JP2021028470A - Retaining wall and manufacturing method of retaining wall - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a retaining wall that can make it easier to construct retaining walls with different slopes.SOLUTION: A retaining wall 1c having a plurality of retaining wall blocks 10a stacked on a foundation block 21 is provided. Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks 10a has a bottom surface portion 13 in contact with the foundation or the other retaining wall blocks on the lower side, an upper surface portion 12 in contact with the other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, a front surface portion 11 to be a surface of the retaining wall or a base thereof, and a convex portion 15 protruding partially downward from the bottom surface portion or upward from the upper surface portion. A first angle θ1 between the front surface portion 11 and the bottom surface portion 13 is an acute angle. In the foundation block 21, the bottom surface portion 13 is tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion 11 is lower with respect to the horizontal surface. Mortar or ready-mixed concrete is injected into the plurality of retaining wall blocks with the upper surface portion 12 tilted forward.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a retaining wall in which retaining wall blocks are stacked.

Patent Document 1 describes a method of stacking retaining wall blocks. Conventionally, the upper surface and the bottom surface, which are the stacking contact surfaces, incline rearward according to the stacking inclination angle with respect to the stacking base, so that the back of each stacking block can be backfilled or the top surface of the block can be backfilled. The ridges are set, and the fitting recesses of the corresponding shape set on the bottom of the blocks to be stacked on the upper stage are fitted to stabilize the stacking, and the upper and lower blocks to be stacked are further separated. Stability after stacking is achieved by inserting the reinforcing bar members that are inserted and set and filling the reinforcing bar insertion holes with ready-mixed steel, and a lot of manpower and labor are required to prevent collapse during stacking and to stabilize after stacking. There was a problem that it was. In Patent Document 1, a fitting protrusion having a support surface on the front side is provided on the bottom surface of the block at the upper stage position, and a fitting recessed portion for fitting with the fitting protrusion is provided on the upper surface of the block at the lower stage position correspondingly. It is disclosed that the blocks are stacked while fitting the corresponding fitting protrusions and the fitting recesses.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-161542

Lean retaining wall construction (construction, manufacturing) is carried out for construction work or river bank protection work. A leaning retaining wall is a retaining wall in which masonry is provided on the surface or concrete blocks for the retaining wall are piled up (stacked, stacked), and a concrete block for retaining soil (stacked, stacked) so as to lean against the soil on the back. This is a method of constructing a retaining wall by inclining (concrete blocks for retaining walls) and stacking them (so that there is a slope). The slope of these retaining walls is determined in consideration of soil quality and slope height, and the slope of the front surface of a typical retaining wall is a 3-minute slope (73.3 degrees) and a 4-minute slope (68. 2 degrees), and a 5-minute gradient (63.4 degrees).

It has been proposed to provide concrete retaining wall blocks designed at an angle suitable for each sloped retaining wall. A typical retaining wall block is one that can stand on its own slope. However, manufacturing blocks of each gradient, for example, blocks of three different gradients, is burdensome for the manufacturer. It is necessary to prepare formwork for blocks with different gradients, and stockyards for each type of block are also required. The shape of the retaining wall block is complicated due to the convenience of injecting ready-mixed concrete into the inside, and the formwork for manufacturing the block is also complicated in shape, so that the manufacturing cost is high. Recently, the landscape has been emphasized, and it is required to give a rock pattern to the surface of the retaining wall block. For this reason, a decorative face plate is required, which also causes an increase in the cost for preparing the formwork. The decorative face plate is manufactured (molded) from urethane rubber or aluminum casting.

On the other hand, it is difficult to make the retaining wall self-supporting when trying to construct a leaning retaining wall with a 5-minute gradient by using a self-standing retaining wall block having a 3-minute gradient. For this reason, in order to safely stack the retaining wall blocks, the arrangement and construction of reinforcing materials are added, and the advantages of the self-standing retaining wall block cannot be utilized.

One aspect of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a retaining wall, which comprises stacking a plurality of retaining wall blocks on a foundation. Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks is a bottom surface portion in contact with the foundation or other retaining wall blocks on the lower side, a top surface portion in contact with other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, and the surface or base thereof of the retaining wall. It has a front surface portion and a convex portion that partially protrudes downward from the bottom surface portion or protrudes upward from the top surface portion, and a first angle θ1 between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion is an acute angle. The stacking (stacking process) of this manufacturing method includes the following steps.
1. 1. It is installed on the foundation at a second angle θ2 with respect to the horizontal so that the front of the bottom surface is low. However, the first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2 satisfy the following condition (1).
0 <θ1 + θ2 ≦ 90 ・ ・ ・ (1)
2. 2. Inject mortar or ready-mixed concrete into multiple retaining wall blocks with the upper surface tilted forward.

The retaining wall block in which the first angle θ1 between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion is an acute angle smaller than 90 degrees is a self-standing retaining wall block and is inclined at an angle θ1 with respect to the horizontal direction. It is suitable for constructing a leaning retaining wall. On the other hand, when constructing a retaining wall with a larger inclination, that is, the angle of the front surface with respect to the horizontal direction is smaller than the angle θ1, the center of gravity of the retaining wall block is close to the rear end of the range of the bottom surface. It often becomes or goes out of the range of the bottom part. For this reason, the retaining wall block is difficult to stand on its own, or even if it stands on its own, it is not stable, and the construction tends to be unstable, so it is necessary to change the design of the retaining wall block. However, by tilting this retaining wall block to the front side in the range of the angle θ2, it is possible to easily construct a retaining wall different from the angle θ1 while the center of gravity is within the range of the bottom surface. it can. Therefore, a retaining wall with a plurality of inclinations can be constructed by using the retaining wall block fixed at the first angle θ1. Furthermore, since this retaining wall block is provided with a convex portion so as to engage with other retaining wall blocks on the upper or lower side, it is not slippery and stable even when it is tilted forward and the bottom surface is tilted forward. Can be stacked.

