JP2021036822A - Harvesting robot - Google Patents

Harvesting robot Download PDF

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JP2021036822A
JP2021036822A JP2019160359A JP2019160359A JP2021036822A JP 2021036822 A JP2021036822 A JP 2021036822A JP 2019160359 A JP2019160359 A JP 2019160359A JP 2019160359 A JP2019160359 A JP 2019160359A JP 2021036822 A JP2021036822 A JP 2021036822A
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storage basket
gripping member
storage
harvesting
layer
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JP7285467B2 (en
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亮 戸島
Akira Toshima
亮 戸島
善夫 金田
Yoshio Kaneda
善夫 金田
賢 黒田
Masaru Kuroda
賢 黒田
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a harvesting robot capable of efficiently performing harvesting work.SOLUTION: A harvesting robot comprises: n (n is an integer equal to or greater than 3) storage baskets arranged along a vertical direction; a first grip member 108 for gripping a storage basket on a bottom layer out of the n storage baskets; a second grip member 109 for gripping the storage basket on a k-th (k is an integer equal to or greater than 2 and equal to or smaller than n) layer from the bottom layer out of the n storage baskets; lift mechanisms 110, 111 for moving the first or second grip members 108, 109 in a vertical direction; and a harvesting mechanism 101 including an arm for harvesting an object. The second grip member 109 can change a grip object storage basket out of the n storage baskets, the first grip member 108 supports the stacked storage baskets in a range from the bottom layer to (k-1)th layer from the bottom layer, out of the n storage baskets, the second grip member 109 supports the storage baskets in a range from a k-th layer to n-th layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、トマトやりんご等の果実を自動的に収穫する収穫ロボットに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a harvesting robot that automatically harvests fruits such as tomatoes and apples.

従来の収穫ロボットとしては、多数個の収納籠を格納しタイムリーに供給する収納籠供給装置を備えたものがある(例えば、特許文献1)。図6は、特許文献1に記載された従来の収穫ロボットを示す図である。図6において、撮像装置601は収穫対象である果実との距離を検出する役割があり、アーム602により果実を把持摘果し、旋回後に収納籠603へ収納される。収納籠603は収納籠供給装置604により、単独で供給される。これらは車台605の上側に配設され、下側には車輪606が配設されることで車体を構成している。収穫ロボットを手動操作する場合は、収納籠供給装置604の前面に配設された操作パネル607および操向レバー608を使用する。 As a conventional harvesting robot, there is one provided with a storage basket supply device that stores a large number of storage baskets and supplies them in a timely manner (for example, Patent Document 1). FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a conventional harvesting robot described in Patent Document 1. In FIG. 6, the imaging device 601 has a role of detecting the distance from the fruit to be harvested, the fruit is grasped and picked by the arm 602, and the fruit is stored in the storage basket 603 after turning. The storage basket 603 is independently supplied by the storage basket supply device 604. These are arranged on the upper side of the chassis 605, and the wheels 606 are arranged on the lower side to form the vehicle body. When manually operating the harvesting robot, an operation panel 607 and a steering lever 608 arranged on the front surface of the storage basket supply device 604 are used.

特開平7−87829号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-87829

しかしながら、前記従来の構成では、収穫した果実を収納籠に入れ、該収納籠が満杯になった時点で地上に放出するため、放出しなければ次の収穫動作に移れず、また敏道に放出された収納籠が他の作業者や作業ロボットの邪魔になる上、放出された収納籠を逐一人 が回収しなければならず、回収作業に時間を要するという課題を有している。また、空の収穫籠を、定期的にタイムリーに収穫ロボットへ手作業でセットしなければならないため、手間がかかるという課題も有している。 However, in the conventional configuration, the harvested fruits are placed in a storage basket and released to the ground when the storage basket is full. Therefore, if the fruits are not released, the next harvesting operation cannot be performed and the fruits are released quickly. In addition to the fact that the storage basket interferes with other workers and work robots, the released storage basket must be collected by each person, which causes a problem that the collection work takes time. In addition, since the empty harvest basket must be manually set on the harvesting robot in a timely manner, there is a problem that it takes time and effort.

本発明は、前記従来の課題を解決するもので、収穫作業を効率良く行うことが出来る収穫ロボットを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a harvesting robot capable of efficiently performing a harvesting operation.

前述した課題を解決する主たる本開示は、
上下方向に沿って配されたn(nは3以上の整数)個の収納籠と、
前記n個の収納籠のうち、最下層の収納籠を把持する第1把持部材と、
前記n個の収納籠のうち、最下層からk(kは2以上で且つn以下の整数)層目の収納籠を把持する第2把持部材と、
前記第1把持部材又は前記第2把持部材を上下に移動させるリフト機構と、
対象物を収穫するアームを含む収穫機構と、
を備え、
前記第2把持部材は、前記n個の収納籠のうちから把持対象の収納籠を可変に構成され、
前記第1把持部材が、前記n個の収納籠のうち、積載された前記最下層の収納籠からk−1層目の収納籠までを支持し、
前記第2把持部材が、前記n個の収納籠のうち、積載された前記k層目の収納籠からn層目の収納籠までを支持する、
収穫ロボットである。
The main disclosure that solves the above-mentioned problems is
N (n is an integer of 3 or more) storage baskets arranged along the vertical direction,
Of the n storage baskets, the first gripping member that grips the lowest layer storage basket and
Of the n storage baskets, a second gripping member that grips the k (k is an integer of 2 or more and n or less) layer from the bottom layer, and
A lift mechanism for moving the first grip member or the second grip member up and down,
A harvesting mechanism that includes an arm to harvest the object,
With
The second gripping member is configured to variably configure the storage basket to be gripped from the n storage baskets.
Among the n storage baskets, the first gripping member supports the loaded bottom layer storage basket to the k-1th layer storage basket.
The second gripping member supports from the k-th layer storage basket to the n-th layer storage basket loaded among the n storage baskets.
It is a harvesting robot.

