JP2021026170A - Light absorption structure and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Light absorption structure and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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JP2021026170A
JP2021026170A JP2019146466A JP2019146466A JP2021026170A JP 2021026170 A JP2021026170 A JP 2021026170A JP 2019146466 A JP2019146466 A JP 2019146466A JP 2019146466 A JP2019146466 A JP 2019146466A JP 2021026170 A JP2021026170 A JP 2021026170A
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light absorption
titanium nitride
absorption structure
columnar portion
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JP7188321B2 (en
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矢次 健一
Kenichi Yatsugi
健一 矢次
和孝 西川
Kazutaka Nishikawa
和孝 西川
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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Abstract

To provide a light absorption structure capable of showing higher absorption properties in a visible light region and lower thermal radiation properties in a long wavelength region.SOLUTION: A light absorption structure includes a base material, a titanium nitride film formed on the base material and a plurality of titanium nitride columnar parts formed on the titanium nitride film. The light absorption structure can be prepared by a manufacturing method including the formation step of rotating the base material having the titanium nitride film in the state of inclining a fixed holder to form the columnar parts obtained by depositing titanium on the surface of the titanium nitride film and the nitriding step of heating the titanium columnar parts at a temperature of 600°C or more and 900°C or less in ammonia to form titanium nitride columnar parts.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本明細書では、光吸収構造体及び光吸収構造体の製造方法を開示する。 This specification discloses a light absorption structure and a method for producing the light absorption structure.

従来、太陽光を吸収する構造体としては、例えば、0.5〜2μmの範囲の格子周期を有するワッフル状アレイで配置されたほぼ立方体形状のマイクロキャビティを含むスペクトル選択性メタマテリアル改善表面特徴部を備えるものが提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。この構造体では、600℃を上回る動作温度において太陽エネルギーの高い吸収率を有するとしている。 Conventionally, as a structure that absorbs sunlight, for example, a spectrum-selective metamaterial-improved surface feature portion including substantially cubic-shaped microcavities arranged in a waffle-like array having a lattice period in the range of 0.5 to 2 μm. (See, for example, Patent Document 1). This structure is said to have a high absorption rate of solar energy at an operating temperature exceeding 600 ° C.

特開2017−110901号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-11901

しかしながら、上述した特許文献1の構造体では、周期0.5〜2μmの非常に小さな周期で作製する必要があるため、リソグラフィー技術が必要となり、構造の大面積化が難しいという問題があった。また、上記の構造体では、可視光の太陽光スペクトルの強い波長範囲において、吸収スペクトルは80%程度であり、更なる吸収率の向上が求められていた。更に、例えば、4μm以上の長波長領域の熱反射率は考慮されていなかった。 However, since the structure of Patent Document 1 described above needs to be manufactured in a very small period of 0.5 to 2 μm, a lithography technique is required, and there is a problem that it is difficult to increase the area of the structure. Further, in the above structure, the absorption spectrum is about 80% in the strong wavelength range of the sunlight spectrum of visible light, and further improvement of the absorption rate has been required. Further, for example, the thermal reflectance in the long wavelength region of 4 μm or more was not considered.

本開示は、このような課題に鑑みなされたものであり、可視光領域でより高い吸収特性を示し、長波長領域でより低い熱放射特性を示す光吸収構造体及び光吸収構造体の製造方法を提供することを主目的とする。 The present disclosure has been made in view of such a problem, and is a method for producing a light absorption structure and a light absorption structure showing higher absorption characteristics in the visible light region and lower thermal radiation characteristics in the long wavelength region. The main purpose is to provide.

上述した目的を達成するために鋭意研究したところ、本発明者らは、窒化チタンの柱状部を形成すると、光吸収構造体が可視光領域でより高い吸収特性を示し、長波長領域でより低い熱放射特性を示すことを見いだし、本明細書で開示する発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of diligent research to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present inventors have shown that when the columnar portion of titanium nitride is formed, the light absorption structure exhibits higher absorption characteristics in the visible light region and lower in the long wavelength region. It has been found that it exhibits thermal radiation characteristics, and the invention disclosed in the present specification has been completed.

即ち、本明細書で開示する光吸収構造体は、
基材と、
前記基材に形成された窒化チタン膜と、
前記窒化チタン膜上に形成された複数の窒化チタンの柱状部と、
を備えたものである。
That is, the light absorption structure disclosed in this specification is
With the base material
The titanium nitride film formed on the base material and
A plurality of titanium nitride columnar portions formed on the titanium nitride film,
It is equipped with.

