JP2021035332A - Novel whey protein material - Google Patents
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- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000015140 cultured milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015063 acidophilus milk Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000021262 sour milk Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 8
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020244 animal milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-glucono-1,5-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004523 agglutinating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium lactate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001527 calcium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002401 calcium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011086 calcium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013341 fat substitute Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003778 fat substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000182 glucono-delta-lactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003681 gluconolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009145 protein modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- Dairy Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、新規なホエイタンパク質素材に関する。 The present invention relates to novel whey protein materials.
牛乳等の獣乳からチーズやカゼインを製造した際の副産物であるホエイは、その成分として乳糖、ミネラルやホエイタンパク質を含んでいる。このうち、ホエイタンパク質は良質なタンパク質源として認知されており、ホエイをＵＦ膜で濃縮することでホエイタンパク質濃度を高め、乳糖やミネラル濃度を低減させたＷＰＣ(Ｗｈｅｙ Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ Ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅ)やＷＰＩ（Ｗｈｅｙ Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ Ｉｓｏｌａｔｅ）などのホエイタンパク質素材が製造販売されている。近年では、ホエイタンパク質を加熱することによって変性・凝集する性質を利用したＭＰ（Ｍｉｃｒｏｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｄ；微粒子化）ホエイの素材やその製造装置等が販売されている。ＭＰホエイは一般的に、ホエイタンパク質の凝集物で、体積基準のメジアン径が０．５〜１０μｍ、５０００ｇ〜１５０００ｇの遠心分離によって沈殿する画分である。 Whey, which is a by-product of producing cheese and casein from animal milk such as milk, contains lactose, minerals and whey protein as its components. Of these, whey protein is recognized as a high-quality protein source, and WPC (Whey Protein Concentrate) and WPI (Whey Protein), which increase whey protein concentration by concentrating whey with a UF membrane and reduce lactose and mineral concentrations, are recognized. Whey protein materials such as Isolate) are manufactured and sold. In recent years, materials for MP (microparticulated) whey utilizing the property of denaturing and agglutinating whey protein by heating, and an apparatus for producing the same have been sold. MP whey is generally an aggregate of whey protein, a fraction precipitated by centrifugation with a volume-based median diameter of 0.5-10 μm and 5000 g-15000 g.
特許文献１はホエイタンパク質を加熱せん断処理することで脂肪の代替として使用でき
るＭＰホエイの製造方法について開示している。
非特許文献１では、ＭＰホエイを調製する際の乳糖や加熱温度がＭＰホエイの粒子径、構造および保水性に与える影響について報告している。乳糖濃度が高い状態で調製することでＭＰホエイの構造が変わり保水性が高くなるとしているが、乳糖濃度が１３．５重量％のホエイ溶液について検討しているにすぎない。
Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing MP whey that can be used as a substitute for fat by heat-shearing whey protein.
Non-Patent Document 1 reports the effects of lactose and heating temperature in preparing MP whey on the particle size, structure and water retention of MP whey. It is said that the structure of MP whey changes and the water retention becomes higher by preparing it in a state where the lactose concentration is high, but only a whey solution having a lactose concentration of 13.5% by weight is being investigated.
