JP2021031894A - Sluice, irrigation device, irrigation system and crop cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a sluice that can be positioned so that the position of an upper end is almost the same as the position of the surface of a ridge, and the water level required for the agricultural land can be adjusted.SOLUTION: A sluice of the present invention comprises: an outer cylinder buried in a ridge with a bottom wall facing down; an inflow portion that allows liquid to flow from an outside to an inside of the outer cylinder; an outflow portion that allows the liquid to flow out from the inside to the outside; an intermediate cylinder that is housed inside and can be expanded and contracted along the vertical direction; a slide cylinder that fits into an upper portion of the outer cylinder and is slidable; and a lid attached to the slide cylinder and capable of opening and closing an upper opening of the slide cylinder. The slide cylinder is positioned so that the vertical position of the lid when the opening is closed is substantially the same as the position of the surface of the ridge. The intermediate cylinder is adjusted to a length at which the upper end thereof is the position of the water level required for the agricultural land adjacent to the ridge.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to locks, irrigation equipment, irrigation systems and crop cultivation methods.

As shown in FIG. 1, Patent Document 1 discloses a sluice that includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and a block cover, and adjusts the groundwater level. Here, the outer cylinder extends upward from the bottom, and the lower end thereof is connected to the drainage port. The inner cylinder is provided inside the outer cylinder, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the vertical direction. The closing cover is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder, and is configured to be able to close a plurality of through holes according to the mounting position in the vertical direction with respect to the inner cylinder. In addition, the drainage port is formed at the bottom of the sluice and is connected to an underdrain pipe buried in the ground.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-196954

By the way, in the sluice disclosed in Patent Document 1, the length of the outer cylinder cannot be adjusted. Therefore, depending on the shape of the ridge and the positional relationship between the ridge and the farmland in the vertical direction, the sluice must be buried with the upper part of the outer cylinder protruding from the ridge. And, it is not preferable that a part of the sluice protrudes from the ridge like the above-mentioned sluice because, for example, it becomes an obstacle during mowing work and causes humans to stumble when walking.

An object of the present invention is to provide a sluice that can adjust the water level required for agricultural land while being able to position the upper end so that the position of the upper end is substantially the same as the position of the surface of the ridge.

The water shackle of the first aspect of the present invention is a bottomed cylinder buried in a ridge with the bottom wall facing downward, and two through holes are formed at different positions in the vertical direction on the peripheral wall. It is fixed to the outer cylinder and the upper through hole of the two through holes, and is fixed to the inflow portion for flowing the liquid from the outside to the inside of the outer cylinder and the lower through hole of the two through holes. , The outflow portion that allows the liquid to flow out from the inside to the outside, and the same or from the outflow portion that is a cylinder housed in the inside and is below the inflow portion and separated from the bottom wall. At the upper position, the lower end is in contact with the peripheral wall over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction, and the inner cylinder that can expand and contract along the vertical direction and the slide that fits into the upper part of the outer cylinder and is slidable. The slide cylinder includes a cylinder and a lid which is attached to the slide cylinder and can open and close the upper opening of the slide cylinder. The slide cylinder has the ridges in the vertical position of the lid when the opening is closed. Positioned so as to be substantially identical to the position of the surface of the shore, the middle cylinder is adjusted to a length at which the upper end thereof is the position of the water level required for the farmland adjacent to the ridge.

The water rod of the second aspect of the present invention is the water rod of the first aspect, and the middle cylinder is a telescopic cylinder that can be expanded and contracted along the vertical direction and a lower side that is attached to the lower side of the telescopic cylinder. The outer peripheral portion of the lower cap having a side cap is an elastic member whose diameter gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower end, and the portion of the outer cylinder in contact with the elastic member is from the upper side to the lower side. The inner peripheral surface is gradually reduced in diameter, and the inner cylinder is held by the outer cylinder with the outer peripheral portion in contact with the inner peripheral surface.

The sluice according to the third aspect of the present invention is the sluice according to the second aspect, wherein at least a part of the sluice is arranged inside the middle cylinder and includes a shaft portion fixed to the lower cap. Has an upper cap attached to the upper side of the telescopic cylinder, and the upper cap is adjusted to the length of the middle cylinder in which the upper end of the middle cylinder is the position of the required water level. Then, it is fixed to the shaft portion.

The sluice of the fourth aspect of the present invention is the sluice of the second aspect or the third aspect, and the shaft portion is fitted into the hollow shaft fixed to the lower cap and the inside of the hollow shaft. The slide shaft has a slide shaft that is slidable with respect to the hollow shaft, and the slide shaft is in contact with the bottom wall and is supported by the bottom wall while supporting the hollow shaft, whereby the outer peripheral portion is supported. The state is separated from the inner peripheral surface.

The sluice according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the sluice according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, and the telescopic cylinder is a bellows.

The sluice according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is the sluice according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, and the telescopic cylinder has a plurality of cylinders having different diameters, and the plurality of cylinders have different diameters. Are arranged so as to be fitted to each other around an axis along the vertical direction, and can be expanded and contracted in the vertical direction as some of the plurality of cylinders move in the vertical direction. There is.

The irrigation apparatus of the first aspect of the present invention stores the water drain of any one of the first to sixth aspects and the liquid supplied from the main liquid supply pipe, and supplies the stored liquid to the agricultural land. A water channel section for connecting the inflow section and the supply section and transporting a liquid from the supply section to the inflow section is provided, and a part of the water channel section is underground in the agricultural land. It is an underdrain pipe that is arranged and has a plurality of through holes formed on the outer circumference.

The irrigation device of the second aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device of the first aspect, and the supply unit supplies the liquid supplied and stored from the main liquid supply pipe to the agricultural land and to the water channel portion. It is possible to switch the outflow of irrigation, and with the switching, the agricultural land used as one of the paddy field and the field can be used as the other.

The irrigation device of the third aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device of the first aspect or the second aspect, which is arranged adjacent to the agricultural land and can discharge the liquid on the agricultural land from the agricultural land. The drainage device is provided with a container, and when the farmland is used as a paddy field, the water level of the farmland in the vertical direction reaches a predetermined position above the position of the upper end of the middle cylinder. Drain the liquid on the farmland.

The irrigation device of the fourth aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device of the first aspect or the second aspect, and is arranged on the opposite side of the farmland used as a field across the culvert, and liquid is discharged from the culvert. It is equipped with a drainer that can drain.

The irrigation device of the fifth aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, and the drainage device is a pair of bottom plates arranged on both ends in the width direction of the bottom plate. The facing wall, the connecting wall arranged on the side opposite to the farmland side in the depth direction of the bottom plate, connecting the facing walls to each other, and forming a through hole for draining the liquid on the farmland, and The bottom plate is arranged at the center in the depth direction and has a shutter whose upper end position can be changed by sliding in the vertical direction, and the upper end position of the shutter is set to a predetermined position.

The irrigation device of the sixth aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device of the fifth aspect, and a recess is formed on the outer surface in the width direction of the pair of facing walls.

The irrigation device of the seventh aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, and the shutter is the first plate and the first plate arranged on the farmland side in the depth direction. The back surface of the plate has a second plate arranged on the opposite side in a state where at least a part of its own surface is in contact with the back surface of the plate, and the second plate is slidable in the vertical direction, and the pair of opposing plates By filling the area on the farmland side in the depth direction of the facing area of the wall with soil, the bottom plate, the pair of facing walls, and the first board are adjacent to the farmland. It is fixed.

The irrigation device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device according to any one of the third aspect to the seventh aspect, and the surface of the first plate on the farmland side in the depth direction is recessed. Is formed.

The irrigation device of the ninth aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device of the seventh aspect or the eighth aspect, the first plate is slidable in the vertical direction, and the drainer is the farmland. When used as a field, the first plate and the second plate are arranged in a state of being separated from the bottom plate.