本明細書で開示する光吸収構造体の製造方法は、
窒化チタン膜が形成された基材を固定したホルダを傾斜した状態で回転させ、前記窒化チタン膜の表面にチタンを付着させ柱状部を形成する形成工程と、
前記チタンの柱状部をアンモニア中で600℃以上900℃以下の範囲で熱処理し窒化チタンの柱状部とする窒化処理工程と、を含むものである。
The method for producing the light absorption structure disclosed in the present specification is:
A forming step of forming a columnar portion by rotating a holder on which a base material on which a titanium nitride film is formed is fixed in an inclined state and adhering titanium to the surface of the titanium nitride film.
It includes a nitriding step of heat-treating the columnar portion of titanium in ammonia in a range of 600 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower to obtain a columnar portion of titanium nitride.

本開示は、可視光領域において、より広い波長範囲でより高い吸収特性を示し、長波長領域において、より低い熱放射特性を示す光吸収構造体及び光吸収構造体の製造方法を提供することができる。このような効果が得られる理由は、以下のように推測される。例えば、窒化チタンは紫外光から近赤外光において反射率が比較的小さく、赤外光領域において反射率が大きな材料であり、このような光学特性を持つ窒化チタンを薄膜上に形成したナノピラー構造にすることによって、赤外光領域では低い熱放射率を持ちながら,紫外光から近赤外光においてより光吸収率を向上させた吸収材となるものと推察される。 The present disclosure can provide a light absorption structure and a method for producing a light absorption structure that exhibit higher absorption characteristics in a wider wavelength range in the visible light region and lower thermal radiation characteristics in the long wavelength region. it can. The reason why such an effect can be obtained is presumed as follows. For example, titanium nitride is a material having a relatively low reflectance in ultraviolet to near-infrared light and a large reflectance in the infrared light region, and has a nanopillar structure in which titanium nitride having such optical characteristics is formed on a thin film. By doing so, it is presumed that the absorbent material has a low thermal reflectance in the infrared light region and has a higher light reflectance from ultraviolet light to near-infrared light.

光吸収構造体20の一例を示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows an example of the light absorption structure 20. 光吸収構造体製造装置30の一例を示す説明図。The explanatory view which shows an example of the light absorption structure manufacturing apparatus 30. 実験例1の光吸収構造体のSEM写真。SEM photograph of the light absorption structure of Experimental Example 1. 実験例1の光吸収構造体の光吸収率及び熱放射率の測定結果。Measurement results of light absorption rate and heat emissivity of the light absorption structure of Experimental Example 1. 実験例1〜6の柱状部高さLと光吸収及び熱放射との関係図。The relationship diagram between the columnar height L of Experimental Examples 1 to 6 and light absorption and heat radiation. 実験例1、7〜10の柱状部密度と光吸収及び熱放射との関係図。The relationship diagram between the columnar density and light absorption and heat radiation of Experimental Examples 1 and 7-10.

(光吸収構造体)
本開示の光吸収構造体は、基材と、基材に形成された窒化チタン膜と、窒化チタン膜上に形成された複数の窒化チタンの柱状部と、を備えたものである。基材は、窒化チタン膜を支持する部材であり、化学的安定性と機械的強度とを有するものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、ガラス、高分子及び金属のうち1以上からなるものとしてもよい。ガラスとしては、例えば石英ガラスやホウケイ酸ガラスなどが挙げられる。高分子としては、例えば、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミドなどが挙げられる。金属としては、例えば、鉄、銅、アルミニウムなどが挙げられる。また、基材は、窒化チタンで形成されるものとしてもよい。基材の厚さは、例えば、表面積の大きさや柱状部の数に合わせて選択されればよいが、10μm以上としてもよいし1cm以下の範囲としてもよい。
(Light absorption structure)
The light absorption structure of the present disclosure includes a base material, a titanium nitride film formed on the base material, and a plurality of titanium nitride columnar portions formed on the titanium nitride film. The base material is a member that supports the titanium nitride film, and is not particularly limited as long as it has chemical stability and mechanical strength. For example, the base material is made of one or more of glass, polymer, and metal. May be good. Examples of the glass include quartz glass and borosilicate glass. Examples of the polymer include phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyimide and the like. Examples of the metal include iron, copper, aluminum and the like. Further, the base material may be made of titanium nitride. The thickness of the base material may be selected, for example, according to the size of the surface area and the number of columnar portions, but may be 10 μm or more or 1 cm or less.