一般的に発酵乳やヨーグルトなどの離水抑制や硬度付与を目的としてＷＰＣやＷＰＩが用いられるが、非特許文献２、３では、５重量％のカゼインを含む酸乳ゲルと、２．５重量％のカゼインと２．５重量％のＭＰホエイを含む酸乳ゲルでは、後者のほうが硬度や動的粘弾性が低いことを報告している。このことから、ＭＰホエイはＷＰＣやＷＰＩのように離水抑制や硬度付与効果がなく、逆に硬度を下げるものであることが一般に知られているといえる。
特許文献２では、部分加熱変性ホエイタンパク質によって振動に安定で離水の少ない発酵乳および製造方法について開示している。部分加熱変性ホエイタンパク質もＭＰホエイもどちらも加熱によってホエイタンパク質を凝集させたものである。しかしながら、ＭＰホエイは体積基準のメジアン径が０．５〜１０μｍであり５０００ｇ〜１５０００ｇの遠心分離で沈殿するが、部分加熱変性ホエイタンパク質は可溶性の凝集体であり粒子径が小さく１５０００ｇでも沈殿しない。このため、部分加熱変性ホエイタンパク質は、その物理的な構造がＭＰホエイとは異なるものである。
Generally, WPC and WPI are used for the purpose of suppressing water separation and imparting hardness to fermented milk and yogurt, but in Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3, sour milk gel containing 5% by weight of casein and 2.5% by weight are used. In sour milk gels containing casein and 2.5% by weight of MP whey, the latter has been reported to have lower hardness and dynamic viscoelasticity. From this, it can be said that it is generally known that MP whey does not have the effect of suppressing water separation and imparting hardness like WPC and WPI, but rather lowers the hardness.
Patent Document 2 discloses a fermented milk that is stable against vibration and has little water separation by a partially heat-modified whey protein, and a production method. Both partially heat-denatured whey protein and MP whey are whey proteins aggregated by heating. However, MP whey has a volume-based median diameter of 0.5 to 10 μm and precipitates by centrifugation at 5000 g to 15000 g, whereas partially heat-modified whey protein is a soluble aggregate and has a small particle size and does not precipitate even at 15000 g. Therefore, the physical structure of partially heat-modified whey protein is different from that of MP whey.
ＭＰホエイは、上記したように、一般的にはホエイタンパク質を加熱するなどして変性・凝集させることで製造されるが、その用途は、脂肪代替品としての使用に限られていた。
しかし、従来、無脂肪タイプの発酵乳は離水防止や保形性の付与が必要であるという課題があるが、ＭＰホエイに従来なかった離水抑制や硬度上昇の機能を付与することができれば、この課題を解決する新たな機能性を有するホエイタンパク質素材となると考えられる。
As described above, MP whey is generally produced by denaturing and aggregating whey protein by heating it, but its use has been limited to its use as a fat substitute.
However, conventionally, fat-free fermented milk has a problem that it is necessary to prevent water separation and impart shape retention. However, if MP whey can be provided with functions of water separation suppression and hardness increase, which have not been conventionally performed, this problem is achieved. It is considered to be a whey protein material with new functionality that solves the problem.
本発明の課題は、発酵乳などの酸乳ゲルの離水抑制や硬度上昇機能をもったＭＰホエイを含有する、従来にない特徴を有するホエイタンパク質素材及びその製造方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a whey protein material having unprecedented characteristics and a method for producing the same, which contains MP whey having a function of suppressing water separation and increasing hardness of sour milk gel such as fermented milk.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明には以下の構成が含まれる。
［１］乳糖を２０〜４０重量％含有するホエイ溶液に対して加熱とせん断を実施することからなるＭＰホエイを含有するホエイタンパク質素材の製造方法。
［２］前記ホエイ溶液のタンパク質含量が５重量％以上である［１］のホエイタンパク質素材の製造方法。
［３］前記ホエイ溶液が、濃度がホエイタンパク質１重量％に対して０．００５重量％以上であるカルシウムをさらに含有する［１］又は［２］のホエイタンパク質素材の製造方法。
［４］前記ホエイ溶液の加熱を７０℃以上で行う［１］〜［３］のいずれかのホエイタンパク質素材の製造方法。
［５］全固形分あたり６６〜８０重量％の乳糖、及び１６〜３１重量％のＭＰホエイを含有し、前記ＭＰホエイのメジアン径は５μｍ以下である液体状のホエイタンパク質素材。
［６］全固形分あたり６６〜８０重量％の乳糖、及び１６〜３１重量％のＭＰホエイを含有し、前記ＭＰホエイのメジアン径は５μｍ以下である粉末状のホエイタンパク質素材。
［７］［５］又は［６］のホエイタンパク質素材を含有する発酵乳。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes the following configurations.