The irrigation device according to the tenth aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device according to any one of the fifth aspect to the ninth aspect, wherein the drainer has the shutter in the depth direction of the connecting wall. It has a retaining plate that is supported by the pair of facing walls on the opposite side and has a recess or a through hole through which the soil to be filled enters.

The irrigation device according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention is the irrigation device according to any one of the fifth aspect to the tenth aspect, and is on the farmland side and the upper side in the vertical direction in the depth direction of the pair of facing walls. An inclined surface gradually approaching the farmland side from the upper end toward the central side in the vertical direction is formed in the portion, and the drainer has the inclined surface in a hole formed on the side surface of the ridge. It is possible to bury it flush with the side surface or substantially flush with the side surface.

The irrigation system of the first aspect of the present invention includes the first irrigation device having the same configuration as the irrigation device of any one of the first aspect to the eleventh aspect, and any of the first aspect to the eleventh aspect. A second irrigation device having the same configuration as that of the irrigation device of one aspect is provided, and the ridges of the first irrigation device and the second irrigation device have farmland on both sides. One of the first irrigation device and the second irrigation device, which is buried on the shore, is used to use the farmland on one side of the ridge as a paddy field, and the first irrigation device and the second irrigation device are used. The other side of the irrigation system is used to use the farmland on the other side of the ridge as a field.

The irrigation system of the second aspect of the present invention is the irrigation system of the first aspect, and includes a drainage pipe into which the liquid flowing out from the first irrigation device and the liquid flowing out from the second irrigation device flow in. ..

The method for cultivating a crop according to the first aspect of the present invention is required for a crop whose upper end of the middle cylinder is cultivated on the agricultural land by using the irrigation device according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects. Crop is cultivated on the farmland adjusted to the position of the water level.

In the method for cultivating a crop according to the second aspect of the present invention, the upper end of the middle cylinder becomes the position of the water level required for the crop cultivated on the agricultural land by using the irrigation system of the first aspect or the second aspect. The crops are cultivated on the farmland.

The sluice of the present invention can be positioned so that the position of the upper end is substantially the same as the position of the surface of the ridge, and the water level required for the agricultural land can be adjusted.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the state which one farmland of two farmlands is used as a paddy field, and the other farmland is used as a field by using the irrigation system of this embodiment. It is an overall view (schematic view) of the sluice of this embodiment. It is an overall view (schematic view) of the take-out member which constitutes the sluice of this embodiment. It is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower part of the sluice of this embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the state in which the slide cylinder which comprises the water lock of this embodiment is slid and fixed to the outer cylinder. It is a figure for demonstrating the state which expanded and contracted the expansion cylinder (bellows) which constitutes the take-out member of this embodiment. It is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower part of the water lock of this embodiment, and is the figure for demonstrating the state (set state) in which the taking-out member is arranged in contact with an outer cylinder. It is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower part of the water lock of this embodiment, and is the figure for demonstrating the state (offset state) in which the taking-out member is separated from the outer cylinder. It is an overall view (schematic view) of the lock of water of this embodiment, and is the figure for demonstrating the state at the time of use. It is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower part of the sluice of this embodiment, and is the figure for demonstrating the flow of water at the time of use. It is a figure for demonstrating the case where the farmland is used as a paddy field by using the sluice of this embodiment, and the case where the farmland is used as a field. It is a figure for demonstrating the flushing performed by moving the sluice take-out member of this embodiment from the position of a set state to the position of an offset state. It is a figure for demonstrating the movement of water of an agricultural land at the time of flushing described with FIG. 2K. It is a perspective view of the drainage device which comprises the irrigation system of this embodiment. It is a side view of the drainage device of this embodiment. It is a figure in the case where the drainage device of this embodiment is used for a paddy field, and is the figure of the state in which water overflows from the drainage device arranged adjacent to the paddy field. It is a figure in the case where the drainage device of this embodiment is used for a paddy field, and the water level of the paddy field is maintained at a set water level with a drainage device arranged adjacent to the paddy field. It is a figure of. It is a figure when the drainage device of this embodiment is used for a paddy field, and the water level of the paddy field is set to be lower than the case where the drainage device arranged adjacent to the paddy field is lower than the case of FIG. 4B. It is a figure of the state which maintains. It is a figure in the case where the drainage device of this embodiment is used for a paddy field, and is the figure of the state in which the drainage device arranged adjacent to the paddy field sets the set water level to 0 cm. It is a figure when the drainage device of this embodiment is used for a field. It is a figure when the drainage device of this embodiment is used for a field, and is the figure of the state which the drainage device constitutes a part of a culvert. It is a figure in the case where the drainer of this embodiment is used for a field, and is the figure of the state in which the drainer opens a retaining plate and drains water from a culvert. It is an enlarged view of the part including the sluice and the drainage device of the irrigation apparatus used for the paddy field of FIG. It is an overall view (schematic view) of the take-out member which constitutes the sluice of the modified example.

≪Overview≫
Hereinafter, the irrigation system 10 (see FIG. 1) of the present embodiment will be described. First, the function and configuration of the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment will be described. Next, the action and effect of this embodiment will be described. In all the drawings referred to in the following description, similar components are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

≪Function and composition of irrigation system≫
FIG. 1 shows a state in which one of the two agricultural land FLs sandwiching the ridge RD is used as a paddy field PF and the other agricultural land FL is used as a field TF by using the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows. The irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment easily adjusts the water levels of a plurality of (two locations in FIG. 1) the agricultural land FL (the water level on the agricultural land FL and the water level under the agricultural land FL), and crops FP1 and FP2 (crop FP1). Has a function of controlling the water level according to the growth stage of rice (as an example, rice and crop FP2 as an example of vegetables such as wheat). With this function, the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment sets the water level of each farmland FL to the optimum water level for each crop FP1 and FP2 so as to provide an optimum soil environment for cultivation (or growth) of crops FP1 and FP2. It is possible to adjust to.
In the following, it will be described with reference to FIG. 1, which is an example of a state in which one of the two agricultural land FLs is used as a paddy field PF and the other agricultural land FL is used as a field TF. The irrigation system 10 of the embodiment may utilize both of the two agricultural land FLs as paddy field PF or field TF.

As shown in FIG. 1, the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of (two in FIG. 1) irrigation devices 20 and a drainage pipe 30 as an example. The drainage pipe 30 is a liquid path into which water W (an example of a liquid) flowing out from each irrigation device 20 flows in.
Here, in this specification "water W" is represented by the chemical formula H _{2 O,} not intended to mean only compounds of hydrogen and oxygen, means the water that is used in general agriculture .. That is, the "water W" referred to in the present specification may be a liquid containing soil or other foreign substances other than the compound in the compound of hydrogen and oxygen.

<Irrigation equipment>
As shown in FIG. 1, each irrigation device 20 includes a water lock 22, a supply mass 24 (an example of a supply unit), an in-farm water channel 26 (an example of a water channel), a drainage device 28, and a plurality of outflows. It is equipped with waterways 29A and 29B (an example of a transportation pipe). The plurality of components (sluice 22, supply mass 24, waterway 26 in the farmland, drainage device 28 and the plurality of outflow waterways 29A, 29B) constituting each irrigation device 20 are the soil SO constituting the ridge RD and the farmland FL. It is buried or fixed in. While the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment has a function of managing the water level of a plurality of agricultural land FLs, each irrigation device 20 of the present embodiment easily adjusts the water level of each agricultural land FL to produce the crop FP1 or It has a function of managing the water level according to the growth stage of the crop FP2. With this function, the irrigation device 20 of the present embodiment sets the water level of each farmland FL to the optimum water level for each crop FP1 and FP2 so as to provide an optimum soil environment for cultivation (or growth) of crops FP1 and FP2. It is possible to adjust to.
Hereinafter, a plurality of components constituting each irrigation device 20 will be described.

