JP2021012356A - Color image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

To solve the problem in which in a color image display device, there is hue that cannot be expressed no matter how large a triangle formed by three primary colors is made in the technique of expressing hue by additive color mixing of the three primary colors.SOLUTION: A color image display device includes a light source, a broad hologram that defines an input image with respect to an output image and is by a spatial optical modulator, and an illumination optical system for illuminating the broad hologram by an illumination luminous flux, and forms an output image conjugate to the broad hologram by a pupil passing luminous flux passing through a pupil. Two-dimensionally distributed hue pixels are set in the broad hologram. A diffraction grating in which each component of a diffraction grating having a spatial alignment period and a periodic alignment direction corresponding to the direction of an individual illumination luminous flux and a diffraction intensity is superimposed such that hue imposed on each hue pixel is realized by additive color mixing of the pupil passing luminous flux originating from the hue pixel so that each hue pixel expresses hue imposed on each hue pixel is formed over each of the hue pixels.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a color image display device for displaying a color image using a light source having a continuous spectrum and a diffraction grating.

Generally, when it is desired to specify the color of light emitted from a light source or the like, it is expressed by chromaticity coordinates based on the XYZ color system established by the CIE (International Commission on Illumination).
(Reference: "Characteristics and Technology of Color", October 10, 1986, 1st edition, 1st edition, JSAP / Optical Society, published by Asakura Shoten)
When there is a luminous flux whose power spectrum distribution is represented by S (λ) with the wavelength λ as a parameter, the tristimulus values X, Y, Z of the luminous flux are the color matching function xy (λ) defined by the CIE. ), Ye (λ), ze (λ), the following equation (Equation 1)
X = ∫S (λ) ・ xe (λ) ・ dλ
Y = ∫S (λ) ・ yes (λ) ・ dλ
Z = ∫S (λ) ・ ze (λ) ・ dλ
It is calculated by the integral calculation of.
However, the integration is said to be performed in the region of 380 nm to 780 nm.
At this time, the brightness is represented by the value of Y.
Using these tristimulus values, the chromaticity coordinates x and y representing the hue of the luminous flux S (λ) described above are given by the following equation (Equation 2).
x = X / (X + Y + Z)
y = Y / (X + Y + Z)
Is required.
The characteristics of the color matching functions xe (λ), ye (λ), and ze (λ) are shown in FIG. 33, which is a schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention.
(By the way, in the general literature, the color matching function uses a symbol with a horizontal bar above each character of x, y, z, but in this specification, it is described as described above for convenience.)

When all the hues that can be expressed by this color system are plotted on the x and y planes, the bell-shaped region shown in FIG. 34, which is a schematic diagram of the concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention, It will be located around and inside, and such a diagram is called a chromaticity diagram.
In the case of light in which sunlight is spectrally decomposed using a spectroscope to extract a narrow band, or monochromatic light such as laser light, the red color with the longest wavelength is plotted at the point (A) and the wavelength becomes shorter. The position plotted according to is moved along the inverted U-shaped solid line around the bell shape, and the blue (violet) having the shortest wavelength is plotted at the point (B).
Then, the inverted U-shaped solid line (Ls) from the point (A) to the point (B) is called a spectrum locus.

On the chromaticity diagram, the chromaticity of the third light generated by additive-mixing the first light having a certain chromaticity coordinate and the second light having another chromaticity coordinate at some ratio. The coordinates are plotted on the line connecting the two points of each chromaticity coordinate of the first and second lights before mixing, and at that time, where on the line connecting the two points is added. It has the property that it is determined by the mixing ratio at the time of mixing (hereinafter, this property is referred to as the color mixing coordinate law).
However, the mixing ratio of the first light and the second light is set to, for example, 1: 0, and the case where only one light is substantially contained is also referred to as additive color mixing in a broad sense.
Therefore, the light plotted at the point (A) and the light plotted at the point (B) are generated by additive color mixing in which the mixing ratio is continuously changed from 1: 0 to 0: 1. The set of chromaticity coordinates on which the light is plotted forms a straight line portion (Lp) indicated by a broken line from the point (A) to the point (B), and this straight line portion is called a pure purple locus.

On the spectral locus (Ls), green is arranged in the part where the y coordinate is the largest (near the top of the inverted U shape), and its complementary color, magenta, is near the center on the pure purple locus (Lp). Be placed.
Further, yellow, which is the complementary color of blue of the point (B), is located between the green part and the point (A), and cyan, which is the complementary color of red of the point (A), is the green part and the point. It is arranged on the spectral locus (Ls) around the middle of (B).
On the other hand, pure white is arranged at a position where the chromaticity coordinates are 1/3, 1/3.
Such matters concerning chromaticity diagrams and chromaticity coordinates are indispensable knowledge for those who learn color.

Therefore, the chromaticity diagram is a plate in which the chromaticity diagram is colored with a continuously changing hue from red to yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, and red, centering on the white color just described. It is published in many books and articles on the Internet.
But in fact, these plates are incorrect.
The reason is that in the case of printed matter, all colors are expressed by a decolorization mixture of cyan, magenta, and yellow (and black) inks, and in the case of liquid crystal monitors and projectors, red (R) and green (G). ), Blue (B) All colors are expressed by color mixing of transmitted light from the color filter and light from the light emitting element.

This will be described in detail below.
When expressing hue by additive color mixing of this kind of RGB3 primary colors, there is a standard called sRGB as a standard, and as shown in the plot on the chromaticity diagram of FIG. 35, the standard red, green, and blue The chromaticity coordinates (sR, sG, sB) of each color are defined.
The specific coordinate values (x, y) of the chromaticity coordinates (sR, sG, sB) are (0.6000, 0.3300) for red, (0.3000, 0.6000) for green, and (0.1500, 0.0600) for blue.
Considering the above-mentioned color mixing coordinate law, the hue that can be expressed by the display device compliant with sRGB is limited to the colors of the peripheral and internal coordinates of the triangle having the chromaticity coordinates (sR, sG, sB) as the apex. Therefore, it can be seen that only a part of the effective region of the chromaticity diagram surrounded by the spectral locus (Ls) and the pure purple locus (Lp) is covered.
Therefore, a display device conforming to sRGB cannot display a correctly colored chromaticity diagram.

This is not a display device compliant with sRGB, for example, red has a wavelength of 640 nm (Mitsubishi Electric), green has a wavelength of 524 nm (Nichia Corporation), and blue has a wavelength of 465 nm (Nichia Corporation). Assuming a projector using the three primary colors of monochromatic light, which can be realized by the above, the hue that can be expressed by this projector is the triangular region in which the apex is located on the spectral locus, which is shown by the dotted line in FIG. 35.
This has a larger hue area that can be expressed than sRGB, but it does not cover the necessary area.

As described above, no matter how large the triangle formed by the three primary colors is, it is impossible to cover the effective area of the chromaticity diagram having a curve around it. Therefore, the three primary colors are added or subtracted. It can be seen that it is impossible to display a correctly colored chromaticity diagram with the technique of expressing hue by means of.
However, it is a big problem that color learners cannot see the correctly colored chromaticity diagram.
In addition, for example, an image that teaches the correspondence between the wavelength and color of monochromatic light, an image that shows the state of spectral decomposition of star light, etc., and the correspondence between metal ions contained in chemical substances and the color of the flame reaction are taught. Similarly, in the case of an image showing the color (structural color) of a feather such as a morpho butterfly, a beetle, or abalone, or an image showing the color (structural color) of a shell (inside) such as an abalone, the problem is faced.

As a prior art for displaying a color image having a hue region wider than that of sRGB, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-051548, two sub-pixels are arranged in one pixel expressing a hue, and each sub-pixel is arranged. By providing diffraction grids with different pitches in the pixels, it is possible to perform additive color mixing of two types of monochromatic light selected appropriately, and to realize hues of arbitrary chromaticity coordinates that are not limited to monochromatic colors by the color mixing coordinate law. What to do is described.
However, in the case of this technique, assuming that the diffraction grating recording medium is irradiated with white illumination light vertically, all the pixels are straight in the horizontal direction on the assumption that the observation is performed with a line of sight that is tilted toward you, for example, 30 degrees from the vertical. Since a diffraction grating composed of is formed, the visible color changes when the observation line-of-sight angle deviates from a predetermined value, as in the so-called rainbow hologram, and when light from multiple light sources is applied, it is intended. There is a drawback that color mixing that does not occur occurs.
In addition, since the number of sub-pixels is reduced to two as compared with the conventional one in which three sub-pixels of RGB are arranged, the problems of decrease in brightness and resolution and color shift are solved by 3/2 times. However, it is still inferior to the one without sub-pixels.

Further, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-011141 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-527017, three or more sub-pixels are arranged in one pixel expressing a hue, and the number of sub-pixels is not limited to sRGB. Monochromatic light of the selected three primary colors or more primary colors forms a diffraction grid with a pitch that is generated by diffraction in the sub-pixels to perform additive color mixing, and colors in a wider range than sRGB according to the color mixing coordinate law. It is described that an image having the above can be displayed.
However, also in these techniques, as in the case of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-051548, when the line-of-sight angle to be observed deviates from a predetermined value, the visible color changes and the light from a plurality of light sources is applied. In this case, there is a drawback that unintended color mixing occurs.
Further, although any three primary colors or more primary colors can be selected, the displayable hue region is a triangle or a polygon inscribed in the inverse U-shaped spectral locus (Ls) of the chromaticity diagram. Therefore, it is impossible to correctly display a color image such as a chromaticity diagram in which all hues on the spectrum locus (Ls) exist in one image.

Further, in the conventional hue expression technique using a diffraction grating described above, for example, a diffraction grating recording medium such as a resin is embossed by a hot press or a diffraction grating having a concave-convex pattern or the like is used by means such as laser irradiation. Since it is formed, the display content is fixed, and it is impossible to display an arbitrary color image defined by an electric signal or display a moving image like a modern liquid crystal projector or a DLP projector. there were.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-518198, a spatial light modulator having an array of diffraction gratings called GLV (Grating Light Valve), and a spatial light modulator configured by using the same, and white light is modulated by the spatial light modulator and defined by an electric signal. A device for displaying an arbitrary color image is described.
However, the diffraction grating array included in this spatial light modulator is composed of a diffraction grating having three kinds of periods suitable for diffraction of the RGB3 primary colors, and therefore, only a color image display of the RGB3 primary colors can be realized by this.

By mixing a plurality of colors not limited to the RGB3 primary colors, which has not been realized by these conventional techniques, it is possible to express a hue covering the entire effective region of the chromaticity diagram, and any color defined by an electric signal. As an approach that makes it possible to display an image, with the understanding that a diffraction grating is also a type of image, a diffraction grating image whose period is two-dimensionally distributed depending on the location is subjected to light reflectance or transmission for each pixel. When set or drawn on a spatial light modulator capable of modulating the rate and illuminated with a light beam having a continuous spectrum, such as white light, from a specific direction, a specific reflection direction or a specific transmission By observing the spatial optical modulator from the direction, consider a device that enables visual recognition of a color image in which the diffraction colors corresponding to the two-dimensional distribution of the diffraction grating period drawn on the spatial optical modulator are distributed in two dimensions. be able to.
The diffraction grating image to be drawn at this time is a so-called density grating in which the light transmittance changes in a sinusoidal shape, which is formed by exposing a monochrome silver halide photographic plate.
As a matter of course, since monochromatic light of one kind of wavelength is diffracted in a specific direction from a diffraction grating with one period, in order to express an arbitrary hue by mixing, it is necessary to use a spatial light modulator. It is necessary to distribute a diffraction grating having at least two kinds of periods in two dimensions.

Holograms are well-known as transmission-type or reflection-type optical information media on which a diffraction grating is recorded. Some kind of image appears and is usually used to display a stereoscopic image.
In the above approach, since the diffraction grating is drawn on the spatial light modulator, it is similar to the hologram, but what appears by the irradiation of the illumination light is the color, which is different from the hologram in the usual sense. In the present specification, a hologram in which a transmission type or reflection type diffraction grating is drawn for displaying a color image based on the principle of the approach is referred to as a hologram in a broad sense.

A liquid crystal element can be used as a spatial light modulator as a broad hologram for such an approach, and in particular, the ratio (aperture ratio) of an effective pixel area to the screen area of the spatial light modulator is LCOS (Liquid Crystal On Silicon), which is a high-level reflective liquid crystal element, is suitable.
For example, there is a 0.69 type 4K "D-ILA" manufactured by JVC KENWOOD Corporation.

This will be briefly described with reference to FIG. 36 (a), which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified configuration related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention. In a normal liquid crystal projector optical system, LCOS (Mrn) ) Is used, a polarized beam splitter prism (BpCn) for both polarization and detection is placed in front of it, and illumination light (Fen) polarized in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface is incident on the polarized beam splitter prism. Each modulated pixel of the LCOS (Mrn) is collectively illuminated by the incident light (Fi) composed of only the S polarization component reflected by the polarization action of (BpCn).
A control voltage is individually applied to each modulation pixel of the LCOS (Mrn), and when the incident light is reflected by each modulation pixel, rotation of the polarizing surface is given according to the magnitude of the control voltage. Since what was originally S-polarized light now contains an amount of P-polarized light component corresponding to the control voltage, the reflected light (Fr) from the LCOS (Mrn) is regenerated into the polarized beam splitter prism (BpCn). When incident, the transmittance of the S-polarized light component is blocked by the light detection action, so that the transmittance can be controlled for each modulated pixel.
By projecting the transmitted light (Fo) from the polarization beam splitter prism (BpCn) onto the screen (Sfn) conjugated to the LCOS (Mrn) by the projection lens (Ofn), light and dark spatial modulation is performed for each modulation pixel. Display the applied image (see, for example, Hiroshi Sato: Optics, Vol. 35, No. 6 (2006) p318, Published by Japan Optical Society (Applied Physics Society)).

Further, as a hologram in a broad sense, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Device) which is a transmissive liquid crystal element can also be used.
As shown in FIG. 36 (b), when an LCD (Mtn) is used in a normal liquid crystal projector optical system, illumination light (Fen) polarized in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface is used as a polarizing component parallel to the paper surface. Control applied to the modulated pixel when it is incident on an LCD (Mtn) in front of a polarizing element (Up) that blocks transmission (usually in front because the perfect polarization of the illumination light (Fen) cannot be expected). Since the rotation of the polarizing surface is given according to the magnitude of the voltage and the polarization component parallel to the paper surface is contained in the amount corresponding to the control voltage, it is perpendicular to the paper surface placed after the LCD (Mtn). It is possible to control the transmission rate of the polarized light component when it is incident on the detector (Ua) that blocks the transmission of the polarized light component for each modulated pixel.
By projecting the transmitted light (Fo) from the analyzer (Ua) onto the screen (Sfn) conjugated to the LCD (Mtn) by the projection lens (Ofn), light and dark spatial modulation is performed for each modulation pixel. Display the image.

By the way, in a normal liquid crystal projector equipped with these LCOS and LCD, three liquid crystal elements for spatially modulating each image of R, G, and B are illuminated with each of the three primary colors of R, G, and B. A color image is displayed by superimposing the output images of three colors.
Therefore, if, in such a liquid crystal projector, only the spatial modulation function for one color is enabled, and while illuminating with white light having a continuous spectrum, a diffraction grating image is drawn on the modulation pixel and displayed on a screen. If this is done, it will not be the case, considering whether the image will be colored according to the period of the diffraction grating.
The reason is that in a normal liquid crystal projector, in order to make the screen brightness uniform, a fly-eye integrator is used to superimpose illumination lights from many directions to illuminate the spatial light modulator. Is.
Therefore, in the above approach, it can be seen that the fly-eye integrator cannot be used because the spatial light modulator must be illuminated only by the illumination light from a specific direction.

By the way, in the experiment considered above, what happens if the flyeye integrator is removed and illuminated with a white parallel light flux from one direction, for example, in the direction of the optical axis of the projection lens? Colored images may be displayed depending on the period of.
However, this color development is obtained by removing components exceeding the NA of the projection lens from the light rays deflected at an angle depending on the wavelength by the diffraction grating, and is a so-called color reduction mixed color development. It is not possible to perform color development in a narrow spectral width on the spectral locus (Ls).
Therefore, it is impossible to display a color having an arbitrary chromaticity coordinate on the chromaticity diagram by this color development method.