又、他の局面では、
上下方向に沿って配された2個の収納籠と、
前記2個の収納籠のうち、下層の収納籠を把持する第1把持部材と、
前記2個の収納籠のうち、上層の収納籠を把持する第2把持部材と、
前記第1把持部材又は前記第2把持部材を上下に移動させるリフト機構と、
対象物を収穫するアームを含む収穫機構と、
を備え、
前記リフト機構は、前記下層の収納籠と前記上層の収納籠の間に空間が形成されるように、前記第1把持部材又は前記第2把持部材を上下に移動させ、
前記収穫機構は、収穫した前記対象物を前記下層の収納籠に収納する、
収穫ロボットである。
Also, in other aspects,
Two storage baskets arranged along the vertical direction,
Of the two storage baskets, the first gripping member that grips the lower layer storage basket and
Of the two storage baskets, a second gripping member that grips the upper storage basket and
A lift mechanism for moving the first grip member or the second grip member up and down,
A harvesting mechanism that includes an arm to harvest the object,
With
The lift mechanism moves the first gripping member or the second gripping member up and down so that a space is formed between the lower layer storage basket and the upper layer storage basket.
The harvesting mechanism stores the harvested object in the lower storage basket.
It is a harvesting robot.

以上のように、本発明の収穫ロボットによれば、効率良く収穫作業を行うことができる。 As described above, according to the harvesting robot of the present invention, the harvesting operation can be performed efficiently.

本開示における収穫ロボットの側面図Side view of the harvesting robot in the present disclosure 本実施の形態1における収穫動作を示す工程断面図Cross-sectional view of the process showing the harvesting operation in the first embodiment. 本実施の形態2における収穫動作を示す工程断面図Cross-sectional view of the process showing the harvesting operation in the second embodiment. 本実施の形態3における収穫動作を示す工程断面図Cross-sectional view of the process showing the harvesting operation in the third embodiment. 本実施の形態における第1把持部材の動作フローを示す概略上面図Schematic top view showing the operation flow of the first gripping member in the present embodiment. 特許文献1に記載された従来の収穫ロボットを示す図The figure which shows the conventional harvesting robot described in Patent Document 1.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(収穫ロボットの全体構成)
図1は、本開示における収穫ロボットの側面図である。図1において、収穫機構101はアーム103を含み、収穫対象である果実を収穫し、収納籠102へ入れる。
(Overall composition of harvesting robot)
FIG. 1 is a side view of the harvesting robot in the present disclosure. In FIG. 1, the harvesting mechanism 101 includes an arm 103, harvests fruits to be harvested, and puts them in a storage basket 102.

収穫機構101による収穫方法は従来、果実の種類に応じ様々な収穫方法が提案されているので詳細の説明は省略する。対象とする果実の種類に応じ、適切な収穫方法が選択される。 Since various harvesting methods have been conventionally proposed according to the type of fruit as the harvesting method by the harvesting mechanism 101, detailed description thereof will be omitted. An appropriate harvesting method is selected according to the type of fruit to be targeted.

収納籠102は、第2把持部材109と第1把持部材108によりそれぞれ把持される。 The storage basket 102 is gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the first gripping member 108, respectively.

アーム103は先端に収穫した対象物を保持する機能を有する。具体的には、アーム103は、例えば収穫機構101によって収穫した果実を吸着保持する真空吸着機構や、収穫した果実を投入され一時的に保持するケースなど、を先端に有する。なお、当該機構はアーム103の先端付近に配設されても良く、後述するように収穫した対象物を収納籠に収納していくことのできる位置に配設されていれば良い。 The arm 103 has a function of holding the harvested object at the tip. Specifically, the arm 103 has, for example, a vacuum suction mechanism for sucking and holding the fruit harvested by the harvesting mechanism 101, a case where the harvested fruit is put in and temporarily held, and the like. The mechanism may be arranged near the tip of the arm 103, and may be arranged at a position where the harvested object can be stored in the storage basket as described later.

撮像装置104は、収穫のため収穫対象物を撮像するとともに、地面に載置された収納籠102を撮像する。 The imaging device 104 images the harvested object for harvesting and also images the storage basket 102 placed on the ground.

制御装置105は、撮像装置104によって撮影された画像データから収納籠の位置を特定し、特定した収納籠の位置へ自走台車106を誘導するよう制御する。 The control device 105 identifies the position of the storage basket from the image data captured by the image pickup device 104, and controls to guide the self-propelled bogie 106 to the specified storage cage position.

自走台車106は、制御装置105によって制御され、前後部に配設されている車輪107により走行する。自走台車106は一般にAGV(Automated guided vehicle)と呼ばれているもので、詳細の説明は割愛する。 The self-propelled bogie 106 is controlled by the control device 105 and travels by the wheels 107 arranged in the front and rear portions. The self-propelled vehicle 106 is generally called an AGV (Automated guided vehicle), and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

第1把持部材108は、積層された収納籠102の最下層の収納籠102を把持する。 The first gripping member 108 grips the lowermost storage basket 102 of the stacked storage baskets 102.

第2把持部材109は、第1把持部材108によって把持される収納籠102以外の任意の収納籠102を把持する。 The second gripping member 109 grips any storage basket 102 other than the storage basket 102 gripped by the first gripping member 108.

第2把持部材109および第1把持部材108によって把持されている収納籠102は、地面に対して鉛直方向同軸上に配置されている。 The storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the first gripping member 108 is arranged coaxially in the vertical direction with respect to the ground.

第1リフト機構110は、制御装置105によって制御され、第1把持部材108を上下駆動させる。 The first lift mechanism 110 is controlled by the control device 105 to drive the first gripping member 108 up and down.

第2リフト機構111は、制御装置105によって制御され、第2把持部材109を上下駆動させる。 The second lift mechanism 111 is controlled by the control device 105 to drive the second grip member 109 up and down.

第2把持部材109及び第1把持部材108は、収納籠102を挟み込むことによって把持し、挟み込みを緩めることによって解放する。第2把持部材109及び第1把持部材108は、制御装置105によって把持および解放の動きを制御されても良く、その他の手法を用いて制御されても良い。例えば、センサー等を用いて把持対象物を検知した場合に、その情報を直接フィードバックされることで駆動しても良い。 The second gripping member 109 and the first gripping member 108 are gripped by sandwiching the storage basket 102, and released by loosening the sandwiching. The second gripping member 109 and the first gripping member 108 may be controlled by the control device 105 in the gripping and releasing movements, or may be controlled by using other methods. For example, when an object to be gripped is detected by using a sensor or the like, the information may be directly fed back to drive the object.