In order to stack the retaining wall blocks more stably, it is desirable to satisfy the following condition (2).
0 <θ2≤θ1 ... (2)

This manufacturing method (construction method) may include a step of arranging foundation blocks and constructing the foundation before the step of stacking. The foundation block may include a mounting portion for mounting the retaining wall block in a state of being in contact with the bottom surface portion and tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal portion. Typically, the mounting portion may include a mounting surface that is tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion of the retaining wall block is lower than the horizontal.

The foundation block may include a rising portion in front of the mounting portion. In this case, the manufacturing method further injects mortar or ready-mixed concrete between the rising portion and the bottom retaining wall block after installing the bottom retaining wall block of the plurality of retaining wall blocks in the foundation block. You may have a step to do.

One of the other aspects of the present invention is a retaining wall having a plurality of retaining wall blocks stacked on a foundation. Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks includes a bottom surface portion in contact with the foundation or other retaining wall blocks on the lower side, a top surface portion in contact with other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, and a surface or a base thereof of the retaining wall. It has a front surface portion and a convex portion that partially protrudes downward from the bottom surface portion or protrudes upward from the top surface portion, and a first angle θ1 between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion is a sharp angle and the bottom surface. The parts are stacked at a second angle θ2 so that the front part is lower than the horizontal part, and mortar or ready-mixed concrete is injected into multiple retaining wall blocks with the upper surface part tilted forward. The angle θ1 of 1 and the second angle θ2 satisfy the condition (1). The first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2 may further satisfy the condition (2).

The foundation may include a foundation block, which includes a mounting portion for mounting the retaining wall block in contact with the bottom surface and tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface is lower than horizontal. It may be. The foundation block may include a rising portion in front of the mounting portion, and mortar or ready-mixed concrete may be packed between the retaining wall block at the bottom of the plurality of retaining wall blocks and the rising portion. The mounting portion may include a mounting surface inclined at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion of the retaining wall block is lower than the horizontal.

When constructing a retaining wall, a foundation block that forms a foundation when a plurality of retaining wall blocks are stacked is disclosed. Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks includes a bottom surface portion in contact with the foundation block or other retaining wall blocks on the lower side, a top surface portion in contact with other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, and the surface of the retaining wall or its base. It has a front surface portion and a convex portion that partially protrudes downward from the bottom surface portion or protrudes upward from the top surface portion, and a first angle θ1 between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion is an acute angle.

The foundation block is in contact with the bottom surface of the lowermost retaining wall block of the plurality of retaining wall blocks, and the retaining wall block is tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front portion is lower than the horizontal. It has a mounting portion to be mounted and a convex portion having a part of the mounting surface protruding or a concave portion having a part of the mounting surface recessed so as to engage with the lowermost retaining wall block. The first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2 satisfy the condition (1), and may further satisfy the condition (2). Typically, the mounting portion may include a mounting surface that is tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface is lower than horizontal.

The foundation block may include a rising portion in front of the mounting portion. The rising portion may rise to a height corresponding to the rear portion of the mounting surface. The surface behind the rising portion may be inclined so that the upper side of the rising portion becomes narrow. An example of the second angle θ2 is about 9.9 degrees or about 4.8 degrees.

The figure which shows some example of the retaining wall block. The figure which shows some example of building a retaining wall by stacking blocks for a retaining wall. The figure which shows the appearance of the block for a retaining wall. The figure which shows the appearance of the foundation block. An example showing the process of constructing a retaining wall. Another example showing the process of constructing a retaining wall. The figure which shows the appearance of a different foundation block. The figure which shows some example of constructing a retaining wall with a different slope using the same retaining wall block. The figure which shows the example of the block for a different retaining wall. The figure which shows the appearance of a different foundation block. The figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of a different retaining wall block and a foundation block. A cross-sectional view showing a state in which a retaining wall block is stacked on a foundation block. Sectional view of different foundation blocks. Sectional view of different foundation blocks. The figure which shows the example of constructing a retaining wall using packing. The figure which shows the example of constructing a retaining wall using a different foundation block.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a self-supporting retaining wall block manufactured for constructing a retaining wall with each slope. FIG. 1 (a) is a concrete block (retaining wall block, retaining wall block) 10c for a retaining wall having a three-minute gradient (73.3 degrees, 0.3 / 1 m), and FIG. 1 (b). Is a concrete block 10b for a retaining wall with a 4-minute gradient (68.2 degrees, 0.4 / 1 m), and FIG. 1 (c) shows a 5-minute gradient (63.4 degrees, 0.5 / 1 m). It is a concrete block 10a for a retaining wall of 1 m). Each block 10a to 10c has a bottom surface portion (bottom surface) 13 in contact with another retaining wall block on the foundation or lower side, an upper surface portion (upper surface) 12 in contact with other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, and a surface of the retaining wall. Alternatively, it has a front surface portion (front surface) 11 serving as a base thereof, and a convex portion 15 projecting partially downward from the bottom surface portion 13 or upward from the upper surface portion 12.