As mentioned above, when using LCOS or LCD, it can be seen that consideration must be given to the polarization of the illumination light.
For example, in the case of LCOS, for the illumination light (Fen) incident on the polarization beam splitter prism (BpCn), if it is unpolarized, all the P polarization components are the polarization beam splitter prism (BpCn). Since it is transmitted, half of the power of the illumination light (Fen) is wasted.
Similarly, in the case of an LCD, when the illumination light (Fen) is unpolarized, half of the power of the illumination light (Fen) is discarded by the action of the polarizer (Up), and in any case. However, there is a problem that the efficiency of light utilization is reduced.
Therefore, in a normal liquid crystal projector, a fly-eye integrator and a polarization aligning element are used to make the illumination uniform, and the polarization direction is aligned with the S polarization to avoid the loss of the power of the illumination light (). See, for example, Japanese Patent No. 5729522: paragraphs [0007-0012]).
However, in the above approach, since the fly-eye integrator cannot be used as described above, it is necessary to separately solve the problem that the light utilization efficiency is lowered.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-051548 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-011141 Special table 2007-527017 Special table 2001-518198

The problem to be solved by the present invention is that in a color image display device, in a technique for expressing a hue by mixing three primary colors with colors or reducing colors, a curve can be formed no matter how large the triangle formed by the three primary colors is. A color that can display an arbitrary color image defined by an electric signal, which solves the problem that there are hues that cannot be expressed because it is impossible to cover the effective area of the chromaticity diagram around it. The purpose is to provide an image display device.

The present invention embodies the above approach as a practical device.

The color image display device of the first invention of the present invention is a color image display device for displaying a colored output image (Dc) using the light of a light source (Ge) having a continuous spectrum.
With the light source (Ge)
A broad hologram (H) which is an input image with respect to the output image (Dc) and
It has an illumination optical system (Oe) for illuminating the broadly defined hologram (H) with an illumination luminous flux (Fe) under specified conditions formed from light emitted from the light source (Ge).
The illumination luminous flux (Fe) includes one or a plurality of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) In different directions.
The pupil (Q) for selecting an effective light component from the diffracted luminous flux (Fd) formed by diffracting the illumination luminous flux (Fe) by the broad definition hologram (H) is the broad definition hologram (H). It is set to the specified relative position with respect to
The output image (Dc) conjugate to the broad hologram (H) is formed by the luminous flux passing through the pupil (Fq) that has passed through the pupil (Q).
The relative relationship between the illumination luminous flux (Fe) and the pupil (Q) is defined so that the component of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) that is not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) is not mixed in the output image (Dc). Ori,
In the broadly defined hologram (H), hue pixels (Pxy) that are distributed in at least two dimensions within the colored region of the input image are set, and the hue imposed on each of the hue pixels (Pxy) is the hue pixel. The spatial alignment period and the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2,) as realized by the additive color mixing of the pupil passing light beam (Fq) originating from the hue pixel (Pxy) so that each (Pxy) is expressed. A diffractive lattice in which each component of the diffractive lattice having the periodic arrangement direction corresponding to the direction of (...) and the diffractive intensity is superimposed is formed on the entire hue pixel (Pxy).
The broadly defined hologram (H) is a spatial light modulator having two-dimensionally distributed modulation pixels and modulating the output intensity of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) for each modulation pixel.
The component of the illumination light source (Fe) that was not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) is located in the vicinity of the pupil outer periphery (Qc) on the plane conjugate with the pupil (Q), and the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...) A light source image (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Corresponding to each is formed, and for each of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...), the light source image (Eqj) is relative to the pupil outer circumference (Qc). The installation position is
Power density distribution of the light source image (EqjL) in which the light source image formed by the light of the component having the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) among the spectral components contained in the light source image (Eqj) is diffraction-deflected and appears. Depending on the diffraction grid of the hue pixel (Pxy) having a spatial alignment period under the condition that the center of gravity of the light source image (Eqj) coincides with the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil, it should be taken out by the pupil (Q). The distance from the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc) such that the light source image (EqjS) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the component having the shortest wavelength is generated at a position separated from the pupil (Q). It is characterized in that it is an installation position having.

The color image display device of the second invention of the present invention is a color image display device for displaying a colored output image (Dc) using the light of a light source (Ge) having a continuous spectrum.
With the light source (Ge)
A broad hologram (H) which is an input image with respect to the output image (Dc) and
It has an illumination optical system (Oe) for illuminating the broadly defined hologram (H) with an illumination luminous flux (Fe) under specified conditions formed from light emitted from the light source (Ge).
The illumination luminous flux (Fe) includes one or a plurality of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) In different directions.
The pupil (Q) for selecting an effective light component from the diffracted luminous flux (Fd) formed by diffracting the illumination luminous flux (Fe) by the broad definition hologram (H) is the broad definition hologram (H). It is set to the specified relative position with respect to
The output image (Dc) conjugate to the broad hologram (H) is formed by the luminous flux passing through the pupil (Fq) that has passed through the pupil (Q).
The relative relationship between the illumination luminous flux (Fe) and the pupil (Q) is defined so that the component of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) that is not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) is not mixed in the output image (Dc). Ori,
In the broadly defined hologram (H), hue pixels (Pxy) that are distributed in at least two dimensions within the colored region of the input image are set, and the hue imposed on each of the hue pixels (Pxy) is the hue pixel. The spatial alignment period and the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2,) as realized by the additive color mixing of the pupil passing light beam (Fq) originating from the hue pixel (Pxy) so that each (Pxy) is expressed. A diffractive lattice in which each component of the diffractive lattice having the periodic arrangement direction corresponding to the direction of (...) and the diffractive intensity is superimposed is formed on the entire hue pixel (Pxy).
The broadly defined hologram (H) is a spatial light modulator having two-dimensionally distributed modulation pixels and modulating the output intensity of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) for each modulation pixel.
The component of the illumination light source (Fe) that was not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) is located in the vicinity of the pupil outer periphery (Qc) on the plane conjugate with the pupil (Q), and the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...) A light source image (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Corresponding to each is formed, and for each of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...), the light source image (Eqj) is relative to the pupil outer circumference (Qc). The installation position is
Of the spectral components included in the light source image (Eqj), the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is λL, the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is λS, and the broadly defined hologram (H). The light source image (Qc) of the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc), where d is the dimension of the light source image (Eqj) measured in the direction in which the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Are deflected by the diffraction grid drawn above. The individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1, Fe2) by the diffraction grid drawn on the broad-sense hologram (H) from the portion facing the Eqj) to the portion facing the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil of the light source image (Eqj). The distance Δo measured in the direction in which (,…) is deflected is the following equation Δo ≧ (d / 2) / (λL / λS − 1).
It is characterized by being an installation position that satisfies the above conditions.

In the color image display device of the third invention of the present invention, the broad-sense hologram (H) is modulated by rotating the polarization direction of the illumination light beam (Fe) for each modulation pixel around the traveling direction of light. It is characterized by being a type of spatial light modulator.

The color image display device of the fourth invention of the present invention is a luminous flux generated from a part or all of the light from the light source (Ge), and is separated into two component lights having different polarization directions by a polarization beam splitter. The polarization directions of the two luminous fluxes generated from the two luminous fluxes are adjusted so that the polarization directions of both of the two luminous fluxes are suitable for the illumination of the spatial light modulator which is the broadly defined hologram (H). It is characterized in that the illumination luminous flux (Fe) includes a twin luminous flux which is a pair of the two luminous fluxes having the same spectral band.

When the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Is generated, the color image display device of the fifth invention of the present invention has a polarization direction suitable for illumination of the spatial light modulator, which is the generation source of the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...). For a part or all of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, ...) whose polarization direction is adjusted, the focusing spots formed by each of the focused lights are arranged near the edge of the mirror surface for reflecting each of the focused lights. It is characterized in that the individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Are generated after the divergence sources generate divergent light fluxes (Ft1', Ft2', ...) That are close to each other and overlap each other in the distance. It is a thing.

The color image display device of the sixth invention of the present invention is a pair of the light source images formed by the twin luminous flux among the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Formed in the vicinity of the pupil periphery (Qc). Each of the twin light source images is on the opposite side of the pupil (Q), and both of the twin luminous fluxes are in the pupil (Q) due to one kind of component of the diffraction grating drawn on the hue pixel (Pxy). It is characterized in that it is formed at a position where it can pass through.

In the color image display device of the seventh invention of the present invention, the twin light source images are formed on opposite sides of the pupil (Q), but on the same side facing the pupil (Q). It is characterized by being formed in.

The color image display device of the eighth invention of the present invention has a plurality of individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) With different directions, and those having the twin light fluxes are in a relationship of the twin light fluxes with each other. Is regarded as one luminous flux by equating them with each other, and is characterized in that the main spectral bands of the individual luminous fluxes are different from each other.

In the color image display device of the ninth invention of the present invention, the plurality of individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) With different directions are related to each other in the twin light fluxes. Is regarded as one luminous flux by equating the above, and the individual luminous flux is a short wavelength side luminous flux composed of short wavelength side components obtained by dividing the light emitted from one said light source (Ge) by the spectral band. It is characterized in that it is a long wavelength side luminous flux composed of components on the long wavelength side.

In the color image display device of the tenth invention of the present invention, the hue pixels (Pxy) of the broad-sense hologram (H) have chromaticity coordinates defined by the hue imposed on the hue pixels on the chromaticity diagram. Hue corresponding to the coordinates of two points (a, b) in which a straight line (lxy) passing through the coordinate point (pxy) located in the above and parallel to the pure purple locus (Lp) intersects the spectral locus (Ls). It is characterized in that a diffraction lattice is formed in which components having a spatial alignment period and a direction are superposed so as to be realized by additive color mixing of two kinds of monochromatic light having.

In the color image display device of the eleventh invention of the present invention, when the pupil passing luminous flux (Fq) is incident, a conjugate image of the broad-sense hologram (H) is formed to form the output image (Dc). It is characterized by further having an imaging optical system (Of).

The color image display device of the twelfth invention of the present invention is characterized by further having an aperture aperture plate (Sq) having an aperture (Aq) for forming the pupil (Q).

In the color image display device of the thirteenth invention of the present invention, the illumination luminous flux (Fe) is a parallel luminous flux, and the pupil (Q) with respect to the diffracted luminous flux (Fd) diffracted by the broadly defined hologram (H) is infinite. It is characterized by being far away.

In the color image display device of the fourteenth invention of the present invention, the illumination light beam (Fe) includes two types of individual illumination light beams having different directions, and in the broad definition hologram (H), the modulation pixels are vertically and horizontally. It is a spatial light modulator arranged at equal pitches in the two directions of the above, and the diffraction grating formed in the broadly defined hologram (H) is composed of two components, and the periodic arrangement directions of the respective components of the diffraction grating are orthogonal to each other. The angle formed by the periodic arrangement direction of each component of the diffraction grating and the modulation pixel arrangement direction of the spatial light modulator is 45 degrees.

In the color image display device of the fifteenth invention of the present invention, the boundary between the hue pixel (Pxy) and the adjacent hue pixel has a shape that matches the pattern of the image to be displayed as the output image (Dc). It is characterized by being set.

The color image display device of the 16th invention of the present invention is colored by forming a diffraction grating in which each component of the diffraction grating is superimposed on the hue pixel (Pxy) of the broad hologram (H). Instead of realizing mixing, a plurality of the broad definition holograms (H) are provided, each component of the diffraction grating is formed in each of the broad definition holograms (H), and the illumination light beam (Fe) is generated. It is characterized in that color mixing is realized by superimposing a diffraction grating (Fd) formed by being diffracted by each of the broadly defined holograms (H).

In the color image display device of the seventeenth invention of the present invention, the pupil is divided into a plurality of partial pupils, and a light source image (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Is formed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of each partial pupil. It is characterized by.

The color image display device of the eighteenth invention of the present invention is a discharge lamp in which the light source (Ge) forms a discharge plasma and emits light, and a concave reflector arranged so that the position of the center of curvature coincides with the discharge plasma. (Ms) and a collimator lens (Lc) arranged so as to face the concave reflector (Ms) with the discharge plasma in between and the position of the focal point coincides with the discharge plasma. To do.

In the color image display device of the nineteenth invention of the present invention, a plurality of sets including the concave reflector (Ms) and the collimator lens (Lc) are arranged for one of the light sources (Ge). It is characterized by.

However, regarding the additive color mixing, for example, there are two types of light, and the mixing ratio of the first light and the second light is set to, for example, 1: 0, and even when only one light is substantially included. In a broad sense, it is called additive color mixing.
The same applies to the additive color mixing of three or more types of light.

Since a light source having a continuous spectrum and a diffraction grid are used, in a color image display device, in a technique of expressing hue by color mixing or decoloring of three primary colors, no matter how large the triangle formed by the three primary colors is, Since it is impossible to cover the effective area of the chromaticity diagram that has a curve around it, it is possible to display an arbitrary color image defined by an electric signal that solves the problem that there are hues that cannot be expressed. Color image display device can be provided.

A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown. A schematic diagram showing a simplified configuration related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention is shown.

In the description of the present invention, the term conjugate is a general term in the field of geometrical optics, for example, when A and B are conjugate, a lens or the like having an imaging function at least based on paraxial theory. It means that A is imaged on B or B is imaged on A by the action of the optical element.
Here, the lens is defined as the refractive medium or refractive index before and after the interface between a flat surface and a spherical surface (including an aspherical surface), and the lens or the like has the interface as a reflecting surface in addition to the lens. Mirrors defined as objects are also included, and mirrors with any number of lenses and mirror combinations are also included.
At this time, A and B are images, and it goes without saying that isolated point images are included as targets, and a set consisting of a plurality of point images and an expansive image in which point images are continuously distributed are also targeted. include.
As a self-evident special situation, when a lens or the like is not included at all (when the lens is one interface where the front and rear refraction media are air), the image conjugated with A is A itself.

Here, a point image or an image point (that is, an image) is a general term in the field of geometrical optics, in which light is actually emitted from that point, and light converges toward that point to move the screen. When placed, a bright point appears, light appears to converge toward that point (but that point is inside the optical system and the screen cannot be placed), and light is radiated from that point. It includes and does not distinguish between those that appear to be (but that point is inside the optical system and the screen cannot be placed).

Taking a general camera lens as an example, the aperture diaphragm usually exists inside the lens, but when the lens is viewed from the side where light enters, the image of the aperture diaphragm seen through the lens is the exit pupil and the side where light is emitted. When you look at the lens from, the image of the aperture diaphragm that you can see through the lens is called the exit pupil, the ray that goes toward the center of the exit pupil, or that comes out of the center of the exit pupil (usually the meridional ray) is called the main ray.
In a broad sense, rays other than the main ray are called peripheral rays.
Normally, the central ray of the directional distribution of light in the emitted light beam from the radiation point is the main ray, and the incident pupil is at the position where the main ray or its extension line incident on the optical system intersects the optical axis, and is emitted from the optical system. It is considered that the exit pupil is at the position where the main ray or its extension line intersects the optical axis.
However, strictly speaking, it is possible that the main ray and the optical axis defined in this way do not intersect due to, for example, an adjustment error, and are merely in a twisted position.
However, since such a phenomenon is irrelevant to the essence and is barren to discuss, in the following, it is considered that such a phenomenon does not occur, or the main ray and the optical axis are closest to each other. We will consider it to intersect at the position.

Here, when attention is paid to two adjacent partial optical systems A and B in the optical system and B is adjacent immediately after A, (the output image of A becomes the input image of B). The exit pupil of A is the entrance pupil of B, and the entrance pupil and exit pupil of the partial optical system defined arbitrarily in the optical system are all images of it (if there is an opening aperture). All should be conjugate (even if they do not exist), so unless there is a particular need to distinguish between them, the entrance pupil and exit pupil are simply called pupils.
The plane on which the pupil exists (usually the plane perpendicular to the optical axis) is called the pupil plane.
Further, the pupil may not be a simple circle having a center on the optical axis, or the main ray may not actually exist because, for example, a light-shielding object exists in a portion of the pupil surface through which the optical axis passes. Especially in the latter case, the main ray is virtual.
It should be noted that the optical system in such a situation has been common for a long time, for example, the Cassegrain optical system.