[Sluice]
The sluice 22 of the present embodiment has a function of easily adjusting the water level of the agricultural land FL (the water level on the agricultural land FL and the water level under the agricultural land FL). As shown in FIGS. 1, 2J, 2L and 6, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment has a sluice RD so that the upper end thereof is substantially the same as the position of the surface (upper surface) of the ridge RD. It is supposed to be buried. Here, "substantially the same" in the present specification means, for example, about ± 5 cm in the vertical direction with respect to the surface of the ridge RD. The direction indicated by the arrow X in the drawing is the vertical direction, the direction indicated by the symbol + X means the upper side in the vertical direction, and the direction indicated by the symbol −X means the lower side.

FIG. 2A is an overall view (schematic view) of the lock 22 of the present embodiment. Further, FIG. 2B is an overall view (schematic view) of the take-out member 250 constituting the lock 22 of the present embodiment.
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the lock 22 of the present embodiment includes an outer cylinder 200, an inflow portion 210, an outflow portion 220, a slide cylinder 230, a lid 240, and a take-out member 250. ing.
Further, the water lid 22 of the present embodiment is a bottomed cylinder embedded in the ridge RD with the bottom wall 204 on the lower side as a basic configuration, and is located at different positions in the vertical direction on the peripheral wall 202. An inflow portion fixed to the outer cylinder 200 in which the two through holes 206A and 206B are formed and the upper through hole 206A of the two through holes 206A and 206B to allow water W to flow from the outside to the inside of the outer cylinder 200. 210, an outflow portion 220 fixed to the lower through hole 206B of the two through holes 206A and 206B to allow water W to flow out from the inside, and a cylinder housed inside, from the inflow portion 210. At the same position as the outflow portion 220 on the lower side and away from the bottom wall 204 or at a position above the outflow portion 220, the lower end portion is in contact with the peripheral wall 202 over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction, and can be expanded and contracted along the vertical direction. It includes a cylinder 252, a slide cylinder 230 that fits into the upper portion of the outer cylinder 200 and is slidable, and a lid 240 that is attached to the slide cylinder 230 and can open and close the upper opening of the slide cylinder 230. .. Then, the slide cylinder 230 is positioned so that the vertical position of the lid 240 in the state where the opening is closed is substantially the same as the position of the surface of the ridge RD, and the upper end of the middle cylinder 252 is adjacent to the ridge RD. It is adjusted to the length that is the position of the water level required for the farmland FL.

<Outer cylinder>
The outer cylinder 200 is a bottomed cylinder (bottomed cylinder). That is, the outer cylinder 200 has a peripheral wall 202 and a bottom wall 204. The outer cylinder 200 has a cylindrical shape as an example. The outer cylinder 200 is embedded in the ridge RD with the bottom wall 204 on the lower side in the vertical direction (see FIGS. 1, 2A, etc.). Further, two through holes 206A and 206B are formed on the lower side of the peripheral wall 202 in the vertical direction, that is, the portion on the bottom wall 204 side (see FIG. 2C). The two through holes 206A and 206B are formed at different positions in the vertical direction on the peripheral wall 202, that is, at positions offset in the vertical direction. As an example, the two through holes 206A and 206B are opened in opposite directions in the radial direction of the peripheral wall 202.
As shown in FIG. 2C, an inner wall 208 having an inner peripheral surface 208A whose diameter gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction is provided in the lower portion of the outer cylinder 200 in the vertical direction. Has been done. The technical meaning of the inner peripheral surface 208A will be described later.

<Inflow and outflow>
The inflow portion 210 is fixed to the upper through hole 206A in the vertical direction of the two through holes 206A and 206B, and is a member for allowing water W to flow from the outside of the outer cylinder 200 to the inner IS (FIG. 2A). , FIG. 2H, FIG. 2I, etc.). The inflow portion 210 has a tubular shape, and a portion on one end side thereof is fixed to the peripheral wall 202 of the outer cylinder 200 in a state of being fitted into the through hole 206A. The other end of the inflow portion 210 is connected to the waterway 26 in the agricultural land, which will be described later (see FIG. 1).
Further, the outflow portion 220 is fixed to the lower through hole 206B in the vertical direction among the two through holes 206A and 206B, and is a member for allowing water W to flow out from the internal IS of the outer cylinder 200 to the outside. (See FIGS. 2A, 2H, etc.). The outflow portion 220 has a tubular shape, and a portion on one end side thereof is fixed to the peripheral wall 202 of the outer cylinder 200 in a state of being fitted into the through hole 206B. The other end of the outflow portion 220 is connected to the outflow channel 29A, which will be described later (see FIG. 1).

<Slide cylinder and lid>
As an example, the slide cylinder 230 is a cylinder with both ends open. As shown in FIG. 2A, the slide cylinder 230 is arranged in the upper portion of the outer cylinder 200 in the vertical direction. Further, the slide cylinder 230 is fitted in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 200 faces the inner peripheral surface thereof, and is slidable with respect to the outer cylinder 200 (see FIG. 2D). The slide cylinder 230 is fixed to the outer cylinder 200 by a fixing member (not shown) such as a screw within a slidable range. A female screw (not shown) for fixing the lid 240, which will be described later, is formed on the inner circumference of the upper end portion of the slide cylinder 230.
The lid 240 is attached to the slide cylinder 230 so that the upper opening of the slide cylinder 230 in the vertical direction can be opened and closed. A male screw (not shown) that fits with the female screw of the slide cylinder 230 is formed on the outer circumference of the lid 240.
With the above configuration, the slide cylinder 230 to which the lid 240 is attached (see FIG. 2A), that is, the slide cylinder 230 in a state where the opening of the upper end portion is closed by the lid 240 is the lid 240 as shown in FIG. The position in the vertical direction (the position of the upper end of the slide cylinder 230) is positioned to be substantially the same as the position of the surface (upper surface) of the ridge RD.

<Removal member>
As shown in FIG. 2A, the take-out member 250 is accommodated in the outer cylinder 200 and the internal IS formed by the slide cylinder 230 fitted in the outer cylinder 200, and the take-out member 250 is accommodated in the outer cylinder 200 and the take-out member 250. It is a member that can be taken out from the internal IS of the outer cylinder 200 and the slide cylinder 230. FIG. 2B is an overall view (schematic view) of the take-out member 250 taken out from the inner IS of the outer cylinder 200 and the slide cylinder 230. The take-out member 250 has a middle cylinder 252 and a shaft portion 254 as shown in FIG. 2B.

(Middle cylinder)
The middle cylinder 252 is housed in the inner IS of the outer cylinder 200 and the slide cylinder 230, and can be expanded and contracted in the vertical direction. The middle cylinder 252 is adjusted to a length whose upper end is the position of the water level required for the agricultural land FL adjacent to the ridge RD (see FIG. 1).
As shown in FIG. 2B, the middle cylinder 252 has a telescopic cylinder 252A, a lower cap 252B, an upper cap 252C, and a fixing screw 252D.

As an example, the telescopic cylinder 252A has both ends open and the peripheral wall is a bellows that can be expanded and contracted, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

The lower cap 252B is attached to the lower portion of the telescopic cylinder 252A in the vertical direction. Although the lower cap 252B is a columnar member in appearance (see FIG. 2B), it is fixed to the hollow shaft 254A described later while penetrating in the vertical direction.
Further, a part of the lower cap 252B is an elastic member 252B1 whose diameter gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction. Here, in the present embodiment, the elastic member 252B1 is made of rubber as an example. When the middle cylinder 252 is used, the elastic member 252B1 which is the lower end of the telescopic cylinder 252A is in contact with the inner peripheral surface 208A of the inner wall 208 which is a part of the outer cylinder 200 over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. , It is held in the outer cylinder 200 (see FIG. 2C). In this case, the position of the lower cap 252B in the vertical direction is lower than the upper through hole 206A in the vertical direction among the two through holes 206A and 206B formed in the outer cylinder 200 and the bottom wall of the outer cylinder 200. It is set to be at the same position as the through hole 206B separated from 204 or above the through hole 206B. That is, the vertical position of the lower cap 252B in this case is set to be lower than the inflow portion 210 and above the outflow portion 220 separated from the bottom wall 204 of the outer cylinder 200. ..