In this example, each block 10a to 10c has a convex portion 15 protruding downward from the bottom surface portion 13, and the upper surface portion 12 is composed of the front wall 16 of the blocks 10a to 10c and the upper ends 16a and 17a of the rear wall 17. The convex portion 15 is inserted between the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17 (gap) 18. The bottom surface portion 13 is composed of the front wall 16 of the blocks 10a to 10c and the lower ends 16b and 17b of the rear wall 17, and the convex portion 15 is an intermediate wall of the bottom surface portion 13 that connects (connects) the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17. It is provided on the lower side of 14. A rock pattern 19 is attached to the front of the front wall 16. The rock pattern (rock pattern) may be provided by attaching a decorative plate to the front wall 16, and the retaining wall blocks 10a to 10c including the front wall 16 to which the rock pattern 19 is attached are integrally molded by a formwork. You may. The front wall 16 may have a natural stone attached instead of a rock pattern, or a greening sheet may be attached to the front wall 16 so as to perform the function required for the front surface of the retaining wall to be constructed. The wall 16 can be formed, or a functional plate or the like can be attached to the front wall portion.

FIG. 2 shows a state in which the retaining wall blocks 10a, 10b and 10c are placed on a horizontal (flat) foundation block 20. By setting (arranging) the foundation block 20 horizontally and stacking (stacking, stacking) the retaining wall blocks 10a to 10c of each gradient on the foundation block 20, the retaining wall of each gradient can be manufactured (constructed). FIG. 2A shows a state in which a retaining wall block 10c having an angle θ1 (first angle) of the front surface portion 11 with respect to the bottom surface portion 13 having a three-minute gradient (73.3 degrees) is stacked on the foundation block 20. Retaining wall 1c with a 3-minute gradient (73.3 degrees) can be constructed. FIG. 2B shows a state in which a retaining wall block 10b having an angle θ1 of the front surface portion 11 with respect to the bottom surface portion 13 having a 4-minute gradient (68.2 degrees) is stacked on the foundation block 20 and having a 4-minute gradient (68). .2 degrees) retaining wall 1b can be constructed. FIG. 2C shows a state in which a retaining wall block 10a having an angle θ1 of the front surface portion 11 with respect to the bottom surface portion 13 having a 5-minute gradient (63.4 degrees) is stacked on the foundation block 20 with a 5-minute gradient (63). .4 degrees) retaining wall 1a can be constructed.

FIG. 3 shows an outline of the retaining wall block 10a having a 5-minute gradient as an example of the retaining wall block. The configurations of the other retaining wall blocks 10b and 10c are also the same except for the angle θ1, and thereafter, the retaining wall block 10a having a 5-minute gradient is used as the retaining wall block 10 except when the explanation focusing on the gradient is given. It is explained as. 3 (a) is a perspective view, FIG. 3 (b) is a right side view, FIG. 3 (c) is a plan view, FIG. 3 (d) is a front view, and FIG. 3 (e). Is a rear view, FIG. 3 (f) is a bottom view, and the left side view is symmetrical with the right side view.

The retaining wall block 10 includes a pair of left and right intermediate walls 14a and 14b extending in the front-rear direction so as to connect the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17 in the gap 18 between the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17. A part of the lower side of the intermediate walls 14a and 14b, the lower end 16b of the front wall 16 and the lower end 17b of the rear wall 17 protrudes to form a convex portion 15, and the center of the convex portion 15 is connected to the gap 18. The opening is 15a. Therefore, when the retaining wall blocks 10 are stacked and the ready-mixed concrete is injected from above, the ready-mixed concrete is lowered from the upper retaining wall block 10 through the gaps 18 on both sides of the convex portion 15 and the central opening 15a of the convex portion 15. The gap 18 of the retaining wall block 10 on the side is smoothly filled without a gap. Further, depending on the required strength, reinforcing bars can be inserted so as to connect the retaining wall blocks 10 stacked one above the other through the gap 18.

Further, in the retaining wall block 10, the bottom surface portion 13, the top surface portion 12, the front surface portion 11, each surface of the front wall 16, each surface of the rear wall 17, and each surface of the intermediate walls 14a and 14b are convex portions 15. It is designed so that the slope of the retaining wall block 10 including each surface is not opposite to the draft of the formwork for manufacturing the retaining wall block 10. Therefore, the retaining wall block 10 can be integrally molded using a mold, it is not necessary to combine the molded parts, the manufacturing cost can be suppressed, and the retaining wall block 10 has high strength. Can be provided.

FIG. 4 shows an outline of the foundation block 20. 4 (a) is a plan view, FIG. 4 (b) is a left side view, FIG. 4 (c) is a front view, a bottom view is a plan view, a rear view is a front view, and a right side view is a right side view. It is symmetrical with the left side view. The foundation block 20 is substantially square and includes a front wall 25 extending in parallel in the horizontal direction, a rear wall 26, side walls 27a and 27b connecting them, and an intermediate wall 28. The front wall 25 and the rear wall 26 are at the same height, and the upper end 25a of the front wall 25 and the upper end 26a of the rear wall 26 are at the same height with respect to the ground contact surface 24 composed of the lower ends 25b and 26b, respectively. It is formed, and the upper ends 25a and 26a form a horizontal mounting surface 22. Further, the upper ends 27c of the side walls 27a and 27b and the upper end 28a of the intermediate wall 28 are set so as to be recessed below the mounting surface 22 including the upper end 25a of the front wall 25 and the upper end 26a of the rear wall 26. Has been done. Therefore, the space (gap) 29 between the upper end 25a of the front wall 25 and the upper end 26a of the rear wall 26 is when the bottom surface portion 13 of the retaining wall block 10 at the lowermost stage (lowermost layer) is mounted on the mounting surface 22. The convex portion 15 protruding downward from the bottom surface portion 13 is inserted into the recess 23, and the foundation block 20 and the retaining wall block 10 are engaged with each other by the convex portion 15 and the concave portion 23.