第1把持部材108は、収納籠102の最下面より上方に位置し、第1把持部材108の最下面と収納籠102最下面との間の距離が距離Lの位置で収納籠102を把持する。第1リフト機構110は、第1把持部材108の最下面と地面との間の距離が距離L以下になるまで、第1把持部材108を移動可能に構成されている。 The first gripping member 108 is located above the lowermost surface of the storage basket 102, and grips the storage basket 102 at a position where the distance between the lowermost surface of the first gripping member 108 and the lowermost surface of the storage basket 102 is a distance L. .. The first lift mechanism 110 is configured to be able to move the first grip member 108 until the distance between the lowermost surface of the first grip member 108 and the ground is equal to or less than the distance L.

なお、図1には図示されていないが、第1把持部材108にはストッパー501が備えられる。ストッパー501の詳細については後述する。 Although not shown in FIG. 1, the first gripping member 108 is provided with a stopper 501. Details of the stopper 501 will be described later.

以上のように構成された収穫ロボットの動作について、図2〜図5を用いて説明する。 The operation of the harvesting robot configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.

(実施の形態1)
図2は、本実施の形態1における収穫動作を示す工程断面図である。実施の形態1は、第2リフト機構111のメイン動作による収穫動作を想定している。なお、図2は収納籠が4個の場合を例示しているが、何個であってもよい。
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 2 is a process sectional view showing a harvesting operation in the first embodiment. The first embodiment assumes a harvesting operation by the main operation of the second lift mechanism 111. Although FIG. 2 illustrates the case where there are four storage baskets, any number of storage baskets may be used.

以下に説明する第2リフト機構111の動きは、制御装置105によって制御される。 The movement of the second lift mechanism 111 described below is controlled by the control device 105.

まず、図2(a)に示すように、第1把持部材108が、積層された収納籠102の最下層の収納籠102を把持する。 First, as shown in FIG. 2A, the first gripping member 108 grips the lowermost storage basket 102 of the stacked storage baskets 102.

次に、第2把持部材109が第2リフト機構111により下降し、下から2段目の収納籠102を把持し上昇する(図2(b))。この状態で、図1に示す収穫機構101により収穫動作が行われる。 Next, the second gripping member 109 is lowered by the second lift mechanism 111, grips the second-stage storage basket 102 from the bottom, and rises (FIG. 2B). In this state, the harvesting operation is performed by the harvesting mechanism 101 shown in FIG.

さらに、第2把持部材109によって把持される収納籠102と、その一つ下層の収納籠102との間隔に形成された空間に、図1に示すアーム103が挿入され、収穫された対象物を最下層の収納籠102に収納していく。具体的には、アーム103は、例えば収穫機構101によって収穫した果実を吸着保持する真空吸着機構の吸着を解除したり、回転または振動することによりケースから収穫した果実を収納籠102へ移動させたりする。 Further, the arm 103 shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into the space formed at the space between the storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the storage basket 102 one layer below the storage basket 102, and the harvested object is placed. It is stored in the storage basket 102 on the lowest layer. Specifically, the arm 103 releases the adsorption of the vacuum adsorption mechanism that adsorbs and holds the fruits harvested by the harvesting mechanism 101, or moves the fruits harvested from the case to the storage basket 102 by rotating or vibrating. To do.

ここで、アーム103は、第2把持部材109によって把持される収納籠102と、その一つ下層の収納籠102との間隔に挿入される必要がある。そこで、制御装置105は、アーム103の挿入高さを決定する。例えば、制御装置105は、撮像素子を有するカメラ等を用いて計測された上述の間隔の位置に基づき、アーム103の挿入高さを決定する。また例えば、制御装置105は、センサー等を用いて計測された第2把持部材109の位置に基づき、アーム103の挿入高さを決定する。より具体的には、制御装置105は、第2把持部材109によって把持される収納籠102とアーム103とが干渉しないと推定される位置に、アーム103を挿入する。 Here, the arm 103 needs to be inserted at a distance between the storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the storage basket 102 one layer below the storage basket 102. Therefore, the control device 105 determines the insertion height of the arm 103. For example, the control device 105 determines the insertion height of the arm 103 based on the position of the above-mentioned interval measured by using a camera or the like having an image sensor. Further, for example, the control device 105 determines the insertion height of the arm 103 based on the position of the second gripping member 109 measured by using a sensor or the like. More specifically, the control device 105 inserts the arm 103 at a position where it is estimated that the storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the arm 103 do not interfere with each other.

最下層の収納籠102が満杯になると、第2把持部材109が下降し、いったんすべての収納籠102を積層する。そして、第2把持部材109が下から2段目の収納籠102を解放し、収納籠102一個分の高さ上昇して下から3段目の収納籠102を把持し、上昇する(図2(c))。 When the bottom layer storage basket 102 is full, the second gripping member 109 is lowered, and all the storage baskets 102 are once stacked. Then, the second gripping member 109 releases the second-stage storage basket 102 from the bottom, raises the height of one storage basket 102, grips the third-stage storage basket 102 from the bottom, and rises (FIG. 2). (C)).

ここで、制御装置105が、収納籠102が満杯になったことを判定する。制御装置105は、例えば、アーム103の往復回数が予め設定された回数を超えた場合に、収納籠102が満杯になったことを判定する。また例えば、収納籠102に収納された対象物の数を、撮像素子を有するカメラ等を用いて計測し、制御装置105は、予め設定された個数を超えた場合に、収納籠102が満杯になったことを判定する。また例えば、重量計等を用いて収納籠102の重量を計測し、制御装置105は、予め設定された重量を超えた場合に、収納籠102が満杯になったことを判定する。 Here, the control device 105 determines that the storage basket 102 is full. The control device 105 determines, for example, that the storage basket 102 is full when the number of reciprocations of the arm 103 exceeds a preset number of times. Further, for example, the number of objects stored in the storage basket 102 is measured by using a camera or the like having an image sensor, and when the number of objects stored in the storage basket 102 exceeds a preset number, the storage basket 102 becomes full. Judge that. Further, for example, the weight of the storage basket 102 is measured using a weight scale or the like, and the control device 105 determines that the storage basket 102 is full when the weight exceeds a preset weight.