The upper cap 252C is attached to the upper part of the telescopic cylinder 252A in the vertical direction as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Although the upper cap 252C is a columnar member in appearance (see FIG. 2B), it is fixed to the hollow shaft 254A, which will be described later, by a fixing screw 252D while penetrating in the vertical direction. .. Specifically, the upper cap 252C has the shaft adjusted to the length of the middle cylinder 252 at which the upper end of the middle cylinder 252 (the upper end of the upper cap 252C) is the position of the water level required for the agricultural land FL. It is designed to be fixed to the part.

(Shaft part)
The shaft portion 254 has a hollow shaft 254A, a slide shaft 254B, and a fastener 254C, as shown in FIG. 2B.

The hollow shaft 254A is fixed to the lower cap 252B as described above. In this case, the hollow shaft 254A is arranged at a position overlapping the shaft of the middle cylinder 252. The hollow shaft 254A is fixed to the lower cap 252B so that its lower end does not protrude downward from the lower cap 252B. Further, the length of the hollow shaft 254A is set to be longer than the length of the middle cylinder 252 in the state where the telescopic cylinder 252A is extended to the maximum length. Therefore, the hollow shaft 254A protrudes from the upper end of the middle cylinder 252 (the upper end of the upper cap 252C) regardless of the expansion / contraction length of the expansion / contraction cylinder 252A. In other words, a part of the hollow shaft 254A is arranged in the internal IS of the inner cylinder 252.

The slide shaft 254B is fitted inside the hollow shaft 254A and is slidable with respect to the hollow shaft 254A (see FIGS. 2F and 2G). Further, the slide shaft 254B can be fixed to the hollow shaft 254A by using the fixing member 254D.
The slide shaft 254B is usually fixed to the hollow shaft 254A in a state where the position of the lower end thereof is aligned with the position of the lower end of the hollow shaft 254A. On the other hand, in a state where the slide shaft 254B is fixed at a predetermined position lower than the normal state, the hollow shaft 254A is in contact with the bottom wall 204 of the outer cylinder 200 and supported by the bottom wall 204. It is designed to support (see Fig. 2G). Along with this, the outer peripheral portion of the elastic member 252B1 of the slide shaft 254B is separated from the inner peripheral surface 208A of the inner wall 208 (see FIG. 2G).

[Supply mass]
Next, the supply mass 24 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The supply mass 24 has a function of storing the water W supplied from the main liquid supply pipe MS, a function of supplying the stored water W to the farmland FL (paddy field PF), and a function of discharging the stored water W to the water channel 26 in the farmland. It has a function to make it. The supply mass 24 includes a container 24A for storing the water W supplied from the main liquid supply pipe MS via the pipe D1, an L-shaped pipe D2 for supplying the stored water W to the agricultural land FL, and a lid ( (Not shown).

A through hole through which one end of the pipe D1 penetrates is formed in the bottom wall of the container 24A, and the outer periphery of one end of the pipe D1 is sealed on the peripheral surface of the through hole in the bottom wall of the container 24A, and one end of the pipe D1. Is open in the container 24A.
Further, the bottom wall of the container 24A is formed with another through hole through which one end of the waterway 26 in the farmland penetrates, and the outer periphery of one end of the waterway 26 in the farmland is formed in the other through hole of the bottom wall of the container 24A. It is sealed on the peripheral surface, and one end of the waterway 26 in the agricultural land is open in the container 24A.
Further, a through hole through which the L-shaped tube D2 penetrates is formed on the side wall of the container 24A, and a part of the L-shaped tube D2 is sealed on the peripheral surface of the through hole of the side wall of the container 24A to form the L-shaped tube D2. One end is open in the container 24A and the other end is open on the farmland FL.

With the above configuration, the water W supplied from the main liquid supply pipe MS via the pipe D1 flows out from the opening at one end of the pipe D1 into the container 24A of the supply mass 24 and is stored in the container 24A. It has become. When the opening at one end of the water channel 26 in the agricultural land is closed by the lid, the water W stored in the container 24A flows into the L-shaped pipe D2 from the opening at one end of the L-shaped pipe D2. It flows out from the opening at the other end of the L-shaped pipe D2 to the agricultural land FL. On the other hand, when the opening at one end of the L-shaped pipe D2 is closed by the lid, the water W stored in the container 24A enters the waterway 26 in the farmland from the opening at one end in the waterway 26 in the farmland. It is designed to flow in. That is, the supply mass 24 of the present embodiment can supply the water W supplied and stored from the main liquid supply pipe MS to the agricultural land FL and switch the outflow to the agricultural land water channel 26 by using the lid. Has been done. Then, in the present embodiment, along with this switching, the agricultural land FL used as one of the paddy field PF and the field TF can be used as the other.
In the present embodiment, the supply mass 24 is arranged on the opposite side of the lock 22 with the agricultural land FL in between.

[Waterways in agricultural land]
Next, the waterway 26 in the agricultural land of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The waterway 26 in the agricultural land connects the inflow portion 210 of the water lock 22 and the supply mass 24, and is used as a channel for transporting water W from the supply mass 24 to the inflow portion 210. A part of the waterway 26 in the agricultural land is an underdrain pipe 26A arranged in the basement of the agricultural land FL. A plurality of through holes are formed on the outer periphery of the underdrain pipe 26A.

[Drainer]
Next, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 3A and 3B. Here, FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the drainer 28, and FIG. 3B is a side view of the drainer 28.
As a basic configuration, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment is arranged on the bottom plate 300, a pair of facing walls 310 arranged on both ends in the width direction of the bottom plate 300, and one end side in the depth direction of the bottom plate 300. It has a connecting wall 320 in which a through hole 322 is formed to connect the facing walls 310 to each other and allow water W flowing out to the drainage pipe 30 to pass through, and the other end side of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction is directed toward the agricultural land FL. In the depth direction of the bottom plate 300, the main body 360 which is arranged adjacent to the farmland FL in the state, the shutter 330 which is arranged in the center of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction and can slide up and down to change the position of the upper end. It is provided with an earth retaining plate 340 supported by a pair of facing walls 310 on the opposite side of the connecting wall 320 with the shutter 330 in between.
As shown in FIG. 1, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment is arranged adjacent to the paddy field PF when the farmland FL is used as the paddy field PF, and is a culvert when the farmland FL is used as the field TF. It is arranged at a position adjacent to the culvert OD on the opposite side of the field TF with the OD in between. Then, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment adjusts the water level of the water W of the paddy field PF when the farmland FL is used as the paddy field PF, and the water W from the clear culvert OD when the farmland FL is used as the field TF. It has two functions of draining water.
Here, in the present specification, the structure having the above two functions is named and described as "drainer", but the structure having the above two functions has a different name from the "drainer". You may. For example, the "drainer" may be referred to as the "drainer".

Further, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment has the following functions when the agricultural land FL is used as a paddy field PF and is installed in the same paddy field PF together with the above-mentioned sluice 22.
That is, when the water level of the water W of the paddy field PF becomes higher (higher) than the water level set by the lock 22 for some reason (for example, heavy rain), the drainer 28 sets the water level of the water W of the paddy field PF according to the setting. It has a function of preventing the water level from being above the defined water level (see the broken line WL drawn at the upper end of the second plate 334 in FIG. 6).

As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment has a box shape in which a space is formed, and includes a bottom plate 300, a pair of facing walls 310, a connecting wall 320, and the like. It includes a shutter 330, an earth retaining plate 340, and an outflow portion 350 (an example of a connection portion). Here, the direction indicated by the arrow Z in the drawing is the depth direction of the drainage device 28, the direction indicated by the reference numeral + Z is the front side in the depth direction, and the direction indicated by the reference numeral −Z is the depth side. Further, the direction indicated by the arrow Y is the width direction of the drainage device 28, the direction indicated by the reference numeral + Y is the front side in the width direction, and the direction indicated by the reference numeral −Y is the back side in the width direction.
Hereinafter, the outline of each component (bottom plate 300, pair of facing walls 310, etc.) of the drainage device 28 will be described, and then the details of each component will be described.