The space (gap) 29 between the upper end 25a of the front wall 25 and the upper end 26a of the rear wall 26 is further configured to have an opening between the side walls 27a and 27b and the intermediate wall 28, and is an upper retaining wall. The ready-mixed concrete injected into the use block 10 reaches the foundation concrete under the foundation block 20 through the gap 29 of the foundation block 20, and is integrated as a retaining wall 1 including the foundation block 20.

FIG. 5A shows a process of constructing (manufacturing) the leaning retaining wall 1c having a three-minute gradient by using a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall 1c (a side view of the retaining wall block 10c and a side view of the foundation block 20). ing. As a construction procedure, the front of the wall surface (slope) 2 on which the retaining wall 1c is to be constructed is excavated, and the foundation concrete (discarded concrete) 3 is constructed to form a horizontal plane (horizontal level). The foundation 3 may be a ground having a sufficient load capacity, a crushed stone foundation, or a foundation of another type. The same applies to other examples. Next, the foundation block 20 as a secondary product is laid (arranged). The upper surface (mounting surface) 22 of the foundation block 20 is horizontal. Further, since the foundation block 20 is hollow due to the gap 29 as described above, after laying the foundation block 20, ready-mixed concrete is put into the hollow portion (gap) 29 and brought into close contact with the ground (foundation concrete) 3. Can be done.

Next, the retaining wall block 10c for a 3-minute gradient is stacked (stacked, stacked) on the foundation block 20. Each retaining wall block 10c is designed to stand on a horizontal surface. Therefore, the lowermost retaining wall block 10c stacked on the horizontal mounting surface 22 of the foundation block 20 is self-supporting, and the upper surface portion 12 of the retaining wall block 10c is also horizontal, so that they are sequentially laminated on the retaining wall block 10c. Retaining wall blocks 10c are also stacked in an independent state. Further, the slope of the front surface (front side) 19 or 11 of the retaining wall 1c is 3 minutes by the retaining wall block 10c. In the actual construction, when the retaining wall block 10c of the first stage (bottom stage) is installed, the crushed stone 4 is put on the back surface (between the retaining wall block 10c and the slope 2) and temporarily fixed. After that, the ready-mixed concrete 5 is put inside the retaining wall block 10c and connected to the foundation block 20. Next, the second-stage retaining wall block 10c is placed on the first-stage retaining wall block 10c to stand on its own. The crushed stone 4 is put on the back surface and temporarily fixed, and the ready-mixed concrete 5 is put inside the retaining wall block 10c to fix the upper and lower retaining wall blocks 10c. After that, these steps are repeated and stacked to the required height.

In this construction method, the upper surface (mounting surface) 22 of the foundation block 20 is substantially horizontal, and the lower end 16b and the back plate surface (rear) of the front plate surface (front wall) 16 of the lowermost retaining wall block 10c in contact with the foundation block 20. The bottom surface 13 including the lower end 17b of the wall) 17 is horizontal. Therefore, the center of gravity 10g of the retaining wall block 10c sufficiently enters the inside (inside the region) of the bottom surface portion 13, and is stably independent on the foundation block 20. Further, since the upper surface portion 12 including the upper portion 16a of the front plate surface 16 and the upper portion 17a of the back plate surface 17 of the retaining wall block 10c is substantially horizontal and has the same height, the other is on the lowermost retaining wall block 10c. It is stable even if the retaining wall blocks 10c are stacked.

FIG. 5B shows a case where a retaining wall 1a having a 5-minute gradient is constructed (manufactured) using the retaining wall block 10c for 3 minutes. For this construction, for example, a foundation block 9 having a low back surface (rear side) is used so that the mounting surface 22 can be tilted backward and the retaining wall block 10c for 3 minutes can be set to have a gradient of 5 minutes. can do. However, if the retaining wall block 10c for 3 minutes is installed on the foundation block 9, it will fall to the rear side. Or slip. The same applies when another retaining wall block 10c is placed on the retaining wall block 10c. This is because the center of gravity 10g of the self-supporting retaining wall block 10c moves rearward and comes off from or easily comes off from the bottom surface portion 13. There is a method of supporting the retaining wall block 10c with a supporter 8 from the back surface in order to prevent the block 10c from tipping over, but it is necessary to remove the crushed stone 4 after throwing it in. This work is very troublesome, and since a person enters the back of the block 10c, if the supporter 8 comes off, the worker may be caught between the block and the soil on the back, causing a big accident.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which a retaining wall is manufactured (constructed) by the manufacturing method (construction method) according to the present invention. In this method, a retaining wall 1c having a gradient of 3 minutes is manufactured (constructed) by using a foundation block 21 having a mounting surface 22 inclined forward and a retaining wall block 10a having a gradient of 5 minutes. .. The foundation block 21 is also hollow in the inside, and the mounting surface 22 in contact with the bottom surface 13 of the retaining wall block 10a is horizontal so as to be lower in the front, that is, the side of the front surface 11 of the retaining wall block 10a. On the other hand, that is, it is tilted so as to form an angle θ2 (second angle) with respect to the ground plane 24 of the foundation block 21. Other configurations have the same configuration as the foundation block 20 described above. That is, in the foundation block 21, the mounting surface 22 is in contact with the bottom surface portion 13 of the retaining wall block 10a and is tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion 11 of the retaining wall block 10a is lower than the horizontal. In this state, it functions as a mounting unit for mounting the retaining wall block 10a.