In the description and drawings of the present invention, the spatial coordinate system of the optical system is referred to as u, v, w and the optical axis is referred to as the w axis. However, if the optical axis is bent by the reflector, the original The direction in which light rays along the w-axis are reflected and travel is also called the w-axis, and no new coordinate axis is taken.

First, a mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of the color image display device of the present invention.
Further, as a color image to be displayed, a case where a chromaticity icon image is taken as described above and displayed is described as an example.
However, the twelfth invention will be described first so that the explanation can be easily understood. At that time, the specific structure of the illumination optical system (Oe) will be the one for the fourth invention.

The color image display device has a broad hologram (H) in which an input image is formed and includes a spatial light modulator described with respect to the approach described above.
However, the exemplary spatial light modulator is of a modulation type such as a liquid crystal element such as an LCOS or LCD, which outputs the polarization direction of the illumination light beam (Fe) for each modulation pixel by rotating it around the traveling direction of light. Although it is a polarization-manipulated modulator, for the time being, the spatial light modulator is assumed to be a transmissive LCD so that the drawings for explanation are simple and easy to understand. H) refers to a spatial light modulator in which the previous polarizer (Up) and the subsequent detector (Ua) are incorporated.
In the realization of this color image display device, when LCOS is used as the spatial light modulator, it may be configured as described above with reference to FIG. 36 (a).

In the present case, since the broad-sense hologram (H) is supposed to display a chromaticity diagram, the input image (Pd) shown in FIG. 7, which corresponds to the chromaticity diagram of FIG. 34 as a graphic, is used. It is drawn as an image.
Here, since the broad-sense hologram (H) is a spatial light modulator, “drawing” refers to data setting in the modulated pixels, and the same applies hereinafter.
However, a diffraction grating composed of the modulation pixels of the spatial light modulator is drawn in the portion of the input image (Pd) corresponding to the colored region (Ci), and colors appear thereby.
At that time, a diffraction grating having a large amplitude (dark) is drawn in the light-colored colored region so that strong diffraction occurs, and a diffraction grating having a small amplitude (light) is drawn in the dark-colored region so that weak diffraction occurs. It is drawn.
Supplementally, the above-mentioned "colored region of the input image" refers to a region in the conjugate input image (Pd) corresponding to the colored region in the output image (Dc), and needless to say, for example, a dye or ink. It does not mean that it is colored with ink.

As described in FIG. 1, the broadly defined hologram (H) is illuminated by the illumination luminous flux (Fe) output from the illumination optical system (Oe).
Behind the broadly defined hologram (H), an aperture aperture plate (Sq) having an aperture (Aq) is provided, and the aperture (Aq) serves as the (entrance) pupil (Q) of the subsequent optical system. Function.
Therefore, of the diffracted luminous flux (Fd), which is a collection of light diffracted at each location on the broad-sense hologram (H), only the pupil-passing luminous flux (Fq) that has passed through the aperture (Aq) is imaged behind. It is incident on the optical system (Of) and contributes to the imaging of the output image (Dc) as a real image on the imaging plane (Sf) further behind.
However, it is assumed that the aperture (Aq) and the imaging optical system (Of) have a structure that is axially symmetric with respect to the optical axis (w), and among the illumination light beams (Fe). The form of the illumination light beam (Fe) and the positional relationship between the broad hologram (H) and the aperture (Aq) are determined so that the component not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) does not pass through the aperture (Aq). There is a need.

Supplementally, the above-mentioned "non-diffracted component" is called 0th-order diffracted light in diffraction optics and holography technology, and the illumination light beam (Fe) is transmitted through the broad-sense hologram (H). It refers to a component (when the broad-sense hologram is a transmission type) or a component which is positively reflected by the broad-sense hologram (H) (when the broad-sense hologram is a reflection type). (That is, the 0th-order diffracted light is also shown collectively as the diffracted luminous flux (Fd).)

The image plane (Sf) on which a real image conjugated with the broad hologram (H) is formed by the image formation optical system (Of) functioning as a projection lens may be a diffuse reflection screen or the image plane. (Sf) may be a diffuse transmission screen for observing the output image (Dc) from behind.
Further, as will be described later, the output image (Dc) may be a virtual image and the image plane (Sf) may be a virtual surface.
In FIG. 1, for simplification, only the aperture aperture plate (Sq) and the imaging optical system (Of) are drawn as cross-sectional views.

Next, the configuration of the illumination optical system (Oe) will be described with reference to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention.
A light source luminous flux (Fg) emitted from an unpolarized light source (Ge) having a continuous spectrum, which is generally assumed to be a point light source, is converted into a collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) by a collimator lens (Lc) and is a wide-band polarized beam. It is incident on the splitter (Bp).
The polarization beam splitter (Bp) transmits the incident collimated light source light beam (Fc) to a P polarization component, that is, a parallel polarization light (Fp) in which a component parallel to the paper surface is transmitted, and an S polarization component, that is, perpendicular to the paper surface. The component is separated into reflected vertically polarized light (Fs).
The separated parallel polarized light (Fp) and the vertically polarized light (Fs) are reflected by mirrors (M1 and M2), respectively, and each light flux is focused by using a condenser lens (Lt1, Lt2). Convert to (Ft1, Ft2).

The focusing spot of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2), that is, the light source (Ge) is located near the ridgeline formed by the two reflecting surfaces forming substantially right angles of the triangular pillar mirror (Mt2), that is, at the edge of the two reflecting surfaces. The focused light (Ft1, Ft2) is reflected by the triangular pillar mirror (Mt2) so as to form a conjugate light source image on each of the point light sources, so that the divergent sources are close to each other and overlap each other in the distance. A divergent light source (Ft1', Ft2') with adjacent axes is formed.
By collectively incident these divergent light sources (Ft1', Ft2') on the light flux conversion lens (Le), in the example of this figure, the two divergent light sources are gently focused and separated in a direction parallel to the paper surface at the propagation destination. The illumination luminous flux (Fe) composed of two individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2) forming a coupled light source image on a spot, that is, a point light source of the light source (Ge) is output from the illumination optical system (Oe). To.

However, the individual illumination luminous flux (Lt1, Lt2) is provided with a wideband 1/2 wavelength plate (Rt1, Rt2) in front of the condenser lens (Lt1, Lt2), and the installation angle around the axis is appropriately set. Both the polarization directions of Fe1 and Fe2) can be matched with the direction required by the broadly defined hologram (H).
Depending on the relative relationship when the optical system of this figure is incorporated into the color image display device of FIG. 1, one of the 1/2 wavelength plates (Rt1, Rt2) may not be required.

If the central axis of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2) is on a straight line and the angle formed by the two reflecting surfaces of the triangular prism mirror (Mt2) is 90 degrees, the divergent light beam (Ft1', Ft2'). ) Are parallel, but the angle formed by these central axes can be arbitrarily set by changing the angle formed by the two reflecting surfaces of the triangular prism mirror (Mt2) in addition to the parallel axis.
Further, in the example of the figure, the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2) is gently focused, but the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2) can be changed by changing the focal distance or the installation position of the luminous flux conversion lens (Le). Fe2) can be a parallel light flux having different directions, or a divergent light flux that appears to be emitted from two different points.
Further, the angle formed by the two reflecting surfaces of the triangular pillar mirror (Mt2) is removed from the right angle, and the axial position of each of the condenser lenses (Lt1 and Lt2) and the axial position of the luminous flux conversion lens (Le). By adjusting, the separation distance between the two spots formed by the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2) can be adjusted.

It should be noted here that, despite the fact that the fly-eye integrator cannot be used as described above, in the illumination optical system (Oe) of this figure, all of the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) is polarized perpendicular to the paper surface. The point is that the individual illumination light flux (Fe1, Fe2) composed of only the components is converted and output, and the light of the polarization component parallel to the paper surface can be effectively used without being discarded.
Two luminous fluxes generated from both luminous fluxes separated into two components of light having different polarization directions by a polarization beam splitter, and the polarization directions of both of the two luminous fluxes are the spatial light as the broadly defined hologram (H). The pair of two luminous fluxes whose polarization directions are adjusted to be suitable for the illumination of the modulator and have the same spectral band are referred to as twin luminous fluxes in the present specification, but a plurality of individual illuminations required. One of the features of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of light utilization by including a twin luminous flux in order to realize a luminous flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...).

Assuming that the polarization direction of the illumination light flux (Fe) composed of the individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1 and Fe2) is set in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 2, the polarization direction is the broadly defined hologram in FIG. It shall be arranged so as to roughly coincide with the direction of the v-axis taken in (H).
Therefore, the polarizer (Up) incorporated in the broad hologram (H) is configured to transmit the component in the v-axis direction, and the analyzer (Ua) is configured to block the transmission of the component in the v-axis direction.

Now, assuming that each modulated pixel is controlled so that the light transmittance of all the modulated pixels of the broad-sense hologram (H) is uniform, the individual illumination light source (the individual illumination light source) transmitted through the broad-sense hologram (H) at this time is passed through. The two spots formed by Fe1, Fe2), that is, the light source images (Eq1, Eq2) conjugated to the point light source of the light source (Ge) are formed on the holographic plate (Sq). The position of the aperture aperture plate (Sq) in the optical axis direction is set.
Then, by tilting the optical axis (W) of the illumination optical system of FIG. 2 with respect to the optical axis (w) of FIG. 1, the pupil (Q) and its surroundings as seen from the broad hologram (H). In the broad sense of the illumination light source (Fe), as shown in FIG. 4, which is a schematic view showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, that is, the state of the pupil surface (Pq). The optical system is configured so that the components not diffracted by the hologram (H) form a light source image (Eq1, Eq2) in the vicinity of the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil outside the pupil (Q).

In the present case, the pupil surface (Pq) corresponds to the aperture aperture plate (Sq) (including the aperture (Aq)), and the pupil (Q) corresponds to the aperture (Aq). ..
The reason is that there is no lens between the broad hologram (H) and the aperture aperture plate (Sq), so that the aperture becomes a pupil.
Incidentally, the position of the light source image (Eq1) is also drawn in FIG.
Here, the light source images (Eq1 and Eq2) are arranged so as to come to a position of ± 45 degrees from the v-axis as seen from the center of the pupil (Q).
The pair of light source images formed by the twin light fluxes is referred to as a twin light source image in the present specification, but the individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe2) forming the light source images (Eq1, Eq2) are twin light fluxes. Therefore, the light source images (Eq1 and Eq2) are twin light source images.

Then, in the broadly defined hologram (H), the diffracted component of the individual illumination light beam (Fe1) is in the direction of the one-point chain line (Dq1) from the light source image (Eq1) toward the center of the pupil (Q). The diffraction grating in the direction of deflection and the diffracted component of the individual illumination light beam (Fe2) are deflected in the direction of the one-point chain line (Dq2) from the light source image (Eq2) toward the center of the pupil (Q). It is configured to draw two-component interference fringes with a diffraction grating in one direction.

The reason why such a configuration is advantageous will be described below.
The finer the spatial alignment period (that is, the pitch of the periodic alignment) of the diffraction grating formed on the broadly defined hologram (H), the more sophisticated the technique required for the formation.
In particular, when the broad-sense hologram (H) is a spatial light modulator, the restrictions are strict.
Therefore, it is advantageous to devise the structure of the optical system so that the spatial alignment period of the diffraction grating formed on the broad-sense hologram (H) becomes as coarse as possible. For that purpose, the broad-sense hologram (H) A condition in which the angle formed by the light beam when the light beam of the illumination hologram (Fe) incident on a certain location is diffracted toward the pupil (Q) and the light ray when not diffracted is as small as possible. It turns out that it should be done.
Then, when the condition is satisfied, the state of the pupil surface (Pq) seen from the broad-sense hologram (H) corresponds to FIG.

However, it is not a good idea to set the position of the light source image (Eq1, Eq2) as close as possible to the outer circumference (Qc) of the pupil.
The policy may be applied to the component near the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q), but a problem arises in the policy regarding the wavelength component near the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q).
The reason is that, if, for example, the outer periphery of the light source image (Eq1) is arranged so as to be in contact with the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil according to the policy, the wavelength near the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) The wavelength component of the above is extracted from the pupil (Q) by deflecting the individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe2) by the diffraction grating of the broadly defined hologram (H) having a spatial alignment period such that only a slight deflection occurs. However, in this case, since the spectral dispersion action of the diffraction grating is small, the wavelength components in a wide range are not sufficiently separated in the light source image formed by diffracting the light source images (Eq1 and Eq2). This is because they overlap, and it becomes difficult to extract a specific spectral component from the pupil (Q) with the required sharpness.

This will be described with reference to FIG. 5, which is a schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention.
In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to arrange the light source image (Eq1, Eq2) away from the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc), but one of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2) Focusing on a certain light source image (Eqj), the relative installation position of the light source image (Eqj) with respect to the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil is the position of the pupil (Q) among the spectral components included in the light source image (Eqj). The center of gravity of the power density distribution of the light source image (EqjL) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the component having the longest wavelength to be extracted by), that is, the center of the light source image (Eqj) side of the pupil The light source image formed by the light of the shortest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is diffracted by the diffraction lattice of the hue pixel (Pxy) having the spatial alignment period of the condition matching (Qc). It is advantageous to set the installation position at a distance from the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc) so that the light source image (EqjS) appearing in a deflected manner is generated at a position separated from the pupil (Q).
For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed here that the light source image (Eqj), the light source image (EqjL), and the light source image (EqjS) are circular and have a uniform power density distribution as shown in FIG. , The center of gravity of the power density distribution of the light source image (EqjL) is simply paraphrased as the center.

In order to explain this in an easy-to-understand manner, it is assumed that the spatial alignment period of the diffraction grating of the broad-sense hologram (H) is extremely coarse (for example, infinity) at first, and it is gradually changed toward a fine state. Imagine a situation to go. (Needless to say, it is a fictitious assumption for facilitating understanding that the spatial alignment period is gradually changed from a coarse state to a fine state, and in the actual color image display device of the present invention, the above-mentioned It does not mean that the spatial alignment period of the diffraction grating of the broad hologram (H) is gradually changed.)
Now, the light source image (EqjL) in which the light source image formed by the light of the longest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is diffracted and appears, and the shortest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q). If attention is paid to the light source image (EqjS) in which the light source image formed by light is diffraction-deflected, the light source image (EqjL) is described as the spatial arrangement period of the diffraction lattice of the broad-sense hologram (H) is made finer. ) And the light source image (EqjS) are separated from the light source image (Eqj) and move toward the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc), but the moving speed is toward the light source image (EqjL). Is faster than the light source image (EqjS).

When the spatial alignment period of the diffraction grating is continued to be finely divided, the outer peripheral portion of the light source image (EqjL) eventually reaches the pupil outer circumference (Qc), and when it is continued further, the center of the light source image (EqjL) becomes the center. The state coincides with the outer circumference (Qc) of the pupil on the side of the light source image (Eqj).
The position of the light source image (EqjS) at this time is important, and the light source image (EqjS) is at a position separated from the outer circumference (Qc) of the pupil, that is, a position separated from the pupil (Q). Although it is an advantageous condition, whether or not this is the case depends on the installation position of the first light source image (Eqj) relative to the pupil circumference (Qc), and this installation position is the pupil circumference (Qc). ), It doesn't happen.
Therefore, it is advantageous to set this installation position at a distance from the outer circumference (Qc) of the pupil so that the above-mentioned advantageous conditions can be realized.

The just mentioned will be discussed quantitatively below.
This figure shows the state of the pupil surface (Pq). In this case, the pupil surface (Pq) is perpendicular to the optical axis (w) (hence, the pupil surface (Pq) and the broad hologram (H). Is provided in parallel), the light source image (Eqj) is any of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2), and the position along any of the corresponding directions (Dq1, Dq2) is the coordinate axis (D). ).
It is said that the axis of the individual illumination light flux forming the light source image (Eqj) exists in a plane defined by the optical axis (w) and the axis (D), and forms an angle ψ with the optical axis (w). However, the value of ψ is negative here.