(Overview of each component of the drainer)
The bottom plate 300 has a rectangular shape when viewed from above and below (see FIG. 3A).
The pair of facing walls 310 are arranged at both ends in the width direction of the bottom plate 300, and project from the upper surface of the bottom plate 300 to the upper side in the vertical direction and face each other (see FIGS. 3A and 3B).
The connecting wall 320 is arranged at the end of the bottom plate 300 on the depth side in the depth direction, and connects the ends of the bottom plate 300 on the depth side of each of the facing walls 310 constituting the pair of facing walls 310 (FIG. 3A). reference).
The shutter 330 is arranged in the center of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction, and is fitted into a pair of facing walls 310 on both sides (both ends in the width direction of the bottom plate 300) and supported by the pair of facing walls 310 in the vertical direction. It is slidable (see FIGS. 3A and 4A-4D).
The earth retaining plate 340 is arranged at the end of the bottom plate 300 on the front side in the depth direction (opposite side of the connecting wall 320 with the shutter 330 sandwiched between them), and is supported by a pair of facing walls 310 (see FIG. 3A). The height (vertical length) of the earth retaining plate 340 is set lower (shorter) than the height (vertical length) of the pair of facing walls 310 and the connecting wall 320 (FIG. 3A). reference).
The outflow portion 350 has a cylindrical shape and is arranged so as to project further from the inner surface of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction of the connecting wall 320 to the inner side, and is formed on the connecting wall 320 described later when viewed from the depth direction of the bottom plate 300. It surrounds the formed through hole 322 (see FIG. 3B).

As described above, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment forms an internal space surrounded by the bottom plate 300, the pair of facing walls 310, the connecting wall 320, and the earth retaining plate 340, and forms the bottom plate 300. The front side in the depth direction and the upper part in the vertical direction are open, and the back side is opened by the above-mentioned through hole 322 to form a box. Further, the shutter 330 partitions the internal space at the center of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction.
The drainage device 28 of the present embodiment is arranged so that the front side of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction, that is, the earth retaining plate 340 side faces the agricultural land FL (see FIG. 1). Specifically, the drainage device 28 is arranged in a state where the earth retaining plate 340 is adjacent to the end of the paddy field PF when the farmland FL is used as the paddy field PF, and when the farmland FL is used as the field TF. Is arranged so that the earth retaining plate 340 is adjacent to the end of the culvert OD. Further, in the present embodiment, the combination of the bottom plate 300, the pair of facing walls 310, and the outflow portion 350 (an example of the main body 360) is, for example, an integrally formed hollow molded product. Further, the combination is formed of a resin such as polyethylene as an example.

Next, the details of each component of the drainage device 28 will be described.
(Bottom plate and pair of facing walls)
As described above, the bottom plate 300 has a rectangular shape when viewed from the vertical direction (see FIG. 3A).
On the front side of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction and the upper portion in the vertical direction of the pair of facing walls 310, an inclined surface 314 that gradually approaches the front side in the depth direction of the bottom plate 300 from the upper end in the vertical direction toward the center side. Is formed. Therefore, each facing wall 310 has a shape in which the peripheral portion of one corner of the rectangular plate is notched diagonally when viewed from the front side in the width direction of the bottom plate 300 (see FIG. 3B). ..
On the outer surface of each facing wall 310 in the width direction of the bottom plate 300, a plurality of (two as an example) recesses 312 are formed along the depth direction of the bottom plate 300. The two recesses 312 are linear along the vertical direction. In the present embodiment, of the two recesses 312, the length of the recess 312 on the front side in the depth direction of the bottom plate 300 is set to be shorter than the length of the recess 312 on the back side.
Further, on the inner surface of each facing wall 310 in the width direction of the bottom plate 300, a recess (not shown) for supporting the shutter 330 and the earth retaining plate 340 is formed.

(Connecting wall and outflow part)
As described above, the connecting wall 320 connects the ends on the depth side of the bottom plate 300 in each facing wall 310 constituting the pair of facing walls 310 (see FIG. 3A). A circular through hole 322 is formed in the center of the connecting wall 320 in the width direction and the lower portion in the vertical direction of the bottom plate 300.
The outflow portion 350 surrounds the through hole 322 when viewed from the depth direction of the bottom plate 300, and projects further to the back side from the depth side surface of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction of the connecting wall 320 (see FIG. 3B). A male screw for attaching the outflow channel 29B is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outflow portion 350 (see FIG. 3B).

(shutter)
The shutter 330 is composed of two plates. In the present embodiment, of the two plates, the plate arranged on the front side of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction is referred to as the first plate 332, and the other plate is referred to as the second plate 334 (FIGS. 3A and 3A). See FIG. 3B). The second plate 334 is arranged on the back side of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction in a state where at least a part of its own surface is in contact with the back surface of the first plate 332. The first plate 332 and the second plate 334 are slidable in the vertical direction while being supported by a pair of facing walls 310, respectively.
Further, a plurality of (three as an example) recesses 332A are formed on the front surface of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction of the first plate 332. Each recess 332A has a linear shape along the width direction of the bottom plate 300 and is arranged in the vertical direction.

(Earth retaining board)
As described above, the earth retaining plate 340 is supported by a pair of facing walls 310 and can slide in the vertical direction. Specifically, the earth retaining plate 340 is slidable so that it can be attached to and detached from the pair of facing walls 310. Further, the earth retaining plate 340 is formed with a plurality of (two as an example) recesses 340A (see FIG. 3A). The two recesses 340A are linear along the width direction of the bottom plate 300 and are arranged in the vertical direction. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that a plurality of recesses 340A are formed in the earth retaining plate 340, but a plurality of through holes (not shown) may be formed instead of the plurality of recesses 340A.

[Multiple runoff channels]
One end of the outflow channel 29A of the present embodiment is connected to the outflow portion 220 of the lock 22 (see FIG. 2A and the like), and the other end is connected to the drainage pipe 30. Then, it constitutes a flow path of water W that flows out from the outflow portion 220 and flows into the drainage pipe 30.
Further, one end of the outflow channel 29B of the present embodiment is connected to the outflow portion 350 (see FIG. 3B) of the drainage device 28, and the other end is connected to the drainage pipe 30. Then, it constitutes a flow path of water W that flows out from the outflow portion 350 and flows into the drainage pipe 30.

The above is the description of the function and configuration of the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment.

≪Effect of action≫
Next, the effects of the present embodiment will be described with reference to them. Hereinafter, the action and effect of the water lock 22 of the present embodiment, the action and effect of the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment, the action and effect of the irrigation device 20 of the present embodiment, the action and effect of the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment, The effects of the method of cultivating crops FP1 and FP2 using the irrigation device 20 or the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment will be described in the order of description thereof.

<Effects of locks>
First, the action and effect of the sluice 22 of the present embodiment will be described.

[First effect (sluice)]
The sluice 22 of the present embodiment includes a slide cylinder 230 that fits into the upper portion of the outer cylinder 200 and is slidable (see FIG. 2D). Further, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment includes a telescopic cylinder 252A that can be expanded and contracted in the vertical direction (see FIG. 2E).
With the above configuration, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment can adjust the overall length in the vertical direction, and can also adjust the length of the telescopic cylinder 252A for adjusting the number required for the agricultural land FL (FIG. 2H). , Fig. 2J, Fig. 2L, etc.).
Therefore, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment can be flexibly positioned so that the position of the upper end is substantially the same as the position of the surface (upper surface) of the ridge RD, and the water level required for the agricultural land FL can be adjusted. (See Fig. 1 etc.).

