time, in addition to putting both in one capsule.

The results of testing the effectiveness of the above functional foods are shown in (Table 1) and (Table 2) below. Table (1) is a part of testing several items, and 30 when HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (T-Cho) are selected as test values. Numerical values (mg / dl) from day to 390 days (every 30 days), and table (2) shows the initial value, final value, and increase / decrease number of (HDL-C), (LDL-C), and (T-Cho). , The rate of increase / decrease, etc. are shown.

The ingested functional foods were 6 tablets of raw cod liver oil (580 mg × 6) and 200 mg of HMB per day. If the ratio of HMB to raw cod liver oil is small, the lipoprotein to which LDL cholesterol binds is insufficient, and the amount of LDL cholesterol delivered into the blood decreases. Moreover, even if there is too much HMB, no effect beyond a certain level can be expected. Therefore, it is appropriate to set HMB to 0.3 to 1.2 g per 1 g of raw cod liver oil.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the initial and final values of LDL cholesterol of the subjects shown in the above tables (1) and (2), and FIG. 3 is the LDL cholesterol among the subjects shown in the above tables (1) and (2). FIG. 4 is a graph of the subjects shown in the above tables (1) and (2) in which LDL cholesterol did not increase. In each figure, the vertical axis represents LDL cholesterol (mg / dl), and the horizontal axis represents the initial value and the final value.

From these FIGS. 2 to 4 and Tables (1) and (2), 8 out of 11 subjects (No. 037 to 047) who ingested the functional food according to the present invention clearly had an increased LDL cholesterol level. However, the number of three did not increase. However, subject 046, which did not increase, did not take it. From these, the effect of increasing LDL cholesterol by the functional food according to the present invention is recognized.

In addition, regardless of the increase or decrease of LDL cholesterol, improvement of symptoms was observed in all patients. For example, even when LDL cholesterol is lowered, if the total cholesterol level is too high for some time, the LDL cholesterol is lowered and the value is within the appropriate range, which improves fatigue and the like.

Claims (5)

A functional food consisting of raw cod liver oil derived from deep-sea shark and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), which has an effect of increasing LDL cholesterol. The functional food according to claim 1, wherein β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate is contained in an amount of 0.3 to 1.2 with respect to 1 of the raw cod liver oil by weight. The functional food according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the functional food contains L-glutamine and L-arginine in addition to the raw cod liver oil and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB). A method for ingesting a functional food characterized by increasing the LDL cholesterol level by simultaneously ingesting raw cod liver oil derived from deep-sea shark and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB). The method for ingesting a functional food according to claim 4, wherein the essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, essential fatty acids and minerals are orally ingested at the same time.

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