[1] A method for producing a whey protein material containing MP whey, which comprises heating and shearing a whey solution containing 20 to 40% by weight of lactose.
[2] The method for producing a whey protein material according to [1], wherein the protein content of the whey solution is 5% by weight or more.
[3] The method for producing a whey protein material according to [1] or [2], wherein the whey solution further contains calcium having a concentration of 0.005% by weight or more with respect to 1% by weight of whey protein.
[4] The method for producing a whey protein material according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the whey solution is heated at 70 ° C. or higher.
[5] A liquid whey protein material containing 66 to 80% by weight of lactose and 16 to 31% by weight of MP whey per total solid content, and the median diameter of the MP whey is 5 μm or less.
[6] A powdered whey protein material containing 66 to 80% by weight of lactose and 16 to 31% by weight of MP whey per total solid content, and the median diameter of the MP whey is 5 μm or less.
[7] Fermented milk containing the whey protein material of [5] or [6].
本発明は、発酵乳やヨーグルトなどの離水抑制や硬度上昇機能をもったＭＰホエイを含有する、従来にない特徴を有するホエイタンパク質素材及びその製造方法を提供することができる。 The present invention can provide a whey protein material having unprecedented characteristics and a method for producing the same, which contains MP whey having a function of suppressing water separation and increasing hardness such as fermented milk and yogurt.
本発明の実施の形態に係るホエイタンパク質素材について以下に詳細に説明する。
（ホエイタンパク質）
原材料となるホエイタンパク質は、牛乳等の獣乳に含まれている。ホエイタンパク質が含まれるホエイ溶液は、ナチュラルチーズやカゼインを製造する際の副産物として得られる。ホエイ溶液から脂肪やカゼインファインを排除する工程、膜やイオン交換樹脂等を用いることで灰分や乳糖を除去しホエイタンパク質を濃縮する工程を経て濃縮ホエイ溶液が得られる。この後、噴霧乾燥や凍結乾燥することでＷＰＣやＷＰＩが得られる。
The whey protein material according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.
(Whey protein)
Whey protein, which is a raw material, is contained in animal milk such as milk. Whey solution containing whey protein is obtained as a by-product in the production of natural cheese and casein. A concentrated whey solution can be obtained through a step of removing fat and casein fine from the whey solution and a step of removing ash and lactose by using a membrane or an ion exchange resin to concentrate whey protein. After that, WPC and WPI can be obtained by spray drying or freeze drying.
本発明に関わるホエイタンパク質素材を製造するにあたっては、上述の液状の濃縮ホエイ溶液を用いてもよく、また市販のＷＰＣやＷＰＩを水等の溶媒に還元したものを用いてもよい。
ホエイ溶液中のタンパク質含量は５重量％以上が好ましく、１０重量％〜２０重量％が最も好ましい。
本発明で、酸乳ゲルの離水抑制や硬度上昇機能をもったＭＰホエイを製造するためのホエイ溶液は、高濃度の乳糖を含有していることに特徴があり、ホエイ溶液中の乳糖濃度は２０重量％以上が好ましく、３０重量％以上がより好ましく、４０重量％程度が最も好ましい。
また、ホエイ溶液中にはカルシウムが含まれていることが好ましく、ホエイ溶液中のカルシウム濃度はホエイタンパク質１重量％に対して０．００５重量％以上であればよい。ホエイ溶液中にこの程度のカルシウムが存在することで、ホエイ溶液を加熱した際にホエイタンパク質が速やかに凝集し、これにせん断をかけることでＭＰホエイの形態とすることができる。
本発明に用いる乳糖は、食品であればどのようなものでも用いることができる。
本発明に用いるカルシウム素材は、食品であればどのようなものでも用いることができ、塩化カルシウム、乳酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム等を例示できるが、このうち塩化カルシウムが好ましい。
In producing the whey protein material according to the present invention, the above-mentioned liquid concentrated whey solution may be used, or a commercially available WPC or WPI reduced to a solvent such as water may be used.