[Second effect (sluice)]
The middle cylinder 252 of the present embodiment has a telescopic cylinder 252A, an upper cap 252C, and a fixing screw 252D (see FIG. 2A). Further, the telescopic cylinder 252A of the present embodiment is a bellows (FIG. 2B, FIG. 2E, FIG. 2H, etc.). Then, the upper cap 252C is fixed to the hollow shaft 254A in a state where the fixing screw 252D is abutted against the hollow shaft 254A.
With the above configuration, the middle cylinder 252 of the present embodiment can be adjusted to a stepless length regardless of the bending pitch of the bellows.

[Third effect (sluice)]
A removable lid 240 is attached to the upper end portion of the slide cylinder 230 of the present embodiment (see FIGS. 2A and 2H). Therefore, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment does not need to dig up the slide cylinder 230 buried in the soil SO when accessing the take-out member 250 housed in the inner IS of the outer cylinder 200 and the slide cylinder 230.
Therefore, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment can easily access the take-out member 250 while exhibiting the first effect.

[Fourth effect (sluice)]
A part of the lower cap 252B of the middle cylinder 252 of the present embodiment is an elastic member 252B1 whose diameter gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction (FIGS. 2C and 2I). Also,
An inner wall 208 having an inner peripheral surface 208A whose diameter gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction is provided in the lower portion of the outer cylinder 200 in the vertical direction (see FIG. 2C). When the middle cylinder 252 of the present embodiment is used, the inner peripheral surface 208A of the inner wall 208 in which the elastic member 252B1 which is the lower end of the telescopic cylinder 252A is a part of the outer cylinder 200 over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. It is held in the outer cylinder 200 in a state of being in contact with (see FIGS. 2C, 2F and 2G).
Further, in this case, the position of the lower cap 252B in the vertical direction is lower than the upper through hole 206A in the vertical direction among the two through holes 206A and 206B formed in the outer cylinder 200 and the outer cylinder 200. It is located at the same position as the through hole 206B separated from the bottom wall 204 or above the through hole 206B (see FIGS. 2C, 2I, etc.).
With the above configuration, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment can easily secure the adhesion between the inner cylinder 252 and the outer cylinder 200, which is necessary for forming the flow path of the water W at the time of use. Further, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment can easily attach and detach the take-out member 250 (see FIGS. 2F and 2G).

[Fifth effect (sluice)]
The shaft portion 254 of the present embodiment has a hollow shaft 254A and a slide shaft 254B (see FIG. 2B). The slide shaft 254B is fitted inside the hollow shaft 254A and is slidable with respect to the hollow shaft 254A (see FIGS. 2F and 2G). Further, the slide shaft 254B is fixed to the hollow shaft 254A by using the fixing member 254D. When the slide shaft 254B is fixed at a predetermined position below the normal state (see FIG. 2F), the slide shaft 254B is in contact with the bottom wall 204 of the outer cylinder 200 and is supported by the bottom wall 204 while being supported by the hollow shaft. Supports 254A (see Figure 2G). Along with this, in the slide shaft 254B, the outer peripheral portion of the elastic member 252B1 is separated from the inner peripheral surface 208A of the inner wall 208 (see FIGS. 2G, 2K, 2L, etc.).
As described above, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment has a configuration that exerts the fourth effect described above, and also has a shaft portion 254 composed of a hollow shaft 254A and a slide shaft 254B, thereby forming the middle cylinder 252. Can be easily moved up and down. Along with this, the sluice 22 of the present embodiment can easily perform a flushing operation.

<Effect of drainage device>
Next, the action and effect of the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment will be described.

[First effect (drainer)]
The combination of the bottom plate 300, the pair of facing walls 310, and the outflow portion 350 in the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment is a hollow molded product integrally formed. Further, the combination is formed of a resin such as polyethylene as an example. Therefore, the combination is relatively lightweight.
Therefore, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment can be easily installed.

[Second effect (drainer)]
When the agricultural land FL is used as a paddy field PF, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment is installed by filling the facing space between the shutter 330 and the earth retaining plate 340 with soil SO (see FIGS. 4A to 4D).
Therefore, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment can be stably (firmly) installed even if it is lightweight.

[Third effect (drainer)]
A plurality of recesses 312 are formed in the pair of facing walls 310 constituting the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment (see FIG. 3A). Then, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment is buried in the ridge RD in a state where the soil SO has entered the plurality of recesses 312 (see FIG. 1).
Therefore, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment can be stably (firmly) installed even if it is lightweight.

[Fourth effect (drainer)]
A plurality of recesses 332A are formed in the first plate 332 constituting the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment (see FIG. 3A). Then, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment is installed in a state where the soil SO has entered the plurality of recesses 332A (see FIGS. 1 and 4A to 4D).
Therefore, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment can be stably (firmly) installed even if it is lightweight.

[Fifth effect (drainer)]
As described above, since the first plate 332 is formed with a plurality of recesses 332A (see FIG. 3A), the drainer 28 of the present embodiment is stably installed. The second plate 334 is arranged on the opposite side of the internal space filled with the soil SO across the first plate 332 (see FIGS. 4A to 4D). Therefore, the second plate 334 can be slid in the vertical direction without being affected by (or being less likely to be affected by) the soil SO.
Therefore, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment can easily adjust the water level while exhibiting the above-mentioned fourth effect (drainer) (see FIGS. 4A to 4D).

[Sixth effect (drainer)]
A plurality of recesses 340A are formed in the earth retaining plate 340 constituting the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment (see FIG. 3A). Then, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment is installed in a state where the soil SO has entered the plurality of recesses 340A (see FIGS. 1 and 4A to 4D).
Therefore, the drainer 28 of the present embodiment can be stably (firmly) installed even if it is lightweight.

[Seventh effect (drainer)]
The pair of facing walls 310 constituting the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment are formed with an inclined surface 314 that gradually approaches the front side in the depth direction of the bottom plate 300 from the upper end in the vertical direction toward the center side. See FIGS. 3A, 3B, 6 and the like).
Therefore, in the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment, the inclined surface 314 can be embedded in the hole formed on the side surface of the ridge RD so that the inclined surface 314 is flush with the side surface or substantially flush with the side surface.

[Eighth effect (drainer)]
The first plate 332 and the second plate 334 constituting the shutter 330 of the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment are slidable in the vertical direction (see FIGS. 1 and 5A). Further, as described above, the earth retaining plate 340 is removable from the pair of facing walls 310. That is, the earth retaining plate 340 is removable from the combination of the bottom plate 300, the pair of facing walls 310, and the outflow portion 350.
Therefore, when the agricultural land FL is used as the field TF, the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment is located on the front side (earth retaining plate) of the bottom plate 300 in the depth direction on the culvert OD (see FIG. 5A, etc.) adjacent to the field TF. By forming a part of the culvert OD (a part of the side wall of the culvert OD) along the 340 side), it can be used as a drainage device for the culvert OD. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, when the water W is discharged from the culvert OD, the retaining plate 340 is slid upward with the first plate 332 and the second plate 334 slid upward. Just let me do it.
From the above, in the drainage device 28 of the present embodiment, the agricultural land FL can be used as the paddy field PF and the field TF.

<Effects of irrigation equipment>
Next, the action and effect of the irrigation device 20 of the present embodiment will be described.

[First effect (irrigation equipment)]
The irrigation device 20 of the present embodiment includes a lock 22 and a drainage device 28 (see FIGS. 1 and 6). When used for the paddy field PF (see FIG. 6), the position of the upper end of the second plate 334 can be set above the water level setting position of the paddy field PF by the floodgate 22.
In this case, when the water level of the water W of the paddy field PF becomes higher (higher) than the water level set by the lock 22 for some reason (for example, heavy rain), the drainer 28 sets the water level of the water W of the paddy field PF. Can be adjusted so that it does not rise above the specified water level.