窒化チタン膜は、基材に密接して柱状部を支持するものである。窒化チタン膜は、柱状体と同じ材質である。この窒化チタン膜は、完全な簿膜である必要はなく、一部にTiや酸化チタンを含むものとしてもよい。この窒化チタン膜の厚さTは、例えば、50nm以上であるものとしてもよいし、100nm以上であるものとしてもよいし、200nm以上であるものとしてもよい。また、厚さTは、500μm以下であるものとしてもよい。厚さTは、厚いほどより強固になる。この窒化チタン膜は、用いる用途により適宜選択されればよいが、その表面積が4cm2以上であるものとしてもよいし、400cm2以下の範囲としてもよい。 The titanium nitride film is in close contact with the base material and supports the columnar portion. The titanium nitride film is made of the same material as the columnar body. This titanium nitride film does not have to be a complete book film, and may partially contain Ti or titanium oxide. The thickness T of the titanium nitride film may be, for example, 50 nm or more, 100 nm or more, or 200 nm or more. Further, the thickness T may be 500 μm or less. The thicker the thickness T, the stronger it becomes. The titanium nitride film may be appropriately selected depending on the intended use, but its surface area may be 4 cm 2 or more, or 400 cm 2 or less.

柱状部は、光吸収特性をより高める部材であり、窒化チタンにより構成されている。柱状部は、高さLが200nm以上1000nm以下の範囲であることが好ましい。高さLが200nm以上では、柱状部の効果を十分発揮することができ、1000nm以下では、作製がより容易であり、構造体の強度を確保することができる。また、柱状部は、直径Dが5nm以上200nm以下の範囲であることが好ましい。この直径Dは、10nm以上であることがより好ましく、40nm以上であることが更に好ましい。また、直径Dは、100nm以下であることがより好ましく、80nm以下であることが更に好ましい。また、柱状部は、密度高く形成されているものとしてもよい。例えば、柱状部は、隣との間隔が50nm以下であることが好ましく、20nm以下であることがより好ましい。この柱状部は、隣と一体とならない程度の間隔があることが好ましく、その間隔は、1nm以上としてもよいし、2nm以上としてもよい。 The columnar portion is a member that further enhances the light absorption characteristics, and is made of titanium nitride. The height L of the columnar portion is preferably in the range of 200 nm or more and 1000 nm or less. When the height L is 200 nm or more, the effect of the columnar portion can be sufficiently exerted, and when the height L is 1000 nm or less, the production is easier and the strength of the structure can be ensured. Further, the columnar portion preferably has a diameter D in the range of 5 nm or more and 200 nm or less. The diameter D is more preferably 10 nm or more, and further preferably 40 nm or more. Further, the diameter D is more preferably 100 nm or less, and further preferably 80 nm or less. Further, the columnar portion may be formed with a high density. For example, the columnar portion preferably has a distance of 50 nm or less from the adjacent portion, and more preferably 20 nm or less. The columnar portions are preferably spaced apart from each other so as not to be integrated with each other, and the spacing may be 1 nm or more, or 2 nm or more.

柱状部は、面積比による密度が40%以上95%以下の範囲であることが好ましい。密度はより高い方が好ましく、40%以上では、波長200nm以上1500nmの波長範囲の光吸収率をより高めることができる。また、この密度が95%以下では、柱状になるための空間を十分確保することができる。この密度は、50%以上としてもよい。また、この密度は、80%以下がより好ましく、60%以下としてもよい。柱状部の面積比による密度(%)は、真上から観察したSEM画像を用いて、窒化チタン膜の領域と柱状部の領域とを二値化して分離し、その面積比から求めるものとする。この柱状部は、水平方向の断面が矩形であるものとしてもよいし、円形状であるものとしてもよい。また、この柱状部は、側面が、断面視あるいは投影視したときに直線で構成されているものとしてもよいし、所定高さごとに傾きが変化する直線又は曲線で構成されているものとしてもよい。 The columnar portion preferably has a density of 40% or more and 95% or less according to the area ratio. A higher density is preferable, and at 40% or more, the light absorption rate in the wavelength range of 200 nm or more and 1500 nm can be further increased. Further, when this density is 95% or less, a sufficient space for forming a column can be secured. This density may be 50% or more. Further, this density is more preferably 80% or less, and may be 60% or less. The density (%) based on the area ratio of the columnar portion shall be obtained by binarizing the titanium nitride film region and the columnar portion region using an SEM image observed from directly above and separating them from the area ratio. .. The columnar portion may have a rectangular cross section in the horizontal direction or may have a circular shape. Further, the side surface of the columnar portion may be formed of a straight line when viewed in cross section or projected, or may be formed of a straight line or a curved line whose inclination changes at a predetermined height. Good.