この状態で中断していた収穫動作が再開され、下から2段目の収納籠102の上方に形成された空間にアーム103が挿入され、収穫された対象物を下から2段目の収納籠102に収納していく。 The harvesting operation that had been interrupted in this state is resumed, the arm 103 is inserted into the space formed above the storage basket 102 in the second stage from the bottom, and the harvested object is placed in the storage basket in the second stage from the bottom. Store in 102.

以下、同様に繰り返し、図2(d)、図2(e)と推移する。最終的には、第2把持部材109は、図2(e)に示すとおり、収納籠102を把持しない状態となる。積載された収納籠102のうち、最上層の収納籠102が満杯になれば、収穫作業が終了する。 Hereinafter, the same procedure is repeated, and the transitions are as shown in FIG. 2 (d) and FIG. 2 (e). Finally, as shown in FIG. 2 (e), the second gripping member 109 is in a state of not gripping the storage basket 102. When the uppermost storage basket 102 of the loaded storage baskets 102 is full, the harvesting work is completed.

その後、第1把持部材108は下降し、収納籠102を地上に降ろす。なお、収納籠102を地上に降ろす際には、適切な場所まで移動しても良い。 After that, the first gripping member 108 is lowered to lower the storage basket 102 to the ground. When lowering the storage basket 102 on the ground, it may be moved to an appropriate place.

このように、第2把持部材109と、第1把持部材108と、第2把持部材109を上下駆動させる第2リフト機構111により、複数の収納籠102を保持したまま、それぞれの収納籠102に順次対象物を収納できる。したがって、収穫を連続的に行うことができ、収穫効率が向上する。さらに、一度の収穫動作における収穫量を増大させることができる。さらに、満杯になった収納籠102を畝道に点々と放出することがないため、放出された収納籠102によって他の作業者や作業ロボットによる作業の邪魔となることを、低減することができる。また、満杯になった収納籠102を一度に複数放出することで、収納済の収穫籠102の回収効率が向上する。また、収穫作業のスタート時には、空の収納籠を積載しておくのみで良く、省スペースと効率化が見込める。 In this way, the second gripping member 109, the first gripping member 108, and the second lift mechanism 111 for vertically driving the second gripping member 109 hold the plurality of storage baskets 102 in the respective storage baskets 102. Objects can be stored in sequence. Therefore, harvesting can be performed continuously, and harvesting efficiency is improved. Furthermore, the yield in one harvesting operation can be increased. Further, since the full storage basket 102 is not discharged to the ridges in a dotted manner, it is possible to reduce that the released storage basket 102 interferes with the work by other workers or work robots. .. Further, by releasing a plurality of full storage baskets 102 at one time, the collection efficiency of the stored harvest baskets 102 is improved. In addition, at the start of harvesting work, it is only necessary to load an empty storage basket, which is expected to save space and improve efficiency.

[効果]
以上のように、本実施形態に係る収穫ロボットは、
上下方向に沿って配されたn(nは3以上の整数)個の収納籠102と、
n個の収納籠102のうち、最下層の収納籠102を把持する第1把持部材108と、
n個の収納籠102のうち、最下層からk(kは2以上で且つn以下の整数)層目の収納籠102を把持する第2把持部材109と、
第1把持部材108又は第2把持部材109を上下に移動させるリフト機構(110又は111)と、
対象物を収穫するアーム103を含む収穫機構101と、
を備え、
第2把持部材109は、n個の収納籠102のうちから把持対象の収納籠102を可変に構成され、
第1把持部材108が、n個の収納籠102のうち、積載された最下層の収納籠102からk−1層目の収納籠102までを支持し、
第2把持部材109が、n個の収納籠102のうち、積載されたk層目の収納籠102からn層目の収納籠102までを支持する。
[effect]
As described above, the harvesting robot according to this embodiment is
N (n is an integer of 3 or more) storage baskets 102 arranged along the vertical direction, and
Of the n storage baskets 102, the first gripping member 108 that grips the lowest layer storage basket 102 and
Of the n storage baskets 102, the second gripping member 109 that grips the storage basket 102 in the k (k is an integer of 2 or more and n or less) layer from the bottom layer, and
A lift mechanism (110 or 111) that moves the first grip member 108 or the second grip member 109 up and down, and
A harvesting mechanism 101 including an arm 103 for harvesting an object, and
With
The second gripping member 109 is configured to variably configure the storage basket 102 to be gripped from the n storage baskets 102.
The first gripping member 108 supports the loaded bottommost storage basket 102 to the k-1th layer storage basket 102 among the n storage baskets 102.
The second gripping member 109 supports the loaded k-th layer storage basket 102 to the n-th layer storage basket 102 among the n storage baskets 102.

従って、本実施形態に係る収穫ロボットによれば、複数の収納籠102を保持したまま、対象物を収納籠102に収納することができるため、満杯となった収納籠102を順次地上に放出することなく、収穫作業を続行することが可能である。これによって、収穫作業を効率的に実行することができる。 Therefore, according to the harvesting robot according to the present embodiment, since the object can be stored in the storage basket 102 while holding the plurality of storage baskets 102, the full storage baskets 102 are sequentially released to the ground. It is possible to continue the harvesting work without any problems. As a result, the harvesting operation can be performed efficiently.

特に、本実施形態に係る収穫ロボットにおいては、リフト機構(110又は111)が、k層目の収納籠102とk−1層目の収納籠102の間に空間が形成されるように、第1把持部材108又は第2把持部材109を上下に移動させ、収穫機構101が、収穫した対象物をk−1層目の収納籠102に収納する。 In particular, in the harvesting robot according to the present embodiment, the lift mechanism (110 or 111) is such that a space is formed between the k-th layer storage basket 102 and the k-1st layer storage basket 102. 1 The gripping member 108 or the second gripping member 109 is moved up and down, and the harvesting mechanism 101 stores the harvested object in the storage basket 102 of the k-1 layer.