[Second effect (irrigation equipment)]
As described above, the irrigation device 20 of the present embodiment includes a lock 22, a supply mass 24, and an in-farm waterway 26. Here, as described above, the water lock 22 has a function of easily adjusting the water level of the agricultural land FL (the water level on the agricultural land FL and the water level under the agricultural land FL) (see FIGS. 1, 2J, etc.). Further, as described above, the supply mass 24 can supply the water W supplied and stored from the main liquid supply pipe MS to the agricultural land FL and switch the outflow to the water channel 26 in the agricultural land. Further, a part of the waterway 26 in the farmland is a culvert pipe 26A arranged underground in the farmland FL (see FIG. 1).
With the above configuration, the irrigation device 20 of the present embodiment combines the agricultural land FL with the paddy field PF by setting the water level with the sluice 22, switching the water W with the supply mass 24, and combining the agricultural land waterway 26 having the underdrain pipe 26A. It can also be used for irrigation and field TF (see Fig. 1 etc.).

The other effects of the irrigation device 20 of the present embodiment are the same as those of the sluice 22 and the drainer 28, which are the components of the irrigation device 20.

<Effects of irrigation system>
Next, the action and effect of the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment will be described.

[First effect (irrigation system)]
As shown in FIG. 1, the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of irrigation devices 20 and a drainage pipe 30.
Therefore, in the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment, a plurality of agricultural land FLs can be used as paddy field PF and field TF, respectively.

[Second effect (irrigation system)]
The irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment uses a common drainage pipe 30 for a plurality of agricultural land FLs (see FIG. 1). Therefore, the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment is effective in that it is not necessary to provide each drainage pipe 30 for each irrigation device 20.

<Effect of the method of cultivating crops using the irrigation device or irrigation system of the present embodiment>
Next, the action and effect of the method of cultivating crops FP1 and FP2 using the irrigation device 20 or the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment will be described.

Depending on the types of crops FP1 and FP2, it is desirable to adjust the water level of each agricultural land FL to the optimum water level so as to obtain the optimum soil environment for each. For example, when cultivating soybean as a crop FP2, it is desirable to set the water level of the agricultural land FL to a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm from the ground surface. Further, for example, when cultivating garlic or squash as crop FP2, it is desirable to set the water level from the farmland FL to a depth of 35 cm to 50 cm from the ground surface. Further, for example, when cultivating cucumber as a crop FP2, it is desirable to set the water level from the farmland FL at a depth of 25 cm to 45 cm from the ground surface.

In the case of the present embodiment, the crops FP1 and FP2 are cultivated using the irrigation device 20 or the irrigation system 10. Then, as described above, the irrigation device 20 and the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment are provided with the sluice 22 of the present embodiment, so that the upper end of the middle cylinder 252 is the water level required for the crop FP2 cultivated in the agricultural land FL. It can be adjusted to the position of.
Therefore, according to the cultivation method of the crops FP1 and FP2 using the irrigation device 20 (and the irrigation system 10) of the present embodiment, the water level of the agricultural land FL can be adjusted to the optimum water level and the crops FP1 and FP2 can be cultivated. That is, the method for cultivating crops FP1 and FP2 using the irrigation device 20 (and the irrigation system 10) of the present embodiment can cultivate crops FP1 and FP2 on the agricultural land FL in the optimum soil environment.
In addition, "cultivating a crop" as used in this specification means "producing a crop". That is, the "crop cultivation method" means the "crop production method".

Other effects of the irrigation system 10 of the present embodiment are the same as those of the irrigation device 20, the lock 22, and the drainer 28, which are the components of the irrigation system 10.

The above is the description of the action and effect of this embodiment.

As described above, the specific embodiment of the present invention has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

For example, in this embodiment, the irrigation system 10 includes a lock 22 and a drainer 28, and it has been described that these components have a certain relationship. However, each of these components may operate independently.

Further, for example, in the present embodiment, it has been described that the telescopic cylinder 252A constituting the middle cylinder 252 of the floodgate 22 is a bellows (FIGS. 2B, 2E, 2H, etc.). However, the telescopic cylinder 252A does not have to be a bellows as long as it is a cylinder that expands and contracts along its length direction. For example, instead of the telescopic cylinder 252A of the present embodiment, the telescopic cylinder 252E of the modified example shown in FIG. 7 may be deformed. Specifically, as an example, the telescopic cylinders 252E have a plurality of cylinders 252E1 and 252E2 having different diameters (outer diameter and inner diameter) and the same length (4 as an example in the case of this modified example). , 252E3, 252E4. The plurality of cylinders 252E1, 252E2, 252E3, and 252E4 are arranged so as to be fitted to each other around an axis along the vertical direction. Further, some of the plurality of cylinders 252E1, 252E2, 252E3, and 252E4 (in the case of this modification, any one or more of the cylinders 252E2, 252E3, and 252E4) move in the vertical direction. As a result, the telescopic cylinder 252E can be expanded and contracted in the vertical direction.
In the case of this modification, the telescopic cylinder 252E has four cylinders 252E1, 252E2, 252E3, and 252E4. Then, the expansion / contraction length of the expansion / contraction cylinder 252E of the present modification can be changed to the following four states (first to fourth states). Here, the first state means a state in which the cylinders 252E1, 252E2, and 252E3 are housed in the cylinders 252E4, respectively. The second state means a state in which the cylinder 252E3 is positioned on the cylinder 252E4 at the upper limit position in the vertical direction, and the cylinders 252E2 and 252E1 are housed in the cylinder 252E3. In the third state, the cylinder 252E3 is positioned on the cylinder 252E4 at the upper limit position in the vertical direction, the cylinder 252E2 is positioned on the cylinder 252E3 at the upper limit position in the vertical direction, and the cylinder 252E1 is housed in the cylinder 252E2. The state. In the fourth state, the cylinder 252E3 is positioned on the cylinder 252E4 at the upper limit position in the vertical direction, the cylinder 252E2 is positioned on the cylinder 252E3 at the upper limit position in the vertical direction, and the cylinder 252E1 is positioned at the upper limit position in the vertical direction. The state of being positioned on the cylinder 252E2, that is, the state in which the telescopic cylinder 252E in FIG. 7 is extended.
Then, the length of each state of the telescopic cylinder 252E of the present modification may be set to be the optimum length for each of the crops FP1 and FP2. For example, the setting when the telescopic cylinder 252E is in the first state is the setting for garlic and squash as the crop FP2, and the setting when the telescopic cylinder 252E is in the second state is the setting for the cucumber as the crop FP2. The setting when the cylinder 252E is in the third state may be the setting for soybean as the crop FP2, and the setting when the telescopic cylinder 252E is in the fourth state may be the setting for the crop FP1 (rice, rice).
In the case of this modification, since the setting operation for adjusting the water level by the operator becomes easy, it is effective in reducing the work load on the operator.
In this modification, the plurality of cylinders 252E1, 252E2, 252E3, and 252E4 constituting the telescopic cylinder 252E are set to four, but the number may be two, three, or five or more. Further, although the plurality of cylinders 252E1, 252E2, 252E3, and 252E4 have the same length, they may have different lengths. The quantity, length, etc. of each cylinder constituting the telescopic cylinder 252E may be changed according to the types of crops FP1 and FP2.