Specifically, the mounting surface 22 of the foundation block 21 is tilted forward by 9.9 degrees, which is the difference between the 5-minute gradient and the 3-minute gradient, and is the front wall with respect to the upper end 26a of the rear wall 26 on the back side. The upper end 25a of 25 is designed to be lowered. That is, the height of the front wall 25 on the front surface is lower than that on the rear wall 26 on the back surface. Therefore, by stacking the retaining wall block 10a for 5 minutes on the foundation block 21, the slope of the front surface 11 of the front surface of the retaining wall block 10a becomes 3 minutes, and the retaining wall 1c having a slope of 3 minutes is constructed. it can.

The construction method shown in FIG. 6 (a) is carried out in the same procedure as the construction method shown in FIG. 5 (a). That is, the foundation block 21 is laid on the foundation concrete 3. The ready-mixed concrete 5 is put into the hollow portion (gap) 29 of the foundation block 21. On top of that, the lowermost retaining wall block 10a is stacked, and the ready-mixed concrete 5 is put in. Crushed stone 4 is put on the back surface of the retaining wall block 10a. The position of the retaining wall block 10a may be fixed by the crushed stone 4 before injecting the ready-mixed concrete 5. Next, the second-stage retaining wall block 10a is loaded. Since the second-stage retaining wall block 10a also has protrusions 15 on the lower front and rear sides, the upper retaining wall block even if the upper surface portion 12 of the first-stage retaining wall block 10a is inclined forward. After installation, 10a does not move to the front side and is stable. Further, even if the retaining wall block 10a is tilted to the front side, the center of gravity 10g of the retaining wall block 10a does not deviate from the range of the bottom surface portion 13 and stays near the center, so that it is stable and self-supporting and does not fall to the back surface. Therefore, it is not necessary to install a supporter or the like, and the retaining wall 1c can be constructed quickly and safely.

The slope of the retaining wall block 10 (the angle formed by the front surface portion 11 and the bottom surface portion 13, the first angle) θ1 is an acute angle (an angle smaller than 90 degrees), and the slope of the first angle θ1 and the foundation block 21. (Horizontal direction, or the angle formed by the ground contact surface 24 and the mounting surface 22, the second angle) It is desirable that θ2 satisfies the following condition (1).
0 <θ1 + θ2 ≦ 90 ... (1)
If the condition (1) is exceeded, the accumulated gradient (retaining wall gradient) becomes a reverse gradient and tends to become unstable.

Further, it is desirable that the angles θ1 and θ2 satisfy the following condition (2).
0 <θ2≤θ1 ... (2)
Even if the slope θ2 of the foundation block 21 is larger than the slope θ1 of the retaining wall block 10, the retaining wall 1 can be constructed, but the engaging portion between the foundation block 21 and the retaining wall block 10, that is, in this example If there is, the load applied to the convex portion 15 of the retaining wall block 10 becomes large. Therefore, it is desirable that it is within the range of condition (2).

In the conventional construction method, the retaining wall blocks 10 having different slopes are used on the same foundation block, and the slopes of the different slopes required for each are used. On the other hand, in the method of the present invention, on the contrary, by changing the gradient of the foundation block 21, a 5-minute gradient can be obtained at the site of the 3-minute gradient leaning retaining wall 1c or at the site of the 4-minute gradient leaning retaining wall 1b. Even at the site of the leaning retaining wall 1a, it can be constructed with the retaining wall block 10a for 5 minutes.

Further, a protrusion 15 is provided on the lower side of the retaining wall block 10 to serve as a stopper for front-back movement. That is, the protrusion 15 enters the hollow portion (recess) 23 inside the foundation block 21 and serves as a stopper, so that the retaining wall block 10a having a 5-minute gradient can be made more stable and independent with the surface having a 3-minute gradient. Even if it is placed on the mounting surface 22 of the inclined foundation block 21 that is lowered to the front side, it does not slip to the front side and does not fall forward. That is, in this construction method, by installing the self-supporting retaining wall block 10 inclined to the rear side in a state of being inclined to the front side, the position of the center of gravity can be within the range of the bottom surface portion 13, and it is stable and self-supporting. Can be made to. At the same time, the convex portion (projection) 15 provided on the lower side serves as a stopper, and it is possible to prevent slipping on the back surface or falling to the back surface. Therefore, it is not necessary to support the retaining wall block 10 with a supporter from the back surface.

Road construction leaning walls and river leaning retaining walls are designed with 3-minute, 4-minute, and 5-minute gradients, but the 5-minute gradient is overwhelmingly designed. Therefore, since these retaining walls 1a to 1c can be constructed with one type of retaining wall block 10a for a 5-minute gradient, the construction cost of the retaining wall can be significantly reduced.