The protein content in the whey solution is preferably 5% by weight or more, most preferably 10% by weight to 20% by weight.
In the present invention, the whey solution for producing MP whey having a function of suppressing water separation and increasing hardness of acid milk gel is characterized in that it contains a high concentration of lactose, and the lactose concentration in the whey solution is high. 20% by weight or more is preferable, 30% by weight or more is more preferable, and about 40% by weight is most preferable.
Further, it is preferable that the whey solution contains calcium, and the calcium concentration in the whey solution may be 0.005% by weight or more with respect to 1% by weight of whey protein. The presence of this amount of calcium in the whey solution causes the whey protein to rapidly aggregate when the whey solution is heated, and shearing this can result in the form of MP whey.
The lactose used in the present invention can be any food product.
Any food material can be used as the calcium material used in the present invention, and calcium chloride, calcium lactate, calcium phosphate and the like can be exemplified, of which calcium chloride is preferable.
（ホエイタンパク質の改質処理）
上記のホエイ溶液に対して加熱とせん断を実施する。加熱はホエイタンパク質が変性・凝集する温度であればよく、７０℃以上が好ましく８０℃以上がより好ましく、９０℃以上が最も好ましい。せん断は市販の高圧均質機等で実施可能である。また加熱とせん断を同時に処理できる、例えば、かきとり式殺菌機等でも実施可能である。加熱とせん断を行うことができれば特に上記に限定されない。このような改質処理により、ホエイタンパク質は改質されたＭＰホエイとなる。
(Whey protein modification treatment)
Heat and shear the above whey solution. The heating may be at a temperature at which whey protein is denatured and aggregated, and is preferably 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 90 ° C. or higher. Shearing can be performed with a commercially available high-pressure homogenizer or the like. It can also be carried out by, for example, a scraping type sterilizer that can process heating and shearing at the same time. The above is not particularly limited as long as heating and shearing can be performed. By such a modification treatment, whey protein becomes modified MP whey.
（新規なホエイタンパク質素材）
改質処理によって得られたホエイ溶液をそのまま発酵乳やヨーグルトなどに用いてもよく、噴霧乾燥や凍結乾燥によって粉末にしてもよい。また、前記処理により改質したＭＰホエイは加熱せん断処理したホエイ溶液を遠心分離して得られる沈殿の画分であり、乳糖や灰分などの可溶性の物質を除去してＭＰホエイの画分のみを使用することも可能である。
すなわち、本発明による新規なホエイタンパク質素材は、酸乳ゲルの離水抑制や硬度上昇機能をもったＭＰホエイを含有するホエイ溶液であってもよいし、噴霧乾燥や凍結乾燥により粉末にされた前記ＭＰホエイでもよい。また、遠心分離により乳糖や灰分などの可溶性物質を除去した前記ＭＰホエイの画分であってもよい。
(New whey protein material)
The whey solution obtained by the reforming treatment may be used as it is for fermented milk, yogurt, etc., or may be powdered by spray drying or freeze drying. The MP whey modified by the above treatment is a precipitate fraction obtained by centrifuging the heat-sheared whey solution, and removes soluble substances such as lactose and ash to remove only the MP whey fraction. It is also possible to use.
That is, the novel whey protein material according to the present invention may be a whey solution containing MP whey having a function of suppressing water separation and increasing hardness of an acid milk gel, or may be a whey solution powdered by spray drying or freeze drying. It may be MP whey. Further, it may be the fraction of the MP whey from which soluble substances such as lactose and ash have been removed by centrifugation.