10 Irrigation system 20 Irrigation equipment 22 Sluice 24 Supply mass (supply section)
24A Container 26 Agricultural land inland waterway 26A Underdrain pipe 28 Drainer 29A Outflow waterway 29B Outflow waterway 30 Outflow pipe 200 Outer cylinder 202 Peripheral wall 204 Bottom wall 206A Through hole 206B Through hole 208 Inner wall 208A Inner peripheral surface 210 Inflow part 220 Outflow part 230 Slide tube 240 Lid 250 Extraction member 252 Middle tube 252A Telescopic tube (bellows)
252B Lower cap 252C Upper cap 252D Fixing screw 252E Telescopic cylinder 252E1 Cylinder 252E2 Cylinder 252E3 Cylinder 252E4 Cylinder 254 Shaft part 254A Hollow shaft 254B Slide shaft 254C Fastener 254D Fixing member 300 Bottom plate 310 Pair of facing wall 312 Through hole 330 Shutter 332 1st plate 332A Recess 334 2nd plate 340 Retaining plate 340A Recess 350 Outflow part 360 Main body FL Agricultural land FP1 Crop (rice)
FP2 crops (vegetables such as wheat)
MS Main liquid supply pipe OD Meidori PF Paddy field RD Ridgeside SO Soil TF Field W Water (example of liquid)
WL Water level D1 Pipe D2 L-shaped pipe X Arrow (up and down arrow)
+ X Upper side in the vertical direction -X Lower side in the vertical direction Y arrow (arrow in the width direction)
+ Y Front side in the width direction-Y Back side in the width direction Z arrow (arrow in the depth direction)
+ Z Front side in the depth direction -Z Depth side in the depth direction

Claims (21)

An outer cylinder that is a bottomed cylinder that is buried in the ridge with the bottom wall facing down, and has two through holes formed at different positions in the vertical direction on the peripheral wall.
An inflow portion fixed to the upper through hole of the two through holes and allowing liquid to flow from the outside to the inside of the outer cylinder.
An outflow portion that is fixed to the lower through hole of the two through holes and allows the liquid to flow out from the inside to the outside.
A cylinder housed inside, the lower end portion extending over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction at a position lower than the inflow portion and at the same position as the outflow portion separated from the bottom wall or above the outflow portion. An inner cylinder that is in contact with the peripheral wall and can expand and contract along the vertical direction.
A slide cylinder that fits into the upper part of the outer cylinder and is slidable,
A lid that is attached to the slide cylinder and can open and close the upper opening of the slide cylinder,
With
The slide cylinder is positioned so that the vertical position of the lid when the opening is closed is substantially the same as the position of the surface of the ridge.
The middle cylinder is adjusted to a length whose upper end is at the position of the water level required for the agricultural land adjacent to the ridge.
Sluice. The middle cylinder has a telescopic cylinder that can be expanded and contracted along the vertical direction and a lower cap that is attached to the lower side of the telescopic cylinder.
The outer peripheral portion of the lower cap is an elastic member whose diameter gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower end.
The portion of the outer cylinder that comes into contact with the elastic member is an inner peripheral surface whose diameter gradually decreases from the upper side to the lower side.
The inner cylinder is held by the outer cylinder in a state where the outer peripheral portion is in contact with the inner peripheral surface.
The sluice according to claim 1. A shaft portion that is at least partially arranged inside the inner cylinder and is fixed to the lower cap is provided.
The middle cylinder has an upper cap attached to the upper side of the telescopic cylinder.
The upper cap is fixed to the shaft portion in a state where the upper end of the middle cylinder is adjusted to the length of the middle cylinder at the position of the required water level.
The sluice according to claim 2. The shaft portion has a hollow shaft fixed to the lower cap and a slide shaft fitted inside the hollow shaft and slidable with respect to the hollow shaft.
The slide shaft is in contact with the bottom wall and is supported by the bottom wall while supporting the hollow shaft, so that the outer peripheral portion is separated from the inner peripheral surface.
The sluice according to claim 2 or 3. The telescopic cylinder is said to be a bellows.
The sluice according to any one of claims 2 to 4. The telescopic cylinder has a plurality of cylinders having different diameters, respectively.
The plurality of cylinders are arranged in a state of being fitted to each other around an axis along the vertical direction, and expand and contract in the vertical direction as some of the cylinders of the plurality of cylinders move in the vertical direction. It is possible,
The sluice according to any one of claims 2 to 4. The sluice according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and
A supply unit that stores the liquid supplied from the main liquid supply pipe and supplies the stored liquid to the farmland.
A water channel section that connects the inflow section and the supply section and transports a liquid from the supply section to the inflow section.
With
A part of the waterway portion is an underdrain pipe that is arranged underground in the farmland and has a plurality of through holes formed on the outer periphery thereof.
Irrigation equipment. The supply unit is capable of supplying the liquid supplied and stored from the main liquid supply pipe to the agricultural land and switching the outflow to the waterway portion.
With the changeover, the agricultural land used as one of the paddy fields and the fields can be used as the other.
The irrigation device according to claim 7. A drainage device that is placed adjacent to the farmland and can discharge the liquid on the farmland from the farmland.
With
When the farmland is used as a paddy field, the drainer discharges the liquid on the farmland when the water level of the farmland in the vertical direction reaches a predetermined position above the position of the upper end of the middle cylinder. Drain,
The irrigation device according to claim 7 or 8. A drainage device that is located on the opposite side of the farmland that is used as a field across the culvert and can discharge liquid from the culvert.
The irrigation apparatus according to claim 7 or 8. The drainage device is arranged on a bottom plate, a pair of facing walls arranged on both ends in the width direction of the bottom plate, and a side opposite to the farmland side in the depth direction of the bottom plate, and connects the facing walls to each other. , A connecting wall in which a through hole for draining the liquid on the agricultural land is formed, and a shutter which is arranged in the center of the bottom plate in the depth direction and can be slid in the vertical direction to change the position of the upper end. Have and
The position of the upper end of the shutter is a predetermined position.
The irrigation device according to claim 9 or 10. A recess is formed on the outer surface of the pair of facing walls in the width direction.
The irrigation apparatus according to claim 11. The shutter is arranged on the opposite side with at least a part of its own surface in contact with the first plate arranged on the farmland side in the depth direction and the back surface of the first plate. Has a board,
The second plate is slidable in the vertical direction.
Of the facing regions of the pair of facing walls, the region on the farmland side in the depth direction of the first plate is filled with soil, so that the bottom plate, the pair of facing walls and the first plate are formed on the farmland. Fixed adjacent to,
The irrigation device according to claim 11 or 12. A dent is formed on the surface of the first plate on the farmland side in the depth direction.
The irrigation apparatus according to claim 13. The first plate is slidable in the vertical direction.
When the farmland is used as a field, the drainer is arranged so that the first plate and the second plate are separated from the bottom plate.
The irrigation device according to claim 13 or 14. The drainage device is a retaining plate which is supported by the pair of facing walls on the opposite side of the connecting wall with the shutter in the depth direction and has a recess or a through hole into which the soil to be filled enters. Have, have
The irrigation device according to any one of claims 11 to 15. In the pair of facing walls, an inclined surface that gradually approaches the farmland side from the upper end toward the center side in the vertical direction is formed on the farmland side in the depth direction and the upper portion in the vertical direction.
The drainage device can be embedded in a hole formed on the side surface of the ridge so that the inclined surface is flush with or substantially flush with the side surface.
The irrigation device according to any one of claims 11 to 16. A first irrigation device having the same configuration as the irrigation device according to any one of claims 8 to 17.
A second irrigation device having the same configuration as the irrigation device according to any one of claims 8 to 17.
With
The sluice of the first irrigation device and the sluice of the second irrigation device are buried on the ridges where both sides are used as agricultural land.
One of the first irrigation device and the second irrigation device is used to use the farmland on one side of the ridge as a paddy field.
The other of the first irrigation device and the second irrigation device is used to use the farmland on the other side of the ridge as a field.
Irrigation system. A drainage pipe into which the liquid flowing out of the first irrigation device and the liquid flowing out of the second irrigation device flow in,
To prepare
The irrigation system according to claim 18. Using the irrigation apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 17,
The upper end of the middle cylinder is adjusted so as to be the position of the water level required for the crop cultivated on the farmland, and the crop is cultivated on the farmland.
How to grow crops. Using the irrigation system according to claim 18 or 19.
The upper end of the middle cylinder is adjusted so as to be the position of the water level required for the crop cultivated on the farmland, and the crop is cultivated on the farmland.
How to grow crops.

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