Now, for the sake of simplicity, a single diffraction grating having one spatial alignment period and one periodic alignment direction as a whole is drawn only in a specific region having a circular or square shape on the broad hologram (H). If so, the dimension of the specific region is such that the influence of the diffraction spread due to the dimension on the pupil surface (Pq) is negligible with respect to the size of the light source image (Eqj), and as long as it is It is assumed that it is as small as possible. (The reason for avoiding being too large is that in the case of the form of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) in which the incident direction of light at each point of the broad hologram (H) is not uniform, if it is too large, the specific region This is because one light source image (EqjL) and one light source image (EqjS), which will be described later, cannot be jointly formed due to the difference in diffraction conditions between one end and the other end. .)
Then, in the spatial alignment period, the center of the light source image (EqjL) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the longest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is the light source image (Eqj). Assuming that the spatial alignment period ρ is such that it coincides with the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil on the side, the axis of the diffracted luminous flux forming the light source image (EqjL) at that time forms an angle φ with the optical axis (w). Suppose you are.

When the spatial alignment period of the diffraction grating is ρ and attention is paid to the component of the wavelength λ, the relationship between the angle ψ of the incident light beam and the angle φ of the diffraction light beam with reference to the normal line of the diffraction grating (φ described above). ， Ψ conforms to the relationship) is generally the following equation
sinφ = λ / ρ + sinψ
It is expressed as. (Reference 1: Jiro Koyama and Hiroshi Nishihara "Lightwave Electronics", first edition published on May 15, 1978, Corona Publishing (5.41))
However, for the sake of simplicity, the following equation (Equation 3) approximated assuming that the angles φ and ψ are small
φ = λ / ρ + ψ
Is used.

The relationship between the angle φ of the diffracted light and the coordinate D when it reaches the pupil plane (Pq) is the following equation (Equation 4), where k is a coefficient that depends on the structure of the optical system.
D = k · φ
Therefore, if the above equation 3 is used, the coordinate D can be expressed by the following equation (Equation 5) by the angle ψ of the incident luminous flux, the wavelength λ, and the spatial alignment period ρ of the diffraction grating.
D = k · (λ / ρ + ψ)
Can be calculated by.
Since the light source image (Eqj) is a light source image created by a component not diffracted by the broad hologram (H), the coordinate Do at the center position corresponds to the angle ψ of the incident luminous flux by the following equation. (Equation 6)
Do = k · ψ
It can be expressed as.
Here, if the wavelength corresponding to the light source image (EqjL) (for example, 700 nm described later) is written as λL and the radius of the pupil (Q) is written as R, the longest length to be extracted by the pupil (Q) described above is written. The condition that the center of the light source image (EqjL) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the wavelength component coincides with the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil on the side of the light source image (Eqj) is the light source image. For the coordinate DL of the center of (EqjL), the following formula DL = k · (λL / ρ + ψ) = −R
It can be said that is a condition that holds.
The negative number (-) in parentheses after the variable name in FIG. 5 indicates that the value of the quantity represented by the variable is negative.
From this, the spatial alignment period ρ (reciprocal of) of the diffraction grating at this time depends on other quantities in the following equation (Equation 7).
1 / ρ = − (ψ + R / k) / λL
It can be expressed as.

On the other hand, for the same spatial alignment period ρ of the diffraction grating, the coordinate DS of the center of the light source image (EqjS) in which the light source image formed by the light of the shortest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is diffracted and deflected If the corresponding wavelength (for example, 400 nm, which will be described later) is written as λS, the following equation DS = k · (λS / ρ + ψ) using the above equation 5.
However, if the above equation 7 is applied, the following equation DS = k · ψ · (1 − λS / λL) − R · λS / λL
become that way.
From this, when the deviation JS from the outer circumference (Qc) of the pupil to the center of the light source image (EqjS) is obtained, the following equation (Equation 8) is obtained using the above equation 6.
JS = DS + R
= (1 − λS / λL) ・ (k ・ ψ + R)
= (1 − λS / λL) ・ (Do + R)
To get.
The dependence (differential coefficient) of this amount on the coordinate Do of the light source image (Eqj) is calculated by the following equation δJS / δDo = 1 − λS / λL.
However, if the absolute value of the angle ψ of the incident luminous flux is increased and the absolute value of the coordinate Do of the light source image (Eqj) is increased, the light source image (EqjL) and the light source image (EqjS) can be written. The absolute value of the deviation JS at the center position of) also increases monotonically.

That is, when the position of the light source image (Eqj) is very close to the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc) and the absolute value of the coordinate Do is small, the deviation between the center position of the light source image (EqjL) and the light source image (EqjS). Since JS is also very small and the light source image (EqjL) and the light source image (EqjS) almost overlap, as described above, a specific spectral component is extracted from the pupil (Q) with the required sharpness. Becomes difficult.

As can be seen from the quantitative consideration described above, the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) by appropriately adjusting the coordinate Do of the light source image (Eqj) (by adjusting the angle ψ of the incident light beam). The center of the light source image (EqjL) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the component of the above has a spatial alignment period ρ that coincides with the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil on the side of the light source image (Eqj). The light source reaches the center position of the light source image (EqjS) in which the light source image formed by the light of the component having the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is diffracted and deflected by the diffraction lattice of the broad hologram (H). Since the distance from the center position of the image (EqjL) (which corresponds to the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc)) is adjustable, the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc) and the light source on the opposite side of the light source image (Eqj). The relative position of the image (EqjS) with respect to the outer peripheral portion (EqjSc) can be adjusted, and therefore the light source image (EqjS) occurs at a position separated from the pupil (Q), that is, with the light source image (EqjS). It can be adjusted so that the pupil (Q) does not overlap.

Here, the installation position of the light source image (Eqj) relative to the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc) is the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) among the spectral components included in the light source image (Eqj). The hue having a spatial alignment period under the condition that the center of the light source image (EqjL) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the component coincides with the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil on the side of the light source image (Eqj). Depending on the diffraction lattice of the pixel (Pxy), the light source image (EqjS) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the shortest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is the pupil (Q). ), The reason for setting the installation position to have a distance from the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil will be described.

The larger the absolute value of the angle ψ and the larger the absolute value of the coordinate Do of the light source image (Eqj), the more the separation between the light source image (EqjS) and the pupil (Q), that is, from the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc). Since the separation distance Δs to the outer peripheral portion (EqjSc) is large, the spectral width of the light extracted from the pupil (Q) is narrowed in the entire spectral band from the wavelength λS to λL, and the spectral purity of the expressed color is narrowed. However, for that purpose, the spatial alignment period ρ of the diffraction grating of the broad-sense hologram (H) becomes fine, and it becomes difficult to realize it by the spatial light modulator.
On the other hand, if the space alignment period ρ becomes fine and the absolute value of the angle ψ is made small and the absolute value of the coordinate Do becomes too small, the light source image (EqjS) and the pupil (Q) become Since the separation is insufficient, the spectral width of the light extracted from the pupil (Q) is widened, and the spectral purity of the expressed color is lowered.

If the finest spatial alignment period achievable by the spatial light modulator used is assigned as the spatial alignment period ρ for expressing the color of λS, which is the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q), The spatial alignment period for expressing the color of λL, which is the longest wavelength to be extracted, is also roughly determined by the pupil (Q).
The reason for adding "generally" here is that the light source image (EqjS) having a wavelength of λS overlaps with the pupil (Q) in order to extract light of a target wavelength from the pupil (Q), or the wavelength λL. This is because there is a degree of freedom in design as to how much the overlap between the light source image (EqjL) and the pupil (Q) is provided.
Originally, when it is desired to extract light having a wavelength of λS, the center of the pupil (Q) and the center of the light source image (EqjS) are aligned by diffraction with a diffraction grating of hue pixels having a spatial alignment period corresponding to the light. When it is desired to extract light having a wavelength of λL, the center of the pupil (Q) and the center of the light source image (EqjL) are aligned by diffraction with a diffraction grating of hue pixels having a corresponding spatial alignment period. In each case, it is desirable to extract light of the target wavelength from the pupil (Q) by providing 100% overlap, but it is limited to the minimum value of the spatial alignment period ρ that can be realized by the spatial optical modulator. Therefore, it may be necessary to make a compromise by providing an overlap (for example, 50%) far less than 100% without aligning the centers.

Now, FIG. 5 is seen as a state in which light is extracted from the light source image (EqjL) composed of λL, which is the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) under such a compromise (the light source image). If 50% of the diameter of (EqjL) overlaps with the pupil (Q)), then the light source image (EqjS) consisting of λS, which is the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) at this time. Should be completely separated from the pupil (Q).
It is not completely separated, and if the separation distance Δs is negative, all colors from wavelengths λS to λL pass through the pupil (Q) and mix with a certain blending ratio distribution. This is because it is far from the state in which a specific color is expressed.

In order to realize the state in which the light source image (EqjS) occurs at a position separated from the pupil (Q), the coordinates of the light source image (Eqj) and the light source image (Eqj) The relationship with the diameter of the light source image (Eqj) is important, and if the diameter of the light source image (Eqj) is too large, it is impossible to realize a state in which the light source image (EqjS) is generated at a position separated from the pupil (Q). Become.
In that case, as will be described later, a pinhole plate (Sp) as shown in FIG. 29 is used to limit the area of the condensing spot portion (Is) that is effectively used, and the light source image (Eqj). By limiting the diameter of the light source image (EqjS) to an appropriate range, it is possible to realize a state in which the light source image (EqjS) is generated at a position separated from the pupil (Q). As the diameter is reduced, the efficiency of light utilization decreases.

The minimum condition for the light source image (EqjS) to occur at a position separated from the pupil (Q) is a state in which the light source image (EqjS) and the pupil (Q) do not overlap, that is, separation. Considering the case where the distance Δs is zero, if this is set as a large positive value and, for example, the light source image (EqjS) is generated at a position separated from the light source image (EqjL), the pupil ( The spectral width of the light extracted from Q) is further narrowed, and the spectral purity of the expressed color is further improved.
However, in order to realize this, it is necessary to further strengthen the limitation of the diameter of the light source image (Eqj), and the light utilization efficiency is further lowered.
Therefore, it can be seen that there is a trade-off relationship between the spectral purity of the expressed color and the efficiency of light utilization.
On the flip side, increasing the separation distance Δs (positive) to improve the spectral purity of the colors expressed is such that (at the expense of efficiency) the light source image (Eqj) is feasible. ) Has the same technical significance as reducing the diameter.

The state in which the light source image (EqjS) described so far occurs at a position separated from the pupil (Q), that is, the following equation (Equation 9).
Δs ≧ 0
The condition of the positional relationship between the light source image (Eqj) and the outer circumference of the pupil (Qc) in order to realize the above can be changed to a mathematical expression relatively easily.
For the sake of simplicity, the radii of the light source image (Eqj), the light source image (EqjL), and the light source image (EqjS) are all the same, and if this is written as r, the separation distance Δs uses JS of the above equation 8. The following equation (Equation 10)
Δs ＝ ｜ JS ｜ − r ＝ − JS − r
= − (1 − λS / λL) ・ (Do + R) − r
It is represented by. However, what is enclosed in the symbol | represents the absolute value of the enclosed amount.
On the other hand, from FIG. 5, the deviation Jo from the outer circumference (Qc) of the pupil to the center of the light source image (Eqj) is calculated by the following equation Jo = Do + R.
With respect to the separation distance Δo from the outer circumference of the pupil (Qc) to the outer circumference (Eqjc) of the light source image (Eqj), the following equation Δo = | Jo | − r = − Jo − r
= − (Do + R) − r
That is, Do + R = − (Δo + r)
Therefore, if this is applied to the above equation 10, the following equation Δs = (1 − λS / λL) · (Δo + r) − r
To get.
If this is applied to the above equation 9, the following equation
(1 − λS / λL) ・ (Δo + r) ≧ r
Since it is expressed as, if this is arranged, the following equation (Equation 11) will end up.
Δo ≧ r / (λL / λS − 1)
To get.

That is, by setting the installation position of the light source image (Eqj) relative to the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc) so as to satisfy the above equation 11, the light source image (Eqj) as described above can be obtained. The center of the light source image (EqjL) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the longest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q) of the contained spectral components is on the side of the light source image (Eqj). Depending on the diffraction lattice of the hue pixel (Pxy) having a spatial alignment period of the condition corresponding to the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil, the light of the component having the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is formed. The light source image (EqjS) that appears when the light source image is diffraction-deflected can be generated at a position separated from the pupil (Q).

By the way, in FIG. 5, as the light source image (Eqj), the light source image (EqjL), and the light source image (EqjS), those exhibiting a circular shape, which is a typical shape, are drawn, but this is for simplicity. In fact, in the discussion using the above equations 3 to 11, only the amount in the direction of the axis (D) is mentioned, and therefore, there is no reason to limit these light source images to a circle. For example, it may be oval, rectangular, or other shape.
At this time, r, which is the radius of these light source images, may be interpreted as half the dimension of these light source images in the direction of the axis (D).
Therefore, the light source image (Eqj) measured in the direction of the axis (D), which is the direction in which the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Are deflected by the diffraction grating drawn on the broadly defined hologram (H). The dimension is written as d, and the above-mentioned equation 11 is expressed by the following equation (formula 12).
Δo ≧ (d / 2) / (λL / λS − 1)
It can be expressed as.

Further, in the light source image such as the light source image (Eqj), even if they have a circular shape, a rectangular shape, or another shape, the boundary between the inside and the outside of the shape is not completely clear, for example, the shape of the light source image. It usually has a power density distribution with a base that has a peak of brightness near the center and decreases in brightness as the distance from the peak increases.
Therefore, in order to determine the dimension d of the light source image (Eqj), it is necessary to determine to what extent the power density portion at the base of the power density distribution is regarded as the region of the light source image. It is appropriate to set a region having a power density of 1% or more of the peak as the region of the light source image by referring to an index often used when referring to specifications such as the extinction ratio of an optical element or an optical element.

Supplementally, the relationship between the angle φ of the diffracted light and the coordinate D when it reaches the pupil plane (Pq) is expressed by the above equation 4, and the coefficients depending on the structure of the optical system are aggregated into k. However, after Equation 8 above, the coefficient k was eliminated, and the conclusions became independent of k.
Therefore, the discussion using the above equations 3 to 11 holds regardless of whether or not a lens exists between the broadly defined hologram (H) and the pupil surface (Pq).

Since the two light source images (Eq1 and Eq2) appearing on the pupil surface (Pq) of FIG. 4 described above had the same wavelength band of hue expression, the light source image (Eq1) was generated by the pupil (Q). ) And the longest wavelength λL to be extracted from the light source image (Eq2) are the same, and the shortest wavelength λS to be extracted from the light source image (Eq1) and the shortest wavelength λS to be extracted from the light source image (Eq2). Since it is the same as the shortest wavelength λS that should be, the installation positions of the light source image (Eq1) and the light source image (Eq2) are based on the same set of λL and λS values, and the above-mentioned advantageous conditions are satisfied. You just have to decide to do it.
In addition to this, when there are a plurality of light source images having the same wavelength band of hue expression, the respective installation positions are in this way regardless of the direction deflected by the diffraction grating of the broad hologram (H). You just have to decide.
The case where a plurality of light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Appearing on the pupil surface (Pq) have different wavelength bands for hue expression will be described with reference to FIG. 17 described later.

In FIG. 5, as the pupil (Q), a circular one having a radius R larger than the radius r of the light source image (Eqj) or the like is drawn, but the radius R is not included in the above equation 11. Therefore, it may be determined independently of the radius r, and it is not necessary to limit it to a circular shape as in the light source image (Eqj).
Therefore, the dimension of the pupil (Q) in the direction of the axis (D), that is, the direction in which the diffracted component of the individual illumination light flux (Fe1) moves separately from the light source image (Eq1) is defined. The pupil surface (Pq) as shown in FIG. 6 (a), which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, which is smaller than the size of the light source image (Eqj) or the like. ), It is possible to narrow the spectral width of the light extracted from the pupil (Q) and improve the spectral purity of the expressed color while allowing the decrease in light utilization efficiency. is there.
Further, when the same thing is to be performed on the pupil surface (Pq) having the form shown in FIG. 4, it may be as described in FIG. 6 (b).