FIG. 6B further shows how the retaining wall 1c is constructed by using the foundation block 21a including the rising portion (projection) 25s in front of the mounting surface 22. FIG. 7 shows an outline of the foundation block 21a using a plan view (FIG. 7 (a)), a front view (FIG. 7 (b)), and a right side view (FIG. 7 (c)). The left side view is symmetrical with the right side view, and the bottom view and the rear view are almost the same as the plan view and the front view, respectively.

In the foundation block 21a, it is desirable to set the upper end 25t of the rising portion 25s to a height corresponding to the upper end 26a of the rear wall 26, that is, the rear portion of the mounting surface 22. As a result, the substantial height of the front wall 25 can be matched with the height of the rear wall 26, and the thickness of the design foundation block 21a can be secured. That is, if the thickness of the foundation is designed to be 250 mm in this example, a thickness of 250 mm can be secured on both the front side and the rear side. In order to secure the design thickness, the height of the front wall 25 in the foundation block 21 may be set to 250 mm. In this case, in order to secure the inclined mounting surface 22, it is necessary to further raise the rear wall 26, and the cross section of the foundation block 21 is large, heavy, and costly. Therefore, by providing the rising portion 25s, the design thickness can be secured, the cross section is small, the weight can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced. Further, by providing the rising portion 25s and making the front upper end 25t and the rear upper end 26a substantially horizontal, the foundation blocks 21a can be stably stacked during storage and transportation. Therefore, the foundation blocks 21a can be stacked and stocked in multiple stages.

Further, the rising portion 25s covers the front of the lower end of the front wall portion 11 of the retaining wall block 10 stacked on the mounting surface 22, and also functions as a stopper. Therefore, in cooperation with the convex portion 15 protruding from the bottom surface portion 13 of the retaining wall block 10, the retaining wall block 10 can be prevented from slipping forward on the mounting surface 22, and the retaining wall can be prevented from slipping forward. It will be a design that gives a sense of security to the appearance when constructing 1. Therefore, even if the retaining wall 1 is designed by stacking many retaining wall blocks 10 on the foundation block 21a, the work can be performed with peace of mind, and even if a large load from the back surface is applied, the retaining wall can be operated. It is possible to prevent the retaining wall 10 from being pushed forward.

Further, the rising portion 25s may stand vertically, but in the foundation block 21a, the surface 25u on the rear side of the rising portion 25s is inclined so that the upper end 25t is narrowed. The foundation block 21a has an inclined portion 25u that spreads upward after ensuring a clearance between the rising portion 25s and the front surface 11 of the retaining wall block 10. If there is no clearance between the rising portion 25s and the retaining wall block 10, it is difficult to lay the retaining wall block 10. The space between the rising portion 25s and the front portion 11 of the retaining wall block 10 can be filled by filling with a ready-mixed concrete 5 or mortar at the site i. When the rear surface of the rising portion 25s becomes an inclined surface 25u and spreads upward, the clearance is small, and even if it is narrow, it is easy to insert the ready-made container 5 or mortar for filling.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which retaining walls having different slopes are constructed using foundation blocks 21a having different angles θ2 of the mounting surface 22. FIG. 8A shows a retaining wall block 10a having a mounting surface 22 with an angle θ2 of 9.9 degrees and a front portion 11 having an angle θ1 of 63.4 degrees with a 5-minute gradient for 3 minutes. An example of constructing a retaining wall 1c having a slope (73.3 degrees) is shown. FIG. 8B shows a retaining wall 1b having a 4-minute gradient (68.2 degrees) by a foundation block 21a having an angle θ2 of the mounting surface 22 of 4.8 degrees and a retaining wall block 10a having a 5-minute gradient. An example of construction is shown. FIG. 8C shows an example in which a retaining wall 1a having a 5-minute gradient (63.4 degrees) is constructed by a foundation block 20 having a flat mounting surface 22 and a retaining wall block 10a having a 5-minute gradient.

The retaining wall block 10 and the foundation blocks 20 and 21 may have different shapes. For example, the foundation block 20 may be provided with a convex portion 23a instead of the concave portion 23, or the bottom surface portion 13 of the retaining wall block 10 may be provided with a concave portion 15b at a position where it can be positioned with the convex portion 23a. Further, the retaining wall block 10 may be provided with a convex portion 15 on the upper surface portion 12.

FIG. 9A shows a perspective view of a retaining wall block 10d provided with a convex portion 15 on the upper surface portion 12 and a concave portion 15b provided on the bottom surface portion 13, and FIG. 9B shows the retaining wall block 10d. The side view of is shown. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of the foundation block 21b having the convex portion 23a on the mounting surface 22.

FIG. 11 shows a typical cross-sectional structure of the retaining wall block 10d shown in FIG. 9 in a cross-sectional view (FIG. 11A), and shows a typical cross-sectional structure of the foundation block 21b shown in FIG. (Fig. 11 (b)). As shown in FIG. 12, the retaining wall 1a having a 5-minute gradient can be constructed by combining the foundation block 21b and the retaining wall block 10d having a 5-minute gradient. As shown in FIG. 13, it is possible to provide the foundation block 21c in which the mounting surface 22 is tilted to the front side in the same configuration as the foundation block 21b. Further, as shown in FIG. 14, it is possible to provide the foundation block 21d in which the mounting surface 22 is tilted to the front side and the mounting surface 22 is further provided with the rising portion 25s on the front side. By using the foundation block 21c or 21d with the mounting surface 22 tilted, it is possible to construct a retaining wall with a 4-minute gradient or a 3-minute gradient by using the retaining wall block 10d with a 5-minute gradient as described above. Is.