この光吸収構造体は、波長200nm以上1500nmの波長範囲において吸収率80%以上を示すものとしてもよい。即ち、波長200nm以上1500nmの波長の全範囲において吸収率80%以上を示すものとしてもよい。吸収率は、より高いことが好ましく、85%以上がより好ましく、90%以上が更に好ましい。また、波長200nm以上1500nmの波長範囲における平均吸収率が80%以上を示すものとしてもよく、85%以上がより好ましく、90%以上が更に好ましい。また、この光吸収構造体は、波長4μm以上10μmの波長範囲において熱放射率が35%以下を示すことが好ましい。即ち、波長4μm以上10μmの波長の全範囲において熱放射率35%以下を示すものとしてもよい。熱放射率は、より低いことが好ましく、30%以下がより好ましく、25%以下が更に好ましい。また、波長4μm以上10μmの波長範囲における平均熱放射率が35%以下を示すものとしてもよく、30%以下がより好ましく、25%以下が更に好ましい。窒化チタンにより形成された上記柱状部の構造を有した光吸収構造体では、このような光吸収率や熱放射率を実現することができる。 This light absorption structure may exhibit an absorption rate of 80% or more in a wavelength range of 200 nm or more and 1500 nm. That is, the absorption rate may be 80% or more in the entire range of wavelengths of 200 nm or more and 1500 nm. The absorption rate is preferably higher, more preferably 85% or more, still more preferably 90% or more. Further, the average absorptivity in the wavelength range of 200 nm or more and 1500 nm may be 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, still more preferably 90% or more. Further, it is preferable that the light absorption structure exhibits a heat emissivity of 35% or less in a wavelength range of 4 μm or more and 10 μm or less. That is, the thermal emissivity may be 35% or less in the entire wavelength range of 4 μm or more and 10 μm. The thermal emissivity is preferably lower, more preferably 30% or less, still more preferably 25% or less. Further, the average thermal emissivity in the wavelength range of 4 μm or more and 10 μm may be 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less, still more preferably 25% or less. Such a light absorption rate and a heat emissivity can be realized in a light absorption structure having the structure of the columnar portion formed of titanium nitride.

図1は、光吸収構造体20の一例を示す説明図である。図1に示すように、光吸収構造体20は、基材21と、窒化チタン膜22と、柱状部23とを備えている。柱状部23は、先端が平面であり、円柱状の形状を有する。なお、柱状部23の先端は、曲面により構成されているものとしてもよい。光吸収構造体20では、より高い光吸収特性を有するものとすることができる。 FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the light absorption structure 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the light absorption structure 20 includes a base material 21, a titanium nitride film 22, and a columnar portion 23. The columnar portion 23 has a flat tip and has a columnar shape. The tip of the columnar portion 23 may be formed by a curved surface. The light absorption structure 20 can have higher light absorption characteristics.

(光吸収構造体の製造方法)
本開示の製造方法は、形成工程と、窒化処理工程とを含む。形成工程では、窒化チタン膜が形成された基材を固定したホルダを傾斜した状態で回転させ、窒化チタン膜の表面にチタンを付着させて柱状部を形成する処理を行う。この形成工程では、上記光吸収構造体で説明した構造となるように、材質や大きさなどを適宜選択して行うことができる。窒化チタン膜が形成されていない基材を用いる場合、柱状部の形成の前に、基材の表面へ窒化チタン膜を形成する処理を行うものとしてもよい。基材上への窒化チタン膜の形成は、例えば、スパッタ製膜や、電子ビーム(EB)蒸着、CVD法などの手法により行うことができる。また、窒化チタン膜が形成された基材を用いる場合、そのまま柱状部を窒化チタン膜上に形成すればよい。柱状部の形成は、例えば、EB蒸着や、スパッタ成膜、CVD法などの手法により行うことができる。このうち、EB蒸着がより好ましい。ホルダの傾斜は、例えば、ホルダの中心軸に対する、基材の中心と原料の基材に近い端部とを接続した線がなす角度θとして表すことができる(図2参照)。この角度θは、60°以上90°未満の範囲のいずれかとすることができ、68°以上88°以下の範囲としてもよい。図3は、ピラー形状の柱状部23を有する光吸収構造体20を製造する光吸収構造体製造装置30の一例を示す説明図である。この構造体製造装置30は、基材21を固定するホルダ31と、チタンを含む原料32を収容する収容部33と、これらを収容するチャンバ34と、原料32を飛翔させる図示しない形成部とを備えている。EB蒸着を行う場合、形成部は電子銃とすればよい。
(Manufacturing method of light absorption structure)
The manufacturing method of the present disclosure includes a forming step and a nitriding treatment step. In the forming step, the holder on which the base material on which the titanium nitride film is formed is fixed is rotated in an inclined state, and titanium is adhered to the surface of the titanium nitride film to form a columnar portion. In this forming step, the material, size, and the like can be appropriately selected so as to obtain the structure described in the light absorption structure. When a base material on which the titanium nitride film is not formed is used, a treatment for forming a titanium nitride film on the surface of the base material may be performed before forming the columnar portion. The titanium nitride film can be formed on the substrate by, for example, a sputtering film, an electron beam (EB) vapor deposition, or a CVD method. When a base material on which a titanium nitride film is formed is used, the columnar portion may be formed on the titanium nitride film as it is. The columnar portion can be formed by, for example, EB vapor deposition, sputter deposition, or a CVD method. Of these, EB vapor deposition is more preferable. The inclination of the holder can be expressed as, for example, an angle θ formed by a line connecting the center of the base material and the end portion close to the base material of the raw material with respect to the central axis of the holder (see FIG. 2). This angle θ can be any of a range of 60 ° or more and less than 90 °, and may be a range of 68 ° or more and 88 ° or less. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example of a light absorption structure manufacturing apparatus 30 for manufacturing a light absorption structure 20 having a pillar-shaped columnar portion 23. The structure manufacturing apparatus 30 includes a holder 31 for fixing the base material 21, an accommodating portion 33 accommodating a raw material 32 containing titanium, a chamber 34 accommodating these, and a forming portion (not shown) for flying the raw material 32. I have. When EB vapor deposition is performed, the forming portion may be an electron gun.