As shown in FIG. 4, the angles formed by the directions (Dq1, Dq2) of the two alternate long and short dash lines connecting the center of the pupil (Q) to the center of each of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2) are right angles. It is preferable to configure it so as to be.
This is because the periodic alignment directions of the two-component diffraction gratings to be formed on the broadly defined hologram (H) are approximately orthogonal to each other, and the reason why this is advantageous will be described later.

In the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 2, both of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2) are reflected by the triangular pillar mirror (Mt2), which is one of a part of the color image display device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form, the focusing spot formed by the focusing light (Ft1) is arranged near the edge portion of the knife edge mirror (Mt1), and only the focusing light (Ft1) is emitted. Similarly, by configuring the light to be reflected, it is possible to form a divergent light beam (Ft1', Ft2') in which the central axes are close to each other so that the divergent sources are close to each other and overlap each other in the distance. It is possible to realize an illumination optical system (Oe) having the same function as (Oe). (The functions of individual parts and light beams appearing in FIG. 3 are the same as those with the same symbols in FIG. abridgement).

In the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIGS. 2 and 3, as described above, all of the collimated light source light beams (Fc) are converted into the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2) composed of only polarization components perpendicular to the paper surface. The factor that can be converted and output and effectively used without discarding the light of the polarization component parallel to the paper surface is the generation source of the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2). A part of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2) (the focused light (Ft1): in the case of FIG. 3) or which the polarization direction has already been adjusted so as to be a polarization direction suitable for illumination of the spatial light modulator. For all (the focusing light (Ft1, Ft2): in the case of FIG. 2), the focusing spot formed by the focusing light (Ft1) or the focusing light (Ft1, Ft2) is the focusing light (Ft1) or the focusing spot. By arranging the light (Ft1, Ft2) near the edge of the mirror surface (of the knife edge mirror (Mt1) or the triangular pillar mirror (Mt2)) for reflecting each of them, the divergence sources are close to each other and overlap each other in the distance. This means that the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2) are generated after the divergent light rays (Ft1', Ft2') are generated.

The colored region (Ci) of the broadly defined hologram (H) is divided into two-dimensionally distributed hue pixels (Pxy), and each of the hue pixels (Pxy) has a hue that it should have, that is, ( (Because the output image to be displayed is a chromaticity diagram image), the hue corresponding to the value of the chromaticity coordinates x, y corresponding to the position occupied by the hue pixel (Pxy) in the input image of the broad-sense hologram (H) is obtained in this book. A diffraction grid is provided so as to give the output image (Dc) output by the color image display device to a portion conjugate to the hue pixel (Pxy).
In the output image (Dc), the hue pixel is a colored region obtained by the smallest unit of additive color mixing, and the corresponding region on the broad hologram (H) is the hue pixel (Pxy).
Hue pixels are pixels in a broad sense (broad definition pixels), but as will be described later, unlike ordinary pixels, they are not always rectangular such as squares, and their size on the screen is large. It is not always uniform.
However, in order to make the present invention easier to understand, for the time being, the case where the hue pixels are square and the size in the screen is uniform, which is also one of the embodiments of the present invention, will be described.

Here, what kind of diffraction grating is provided for each of the hue pixels (Pxy) will be described.
First, when the hue pixel (Pxy) is on the spectral locus (Ls) in the chromaticity diagram, for example, when a cyan hue pixel having a wavelength of 495 nm is assumed, it is incident on the hue pixel (Pxy). Of the light rays of the illumination light beam (Fe) having a continuous spectrum, for example, the light rays of the target wavelength of the individual illumination light beam (Fe1) are diffracted in the direction of the pupil (Q). A diffraction grating having an arrangement direction may be provided.
By doing so, of the light diffracted by the hue pixels, only the cyan light component of the assumed wavelength can pass in the direction of the pupil (Q) and pass through the opening (Aq). Since all the light of wavelengths other than the above hits the aperture aperture plate (Sq) and is blocked from passing through, the output image (Dc) is formed on the imaging surface (Sf) by the imaging optical system (Of). When imaged, the part conjugate to this hue pixel is colored cyan.

On the other hand, when the hue pixel (Pxy) is not on the spectral locus (Ls), a plurality of monochromatic lights are emitted by using the color mixing coordinate law as in the case where the origin of the pure purple locus (Lp) is explained above. The colors may be mixed and colored.
It is a schematic diagram of the concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention, and is a diagram showing the correspondence between the hue pixel (Pxy) and the coordinate point (pxy) occupied by the hue assigned to the hue pixel in the chromaticity diagram. As an example shown in FIG. 8, an appropriate straight line (lxy) passing through the target coordinate point (pxy) is assumed, and two points (a, b) that intersect the spectral locus (Ls) are defined. Specifically, two types of monochromatic light having wavelengths λa and λb corresponding to the hue coordinates are selected, and for example, a light having a wavelength λa among individual illumination light beams (Fe1) and an individual illumination light beam (Fe2). Two components of a diffraction lattice having a spatial alignment period and a periodic alignment direction such that a light beam having a wavelength λb is diffracted in the direction of the pupil (Q) are superimposed, that is, superimposed on the hue pixel (Pxy). It may be provided.

However, the diffraction intensity of each component of the two-component diffraction grating needs to be determined based on the positional relationship between each of the points (a and b) and the hue pixel (Pxy).
As described above, since a density lattice in which the light transmittance changes in a sinusoidal shape is assumed, the diffraction intensity is proportional to the diffraction efficiency and can be approximated to be proportional to the amplitude of the density change waveform. The handling of non-proportional cases (non-linearity) will be described later.
Therefore, for the time being, when the ratio of the diffraction intensity of a certain component to another component of the diffraction grating is set to, for example, 1: 2, the amplitude may be set to 1: 2.
Hereinafter, the amplitude ratio will be described on the premise that the spectral distribution of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) is not always uniform.
Further, the point (a) is represented by the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1), and the point (b) is represented by the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe2).

The value of the tristimulus value of the above equation 1 with respect to the component of the wavelength λa of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) corresponding to the point (a) can be considered as a delta function of the spectral distribution, and thus the following equation (formula). 13)
Xa = S (λa) ・ xe (λa)
Ya = S (λa) · yes (λa)
Za = S (λa) ・ ze (λa)
Therefore, the sum of them is expressed by the following equation (Equation 14).
Ta = Xa + Ya + Za
= S (λa) ・ {xe (λa) ＋ ye (λa) ＋ ze (λa)}
Can be expressed as.
Similarly, the sum of the tristimulus values for the component of wavelength λb is calculated by the following equation (Equation 15).
Tb = Xb + Yb + Zb
= S (λb) ・ {xe (λb) ＋ ye (λb) ＋ ze (λb)}
Can be expressed as.

Now, consider light in which the component of wavelength λa and the component of wavelength λb are mixed at a ratio of f to 1-f.
At this time, assuming that the chromaticity coordinates of the mixed light come to the position where the line segment connecting the point (a) and the point (b) is internally divided by m vs. 1-m, the value of m is , The following equation (Equation 16)
m = f ・ Ta / {f ・ Ta + (1-f) ・ Tb}
It is calculated as.
Therefore, conversely, when the hue pixel (Pxy) is at a position that internally divides the line segment connecting the point (a) and the point (b) by m vs. 1-m, the following equation ( Equation 17)
f = m ・ Tb / {(1-m) ・ Ta + m ・ Tb}
At the value of f in, the component of wavelength λa and the component of wavelength λb may be mixed in a ratio of f to 1-f.

In FIG. 8, the straight line (lxy) is drawn so as to be parallel to the pure purple locus (Lp), but in this case, it does not necessarily have to be parallel.
However, when the coordinate point (pxy) is in the vicinity of the pure purple locus (Lp), the straight line (lxy) must be substantially parallel to the pure purple locus (Lp), and the coordinates Regardless of the position of the coordinate point (pxy), unless there is a special reason to change the angle formed by the straight line (lxy) with respect to the pure purple locus (Lp) depending on the position of the point (pxy). It is easy and advantageous that the straight line (lxy) is parallel to the pure purple locus (Lp).

As a matter of course, the periodic arrangement direction of the diffraction grating component that outputs the component of the wavelength λa is such that the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1) is deflected in the direction (Dq1), and the diffraction that outputs the component of the wavelength λb. Each diffraction grating component is drawn so that the periodic arrangement direction of the grating components is a direction that deflects the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe2) in the direction (Dq2).

By the way, in many of the plates published in books and articles on the Internet that explain chromaticity diagrams, chromaticity diagrams are drawn with a brightness distribution that increases the brightness toward pure white. Originally, the chromaticity diagram shows the hue in coordinates and does not show information about brightness, so it should be such a brightness distribution, or it should be another brightness distribution such as uniform. Is optional.
Even when a broad-sense hologram (H) for displaying a chromaticity icon or the like is created by the color image display device of the present invention, the brightness distribution can be arbitrarily set.
Here, a method of calculating the diffraction intensity that realizes the Y value of each hue pixel (Pxy) when there is a brightness distribution to be realized, that is, a distribution of Y values will be described.

Assuming that the Y value and chromaticity coordinates x and y to be realized for a certain hue pixel (Pxy) are determined, the two component wavelengths λa and λb are used to express the hue, and the above equation 17 Assuming that the ratio f and 1-f of the diffraction intensity of each component are determined by the calculation based on, the overall diffraction intensity may be adjusted while maintaining this ratio so as to have the brightness proportional to the Y value.
Specifically, the power densities f · S (λa) and (1-f) · S (λb) of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) at wavelengths λa and λb are multiplied by the same magnification κ to obtain the Y value as follows. Equation (Equation 18)
Y = κ ・ {f ・ S (λa) ・ yes (λa) ＋ (1-f) ・ S (λb) ・ yes (λb)}
Magnification κ is determined so that the value of is the Y value to be realized, and the diffraction intensity of each component is calculated by κ · f and κ · (1-f) for each of the hue pixels (Pxy). Just do it.

Further, here, the case where the hue of the hue pixel (Pxy) is realized by the additive color mixing of two kinds of monochromatic light has been described, but it may be realized by the additive color mixing of three or more kinds of monochromatic light. Absent.
For example, in a schematic diagram of a concept related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention, a diagram showing the correspondence between a hue pixel (Pxy) and a coordinate point (pxy) occupied by the hue assigned to the hue pixel in the chromaticity diagram. As shown in FIG. 9, an example is assumed, assuming a straight line (lxy') connecting the target coordinate point (pxy) and a point (c) appropriately taken on the spectral locus (Ls). This obtains the coordinates of the point (c ") that intersects the straight line connecting the points (a") and the points (b ") appropriately taken on the spectral locus (Ls), and uses the quantified hue-mixed coordinate law. Therefore, the wavelengths of the points (a ") and (b") for realizing the hue of the point (c ") by the color mixing of the light having the wavelengths of the points (a") and the points (b "). The amplitude of each component of the two-component diffraction spectrum to be photodiffused is determined.
Then, the diffraction that diffracts the light of the wavelength of the point (c) that realizes the hue of the hue pixel (Pxy) by the additive color mixing of the light of the point (c ″) and the light of the wavelength of the point (c). The amplitude of the grating may be determined.

Even when the hue of the hue pixel (Pxy) is realized by additive color mixing of three or more kinds of monochromatic light, it is possible to superimpose a plurality of spatial alignment periodic components on the diffraction grating component in one periodic alignment direction. Therefore, it can be realized by using the optical system composed of the two individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2) described so far.
For example, the point (a ") is due to the individual illumination flux (Fe1), the point (b") is due to the individual illumination flux (Fe2), and the point (c ") is due to the individual illumination flux (Fe2). Alternatively, it can be expressed (by individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1) and individual illumination luminous flux (Fe2)).

Naturally, the number of individual illumination fluxes included in the illumination flux (Fe) may be increased.
For example, in the case where the hue of the hue pixel (Pxy) is realized by additive color mixing of three types of monochromatic light with three individual illumination light fluxes, the light source image (Eq1) near the pupil (Q) is realized. , Eq2, Eq3) may be arranged as shown in FIG. 10, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention.

First, two components of a diffraction grating having a spatial alignment period and a periodic alignment direction such that light rays of a target wavelength are diffracted in the direction of the pupil (Q) are superposed on the hue pixel (Pxy). I mentioned that it should be done, but instead of superimposing, the hue pixels (Pxy) are divided into a number of sub-pixels corresponding to the number of components of the diffraction grating, in this case two sub-pixels, and the diffraction grating is divided. In principle, it is also possible to form one component on one sub-pixel and the other component on the other sub-pixel.
In that case, the area of each sub-pixel may be the same, and the diffraction intensity of each sub-pixel may be set to κ · f and κ · (1-f).
Alternatively, the area of the portion of each sub-pixel having the same area that effectively functions as a diffraction grating is set to be proportional to κ ・ f and κ ・ (1-f), and the diffraction of the portion that effectively functions as a diffraction grating In principle, the diffraction intensity of the grating itself can be set to be the same for both sub-pixels.
Here, a portion of the sub-pixel that does not effectively function as a diffraction grating can be configured by not forming a diffraction grating there.

Alternatively, the hue pixel (Pxy) is divided into two sub-pixels having the above-mentioned ratios f and 1-f in area ratio, and the amount of diffracted light from each sub-pixel is κ · f and κ · (. In principle, it is also possible to set a common diffraction intensity for both sub-pixels so that the value is proportional to 1-f).

However, as a matter of course, since the sub-pixel is smaller than the hue pixel (Pxy), the spreading angle of the diffracted luminous flux radiated in the direction of the pupil (Q) by the diffraction grating due to the diffraction phenomenon due to its small size. May become excessive.
If the spread angle of the diffracted light beam becomes large, the amount of light that can pass through the pupil (Q) decreases, so that the efficiency of light utilization decreases and the sharpness of color selection by the pupil (Q) decreases. Since light of an unnecessary color is passed through, the chromaticity coordinates of the light beam passing through the pupil (Q) are separated from the spectral locus in response to the curved spectral locus, and the color on the spectral locus There is a problem that cannot be expressed accurately.
Therefore, from this point of view, the hue pixel (Pxy) is not divided into sub-pixels corresponding to the components of the diffraction grating, but the components are superposed on each of the hue pixels (Pxy). The configuration will be the best.

Incidentally, the horizontal × vertical dimension of the hue pixel (Pxy) is a × b, and the distance from the hue pixel (Pxy), that is, the broad-sense hologram (H) to the pupil (Q) is L, and the pupil surface ( When the U and V coordinate systems are provided in Pq), the optical power density distribution of the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern formed by the rectangular aperture of the hue pixel (Pxy) in the pupil (Q) is calculated by the following equation (Equation 19).
I (U, V) = sinc ^ 2 {π (a / λ) ・ (U / L)} ・ sinc ^ 2 {π (b / λ) ・ (V / L)}
become that way. However, the symbol ^ 2 represents the square.
The size of the rectangular region 2λL / a × 2λL / b surrounded by the innermost dark line where most of the optical power, which is the main part of this diffraction pattern, gathers is taken as a guide, and for example, the wavelength λ is long. Take 700 nm at the end (red) on the wavelength side, obtain the dimensions of this rectangular area by calculation based on the actual values of a, b, and L, and then draw a circle with a size inscribed by this rectangular area. The size of (Q) may be used as a guide based on the diffraction factor.
However, since the spread of the diffraction pattern is added depending on the degree of the point light source property of the illumination luminous flux (Fe), it is necessary to determine the size of the pupil (Q) in consideration of this amount as well.

As described above, the output image conjugated with the hue pixel (Pxy) by the method described using the equations 13 to 18, including the case where the spectral distribution of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) is not uniform. In order to accurately realize the color and brightness of the pixel (Dc), the parameters f and κ of the additive color mixture belonging to the hue pixel (Pxy) can be determined, and this method will be described later. It can also be applied when the illumination luminous flux (Fe) is composed of a plurality of individual illumination fluxes or when the main spectral bands of the individual illumination fluxes are different from each other.
In addition, although the case where the hue is expressed by two kinds of wavelengths is described here, the ratio of the diffraction intensity of each component for expressing the hue is calculated first even in the case of three or more kinds of wavelengths. Similarly, the overall diffraction intensity may be adjusted while maintaining the ratio.