FIG. 15 shows a state in which a retaining wall 1c having a 3-minute gradient is manufactured (constructed) using a retaining wall packing 50 using a retaining wall block 10d having a 5-minute gradient. In this example, when the retaining wall block 10d having a 5-minute gradient is mounted on the foundation block 21b having the flat upper surface 22 shown in FIG. 12, the rear portion of the bottom surface 13 (lower part 17b of the rear wall 17) By arranging a packing 50 having an appropriate thickness between the foundation block 21b and tilting the retaining wall block 10d forward by an angle θ2 (9.9 degrees), the retaining wall 1c having a three-minute gradient can be constructed. Instead of the foundation block 21b, the packing 50 may be used to arrange the retaining wall block 10d at the bottom (bottom layer) on the foundation concrete constructed flat. Instead of the packing 50, the foundation concrete may be tilted forward by a predetermined angle for construction.

FIG. 16 shows a state in which a retaining wall having a 3-minute gradient is manufactured (constructed) using a foundation block 21e using a retaining wall block 10a having a 5-minute gradient. In the foundation block 21e of this example, the upper end 25a of the front wall 25 and the upper end 26a of the rear wall 26 are horizontal, and the upper ends 25a and 26a are provided with steps corresponding to the angle θ2. In the foundation block 21e, the stepped upper ends 25a and 26a are in contact with the bottom surface portion 13 of the retaining wall block 10a, and the front surface portion 11 of the retaining wall block 10a is in contact with the horizontal surface (bottom surface 24, foundation concrete 3). It functions as a mounting unit 22 on which the retaining wall block 10a is mounted in a state of being tilted at a second angle θ2 so as to be low.

The shapes of the retaining wall block and the foundation block described above are examples, as long as they satisfy the conditions of the claims, and the shapes may vary. Further, in the above, an example of constructing a retaining wall using a foundation block is described, but it is also possible to construct a slope corresponding to the mounting surface 22 as a foundation for stacking retaining wall blocks with concrete or the like at the site. It is possible.

As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality of sloped retaining walls can be safely manufactured by using one type, that is, one graded retaining wall block. Therefore, the burden on the manufacturer that provides the retaining wall block can be reduced. Further, when the leaning retaining wall having a different slope is constructed at the same construction site, the area of the stock place at the site can be reduced by bringing one type or a limited type of blocks to the site. In the above, examples corresponding to the leaning retaining walls having different gradients of 3 minutes, 4 minutes, and 5 minutes have been described, but the types of gradients are not limited thereto. Further, the values of the angles θ1 and θ2 described above are merely examples, and are not limited to these angles. Further, the values of the illustrated angles θ1 and θ2 are design values, and may be within the range of design and manufacturing tolerances, and the tolerances are appropriately managed.

In the present invention, in order to construct retaining walls having different slopes, foundation blocks having different slopes of the mounting surface are adopted. Therefore, the types of foundation blocks may increase. However, the number of foundation blocks required is extremely small compared to the main body of the retaining wall block. That is, the foundation block is used only to support the bottom retaining wall block, which is very small compared to the number of retaining wall blocks required to construct the retaining wall. In particular, as a recent trend, the main body of the retaining wall block is required to have a landscape-friendly product such as a stone pattern on the surface. Therefore, a decorative face plate is required. Decorative faceboards are expensive and therefore the cost of manufacturing formwork for retaining wall blocks is extremely high. On the other hand, the foundation block is inexpensive because it has a simple shape and does not require a pattern. Therefore, increasing the types of foundation blocks is extremely economical compared to increasing the formwork of the retaining wall block body. In addition, the foundation block is taller than the block and has a shape that makes it easy to stack, so the stockyard can be reduced. Therefore, according to the present invention, retaining walls having different slopes can be constructed economically and safely.

The above discloses a method of manufacturing a retaining wall, which comprises stacking a plurality of retaining wall blocks on a foundation. Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks has a bottom surface portion in contact with the foundation or other retaining wall blocks on the lower side, an upper surface portion in contact with other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, and a surface of the retaining wall or its surface thereof. A first angle θ1 between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion, which has a front surface portion as a base and a convex portion that partially protrudes downward from the bottom surface portion or protrudes upward from the top surface portion. Is an acute angle, and the stacking has a second angle θ2 tilted with respect to the horizontal so that the front of the bottom surface portion is lowered on the foundation, and the first angle. The condition (1) is satisfied between θ1 and the second angle θ2.

Prior to the stacking, the foundation block may be arranged to construct the foundation, and the foundation block is in contact with the bottom surface portion so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal portion. A mounting portion for mounting the retaining wall block may be included in a state of being tilted at the second angle θ2. The foundation block includes a rising portion in front of the mounting portion, and the manufacturing method further installs the lowermost retaining wall block of the plurality of retaining wall blocks on the foundation block, and then the rising portion. It may have to inject mortar or ready-mixed concrete between the bottom and the bottom retaining wall block.