これによって、収穫作業を効率的に実行することができる。 As a result, the harvesting operation can be performed efficiently.

(実施の形態2)
図3は、本実施の形態2における収穫動作を示す工程断面図である。実施の形態2は、第1リフト機構110のメイン動作による収穫動作を想定している。なお、図3は収納籠102が3個の場合を例示しているが、何個であってもよい。また、実施の形態1と共通する部分については説明を省略することもある。
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 is a process sectional view showing a harvesting operation in the second embodiment. The second embodiment assumes a harvesting operation by the main operation of the first lift mechanism 110. Although FIG. 3 illustrates the case where the number of storage baskets 102 is three, any number of storage baskets 102 may be used. Further, the description of the parts common to the first embodiment may be omitted.

以下に説明する第1リフト機構110の動きは、制御装置105によって制御される。 The movement of the first lift mechanism 110 described below is controlled by the control device 105.

まず、図3に示すように、第1把持部材108が、積層された収納籠の最下層の収納籠102を把持する。 First, as shown in FIG. 3, the first gripping member 108 grips the lowermost storage basket 102 of the stacked storage baskets.

次に、第1把持部材108が第1リフト機構110により上昇し、下から2段目の収納籠を第2把持部材109が把持できる位置で停止する。そして、第2把持部材109が、下から2段目の収納籠を把持する(図3(b))。 Next, the first gripping member 108 is raised by the first lift mechanism 110, and stops at a position where the second gripping member 109 can grip the second-stage storage basket from the bottom. Then, the second gripping member 109 grips the second-stage storage basket from the bottom (FIG. 3 (b)).

次に、第1把持部材108が第1リフト機構110により下降し、最下層の収納籠の上方に空間を形成する(図3(c))。この状態で、図1に示す収穫機構101により収穫動作が行われる。さらに、第2把持部材109によって把持される収納籠102と、その一つ下層の収納籠102との間隔に形成された空間に、図1に示すアーム103が挿入され、収穫された対象物を最下層の収納籠102に収納していく。 Next, the first gripping member 108 is lowered by the first lift mechanism 110 to form a space above the lowermost storage basket (FIG. 3 (c)). In this state, the harvesting operation is performed by the harvesting mechanism 101 shown in FIG. Further, the arm 103 shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into the space formed at the space between the storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the storage basket 102 one layer below the storage basket 102, and the harvested object is placed. It is stored in the storage basket 102 on the lowest layer.

最下層の収納籠102が満杯になると、再度図3(b)の状態となるよう第1把持部材108が上昇する。すなわち、第2把持部材109によって把持される収納籠102と、その一つ下層の収納籠102との間隔がなくなるよう、第1把持部材108が上昇する。この状態で、第2把持部材109が把持していた収納籠102を解放し、収納籠1個分上昇し、下から3段目の収納籠102を把持する。そして、第2把持機構109が下降し、下から2段目の収納籠102の上方に空間を形成する(図3(d))。 When the storage basket 102 in the lowermost layer is full, the first gripping member 108 is raised so as to be in the state shown in FIG. 3B again. That is, the first gripping member 108 is raised so that there is no space between the storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the storage basket 102 one layer below the storage basket 102. In this state, the storage basket 102 held by the second gripping member 109 is released, the storage basket 102 is raised by one storage basket, and the storage basket 102 in the third stage from the bottom is gripped. Then, the second gripping mechanism 109 is lowered to form a space above the storage basket 102 in the second stage from the bottom (FIG. 3 (d)).

この状態で中断していた収穫動作が再開され、下から2段目の収納籠102の上方に形成された空間にアーム103が挿入され、収穫された対象物を下から2段目の収納籠102に収納していく。 The harvesting operation that had been interrupted in this state is resumed, the arm 103 is inserted into the space formed above the storage basket 102 in the second stage from the bottom, and the harvested object is placed in the storage basket in the second stage from the bottom. Store in 102.

以下、同様に繰り返し、最上層の収納籠102が満杯になると収穫作業が完了する(図3(e))。 The harvesting operation is completed when the uppermost storage basket 102 is full in the same manner (FIG. 3 (e)).

その後、第1把持部材108は下降し、収納籠102を地上に降ろす(図3(f))。 After that, the first gripping member 108 is lowered, and the storage basket 102 is lowered to the ground (FIG. 3 (f)).

このように、第2把持部材109と、第1把持部材108と、第1把持部材108を上下駆動させる第1リフト機構110により、複数の収納籠102を保持したまま、それぞれの収納籠102に順次対象物を収納できる。したがって、収穫を連続的に行うことができ、収穫効率が向上する。さらに、一度の収穫動作における収穫量を増大させることができる。さらに、満杯になった収納籠を畝道に点々と放出することがないため、放出された収納籠によって他の作業者や作業ロボットによる作業の邪魔となることを、低減することができる。また、満杯になった収納籠を一度に複数放出することで、収納済の収穫籠の回収効率が向上する。また、収穫作業のスタート時には、空の収納籠を積載しておくのみで良く、省スペースと効率化が見込める。 In this way, the second gripping member 109, the first gripping member 108, and the first lift mechanism 110 for vertically driving the first gripping member 108 hold the plurality of storage baskets 102 in the respective storage baskets 102. Objects can be stored in sequence. Therefore, harvesting can be performed continuously, and harvesting efficiency is improved. Furthermore, the yield in one harvesting operation can be increased. Further, since the full storage basket is not discharged to the ridges in spots, it is possible to reduce that the released storage basket interferes with the work by other workers or the work robot. In addition, by releasing a plurality of full storage baskets at once, the collection efficiency of the stored harvest baskets is improved. In addition, at the start of harvesting work, it is only necessary to load an empty storage basket, which is expected to save space and improve efficiency.