With a spatial alignment period such that the light beam of the target wavelength among the above-mentioned light rays of the illumination light beam (Fe) for drawing on the broadly defined hologram (H) is diffracted in the direction of the pupil (Q). It is necessary to generate image data in which a single or multiple wavelength components of a diffraction grating having a periodic alignment direction are determined for all of the hue pixels (Pxy). As one of the methods, a computer hologram technique is used. There is something to apply.
In a normal hologram, for example, when the target object is illuminated with coherent monochromatic light such as laser light, the object light, which is the scattered light from the target object, and the coherent reference light are simultaneously put on the photographic dry plate. By incident and exposing, interference fringes generated by interference between object light and reference light are recorded on the photographic dry plate, and this is created as a developed and fixed photographic dry plate.
During playback, the hologram (photographic plate) is irradiated with reference light under the same conditions as during recording, and the reference light is diffracted by the recorded interference fringes to generate object light that hits the photographic plate during recording. A three-dimensional image of the target object is reproduced.

On the other hand, in the computer hologram, instead of using a real object or coherent light, for example, a state in which the coherent light is scattered by a virtual object in the computer to generate the coherent light, and the generated object light is a virtual photograph. It simulates how an electric field distribution is created by propagating to a dry plate, and how it interferes with the electric field distribution of reference light, and predicts an interference fringe image that will occur. The interference fringe image is, for example, , 8 bits, etc. are created as image data with light and dark tones, and are saved in a file format such as a bitmap.
Then, using an interference fringe image drawing means such as an electron beam drawing device, a high-definition laser drawing device, or a high-definition plotter, the interference fringe image generated on the photosensitive material is drawn and exposed, and a processing process such as predetermined development and fixing is performed. This completes the computer hologram as an entity.
The method of reproducing it is the same as that of a normal hologram, but it is possible to make a stereoscopic image of a non-existent object appear.

When the technique of computer hologram is used in the present invention, at the stage of creating the image data of the interference fringe image, the virtual photographic dry plate described above is the broadly defined hologram (H), and the reference light is the individual illumination light beam (Fe1). , Fe2, ...), Assuming that the object light corresponds to the diffracted light toward the center of the pupil (Q), the following steps may be executed.

That is,
[Step 1] The target individual illumination luminous flux is selected from the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...).
[Step 2] Select one target hue pixel (Pxy).
[Step 3] As described above, the color (single or multiple) to be expressed in the target hue pixel (Pxy) and the amplitude of the interference fringes of that color are determined.
[Step 4] Select the wavelength corresponding to the color to be expressed in the target hue pixel (Pxy).
[Step 5] The lattice drawing of the object light emitted from the lattice drawing pixel toward the pupil (Q) is selected by selecting one lattice drawing pixel provided by dividing the target hue pixel (Pxy) into two dimensions. The phase of the reference light having the same wavelength as the phase in the pixel and reaching the grid drawing pixel is calculated.
[Step 6] The above step 5 is executed for all the lattice drawing pixels in the target hue pixel (Pxy), the interference of the optical electric field between the object light and the reference light is simulated, and the photoelectric generated by the interference is performed. By calculating the power density distribution of the field, that is, the square of the absolute value of the electric field amplitude, the interference fringe image that will occur in the hue pixel (Pxy) is calculated, and then determined in step 3. By giving the amplitude, the value of each of the lattice drawing pixels is determined.
[Step 7] If there is another color to be expressed in the target hue pixel (Pxy), steps 4 to 6 are performed to calculate a new interference fringe image for that color, and the result is determined in step 3. The amplitude is given and added to the value of each lattice drawing pixel of the interference fringe image created earlier for all the colors to be expressed.
[Step 8] The steps 2 to 7 are performed over all of the hue pixels (Pxy), and the entire hue pixels (Pxy) are saved as image data of one interference fringe image.
[Step 9] The steps 1 to 8 are performed over all of the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...), And all the image data of the interference fringe images saved in step 8 in each individual illumination flux are superimposed. Generate and save the combined image data.

It should be noted that one of the grid drawing pixels has a density gradation, and by arranging a large number of them vertically and horizontally, an interference fringe having a periodic density change is expressed, and the size of the grid drawing pixel is , Interference fringes may be determined according to the resolution of the image drawing means.
Further, in the calculation of the phases of the object light and the reference light performed in step 5, the distance Δ between the target lattice drawing pixel and the wave source of the object light and the distance Δ between the lattice drawing pixel and the wave source of the reference light are calculated. The calculated complex amplitude E of the optical electric field is the following equation (Equation 20).
E = exp (-i · k · Δ)
You can use what you can find in the format of.
Here, k = 2π / λ is the wave number and i is the imaginary unit.
However, when the wave source of the reference light is infinity, that is, when the reference light is a plane wave, the above equation 20 cannot be used as it is because Δ is infinite.
When the direction unit vector of the reference light is expressed by the components in each of the u, v, and w directions and written as (iu, iv, iw), the lattice at the coordinates (u, v) on the broad hologram (H). The phase ψ (u, v) in the drawing pixel is calculated by the following equation (Equation 21).
ψ (u, v) = −k ・ (u ・ iu + v ・ iv)
Therefore, instead of the above-mentioned formula 20, the following formula (formula 22)
E (u, v) = exp (i · ψ (u, v))
Required by.

Even if the source of the reference light is not a plane wave, a plane wave having a direction equal to the direction of the representative point of the hue pixel (Pxy), for example, the individual illumination luminous flux incident on the center thereof is in the hue pixel (Pxy). Assuming that all the lattice drawing pixels are reached, the phase of the reference light in the step 5 may be calculated by the equations 21 and 22.
Similarly, with respect to the object light, a plane wave having a direction equal to the direction of the diffracted light beam (Fd) emitted from the representative point of the hue pixel (Pxy) toward the center of the pupil (Q) is the hue pixel (Pxy). The phase of the object light in the step 5 may be calculated by the equations 21 and 22 as being emitted from all the lattice drawing pixels in the above.

In the case of the method using the computer hologram technique described above, the diffraction grating is diffracted as an interference fringe image without explicitly calculating the spatial alignment period and the periodic alignment direction of the diffraction grating to be formed in the hue pixel (Pxy) as values. The shape of the grating was determined, but conversely, without applying the technique of computer hologram, the spatial alignment period and periodic alignment direction of the diffraction grating to be formed in the hue pixel (Pxy) were positively used as values. There is also a method of calculating and generating image data of an interference fringe image, which will be described below.

First, the relationship between the intersection angle and wavelength of the two luminous fluxes and the pitch of the interference fringes generated will be described.
In FIG. 32, which is a schematic diagram of a concept related to the technology of the color image display device of the present invention, two light fluxes having a propagation direction optical axis (d1, d2) and a wavelength λ are interference fringes (fr1, fr2, ... ) Is created.
As shown in FIG. 32 (a), it is assumed that the propagation direction optical axes (d1 and d2) are both present in the paper surface and intersect at an angle θ.
The two groups of solid lines perpendicular to each of the propagation direction optical axes (d1 and d2) represent the wave planes of the two light fluxes, respectively.
Each of the interference fringes (fr1, fr2, ...) Is spatial, and focusing on the portion having the highest electric field strength, in the w'axis direction, which is the axis of symmetry of the propagation direction optical axis (d1, d2). It has a planar structure that not only extends but also extends in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, that is, in the u'axis direction.
Here, attention is paid to two adjacent interference fringes (fr1, fr2) and two wave planes (wf1, wf2), and attention is paid to a triangle (Tf) formed by them.
As can be seen from (b) of FIG. 32 from which the triangle (Tf) is extracted, the relationship between the length Λ'of the hypotenuse, the angle θ, and the wavelength λ is expressed by the following equation (Equation 23).
Λ'= λ / sin θ
Therefore, the interval between adjacent interference fringes (fr1, fr2), that is, the pitch Λ is expressed by the following equation (Equation 24).
Λ = Λ'・ cos (θ / 2) = λ / {2 ・ sin (θ / 2)}
It can be expressed as. (Reference 1: Equation (5.34))

Next, using the relational expression just obtained, the direction of the component incident on the hue pixel (Pxy) of one selected from the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2, ...) In the broad sense hologram (H). Focusing on the unit vector <i> and the directional unit vector <j> of the component emitted from the hue pixel (Pxy) of the diffracted light beam (Fd), the plane wave propagating in these directions is the broad hologram. (H) A calculation method for obtaining the periodic alignment direction and the spatial alignment period of the interference fringes created above will be described.
However, in the present specification, the quantity written in the form of the symbol enclosed in angle brackets <> represents a vector.
In addition, the symbols in <> with the subscripts u, v, and w represent the u, v, and w components of the vector, respectively.
The direction unit vectors <i> and <j> face the direction of the w'axis when viewed from the direction in which the direction unit vectors <i> and <j> appear to face the direction of the propagation direction optical axis (d1, d2) in FIG. 32 (a). The vector <f> and the vector <g> pointing in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface are given by the following equation (Equation 25).
<f> = <i> + <j>
<g> = <i> × <j>
= (Iv ・ jw − iw ・ jv,
iw ・ ju − iu ・ jw,
iu ・ jv − iv ・ ju)
It can be expressed as.
The symbol x represents a vector product (outer product).

As explained earlier in the section where it was stated that the interference fringes have a planar structure, the surface focusing on the location with the highest electric field strength (hereinafter referred to as the interference fringe representative surface) is vector <f. It is parallel to both> and <g>.
Therefore, the plane passing through the origin of the broad-sense hologram (H) and containing both the vectors <f> and <g> (hereinafter, this is referred to as the interference fringe representative surface Ω) intersects the broad-sense hologram (H). If the straight line to be formed is found, the angle of the diffraction grating to be formed on the broadly defined hologram (H) can be known.
The arbitrary position vector <ω> existing on the representative surface Ω of the interference fringe is expressed by the following equation (Equation 26) using the parameters α and β of arbitrary values.
<ω> = α <f> + β <g>
It can be expressed as.
When this position vector exists on the broadly defined hologram (H), its w coordinate is zero, so the relationship between α and β is α · fw + β · gw = 0, that is, the following equation (Equation 27). )
α = − (gw / fw) ・ β
Is established.
Since it is sufficient to know one point other than the origin on the straight line Lf where the broadly defined hologram (H) and the interference fringe representative surface Ω intersect, the u and v coordinates of the position vector <ω> of that point are β = 1. Was applied to equations 27 and 26, and the following equation (formula 28)
ωu = − (gw / fw) ・ fu + gu
ωv = − (gw / fw) ・ fv + gv
Can be calculated by
Therefore, the angle Φ formed by the straight line Lf connecting this point and the origin with respect to the u-axis, that is, the following equation (Equation 29)
Φ = atan (ωv / ωu)
Can be obtained by.
Since the periodic arrangement direction of the interference fringes is perpendicular to the straight line Lf, the angle Φ may be obtained as an angle rotated by 90 degrees.

Next, a calculation method for obtaining the spatial alignment period of the interference fringes on the broad-sense hologram (H) will be described.
In FIG. 32, assuming that the vector pointing in the direction of the v'axis, which is the periodic arrangement direction of the interference fringes, is written as <h> in the u, v, w coordinate system, which is the coordinate system of the broad hologram (H), it is as follows. Equation (Equation 30)
<h> = <i> − <j>
Therefore, a vector <Λ> that points in the direction of this vector and whose magnitude is equal to the pitch Λ of the interference fringes is given by the following equation (Equation 31).
<Λ> = (Λ / | <h> |) <h>
It can be expressed as.
Where the symbol || represents the length of the vector or the absolute value of the value.
Now, consider an interference fringe representative surface Ω'adjacent to the interference fringe representative surface Ω that passes through the origin of the broadly defined hologram (H) described above.
For the arbitrary position vector <ω'> existing on the interference fringe representative surface Ω', the following equation (Equation 32) is used using the parameters α'and β'of arbitrary values.
<ω'> = α'<f> ＋ β'<g> ＋ <Λ>
It can be expressed as.
When this position vector exists on the v-axis on the broad hologram (H), the u and w components of <ω'> are zero, so this condition is applied to Equation 32, and the following equation (Equation 33) )
α'・ fu + β'・ gu = −Λu
α'・ fw ＋ β'・ gw ＝ −Λw
To get.
Since this is a binary simultaneous linear equation for α', β', it can be solved, and the value of the solution α', β'is expressed as the v component of <ω'>, that is, the following equation (Equation 34).
ω'v = α'・ fv ＋ β'・ gv ＋ Λv
By substituting into, the v coordinate ω'v of the point Pf where the interference fringe representative surface Ω'intersects the v axis on the broad hologram (H) can be obtained.
Therefore, the spatial alignment period ρ of the interference fringes on the broadly defined hologram (H) is the distance between the point Pf and the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from the point Pf to the straight line Lf. Therefore, the following equation (Equation 35)
ρ = | ω'v | ・ cosΦ
Can be calculated by

Alternatively, the spatial alignment period ρ may be obtained by another calculation method described below.
Now, consider a state in which the u, v, w axes and the u', v', w'axes in FIG. 32 coincide with each other.
Here, considering the state in which the u', v', and w'coordinate systems are rotated by an angle Ψ around the u axis, as can be immediately understood from FIG. 32, the interference fringes (fr1, fr2, ...) It can be seen that the pitch of the interference fringes in the cross section of the group cut in the u and v planes extends 1 / cosΨ times the pitch Λ in the u'and v'planes.
As described above, since the vector pointing in the direction of the w'axis is <f>, the angle Ψ may be obtained as the angle formed by <f> with respect to the w'axis.
In general, when converting an arbitrary vector into a unit vector, it is sufficient to divide it by its length, and since the w component of the unit vector thus obtained is the cosine of the angle formed with the w axis, the vector. As the relationship between <f> and the angle Ψ, the following equation (Equation 36) is immediately obtained.
cosΨ = fw / | <f> |
To get.
Therefore, the spatial alignment period ρ of the interference fringes on the u, v plane, that is, on the broad hologram (H) is the following equation (Equation 37).
ρ = Λ ・ | <f> | / fw
Can be calculated by

As described above, in the broadly defined hologram (H), the direction unit vector of the component incident on the hue pixel (Pxy) of one selected from the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2, ...) And the diffracted light beam (Fd). ), The direction unit vector of the component emitted from the hue pixel (Pxy), and the plane wave propagating in these directions forms the periodic arrangement direction and the spatial arrangement of the interference fringes formed on the broad-sense hologram (H). Now that the calculation method for calculating the period has been shown, each of the following steps can be performed using it.

That is,
[Step 1] The target individual illumination luminous flux is selected from the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...).
[Step 2] Select one target hue pixel (Pxy).
[Step 3] As described above, the color (single or multiple) to be expressed in the target hue pixel (Pxy) and the amplitude of the interference fringes of that color are determined.
[Step 4] Select the wavelength corresponding to the color to be expressed in the target hue pixel (Pxy).
[Step 5] Assuming that a plane wave having a direction equal to the direction of the individual illumination light beam incident on the representative point of the hue pixel (Pxy) reaches all the lattice drawing pixels in the hue pixel (Pxy). Further, a plane wave having a direction equal to the direction of the diffracted light beam (Fd) emitted from the representative point of the hue pixel (Pxy) toward the center of the pupil (Q) is all the above in the hue pixel (Pxy). Assuming that it is emitted from the lattice drawing pixels, the plane wave propagating in these directions obtains the periodic alignment direction and the spatial alignment period of the interference fringes formed on the broad-sense hologram (H) by the above method.
[Step 6] Values of all the grid drawing pixels in the target hue pixels (Pxy) so as to obtain an interference fringe image having the obtained periodic alignment direction, the spatial alignment period, and the amplitude determined in the step 3. To determine.
[Step 7] If there is another color to be expressed in the target hue pixel (Pxy), steps 4 to 6 are performed to calculate a new interference fringe image for that color, and the result is determined in step 3. The amplitude is given and added to the value of each lattice drawing pixel of the interference fringe image created earlier for all the colors to be expressed.
[Step 8] The steps 2 to 7 are performed over all of the hue pixels (Pxy), and the entire hue pixels (Pxy) are saved as image data of one interference fringe image.
[Step 9] The steps 1 to 8 are performed over all of the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...), And all the image data of the interference fringe images saved in step 8 in each individual illumination flux are superimposed. Generate and save the combined image data.