窒化処理工程では、チタンの柱状部をアンモニア中で600℃以上900℃以下の範囲で熱処理し、窒化チタンの柱状部とする処理を行う。アンモニア雰囲気での熱処理は、700℃以上で行うものとしてもよいし、800℃以上で行うものとしてもよい。またこの熱処理は、850℃以下の温度範囲で熱処理することが好ましい。この熱処理温度をより高くすると、柱状部の窒化処理をより確実に実行することができる。また、この熱処理温度をより低くすると、エネルギー消費量をより低減することができる。 In the nitriding treatment step, the columnar portion of titanium is heat-treated in ammonia in a range of 600 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower to form a columnar portion of titanium nitride. The heat treatment in an ammonia atmosphere may be performed at 700 ° C. or higher, or may be performed at 800 ° C. or higher. Further, this heat treatment is preferably performed in a temperature range of 850 ° C. or lower. When the heat treatment temperature is raised, the nitriding treatment of the columnar portion can be performed more reliably. Further, when the heat treatment temperature is lowered, the energy consumption can be further reduced.

以上詳述した光吸収構造体及び光吸収構造体の製造方法では、可視光領域においてより広い波長範囲でより高い吸収特性を示し、長波長領域でより低い熱放射特性を示すことができる。このような効果が得られる理由は、以下のように推測される。例えば、窒化チタンは紫外光から近赤外光において反射率が比較的小さく、赤外光領域において反射率が大きな材料であり、このような光学特性を持つ窒化チタンを薄膜上に形成したナノピラー構造にすることによって、赤外光領域では低い熱放射率を持ちながら,紫外光から近赤外光においてより光吸収率を向上させた吸収材となるものと推察される。また、窒化チタンは融点が2900℃と非常に高いため,この光吸収構造体は、太陽光の吸収による高温にも耐えることができる。更に、この製造方法では、チタンの柱状部を形成したのちに窒化処理して窒化チタンの柱状部を形成するため、最初から窒化チタンの柱状部を形成するものに比して、より簡単且つより確実に窒化チタンの柱状部を形成することができる。 In the light absorption structure and the method for producing the light absorption structure described in detail above, higher absorption characteristics can be exhibited in a wider wavelength range in the visible light region, and lower thermal radiation characteristics can be exhibited in the long wavelength region. The reason why such an effect can be obtained is presumed as follows. For example, titanium nitride is a material having a relatively low reflectance in ultraviolet to near-infrared light and a large reflectance in the infrared light region, and has a nanopillar structure in which titanium nitride having such optical characteristics is formed on a thin film. By doing so, it is presumed that the absorbent material has a low thermal reflectance in the infrared light region and has a higher light reflectance from ultraviolet light to near-infrared light. Moreover, since titanium nitride has a very high melting point of 2900 ° C., this light absorbing structure can withstand high temperatures due to absorption of sunlight. Further, in this manufacturing method, since the columnar portion of titanium is formed and then the columnar portion of titanium nitride is formed, the columnar portion of titanium nitride is formed, so that it is easier and more simple than the one in which the columnar portion of titanium nitride is formed from the beginning. The columnar portion of titanium nitride can be reliably formed.