The above discloses a retaining wall having a plurality of retaining wall blocks stacked on a foundation. Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks has a bottom surface portion in contact with the foundation or other retaining wall blocks on the lower side, an upper surface portion in contact with other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, and the surface of the retaining wall or the surface thereof. A first angle θ1 between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion, which has a front surface portion as a base and a convex portion that partially protrudes downward from the bottom surface portion or protrudes upward from the top surface portion. Is an acute angle, and the bottom surface portion is tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal portion, and the first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2 are (1) Satisfy the matter.

The foundation includes a foundation block, and the foundation block mounts the retaining wall block in a state where the foundation block is in contact with the bottom surface portion and is tilted at the second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal portion. The mounting portion may be included. The mounting portion may include a mounting surface that is tilted at the second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal. The foundation block may include a rising portion in front of the mounting portion. The rising portion may rise to a height corresponding to the rear portion of the mounting portion. The surface behind the rising portion may be inclined so that the upper side of the rising portion is narrowed. Mortar or ready-mixed concrete may be packed between the lowermost retaining wall block and the rising portion of the plurality of retaining wall blocks.

Further, the above discloses a foundation block that forms a foundation when a plurality of retaining wall blocks are stacked when the retaining wall is constructed. Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks has a bottom surface portion in contact with the foundation block or another retaining wall block on the lower side, a top surface portion in contact with another retaining wall block on the upper side, and a surface or surface of the retaining wall. A first angle between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion, which has a front surface portion as a base thereof and a convex portion that partially protrudes downward from the bottom surface portion or protrudes upward from the top surface portion. θ1 is a sharp angle, and the foundation block is in contact with the bottom surface portion of the lowermost retaining wall block of the plurality of retaining wall blocks, and the second angle is such that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal. A convex portion or one of the mounting surfaces in which a part of the mounting surface protrudes so as to engage the mounting portion on which the retaining wall block is mounted in a state of being tilted at θ2 and the bottommost retaining wall block. The portion has a recessed portion, and the first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2 satisfy the condition (1).

The mounting portion may include a mounting surface that is tilted at the second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal. A rising portion may be included in front of the mounting portion. The rising portion may rise to a height corresponding to the rear portion of the mounting portion. The surface behind the rising portion may be inclined so that the upper side of the rising portion is narrowed. The second angle θ2 may be about 9.9 degrees or about 4.8 degrees.

1a ~ 1c Retaining wall, 10, 10a-10d Retaining wall block 20, 21a ~ 21e Foundation block

Claims (10)

A method of manufacturing a retaining wall, which comprises stacking multiple retaining wall blocks on a foundation.
Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks has a bottom surface portion in contact with the foundation or other retaining wall blocks on the lower side, an upper surface portion in contact with other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, and the surface of the retaining wall or its surface thereof. A first angle θ1 between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion, which has a front surface portion as a base and a convex portion that partially protrudes downward from the bottom surface portion or protrudes upward from the top surface portion. Is an acute angle,
The stacking is to install the foundation on the foundation at a second angle θ2 with respect to the horizontal so that the front of the bottom surface is lowered.
The mortar or ready-mixed concrete is injected into the plurality of retaining wall blocks with the upper surface portion tilted forward, and the first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2 satisfy the following conditions. ,Production method.
0 <θ1 + θ2 ≦ 90 In claim 1,
Having to place foundation blocks and construct the foundation prior to the stacking,
A manufacturing method, wherein the foundation block includes a mounting portion for mounting the retaining wall block in a state where the foundation block is in contact with the bottom surface portion and is tilted at the second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal portion. In claim 2,
The foundation block includes a rising portion in front of the mounting portion.
The manufacturing method further
After installing the lowermost retaining wall block of the plurality of retaining wall blocks on the foundation block, mortar or ready-mixed concrete is injected between the rising portion and the lowermost retaining wall block. Production method. A retaining wall with multiple retaining wall blocks stacked on top of the foundation.
Each of the plurality of retaining wall blocks has a bottom surface portion in contact with the foundation or other retaining wall blocks on the lower side, an upper surface portion in contact with other retaining wall blocks on the upper side, and the surface of the retaining wall or the surface thereof. A first angle θ1 between the front surface portion and the bottom surface portion, which has a front surface portion as a base and a convex portion that partially protrudes downward from the bottom surface portion or protrudes upward from the top surface portion. Is a sharp angle, and the bottom surface portion is tilted at a second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal portion, and the top surface portion is tilted forward to form the plurality of retaining wall blocks. A retaining wall in which mortar or ready-mixed concrete is injected, and the first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2 satisfy the following conditions.
0 <θ1 + θ2 ≦ 90 In claim 4,
The foundation includes a foundation block, and the foundation block is mounted on the retaining wall block in a state where the foundation block is in contact with the bottom surface portion and is tilted at the second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal portion. Retaining wall including mounting part. In claim 4,
The mounting portion is a retaining wall including a mounting surface inclined at the second angle θ2 so that the front surface portion is lower than the horizontal. In claim 5 or 6,
The foundation block is a retaining wall including a rising portion in front of the mounting portion. In claim 7,
The rising portion is a retaining wall that rises to a height corresponding to the rear portion of the mounting portion. In claim 7 or 8,
A retaining wall whose rear surface of the rising portion is inclined so that the upper side of the rising portion is narrowed. In any of claims 7 to 9,
A retaining wall in which mortar or ready-mixed concrete is packed between the lowermost retaining wall block and the rising portion of the plurality of retaining wall blocks.

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