In either of the method of applying the technique of the computer hologram and the method of not applying the technique of the computer hologram, any of the hue pixels (Pxy) in the broad-sense hologram (H) adjacent to the u direction or the v direction. When paying attention to these two, the diffraction grating in each of the hue pixels (Pxy) is such that the included diffraction grating lines are as continuous as possible beyond (straddling) the adjacent boundary of the hue pixels (Pxy). , It is desirable to adjust the phase in the periodic alignment direction.
For example, assuming that there is a rectangular region consisting of a certain number of the hue pixels (Pxy) in each of the u direction and the v direction located at a location of the broadly defined hologram (H), this rectangular region expresses a uniform color. Assuming a situation in which each diffraction grating of the hue pixels (Pxy) is determined as described above, by making all the diffraction grating lines continuous in this rectangular region, no trace of the boundary between the hue pixels appears. , The entire rectangular area becomes visible as an integral diffraction grating.
At this time, if there are a plurality of components of the diffraction grating, each component is made continuous.
Such a situation is depicted in FIG. 30, which will be referred to later.

In an actual image, the colors to be expressed are not uniform, and the spatial alignment period of the diffraction grating changes depending on the position, so the diffraction grating lines cannot always be continuous, but they are as continuous as possible. With such a configuration, the spread of the diffracted light beam from the broad hologram (H) toward the pupil (Q) is smaller than that in the above equation 19, so that the sharpness of color selection by the pupil (Q) is sharp. There is a possibility that the size of the pupil (Q) can be reduced.
If the diffraction grating line continuation process described above is not performed, the size of the hue pixel (Pxy) (the size of the basic hue pixel described later) is a diffraction phenomenon expressed by the diffraction grating included therein. It is necessary to have a size that can include a sufficient number of periods of the diffraction grating so that the diffraction grating has a sufficient wavelength selection ability. However, if it is assumed that the diffraction grating line is continuously processed, the above The size of the hue pixel (Pxy) can be set small, which can contribute to the improvement of the resolution of the output image (Dc) to be displayed.

As shown in FIG. 7, when there is a non-colored target region (Cx) that is not included in the colored region (Ci) by the diffraction grating, what kind of broad-sense hologram (H) is used for this region? It may be decided arbitrarily whether to make it a state.
For example, if the region corresponding to the non-coloring target region (Cx) is to be black, the diffraction grating may not be provided in the non-coloring target region (Cx).
Further, if you want to make the region corresponding to the non-coloring target region (Cx) white, you can draw a diffraction grating that exhibits white, and if you want to make it another color or superimpose characters and scales on it, you can display it. A diffraction grating may be drawn according to the purpose.

Further, in the optical system of FIG. 1, the one in which the aperture aperture plate (Sq) is provided immediately after the broad-sense hologram (H) and the imaging optical system (Of) is provided in the subsequent stage is drawn.
However, the aperture aperture plate is provided after the imaging optical system (Of), or the imaging optical system (Of) is a combination lens like the camera lens described above, and the aperture aperture is narrowed down. The re-plate may be provided inside the re-plate.

Here, as the color image displayed by the color image display device of the present invention, an image displaying a hue diagram has been described as an example, but for example, a color not limited to the hue diagram, such as some object exhibiting the above-mentioned structural color. When creating the broadly defined hologram (H) for displaying an image, image data priced by XYZ is acquired instead of RGB like a so-called bitmap, and chromaticity coordinates are obtained for each hue pixel (Pxy). After calculating x and y and determining the ratio of the diffraction intensity of each component of the diffraction grid by the above method, the method described in relation to the above equation 18 so as to have the brightness proportional to the Y value. , The diffraction intensity of the components of the diffraction lattice of each hue pixel (Pxy) may be set.
As a means for acquiring the image data priced by XYZ, for example, the R, G, and B filters provided in front of the three image sensors of a normal color camera are subjected to the above-mentioned color matching function xy. This can be achieved by replacing the filter with spectral sensitivity equal to each of (λ), y (λ), and ze (λ) (for example, a tristimulus value filter (color matching function filter) manufactured by Nikon Corporation). However, if the spectral characteristics of the image sensor and other optical elements are not flat, it is necessary to add the correction amount to the filter to obtain the desired spectral sensitivity.
In fact, there is a commercially available product of such a camera, that is, an XYZ camera, for example, RTC-21 manufactured by Ikegami Tsushinki Co., Ltd.
Further, if the color image display device of the present invention is configured by using a dynamic broad hologram (H) using the spatial light modulator described above, such an image can be displayed as a moving image. ..

Naturally, in order to use the spatial light modulator described above in this color image display device, the broad-sense hologram data as image data, which is the modulation information for the broad-sense hologram (H), which is a diffraction lattice image, is obtained from the outside. A broad-sense hologram data reception interface for receiving data, a broad-sense hologram data buffer for temporarily storing the data, a spatial light modulator drive circuit for operating the spatial light modulator based on the broad-sense hologram data, and these. It is necessary to have individual functional units such as a control processor for integrated control.
However, since projectors equipped with the above-mentioned spatial light modulators already exist, the above-mentioned individual function units can be configured by utilizing the techniques used for them.
For example, in a projector that uses an RGB 3-panel LCOS as a spatial light modulator (see, for example, Hiroshi Sato: Optics, Vol. 35, No. 6 (2006) p318, published by the Optical Society of Japan (Applied Physics Society)), RGB 3 channels are used. The data series of the above is received, stored, and modulated, and this can be realized by mounting one channel of the data series on the color image display device.

In the above-described spatial light modulator usage mode, the broad-sense hologram data, which is a diffraction grating image, is received from the outside, but instead, digital image data priced by XYZ is received. It may be received by the interface and converted into the broadly defined hologram data in the color image display device.
However, in this case, since a large amount of numerical calculation is required for the conversion processing, it is desirable to increase the processing speed by mounting a GPU which is a dedicated parallel arithmetic processing unit.
By the way, if a conventional projector is called an RGB projector, it can be seen that what should be called an XYZ projector can be realized by the configuration of the present invention described above.

So far, the imaging optical system (Of) has been described to form a real image conjugate with the broad hologram (H) on the imaging surface (Sf), but the imaging optical system (Of) has been described. ) Is designed to function as an eyepiece, and can form a virtual image conjugate with the broad-sense hologram (H) at infinity (or a distant place where the w coordinate is negative) as an output image position (). One form of the eleventh invention).
In this case, the observer's eyeball is located immediately after the imaging optical system (Of) as an eyepiece, and the pupil of the eyeball functions as the pupil (Q).
In this case, since the iris of the eyeball functions as the aperture aperture plate (Sq), it is not necessary to install the aperture aperture plate (Sq) as an entity in the color image display device.

Further, the observer is allowed to see the broad-sense hologram (H) itself illuminated by the illumination light beam (Fe) (the broad-sense hologram (H) itself as a self-evident virtual image conjugated with the broad-sense hologram (H)). It is also possible (one form of the first invention), and in this case, it is necessary to install the aperture aperture plate (Sq) and the imaging optical system (Of) as entities in the color image display device. There is no.
However, since the pupil (Q) must exist at a relative position specified by design with respect to the system consisting of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) and the broad hologram (H), the position where the observer places his / her eyes is determined. Ingenuity to make it clear (forced), for example, an eyepiece should be provided at a specified position, or the color image display device should be covered with a housing to provide a peephole at the specified position.

Incidentally, in the situation where the observer directly sees the broad hologram (H) described above, the iris, the crystalline lens, and the retina in the observer's eyeball are the aperture diaphragm (Sq) and the imaging optical system in FIG. It corresponds to (Of) and the imaging plane (Sf).
Therefore, it can be seen that FIG. 1 also represents a situation in which the observer directly sees the broad hologram (H).

The advantage of having the illumination light flux composed of a plurality of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) With different directions as in the optical system of FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described below.
If the number of illumination light beams is one, the direction of the illumination light rays incident on the hue pixels (Pxy) on the broad-sense hologram (H) is naturally one kind, and the pupil (Q) is one. If this is the case, since there is only one type of direction in which the diffracted light is emitted from the diffraction grating, when a plurality of diffraction grating components are provided in the hue pixels (Pxy), the periodic arrangement directions of the diffraction gratings are all the same.
Since components with the same periodic alignment direction and different spatial alignment periods are superimposed, for example, even if there is a place where the high-concentration phase or the low-concentration phase of two types of spatial alignment periods overlap, the diffraction grating of each component In order for the elements to function independently, it is necessary to keep the amplitude of each component of the diffraction grating sufficiently small so that the linearity of the density is maintained.

On the other hand, when there are, for example, two types of directions of the illumination light beam incident on the hue pixel (Pxy) on the broadly defined hologram (H), if two types of diffraction grating components are provided, one of the diffraction gratings is provided. The component of can be configured to diffract the illumination light beam in one direction, and the component of the other diffraction grating can be configured to diffract the illumination light beam in the other direction.
In this case, since the components of the two types of diffraction gratings on the hue pixel (Pxy) have different periodic alignment directions, they tend to be slightly saturated at the points where the high-density phase or the low-density phase of the two spatial alignment periods overlap. Therefore, even when the non-linearity of the density appears, the diffraction grating of each component can function independently, so that the amplitude of each component of the diffraction grating does not have to be suppressed so small, and the diffraction efficiency can be increased.
In particular, when the periodic arrangement directions are close to orthogonal, it is advantageous because the resistance to the saturation tendency described above is strong.

As will be described later, the present invention also deals with the case where the pupil (Q) is divided into a plurality of partial pupils. For example, assuming that the number of divisions is two, the individual illumination luminous flux at this time is the broadly defined hologram (H). ) Is included to include a group of individual illumination light fluxes aiming to pass through one partial pupil and another group of individual illumination light fluxes aiming to pass through the other partial pupil, and one of the broadly defined holograms (H). Since one diffraction grating component constitutes the optical system so as to diffract the individual illumination luminous fluxes of both groups in the same manner, the matter described in the case of one pupil is that the pupil is divided into a plurality of partial pupils. It also holds when it is done.

As described above, the illumination luminous flux is composed of a plurality of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) With different directions, and each of the plurality of components of the diffraction lattice of the hue pixel (Pxy) of the broadly defined hologram (H) is The advantage of diffracting the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Different from those of other components so that there is no overlap in the periodic alignment directions has been described. Even when it is composed of a plurality of different individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...), At least some hue pixels (Pxy) are provided with a plurality of components of the diffraction lattice to be diffracted with respect to the illumination fluxes from one kind of direction. The present invention does not exclude.

When the light source images (Eq1 and Eq2) on the pupil surface (Pq) shown in FIG. 4 are formed by the optical system exemplified in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pupil (Q) is easily understood. ) To the center of each of the light source images (Eq1 and Eq2), so that a certain hue pixel (Pxy) on the broad hologram (H) is incident on the illumination luminous flux (Fe). The magnitude of the angle deflected by diffraction to direct light of a certain wavelength toward the center of the pupil (Q) is constant regardless of the position of the hue pixel (Pxy) on the broad hologram (H). Is.
However, the direction in which the light is deflected by diffraction in order to direct the light toward the center of the pupil (Q) changes depending on the position of the hue pixel (Pxy) on the broad hologram (H).

In order to direct the light toward the center of the pupil (Q), the direction in which the light is deflected by diffraction is constant regardless of the position of the hue pixel (Pxy) on the broad hologram (H). If this can be done, it is advantageous because the calculation of the diffraction grating specifications for each of the hue pixels (Pxy) can be simplified.
In order to realize this, the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1 and Fe2) constituting the illumination luminous flux (Fe) are set as parallel luminous fluxes, and the pupil (Q) seen from the broadly defined hologram (H) is formed. It may be configured to be located at infinity.
In other words, when focusing only on the diffracted luminous flux that contributes to the formation of the output image (Dc), the broadly defined hologram (H) may be configured to generate a telecentric image.
At this time, the angles formed by the directions (Dq1, Dq2) of the two single-point chain lines connecting the center of the pupil (Q) to the center of each of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2) are configured to be orthogonal. Then, the periodic arrangement direction of the two-component diffraction grating formed by superimposing on the hue pixel (Pxy) is always orthogonal regardless of the position of the hue pixel (Pxy) on the broad hologram (H). To do.

The optical system for that purpose can be realized as follows.
First, in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 illustrated above, the luminous flux conversion lens (Le) arranged in the front stage (outlet of the illumination optical system (Oe)) of the broadly defined hologram (H) is focused. The focused light (Ft1, Ft2) is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, which are schematic views showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, which is intended to generate light. By arranging the focusing spots so as to be located on the focal plane of the luminous flux conversion lens (Le), the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2) are made to be parallel light.
Although FIG. 12 is drawn corresponding to FIG. 2, it may correspond to FIG.
Then, a Fourier transform lens (Lf) that associates the direction of the light beam included in the diffracted luminous flux (Fd) with the position on the output side focal plane immediately after the broad definition hologram (H), for example, immediately after the broad definition hologram (H). ) Should be changed.
Needless to say, at this time, the aperture aperture plate (Sq) is arranged on the focal plane of the Fourier transform lens (Lf), and at this time, the appearance of the pupil plane (Pq) is the same as that in FIG. ..
In fact, the position of the light source image (Eq1) is depicted in FIG.
Incidentally, the luminous flux conversion lens (Le) in FIG. 12 functions as an inverse Fourier transform lens.
In FIG. 11, for simplification, the Fourier transform lens (Lf), the aperture aperture plate (Sq), and the imaging optical system (Of) are drawn as cross-sectional views.

Further, as described above, in the subsequent stage of the aperture aperture plate (Sq), an output image (Dc) conjugated with the broad-sense hologram (H) is formed as a projection lens for forming an image on a screen, or infinitely. The imaging optical system (Of) as an eyepiece for forming a distant image is arranged as needed.

This optical system is particularly suitable in the case of a configuration in which the above-mentioned LCOS is the broadly defined hologram (H).
The reason is that since the broad-sense hologram (H) generates a telecentric image, all the main rays of light rays emitted from each of the hue pixels (Pxy) and contributing to the formation of the output image are parallel to the optical axis (w). Therefore, even for the polarization beam splitter prism for both polarization and detection, the main ray is vertically incident on the prism surface, and all the hue pixels (Pxy) of the broadly defined hologram (H) are connected. This is because there is no extra asymmetric aberration generated by inserting the polarizing beam splitter with respect to the image.

When the LCOS is installed in the optical system of the design concept of FIG. 11, it is assumed that the output light beam is also output to the right, and as shown in FIG. 36 (a), the illumination light beam (Fe) is applied to the polarization beam splitter prism. Is input from the bottom to the top, and the LCOS, which is the broadly defined hologram (H), is illuminated by the right-to-left illumination light beam reflected to the left by the polarizing beam splitter prism, and the reflected light is a diffracted light beam from left to right. Fd) may be configured to be input to the Fourier transform lens (Lf) and the aperture splitter (Sq).

Since the spatial light modulator dynamically creates a hologram (H) in a broad sense, each component of the diffraction grating described above is generated in a time-divided manner and controlled so as to be superposed by temporal additive color mixing. This is also a form of the first invention in which each component of the diffraction grating is superposed.
Therefore, in such a case, the diffraction intensity of each component of the diffraction grating is controlled so as to be proportional to the length of time during which the diffraction grating of that component is generated, not the amplitude of each component. can do.
In addition, when each component of the diffraction grating is generated by time division in this way, the above-mentioned condition that the periodic arrangement direction of each component of the diffraction grating is close to orthogonal from the viewpoint of non-linearity of concentration is satisfied. You can be careless.

In the case of this time-divided color mixing, the light source images (Eq1, Eq2) of the components not diffracted at the pupil (Q) by the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2) are in the form of FIG. Then, the color of one component of the additive color mixture is changed by both of the individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe2) by a diffraction grid consisting of one type of spatial alignment period in which components in two types of periodic alignment directions are superimposed. The individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe2) are used to adjust the color of the other component of the additive color mixture by a diffraction lattice consisting of the period of manifestation and the components of the same two types of periodic alignment directions superimposed on each other. ) May be repeated alternately with the period of expression.