(実施の形態3)
図4は、本実施の形態3における収穫動作を示す工程断面図である。実施の形態3は、第2リフト機構111ならびに第1リフト機構110の複合的動作による収穫動作を想定している。なお、図4は収納籠102が5個の場合を例示しているが、何個であってもよい。また、実施の形態1または実施の形態2と共通する部分については、説明を省略することもある。
(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 4 is a process sectional view showing a harvesting operation in the third embodiment. The third embodiment assumes a harvesting operation by a combined operation of the second lift mechanism 111 and the first lift mechanism 110. Although FIG. 4 illustrates the case where the number of storage baskets 102 is 5, any number of storage baskets 102 may be used. Further, the description of the parts common to the first embodiment or the second embodiment may be omitted.

以下に説明する第2リフト機構111及び第1リフト機構110の動きは、制御装置105によって制御される。 The movements of the second lift mechanism 111 and the first lift mechanism 110 described below are controlled by the control device 105.

まず、図4(a)に示すように、第1把持部材108が、積層された収納籠102のうち最下層の収納籠102を把持する。 First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the first gripping member 108 grips the lowermost storage basket 102 of the stacked storage baskets 102.

次に、第1把持部材108が第1リフト機構110により上昇し、最下層の収納籠102を所定の高さに持ち上げる。そして、第2把持部材109が第2リフト機構111により下降し、下から2段目の収穫籠102を把持する(図4(b))。ここで、所定の高さとは、アーム103のストローク範囲内で最も低い位置で、最下層の収穫籠102に対象物を収納できる位置をいう。このことで、第1リフト機構110の駆動を最小限に抑えることができる。また、積層された収納籠102を必要以上に持ち上げなくて済み、重心位置を低く抑えることができる。なお、所定の高さは、上記の位置より高ければ駆動可能である。例えば図4においては、第1リフト機構110は、上記の位置より高くまで上昇している。 Next, the first gripping member 108 is raised by the first lift mechanism 110 to lift the lowermost storage basket 102 to a predetermined height. Then, the second gripping member 109 is lowered by the second lift mechanism 111 to grip the harvest basket 102 in the second stage from the bottom (FIG. 4B). Here, the predetermined height means the position where the object can be stored in the lowermost harvesting basket 102 at the lowest position within the stroke range of the arm 103. As a result, the drive of the first lift mechanism 110 can be minimized. Further, it is not necessary to lift the stacked storage baskets 102 more than necessary, and the position of the center of gravity can be kept low. The predetermined height can be driven if it is higher than the above position. For example, in FIG. 4, the first lift mechanism 110 is raised above the above position.

次に、第2把持部材109が第2リフト機構111により上昇し、最下層の収納籠102の上方に空間を形成する(図4(c))。この状態で、図1に示す収穫機構101により収穫動作が行われる。さらに、第2把持部材109によって把持される収納籠102と、その一つ下層の収納籠102との間隔に形成された空間に、図1に示すアーム103が挿入され、収穫された対象物を最下層の収納籠102に収納していく。 Next, the second gripping member 109 is raised by the second lift mechanism 111 to form a space above the lowermost storage basket 102 (FIG. 4 (c)). In this state, the harvesting operation is performed by the harvesting mechanism 101 shown in FIG. Further, the arm 103 shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into the space formed at the space between the storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the storage basket 102 one layer below the storage basket 102, and the harvested object is placed. It is stored in the storage basket 102 on the lowest layer.

最下層の収納籠102が満杯になると、第2把持部材109によって把持される収納籠102と、その一つ下層の収納籠102との間隔がなくなるよう、第2把持部材109が下降する。この状態で、第2把持部材109が把持していた収納籠102を解放し、第2把持部材109が収納籠1個分上昇もしくは第1把持部材108が収納籠1個分下降し、第2把持部材109が下から3段目の収納籠102を把持する。そして、第2把持部材109が上昇し、下から2段目の収納籠102の上方に空間を形成する(図4(d))。 When the lowermost storage basket 102 is full, the second gripping member 109 is lowered so that there is no space between the storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the storage basket 102 one lower layer thereof. In this state, the storage basket 102 held by the second gripping member 109 is released, the second gripping member 109 rises by one storage basket, or the first gripping member 108 lowers by one storage basket, and the second grip member 109 lowers. The gripping member 109 grips the storage basket 102 at the third stage from the bottom. Then, the second gripping member 109 rises to form a space above the storage basket 102 in the second stage from the bottom (FIG. 4 (d)).

この状態で中断していた収穫動作が再開され、下から2段目の収納籠102の上方に形成された空間にアーム103が挿入され、収穫された対象物を下から2段目の収納籠102に収納していく。 The harvesting operation that had been interrupted in this state is resumed, the arm 103 is inserted into the space formed above the storage basket 102 in the second stage from the bottom, and the harvested object is placed in the storage basket in the second stage from the bottom. Store in 102.

下から2段目の収納籠102が満杯になると、第2把持部材109によって把持される収納籠102と、その一つ下層の収納籠102との間隔がなくなるよう、再び第2把持部材が下降する。この状態で、第2把持部材109が把持していた収納籠102を解放し、第2把持部材109が収納籠1個分上昇もしくは第1把持部材108が収納籠1個分下降し、第2把持部材109が下から4段目の収納籠102を把持する。そして、第2把持部材109が上昇し、下から3段目の収納籠102の上方に空間を形成する(図4(e))。 When the second-stage storage basket 102 from the bottom is full, the second gripping member is lowered again so that there is no space between the storage basket 102 gripped by the second gripping member 109 and the storage basket 102 one layer below the storage basket 102. To do. In this state, the storage basket 102 held by the second gripping member 109 is released, the second gripping member 109 rises by one storage basket, or the first gripping member 108 lowers by one storage basket, and the second grip member 109 lowers. The gripping member 109 grips the storage basket 102 at the fourth stage from the bottom. Then, the second gripping member 109 rises to form a space above the storage basket 102 in the third stage from the bottom (FIG. 4 (e)).

この状態で中断していた収穫動作が再開される。以下、同様に繰り返し(図4(f))、最上層の収納籠102が満杯になると収穫作業が完了する(図4(g))。 The harvesting operation that had been interrupted in this state is resumed. Hereinafter, the same procedure is repeated (FIG. 4 (f)), and the harvesting operation is completed when the uppermost storage basket 102 is full (FIG. 4 (g)).