なお、本開示は上述した実施形態に何ら限定されることはなく、本開示の技術的範囲に属する限り種々の態様で実施し得ることはいうまでもない。 It goes without saying that the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented in various embodiments as long as it belongs to the technical scope of the present disclosure.

以下には、本明細書で開示する光吸収構造体を具体的に作製した例を実験例として説明する。実験例1〜10が実施例に相当する。 Hereinafter, an example in which the light absorption structure disclosed in the present specification is specifically produced will be described as an experimental example. Experimental Examples 1 to 10 correspond to Examples.

(実験例1の光吸収構造体の作製)
シリコン基板を基材として用い、この基材上にスパッタによって窒化チタン膜を100nm成膜した。スパッタ条件は、ターゲットをTi、スパッタガスを5.9体積%の窒素を含むArガス、ガス圧を0.3Pa、電力500W、スパッタ時間を13分50秒とした。次に、図2に示す構造体製造装置を用い、窒化チタン膜を形成した基材を固定したホルダをθ=85.4°に傾けた状態で配置し、このホルダを4.6rpmの速度で自転させながら電子ビーム(EB)蒸着によってTiを窒化チタン膜上に形成した。蒸着装置は、キヤノンアネルバ社製L−45E型を用いた。成膜速度は、0.2nm/secであった。300nmの柱状部が形成された時点で蒸着を終了し、Tiのピラー状の柱状部が密集して形成された構造体を得た。続いて、このTiの柱状体が形成された構造体をアンモニア雰囲気中、800℃、1時間熱処理し、Tiを窒化チタン化し、得られた光吸収構造体を実験例1とした。
(Preparation of light absorption structure of Experimental Example 1)
A silicon substrate was used as a base material, and a titanium nitride film of 100 nm was formed on the base material by sputtering. The sputtering conditions were Ti for the target, Ar gas containing 5.9% by volume of nitrogen for the sputtering gas, 0.3 Pa for the gas pressure, 500 W for the electric power, and 13 minutes and 50 seconds for the sputtering time. Next, using the structure manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 2, a holder to which the base material on which the titanium nitride film was formed was fixed was placed in a state of being tilted at θ = 85.4 °, and this holder was placed at a speed of 4.6 rpm. Ti was formed on the titanium nitride film by electron beam (EB) vapor deposition while rotating. As the vapor deposition apparatus, an L-45E type manufactured by Canon Anelva Corporation was used. The film forming rate was 0.2 nm / sec. The vapor deposition was completed when the columnar portions having a diameter of 300 nm were formed, and a structure in which the pillar-shaped columnar portions of Ti were densely formed was obtained. Subsequently, the structure in which the columnar body of Ti was formed was heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 1 hour in an ammonia atmosphere to convert Ti to titanium nitride, and the obtained light absorption structure was used as Experimental Example 1.

(SEM観察)
作製した光吸収構造体に対して、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM,HITACHI社製FE5500)を用いて微細構造の観察を行った。SEM観察は、観察条件として加速電圧10kVで5万倍〜10万倍の範囲とした。また、真上から観察したSEM画像を用いて、面積比による柱状部の密度(%)を求めた。柱状部の密度は、SEM画像をImageJで画像処理し、窒化チタン膜の領域と柱状部の領域とを二値化して分離し、その面積比から求めた。
(SEM observation)
The microstructure of the produced light absorption structure was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, FE5500 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). The SEM observation was performed in the range of 50,000 to 100,000 times at an acceleration voltage of 10 kV as an observation condition. In addition, the density (%) of the columnar portion was determined by the area ratio using the SEM image observed from directly above. The density of the columnar portion was determined from the area ratio of the SEM image obtained by image processing with ImageJ, binarizing the region of the titanium nitride film and the region of the columnar portion, and separating them.

(光吸収特性評価)
作製した光吸収構造体に対して、光吸収特性を評価した。測定は、島津製作所製、紫外・可視・近赤外分光光度計UV−3600・ISR−3100により、200nm〜10000nmの波長域にて試料を測定することにより、反射率および透過率を測定することで光吸収率及び熱放射率を求めた。
(Evaluation of light absorption characteristics)
The light absorption characteristics of the prepared light absorption structure were evaluated. The reflectance and transmittance shall be measured by measuring the sample in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 10000 nm with the UV-3600 / ISR-3100 ultraviolet / visible / near-infrared spectrophotometer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. The light absorption rate and the heat emissivity were determined in.