具体的には、本発明のホエイタンパク質素材は、全固形分あたり６６〜８０重量％の乳糖、及び１６〜３１重量％のＭＰホエイを含有し、前記ＭＰホエイのメジアン径は５μｍ以下である液体状、又は粉末状のホエイタンパク質素材である。
本発明のホエイタンパク質素材に含まれるＭＰホエイは、体積基準のメジアン径が０．５〜５μｍとなるものが好ましく、特に０．５〜３．０μｍが最も好ましい。
Specifically, the whey protein material of the present invention contains 66 to 80% by weight of lactose and 16 to 31% by weight of MP whey per total solid content, and the median diameter of the MP whey is 5 μm or less. Whey protein material in the form or powder.
The MP whey contained in the whey protein material of the present invention preferably has a volume-based median diameter of 0.5 to 5 μm, and most preferably 0.5 to 3.0 μm.
本発明の製造方法で製造された新規なホエイタンパク質素材は、後述する実施例と比較例の検討から明らかなとおり、含有するＭＰホエイが、適度な柔軟性と多孔性を有する構造を持つに至った点に特徴がある。この点について、本発明の発明者らは、次のような機序であると推定しているが、本発明は、このような推定に基づいて限定的に解釈されるものではない。
すなわち、本発明は、特定の濃度の乳糖を含むホエイ溶液に対し、加熱とせん断を実施するという改質方法を採用することに特徴がある。
通常は、ホエイ溶液に加熱とせん断を実施すると、加熱やせん断の程度に応じてホエイタンパク質が変性・凝集する。しかし、適切な濃度の乳糖がホエイ溶液中に存在すると、ホエイタンパク質の熱やせん断による変性や凝集に対して乳糖が抑制的に作用し、その結果、改質されたＭＰホエイは、通常のＭＰホエイとは異なり、適度の柔軟性と多孔性を有する凝集体となる。
そして、本発明の改質処理を受けたＭＰホエイが発酵乳等に添加されると、疎水性相互作用により発酵乳中のガゼインカードのネットワークに取り込まれ、そのネットワークを補強すると考えられる。このため、本発明のＭＰホエイは適度な柔軟性と保水性を有するので、醗酵乳中のガゼインカードの硬度と保水性が向上すると推測している。
As is clear from the examination of Examples and Comparative Examples described later, the novel whey protein material produced by the production method of the present invention has a structure in which the MP whey contained therein has appropriate flexibility and porosity. It is characterized by the fact that it is. In this regard, the inventors of the present invention presume that the mechanism is as follows, but the present invention is not limitedly interpreted based on such presumption.
That is, the present invention is characterized in adopting a modification method in which a whey solution containing a specific concentration of lactose is heated and sheared.
Normally, when a whey solution is heated and sheared, whey protein is denatured and aggregated depending on the degree of heating and shearing. However, when the appropriate concentration of lactose is present in the whey solution, lactose acts suppressively against denaturation and aggregation of whey protein due to heat and shear, and as a result, the modified MP whey becomes a normal MP. Unlike whey, it is an agglomerate with moderate flexibility and porosity.
Then, when the modified MP whey of the present invention is added to fermented milk or the like, it is considered that it is incorporated into the network of casein card in fermented milk by hydrophobic interaction and reinforces the network. Therefore, since the MP whey of the present invention has appropriate flexibility and water retention, it is presumed that the hardness and water retention of casein curd in fermented milk are improved.