その後、第1把持部材108は下降し、収納籠102を地上に降ろす(図4(h))。 After that, the first gripping member 108 is lowered, and the storage basket 102 is lowered to the ground (FIG. 4 (h)).

このように、第2把持部材109と、第1把持部材108と、第2把持部材109を上下駆動させる第2リフト機構111と、第1把持部材108を上下駆動させる第1リフト機構110とにより、複数の収納籠102を保持したまま、それぞれの収納籠102に順次対象物を収納できる。したがって、収穫を連続的に行うことができ、収穫効率が向上する。また、実施の形態1または実施の形態2と同様の効果を得ることができる。さらに、実施の形態3ではアーム103のストローク範囲が小さくて済む、もしくは同じストローク範囲で動かすことができ、機構の効率化が図れる。さらに、収納籠を多く積層した場合に、重心位置を低く抑えた状態で把持することができ、安全性が向上し、積層できる収納籠の個数も増やすことができる。 In this way, the second grip member 109, the first grip member 108, the second lift mechanism 111 that drives the second grip member 109 up and down, and the first lift mechanism 110 that drives the first grip member 108 up and down , While holding the plurality of storage baskets 102, the objects can be sequentially stored in the respective storage baskets 102. Therefore, harvesting can be performed continuously, and harvesting efficiency is improved. Further, the same effect as that of the first embodiment or the second embodiment can be obtained. Further, in the third embodiment, the stroke range of the arm 103 can be small, or the arm 103 can be moved in the same stroke range, so that the efficiency of the mechanism can be improved. Further, when a large number of storage baskets are stacked, the position of the center of gravity can be kept low, the safety can be improved, and the number of storage baskets that can be stacked can be increased.

図5は、本実施の形態における第1把持部材108の動作フローを示す概略上面図である。なお、図5において各構成は簡易的に図示されている。 FIG. 5 is a schematic top view showing an operation flow of the first gripping member 108 in the present embodiment. In addition, each configuration is simply illustrated in FIG.

第1把持部材108は、収穫作業の最初の段階または前段階において、地上に置かれた収納籠102を挟む。 The first gripping member 108 sandwiches the storage basket 102 placed on the ground in the first stage or the previous stage of the harvesting operation.

まず、撮像装置104が、地面に載置された収納籠102を撮像する(図5(a))。撮像装置104によって撮影された画像データを基に、制御装置105が収納籠102の位置を特定する。 First, the image pickup device 104 takes an image of the storage basket 102 placed on the ground (FIG. 5 (a)). The control device 105 identifies the position of the storage basket 102 based on the image data captured by the image pickup device 104.

次に、制御装置105は、特定した収納籠102の位置に基づき、収納籠102と第1把持部材108の中心軸を合わせるよう、自走台車106を駆動させる(図5(b))。 Next, the control device 105 drives the self-propelled bogie 106 so as to align the central axes of the storage basket 102 and the first gripping member 108 based on the position of the specified storage basket 102 (FIG. 5B).

次に、制御装置105は、自走台車106を前進させ、ストッパー501に収穫籠102が接触した時点で停止させる(図5(c))。停止させるトリガーは、撮像装置104からの画像データを基にしてもよいし、ストッパー501に接触センサーを仕込んでもよい。 Next, the control device 105 advances the self-propelled bogie 106 and stops it when the harvest basket 102 comes into contact with the stopper 501 (FIG. 5 (c)). The trigger to stop may be based on the image data from the image pickup apparatus 104, or the stopper 501 may be equipped with a contact sensor.

その後、第1把持部材108は、収穫穫102を挟み込む動作を行う(図5(d))。 After that, the first gripping member 108 performs an operation of sandwiching the harvested harvest 102 (FIG. 5 (d)).

このように、第1把持部材108と、撮像装置104と、制御装置105と、自走台車106とにより、地面の任意の位置に置かれた収納籠を自動的に検出し、把持することができる。これによりさらに作業の効率化が図れる。 In this way, the first gripping member 108, the imaging device 104, the control device 105, and the self-propelled bogie 106 can automatically detect and grip the storage basket placed at an arbitrary position on the ground. it can. As a result, work efficiency can be further improved.

なお、本実施の形態においてアーム103は1本としたが、収穫機構101は2本のアームを有していてもよい。アーム103の本数が多いほど、より効率的に収穫作業を行うことができる。 Although the number of arms 103 is one in the present embodiment, the harvesting mechanism 101 may have two arms. The larger the number of arms 103, the more efficiently the harvesting work can be performed.

また、撮像装置104は収穫対象物の位置特定と収納籠の位置特定を行うとしたが、それぞれ別個に専用の撮像装置を有していてもよい。 Further, although the image pickup device 104 is supposed to specify the position of the harvested object and the position of the storage basket, each of them may have a dedicated image pickup device separately.

また、制御装置105は単数のみならず、複数のコンピュータによってその機能を果たしても良い。 Further, the control device 105 may perform its function not only by a single computer but also by a plurality of computers.

また、第2把持部材109と第1把持部材108はそれぞれ収納籠102を把持するとしたが、つばのある収納籠102の場合は、チャックせず、そのつばを引っ掛けて持ち上げる構造としてもよく、要は収納籠102を保持できればよい。 Further, the second gripping member 109 and the first gripping member 108 are supposed to grip the storage basket 102, respectively, but in the case of the storage basket 102 with a brim, the structure may be such that the brim is hooked and lifted without chucking. Should be able to hold the storage basket 102.

本開示の収穫ロボットは、複数の収納籠を保持したまま、順次複数の収納籠に対象物を収納でき、また積層された収納籠を地上に降ろし、またすくい上げる機能を有し、農学分野の収穫作業以外の、工業製品の組立工程におけるピッキングや部品の配膳作業の自動化の用途にも適用できる。 The harvesting robot of the present disclosure can store an object in a plurality of storage baskets in sequence while holding a plurality of storage baskets, and also has a function of lowering and scooping up the stacked storage baskets on the ground, and harvesting in the field of agriculture. In addition to work, it can also be applied to automation of picking and parts serving work in the assembly process of industrial products.