(実験例2〜10の光吸収構造体)
下記の数式(1)、(2)を用いて太陽光吸収率αと熱放射率εの柱状部高さおよび柱状部の密度依存性を検討した。表1に示す柱状部の高さ(nm)と面積比での柱状部の密度としたものを実験例2〜10とした。なお、式中のIsolar(λ)は、太陽光スペクトルであり、IBB(λ)は、黒体輻射スペクトルである。
(Light absorption structure of Experimental Examples 2 to 10)
Using the following mathematical formulas (1) and (2), the columnar height of the solar absorption rate α and the heat emissivity ε and the density dependence of the columnar part were examined. Experimental Examples 2 to 10 were defined as the density of the columnar portions in terms of the height (nm) of the columnar portions and the area ratio shown in Table 1. In the equation, I solar (λ) is a sunlight spectrum, and I BB (λ) is a blackbody radiation spectrum.

(結果と考察)
表1に実験例1〜10の柱状部の高さL(nm)柱状部の密度(%)、波長200nm〜1500nmでの平均吸収率(%)、波長4μm〜10μmでの平均熱放射率(%)をまとめて示した。図3は、実験例1の光吸収構造体のSEM写真であり、図3Aが真上からの画像、図3Bが斜め30°の画像である。図4は、実験例1の光吸収構造体の光吸収率及び熱放射率の測定結果である。図5は、実験例1〜6の柱状部高さLと光吸収及び熱放射との関係図である。図6は、実験例1、7〜10の柱状部密度と光吸収及び熱放射との関係図である。図3に示すように、ホルダを傾斜した状態で回転させ、基材に形成された窒化チタン膜の上にTiをEB蒸着させると直径Dが10nmである円柱体が密度高く形成された構造体が得られることがわかった。また、X線回折測定を行ったところ、窒化チタンの回折ピークが確認されたため、アンモニア中の熱処理により、チタンの柱状部が窒化され、窒化チタンの柱状部が得られていることが確認された。また、図4に示すように、窒化チタンの柱状体を多数形成した構造体は、200nm〜1500nmの波長の光吸収率が平均90%を超えており、4μm〜10μmの波長の熱放射率が平均35%を下回っており、1500nm以下ではより広い範囲の波長をより高く吸収でき、4μm以上の波長では熱放射をより抑制することができ、光吸収特性が好適であることがわかった。
(Results and discussion)
Table 1 shows the height L (nm) of the columnar portions of Experimental Examples 1 to 10, the density (%) of the columnar portions, the average absorptivity (%) at a wavelength of 200 nm to 1500 nm, and the average thermal emissivity at a wavelength of 4 μm to 10 μm. %) Are shown together. FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the light absorption structure of Experimental Example 1, FIG. 3A is an image from directly above, and FIG. 3B is an image at an angle of 30 °. FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of the light absorption rate and the heat emissivity of the light absorption structure of Experimental Example 1. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the height L of the columnar portion of Experimental Examples 1 to 6 and light absorption and heat radiation. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the columnar density and light absorption and heat radiation of Experimental Examples 1 and 7 to 10. As shown in FIG. 3, when the holder is rotated in an inclined state and Ti is EB-deposited on the titanium nitride film formed on the base material, a structure in which a cylinder having a diameter D of 10 nm is formed with high density. Was found to be obtained. In addition, when X-ray diffraction measurement was performed, a diffraction peak of titanium nitride was confirmed, so it was confirmed that the columnar portion of titanium was nitrided by the heat treatment in ammonia and the columnar portion of titanium nitride was obtained. .. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the structure in which a large number of titanium nitride columnar bodies are formed has an average light absorption rate of more than 90% at wavelengths of 200 nm to 1500 nm and a thermal emissivity of wavelengths of 4 μm to 10 μm. It was found that the average is less than 35%, that the wavelength in a wider range can be absorbed higher at 1500 nm or less, the heat radiation can be further suppressed at the wavelength of 4 μm or more, and the light absorption characteristic is suitable.

また、図5に示すように、窒化チタンの柱状部の高さLは、200nm以上1000nm以下の範囲が好適であり、800nm以下がより好適であり、600nm以下が更に好適であった。また、図6に示すように、窒化チタンの柱状部の面積比での密度は、40%以上95nm以下の範囲が好適であり、80%がより好適であり、60%以下が更に好適であった。なお、実験例1〜10では、柱状部の直径Dは、10nm以上100nm以下の範囲であった。 Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the height L of the columnar portion of titanium nitride is preferably in the range of 200 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, more preferably 800 nm or less, and further preferably 600 nm or less. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the density of the columnar portion of titanium nitride in the area ratio is preferably in the range of 40% or more and 95 nm or less, more preferably 80%, and further preferably 60% or less. It was. In Experimental Examples 1 to 10, the diameter D of the columnar portion was in the range of 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.