このようにして製造された新規なホエイタンパク質素材は、全固形分あたり６６〜８０重量％の乳糖、及び１６〜３１重量％のＭＰホエイを含有し、前記ＭＰホエイのメジアン径は５μｍ以下である液体状、又は粉末状のホエイタンパク質素材である。 The novel whey protein material thus produced contains 66-80% by weight lactose and 16-31% by weight MP whey per total solid content, and the median diameter of the MP whey is 5 μm or less. A liquid or powdered whey protein material.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明していくが、本発明が実施例に限定解釈されることはない。
［実施例１］
（１）ホエイ溶液の調製
ＷＰＩを１０重量％濃度に還元し、乳糖を終濃度で１０重量％、２０重量％、３０重量％、４０重量％添加した。塩化カルシウムを終濃度で０．０５重量％添加した。
（２）加熱せん断処理
ホエイ溶液を９０℃で加熱しながらせん断処理した。ホエイ溶液の粒度分布（体積基準のメジアン径）および全タンパク質中のＭＰホエイ含量を測定した。ＭＰホエイ画分は、加熱処理後のホエイ溶液を１５０００ｇで遠心分離した後、上清中のタンパク質濃度を測定することで算出した。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples, but the present invention will not be construed as being limited to Examples.
[Example 1]
(1) Preparation of whey solution WPI was reduced to a concentration of 10% by weight, and lactose was added at a final concentration of 10% by weight, 20% by weight, 30% by weight, and 40% by weight. Calcium chloride was added at a final concentration of 0.05% by weight.
(2) Heat-shearing treatment The whey solution was sheared while being heated at 90 ° C. The particle size distribution (volume-based median diameter) of the whey solution and the MP whey content in the total protein were measured. The MP whey fraction was calculated by centrifuging the heat-treated whey solution at 15,000 g and then measuring the protein concentration in the supernatant.
得られたホエイ溶液中の乳糖濃度、全タンパク質中のＭＰホエイ含量、及びＭＰホエイの体積基準のメジアン径は、表１のとおりとなる。
表１の結果から明らかなとおり、乳糖濃度の増加に伴い、全タンパク質におけるＭＰホエイ濃度およびメジアン径が低下した。これは乳糖がホエイタンパク質の加熱による変性あるいは凝集に対して抑制的に働いたためである。この結果形成された改質ＭＰホエイは、低濃度（０を含む）の乳糖存在下で加熱せん断を受けたＭＰホエイと比較して、適度に多孔性を有する構造になるものと考えられる。 As is clear from the results in Table 1, the MP whey concentration and median diameter in all proteins decreased as the lactose concentration increased. This is because lactose acted suppressively against denaturation or aggregation of whey protein due to heating. It is considered that the modified MP whey formed as a result has a structure having moderate porosity as compared with the MP whey subjected to heat shear in the presence of low concentration (including 0) lactose.
表１のデータから換算した乳糖及びＭＰホエイの固形分当たりの濃度とＭＰホエイの体積基準のメジアン径は次の表２のとおりとなる。これらのホエイタンパク質素材を酸乳ゲルに投入して、その効果を確認した。
（３）酸乳ゲルの調製
脱脂粉乳を１０重量％濃度となるように水に還元させた。表１及び表２に示したＭＰホエイ溶液から可溶性タンパク質および乳糖を除去するために遠心分離を行い、沈殿を回収し蒸留水に再懸濁した。この操作を５回繰り返した。各水準のＭＰホエイをタンパク質として１．０重量％ずつ還元脱脂乳に添加した。１．５重量％のグルコノδラクトンを添加し酸乳ゲルを調製した。
(3) Preparation of sour milk gel The skim milk powder was reduced to water so as to have a concentration of 10% by mass. Centrifugation was performed to remove soluble protein and lactose from the MP whey solutions shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the precipitate was recovered and resuspended in distilled water. This operation was repeated 5 times. Each level of MP whey was added as protein to reduced skim milk in an amount of 1.0% by weight. An sour milk gel was prepared by adding 1.5% by weight of glucono delta lactone.