101 収穫機構
102 収納籠
103 アーム
104 撮像装置
105 制御装置
108 第1把持部材
109 第2把持部材
110 第1リフト機構
111 第2リフト機構
101 Harvesting mechanism 102 Storage basket 103 Arm 104 Imaging device 105 Control device 108 First gripping member 109 Second gripping member 110 First lift mechanism 111 Second lift mechanism

Claims (8)

上下方向に沿って配されたn(nは3以上の整数)個の収納籠と、
前記n個の収納籠のうち、最下層の収納籠を把持する第1把持部材と、
前記n個の収納籠のうち、最下層からk(kは2以上で且つn以下の整数)層目の収納籠を把持する第2把持部材と、
前記第1把持部材又は前記第2把持部材を上下に移動させるリフト機構と、
対象物を収穫するアームを含む収穫機構と、
を備え、
前記第2把持部材は、前記n個の収納籠のうちから把持対象の収納籠を可変に構成され、
前記第1把持部材が、前記n個の収納籠のうち、積載された前記最下層の収納籠からk−1層目の収納籠までを支持し、
前記第2把持部材が、前記n個の収納籠のうち、積載された前記k層目の収納籠からn層目の収納籠までを支持する、
収穫ロボット。
N (n is an integer of 3 or more) storage baskets arranged along the vertical direction,
Of the n storage baskets, the first gripping member that grips the lowest layer storage basket and
Of the n storage baskets, a second gripping member that grips the k (k is an integer of 2 or more and n or less) layer from the bottom layer, and
A lift mechanism for moving the first grip member or the second grip member up and down,
A harvesting mechanism that includes an arm to harvest the object,
With
The second gripping member is configured to variably configure the storage basket to be gripped from the n storage baskets.
Among the n storage baskets, the first gripping member supports the loaded bottom layer storage basket to the k-1th layer storage basket.
The second gripping member supports from the k-th layer storage basket to the n-th layer storage basket loaded among the n storage baskets.
Harvesting robot.
前記リフト機構は、前記k層目の収納籠と前記k−1層目の収納籠の間に空間が形成されるように、前記第1把持部材又は前記第2把持部材を上下に移動させ、
前記収穫機構は、収穫した前記対象物を前記k−1層目の収納籠に収納する、
請求項1に記載の収穫ロボット。
The lift mechanism moves the first gripping member or the second gripping member up and down so that a space is formed between the k-th layer storage cage and the k-1st layer storage cage.
The harvesting mechanism stores the harvested object in the k-1 layer storage basket.
The harvesting robot according to claim 1.
前記収穫機構は、前記アームを前記空間に配置する、
請求項2に記載の収穫ロボット。
The harvesting mechanism arranges the arm in the space.
The harvesting robot according to claim 2.
前記第2把持部材に、前記k層目の収納籠の把持状態を解放させて、前記k層目の収納籠から前記n層目の収納籠までを、前記k−1層目の収納籠の上に積載するように、前記第1把持部材に支持させた後、前記第2把持部材に、前記n個の収納籠のうち、最下層からt(tは2以上で且つn以下の整数)層目の収納籠を把持させる制御装置を更に備える、
請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の収穫ロボット。
The second gripping member is allowed to release the gripping state of the k-th layer storage basket, and the k-th layer storage basket to the n-th layer storage basket of the k-1th layer storage basket After being supported by the first gripping member so as to be loaded on the top, t (t is an integer of 2 or more and n or less) from the bottom layer of the n storage baskets on the second gripping member. Further equipped with a control device for gripping the layered storage basket,
The harvesting robot according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
当該収穫ロボットを走行させる自走台車を更に備える、
請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の収穫ロボット。
Further equipped with a self-propelled trolley for running the harvesting robot,
The harvesting robot according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
当該収穫ロボットの周囲領域を撮影する撮像装置と、
前記撮像装置に撮影された画像に基づいて、地面に載置された収納籠の位置を特定し、特定された位置へ前記自走台車を誘導し、当該収納籠を前記第1把持部材により把持させる制御装置と、更に備える、
請求項5に記載の収穫ロボット。
An imaging device that captures the surrounding area of the harvesting robot,
Based on the image taken by the image pickup device, the position of the storage basket placed on the ground is specified, the self-propelled trolley is guided to the specified position, and the storage basket is gripped by the first gripping member. A control device to make it, and further equipped,
The harvesting robot according to claim 5.
前記第1把持部材は、前記最下層の収納籠を、当該収納籠の下面と前記第1把持部材の下面との間の距離がLとなる位置で把持し、
前記リフト機構は、前記第1把持部材の下面と地面との間の距離がL以下になるまで、前記第1把持部材を移動可能に構成されている、
請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の収穫ロボット。
The first gripping member grips the lowermost storage basket at a position where the distance between the lower surface of the storage basket and the lower surface of the first gripping member is L.
The lift mechanism is configured to be able to move the first gripping member until the distance between the lower surface of the first gripping member and the ground is L or less.
The harvesting robot according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
上下方向に沿って配された2個の収納籠と、
前記2個の収納籠のうち、下層の収納籠を把持する第1把持部材と、
前記2個の収納籠のうち、上層の収納籠を把持する第2把持部材と、
前記第1把持部材又は前記第2把持部材を上下に移動させるリフト機構と、
対象物を収穫するアームを含む収穫機構と、
を備え、
前記リフト機構は、前記下層の収納籠と前記上層の収納籠の間に空間が形成されるように、前記第1把持部材又は前記第2把持部材を上下に移動させ、
前記収穫機構は、収穫した前記対象物を前記下層の収納籠に収納する、
収穫ロボット。

Two storage baskets arranged along the vertical direction,
Of the two storage baskets, the first gripping member that grips the lower layer storage basket and
Of the two storage baskets, a second gripping member that grips the upper storage basket and
A lift mechanism for moving the first grip member or the second grip member up and down,
A harvesting mechanism that includes an arm to harvest the object,
With
The lift mechanism moves the first gripping member or the second gripping member up and down so that a space is formed between the lower layer storage basket and the upper layer storage basket.
The harvesting mechanism stores the harvested object in the lower storage basket.
Harvesting robot.

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