このように、窒化チタンの柱状部を形成すると、基材を傾けて回転して移動させるという簡単な工程によって、反射率の低減や吸収率の増加、熱放射率の低減など、特性をより高めた光吸収構造体を得ることができることがわかった。 In this way, when the columnar portion of titanium nitride is formed, the characteristics such as reduction of reflectance, increase of absorption rate, and reduction of heat emissivity are further enhanced by a simple process of tilting and rotating the base material to move it. It was found that a light absorbing structure can be obtained.

なお、本開示は上述した実施例に何ら限定されることはなく、本開示の技術的範囲に属する限り種々の態様で実施し得ることはいうまでもない。 It should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described examples, and it goes without saying that the present disclosure can be carried out in various aspects as long as it belongs to the technical scope of the present disclosure.

本明細書で開示する光吸収構造体及び光吸収構造体の製造方法は、太陽光など光を吸収する技術分野に利用可能である。 The light absorbing structure and the method for producing the light absorbing structure disclosed in the present specification can be used in a technical field that absorbs light such as sunlight.

20 光吸収構造体、21 基材、22 窒化チタン膜、23 柱状部、30 構造体製造装置、31 ホルダ、32 原料、33 収容部。 20 light absorption structure, 21 base material, 22 titanium nitride film, 23 columnar part, 30 structure manufacturing equipment, 31 holder, 32 raw material, 33 storage part.

Claims (10)

基材と、
前記基材に形成された窒化チタン膜と、
前記窒化チタン膜上に形成された複数の窒化チタンの柱状部と、
を備えた光吸収構造体。
With the base material
The titanium nitride film formed on the base material and
A plurality of titanium nitride columnar portions formed on the titanium nitride film,
Light absorption structure with.
前記柱状部は、高さが200nm以上1000nm以下の範囲である、請求項1に記載の光吸収構造体。 The light absorption structure according to claim 1, wherein the columnar portion has a height in the range of 200 nm or more and 1000 nm or less. 前記柱状部は、面積比による密度が40%以上95%以下の範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の光吸収構造体。 The light absorption structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the columnar portion has a density of 40% or more and 95% or less in terms of area ratio. 前記柱状部は、面積比による密度が40%以上95%以下の範囲である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の光吸収構造体。 The light absorption structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the columnar portion has a density of 40% or more and 95% or less according to an area ratio. 前記柱状部は直径が5nm以上200nm以下の範囲である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の光吸収構造体。 The light absorption structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the columnar portion has a diameter in the range of 5 nm or more and 200 nm or less. 波長200nm以上1500nmの波長範囲において平均吸収率が80%以上を示す、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の光吸収構造体。 The light absorption structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which exhibits an average absorption rate of 80% or more in a wavelength range of 200 nm or more and 1500 nm. 波長4μm以上10μm以下の波長範囲において平均熱放射率が35%以下を示す、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の光吸収構造体。 The light absorption structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the average heat emissivity is 35% or less in a wavelength range of 4 μm or more and 10 μm or less. 前記基材は、ガラス、高分子及び金属のうち1以上からなる、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の光吸収構造体。 The light absorption structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the base material comprises one or more of glass, a polymer and a metal. 窒化チタン膜が形成された基材を固定したホルダを傾斜した状態で回転させ、前記窒化チタン膜の表面にチタンを付着させて柱状部を形成する形成工程と、
前記チタンの柱状部をアンモニア中で600℃以上900℃以下の範囲で熱処理し窒化チタンの柱状部とする窒化処理工程と、
を含む光吸収構造体の製造方法。
A forming step of forming a columnar portion by rotating a holder on which a base material on which a titanium nitride film is formed is fixed in an inclined state and adhering titanium to the surface of the titanium nitride film.
A nitriding step of heat-treating the columnar portion of titanium in ammonia in a range of 600 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower to obtain a columnar portion of titanium nitride.
A method for manufacturing a light absorbing structure including.
前記形成工程では、前記原料に対して60°以上90°未満の角度で前記基材を傾けて前記ホルダを回転する、請求項9に記載の光吸収構造体の製造方法。 The method for producing a light absorption structure according to claim 9, wherein in the forming step, the base material is tilted at an angle of 60 ° or more and less than 90 ° with respect to the raw material to rotate the holder.
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