（４）酸乳ゲルの評価
酸乳ゲルの硬度および保水性を測定した。硬度は最大荷重で定義した。最大荷重は、テクスチャーアナライザーを用いて、酸乳ゲルを対象とした貫入試験により測定した。最大荷重は、具体的には、１０℃に調整したサンプルをテクスチャーアナライザーに供し、測定スピード：１ｍｍ／秒、貫入距離：１０ｍｍ、治具：直径１６ｍｍ、高さ２５ｍｍの樹脂円柱プローブで測定できる。サンプルの大きさは、貫入距離の１０ｍｍ以上の高さがあり、直径１６ｍｍ以上であればよい。
保水性は酸乳ゲルを遠沈管に調製した後、２０００ｇ、１０分間遠心分離した後、酸乳ゲルカード上に出た上清の重量と元の酸乳ゲルカード重量から算出した。具体的には下記の式で算出した。
酸乳ゲルの保水性＝（１−（上清の重量）／酸乳ゲルカード重）×１００％
(4) Evaluation of sour milk gel The hardness and water retention of sour milk gel were measured. Hardness was defined as the maximum load. The maximum load was measured by a penetration test on sour milk gel using a texture analyzer. Specifically, the maximum load can be measured by subjecting a sample adjusted to 10 ° C. to a texture analyzer, measuring speed: 1 mm / sec, penetration distance: 10 mm, jig: diameter 16 mm, and height 25 mm. The size of the sample may be a height of 10 mm or more of the penetration distance and a diameter of 16 mm or more.
The water retention was calculated from the weight of the supernatant on the sour milk gel curd and the weight of the original sour milk gel curd after preparing the sour milk gel in a centrifuge tube and centrifuging 2000 g for 10 minutes. Specifically, it was calculated by the following formula.
Water retention of sour milk gel = (1- (weight of supernatant) / weight of sour milk gel curd) x 100%
結果、図１に示したように、実施例１〜３ので改質したＭＰホエイを添加した酸乳ゲルは乳糖を添加していない比較例１と比較して保水性が高くなった。特に実施例３については、比較例２よりも保水性が有意に高くなった。
一方で、図２に示したように、実施例３のみ、比較例１および２と比べて硬度が有意に高くなった。実施例３の改質ＭＰホエイは特に酸乳ゲルの保水性と硬度を上昇させたことからカゼインのネットワーク形成に寄与している可能性が考えられる。
As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the sour milk gel to which the modified MP whey was added in Examples 1 to 3 had higher water retention than that of Comparative Example 1 to which no lactose was added. In particular, in Example 3, the water retention was significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 2.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the hardness of Example 3 alone was significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Since the modified MP whey of Example 3 particularly increased the water retention and hardness of the sour milk gel, it is considered that it may contribute to the formation of a casein network.
これらの実験結果から、実施例１〜３におけるホエイタンパク質素材は、全固形分あたり６６〜８０重量％の乳糖、及び１６〜３１重量％のＭＰホエイを含有し、前記ＭＰホエイのメジアン径は５μｍ以下である液体状のホエイタンパク質素材であるが、酸乳ゲルの離水抑制や硬度上昇機能をもつことが明らかとなった。
また、上記液体状のホエイタンパク質素材を粉末化して得られた粉末状のホエイタンパク質素材においても、全固形分当たりで上記液体状のホエイタンパク質素材と同じ割合の乳糖とＭＰホエイを含有し、ＭＰホエイのメジアン径も同じである。このため、酸乳ゲルに投入した場合にも、同様に酸乳ゲルの離水抑制や硬度上昇機能をもつものである。
From these experimental results, the whey protein material in Examples 1 to 3 contained 66 to 80% by weight of lactose and 16 to 31% by weight of MP whey per total solid content, and the median diameter of the MP whey was 5 μm. The following liquid whey protein material has been shown to have the functions of suppressing water separation and increasing hardness of sour milk gel.
Further, the powdered whey protein material obtained by powdering the liquid whey protein material also contains lactose and MP whey in the same proportion as the liquid whey protein material per total solid content, and MP. The whey median diameter is the same. Therefore, even when it is put into the sour milk gel, it also has a function of suppressing water separation and increasing the hardness of the sour milk gel.
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