Further, as shown in FIG. 13, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, the light source images (Eq1 and Eq2) which are twin light source images are shown in the pupil (Q). ), And at a position where both of the twin light sources can pass through the pupil (Q) by one kind of component of the diffraction grating drawn on the hue pixel (Pxy), that is, the individual illumination light source. One type of (Fe1, Fe2) is formed in such a form that the diffracted component is formed at a position where the direction of the one-point chain line from the light source image (Eq1, Eq2) toward the center of the pupil (Q) is common. The period during which the color of one component of the color mixture is expressed by both of the individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe2) by the diffraction grating consisting of only the components in the periodic alignment direction of The color of the other component of the color mixture is expressed by both of the individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe2) by a diffraction grating composed of only one type of component in the periodic alignment direction and one type of other spatial alignment period. The diffraction grating image drawn on the broad-sense hologram (H) may be simplified by alternately repeating the period.
The reason why the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2) function in the same manner only by the components in one type of periodic alignment direction is that the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1) form the light source image (Eq1) because they are twin luminous fluxes. The diffraction lattice that diffracts toward the inside of the pupil (Q) always diffracts the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe2) forming the light source image (Eq2) toward the inside of the pupil (Q) by the same angle. Because it does.

Further, for the same reason, as shown in FIG. 14, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, the light source images (Eq1 and Eq2) which are twin light source images are shown. Formed at a position where both of the twin light sources can pass through the pupil (Q) on the same side facing the pupil (Q) by one kind of component of the diffraction lattice drawn on the hue pixel (Pxy). The individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe2) are used to change the color of one component of the color mixture by a diffraction grid consisting of only one type of component in the periodic alignment direction and one type of spatial alignment period. The color of the other component of the color mixture is adjusted by the diffraction lattice consisting of only the period expressed in both of the above and the component of the same one type of periodic alignment direction and one type of the other spatial alignment period (Fe1). , Fe2) may be alternately repeated with the period of expression.

By the way, to supplement the expression "same side facing the pupil", it is natural that the eyes are placed at one of the positions of the light source images (Eq1 and Eq2), which are twin light source images, and the pupil (Q) is faced. , The light source image itself is located in front of the pupil (Q), but at this time, the position where the other light source image is located is not the other side beyond the pupil (Q), but the pupil (Q). ) Means that it is on the front side, that is, on the same side (adjacent) position.

In order to realize the arrangement of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2) of FIGS. 13 and 14, when the illumination optical system of FIG. 2 is arranged in the color image display device of FIG. 1, or in FIG. When arranging the illumination optical system of FIG. 12 in the present color image display device, the illumination optical system of FIG. 12 may be arranged relative to the paper surface of the former drawing so that the paper surface of the latter drawing forms an angle of 45 degrees.
As a matter of course, the illumination optical system so that the light source images (Eq1, Eq2) have the desired distance on the pupil surface (Pq) and the desired distance from the pupil outer circumference (Qc). You can adjust parameters such as the placement position, installation angle, and focal length of optical elements such as mirrors and lenses included in the above, and if necessary, the optical axis of the illumination optical system (w) with respect to the optical axis (w) of the color image display device. Consolidation such as tilting W) is required.

Further, with respect to the form of the pupil surface (Pq) of FIGS. 13 and 14, as described above, the diffracted component of the individual illumination light flux (Fe1, Fe2) is obtained from the light source image (Eq1, Eq2). When the size of the pupil (Q) in the direction of separation and movement is made smaller than the size of the light source image (Eqj) or the like, one form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention is simplified and shown. By adopting the shape of the pupil surface (Pq) as described in FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b), which is a schematic diagram, the light is taken out from the pupil (Q) while allowing a decrease in light utilization efficiency. It is possible to narrow the spectral width of light to improve the spectral purity of the colors expressed.

First, the illumination luminous flux is composed of a plurality of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) With different directions, and each of the plurality of components of the diffraction lattice of the hue pixel (Pxy) of the broadly defined hologram (H) , The advantage of diffracting the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Different from that of other components so that there is no overlap in the periodic arrangement direction has been described. Occasionally, the main spectral bands of the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Can be made to differ from each other, and the advantages of such configuration will be described below.
Here, the fact that the main spectral bands are different from each other means that there may be partial overlap when the spectral bands are configured to be different from each other.

In the color image display device having the configurations shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 or the configurations shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1 and Fe2) have the same spectral band because they are twin light fluxes. ..
As an example, the case where the straight line (lxy) passing through the target coordinate point (pxy) and set parallel to the pure purple locus (Lp), which was described with reference to FIG. 8, will be described as an example. In Ls), since the point (a) is always taken from the right side and the point (b) is taken from the left side, among the optical powers of the spectral locus (Ls), the spectral component on the left side of the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1) is It can be seen that the spectral component on the right side is not effectively used in the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe2).
Therefore, the main spectral bands of the individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Are different so that the spectral components that are not effectively used are distributed to the light flux on the side that is effectively used, and the broadly defined hologram (H). ), The components of the diffraction lattice of the hue pixel (Pxy) are configured to have a periodic alignment direction and a spatial alignment period suitable for the spectral band and the incident direction of each of the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...). By doing so, the utilization efficiency of the light source luminous flux can be improved.

The spectrum required as a light source for each of the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) As a form for realizing that the main spectral bands of the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Are different from each other. A form composed of a plurality of things that do not contain much components other than the band, a form in which the light source luminous flux from one light source is divided into individual illumination luminous fluxes by using a filter, or the former and the latter are divided. The form can be combined.

As described above with reference to FIG. 8, the hue to be expressed by the hue pixel (Pxy) of the broad-sense hologram (H) passes through the coordinate point (pxy) occupied in the chromaticity diagram. By selecting monochromatic light having two wavelengths corresponding to the points (a and b) where the straight line (lxy) intersects the spectral locus (Ls), an arbitrary hue can be expressed based on the above-mentioned mixing coordinate law. ..
Therefore, as a form for realizing a form in which the main spectral bands of the plurality of individual illumination light fluxes having different directions are different from each other, the necessary continuous series of visible light emitted from one light source (Ge) is realized. The light in the spectrum band can be divided into a band at an appropriate spectral position and can be a short wavelength side luminous flux composed of a short wavelength side component and a long wavelength side luminous flux composed of a long wavelength side component.

Here, as the spectral position for band division, the required continuous spectral band of visible light is set from 700 nm corresponding to the point (A) to 400 nm corresponding to the point (B) and is located near the center thereof. Choosing from the range of 510 to 530 nm is suitable for expressing any of the above-mentioned hues.
Further, in this embodiment, the components of the diffraction grating of the hue pixel of the broad-sense hologram are set to the periodic alignment direction and the spatial alignment period suitable for the spectral band and the incident direction of each of the individual illumination light fluxes. By configuring it, it is possible to utilize a feature that can increase the utilization efficiency of the light source luminous flux.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention with respect to an example of the illumination optical system (Oe) that realizes the short wavelength side luminous flux and the long wavelength side luminous flux. It will be explained with reference to.
In (a) of this figure, the light source luminous flux (Fg) emitted from the light source (Ge) is converted into a collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) by a collimator lens (Lc) and incident on a wide band polarizing beam splitter (Bp). Will be done.
The polarization beam splitter (Bp) transmits the incident collimated light source light beam (Fc) to a P polarization component, that is, a parallel polarization light (Fp) in which a component parallel to the paper surface is transmitted, and an S polarization component, that is, perpendicular to the paper surface. The component is separated into reflected vertically polarized light (Fs).
The separated parallel polarized light (Fp) and the vertically polarized light (Fs) are reflected by mirrors (M1, M1', M2, respectively).
The luminous flux reflected by the mirrors (M1, M1') is input to the long wavelength passing filter (Bf1), and the short wavelength side light (Fjbp) reflected by the long wavelength passing filter (Bf1) and the long wavelength side light (Fjrp) passing through the short wavelength side light (Fjbp). Is separated into.
Further, the luminous flux reflected by the mirror (M2) is input to the long wavelength passing filter (Bf2), and the short wavelength side light (Fjbs) reflected by the long wavelength passing filter (Bf2) and the long wavelength side light (Fjrs) passing through the light beam are reflected. Is separated into.

The function of the long wavelength passing filter (Bf1, Bf2) as a filter is that when the wavelength of the incident light beam is a short wavelength, the reflection is almost 100% and the transmittance is almost 0%, but the reflectance decreases as the wavelength becomes longer. , The transmittance starts to increase, and at the wavelength of the set spectrum position to divide the band, the reflection becomes about 50% and the transmission becomes about 50%, and when the wavelength becomes longer, the decrease in the reflectance and the increase in the transmittance end. At the above long wavelengths, it is designed to have almost 0% reflection and almost 100% transmission.
At this time, the sharpness of the filter characteristics of the long wavelength passing filter (Bf1, Bf2), that is, the wavelength at which the decrease in reflectance and the increase in transmittance start and the wavelength at which the decrease in reflectance and the increase in transmittance end. In this case, it is desirable that the wavelength difference Δλ is not so sharp, and that the wavelength difference Δλ is, for example, about 5 nm.
The reason is that the reproducibility of the hue having the chromaticity coordinates in the vicinity of the chromaticity coordinates of the monochromatic light corresponding to the spectral position for band division is the broad-sense hologram of the short wavelength side luminous flux and the long wavelength side luminous flux. This is because it becomes sensitive to the adjustment error of the incident angle to (H).

The long wavelength side light (Fjrs), the short wavelength side light (Fjbp), the long wavelength side light (Fjrp), and the short wavelength side light (Fjbs) are reflected by mirrors (M3, M4, M5, M6), respectively. After passing through a wideband 1/2 wavelength plate (Rt1, Rt2, Rt3, Rt4), it is converted into focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) via a condenser lens (Lt1, Lt2, Lt3, Lt4). Will be done.
Focusing spots of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) near the top of each reflecting surface of the pyramid type mirror (Mt4A) (mirror having a square bottom surface and four conical surfaces having a reflecting surface), that is, the light source. By forming a conjugate light source image on the point light source (Ge) and reflecting the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) by the pyramid-shaped mirror (Mt4A), the central axis is perpendicular to the paper surface. It forms divergent light sources (Ft1', Ft2', Ft3', Ft4') that are close to each other in the direction.
This situation is shown in (b) which is a side view of (a) of this figure.

The focused spots of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) are arranged so as to be located on the focal plane of the luminous flux conversion lens (Le), and the divergent luminous flux (Ft1', Ft2', Ft3', Ft4') is arranged. By collectively incident on the luminous flux conversion lens (Le), an illumination luminous flux (Fe) composed of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, Fe3, Fe4), each of which is a parallel luminous flux, is output.
The individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1, Fe3) is a long wavelength side luminous flux, and the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe2, Fe4) is a short wavelength side luminous flux.
By inputting the illumination light flux (Fe) generated in this way as the illumination flux (Fe) of the color image display device of FIG. 11, the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2, Fe3, Fe4) are used. By arranging the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, Eq3, Eq4) generated on the pupil surface (Pq) so as to come to a position ± 45 degrees from the v-axis in anticipation of the center of the pupil (Q). It is the form of FIG. 17, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention.

This is because each of the twin light source images described above is on the opposite side of the pupil (Q), and both of the twin light fluxes are described by one kind of component of the diffraction grating drawn on the hue pixel (Pxy). It is a form formed at a position where it can pass through the pupil (Q).
However, they are arranged relative to each other so that the v-axis in the figure and the direction (V) of the illumination optical system (Oe) match.
The 1/2 wavelength plates (Rt1, Rt2, Rt3, Rt4) have all the polarization directions of the individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, Fe3, Fe4) by appropriately setting the installation angles around the axes. However, the direction required by the broadly defined hologram (H) is aligned.

Needless to say, in the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 16, the position of the focusing spot of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) is that of the luminous flux conversion lens (Le). By arranging it at an appropriate relative position in the direction away from the luminous flux conversion lens (Le) instead of the focal plane, the illumination flux (Fe) is suitable as the illumination flux input to the color image display device of FIG. Can be.

Here, comparing FIG. 4 and FIG. 17, the light source image (Eq1) of FIG. 4 is an all-spectrum light source image for extracting long-wavelength side components, and the light source image (Eq2) is short-wavelength side component extraction. The light source images (Eq1 and Eq3) in FIG. 17 are twin light source images on the long wavelength side, and the light source images (Eq2 and Eq4) are twin light source images on the short wavelength side. The diffraction grids that diffract the individual illumination light beam (Fe1) forming the light source image (Eq1) of 4 toward the inside of the pupil (Q) and whose periodic alignment direction is 45 degrees with the v-axis are always at the same angle. Only, both of the individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe3) forming the light source image (Eq1, Eq3) of FIG. 17 are diffracted toward the inside of the pupil (Q), and the light source image (Eq2) of FIG. 4 is formed. ) Is diffracted toward the inside of the pupil (Q), and the diffraction grid having a periodic alignment direction of 45 degrees with the v-axis always has the same angle as the light source of FIG. Both of the individual illumination light sources (Fe2, Fe4) forming the image (Eq2, Eq4) are diffracted toward the inside of the pupil (Q).
Therefore, it can be seen that the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 16 functions in the same manner as that of FIGS. 2 and 12, and the light utilization efficiency is improved (approximately twice) as compared with them.

In the case of the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 16, the twin luminous fluxes, that is, the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe3) or the individual illumination fluxes (Fe2, Fe4) are on the paper surface of FIG. Since it is inverted around the vertical axis and superimposed on the broadly defined hologram (H), if there is an asymmetry in the brightness distribution of the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc), the function of the integrator is reduced. Have.

Assuming that 518 nm is selected as the wavelength of the spectral position to be band-divided, the light source image (Eq1, Eq3) is in the wavelength range of 700 nm to 518 nm, and the light source image (Eq2, Eq4) is in the wavelength range of 518 nm to 400 nm. When a plurality of light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...) With different wavelengths of hue expression are present on the pupil surface (Pq) as used for the expression of the hue, the above-mentioned The position of the light source image (Eqj) relative to the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc) is determined by the light of the longest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q) among the spectral components contained in the light source image (Eqj). The hue pixel (Pxy) having a spatial alignment period under the condition that the center of the light source image (EqjL) appearing by diffraction-deflecting the formed light source image coincides with the pupil outer circumference (Qc) on the side of the light source image (Eqj). Depending on the diffraction lattice of the above, the light source image (EqjS) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the shortest wavelength component to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is separated from the pupil (Q). An explanation will be given of how to set the installation position having a distance from the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil so as to occur at the above position.

In such a case, the determination may be made independently for each band. Specifically, when determining the installation position of the light source image (Eqj), which is the light source image (Eqj), the above-mentioned The longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) corresponds to 700 nm, and the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) corresponds to 518 nm. The light source image (Eqj) is the light source image (Eq2, Eq4). In determining the installation position of the above, the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) may correspond to 518 nm, and the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) may correspond to 400 nm.
That is, the wavelengths λL and λS appearing in Equations 3 to 11 in the above discussion correspond to the light source images (Eq1, Eq3) as λL = 700 nm and λS = 518 nm, and the light source images (Eq2, Eq4) ) May be associated with λL = 518 nm and λS = 400 nm.
The two light source images (Eq1 and Eq3) or the two light source images (Eq2 and Eq4) have the same hue expression wavelength band, but the hue expression wavelength band is thus different. The determination of the installation position when there are a plurality of the same light source images is as described above.
Further, here, the case where there are two types of hue expression bands has been described, but the same applies to the case where there are three or more types.
By the way, in FIG. 17, the distance from the light source image (Eq1, Eq3) to the pupil outer circumference (Qc) is substantially the same as the distance from the light source image (Eq2, Eq4) to the pupil outer circumference (Qc). Although it is drawn as follows, it may be set differently.

Similarly, a schematic diagram illustrating a further embodiment of the illumination optical system (Oe) that realizes the short wavelength side luminous flux and the long wavelength side luminous flux in a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention. It will be described with reference to a certain FIG.
In (a) of this figure, the light source luminous flux (Fg) emitted from the light source (Ge) is converted into a collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) by a collimator lens (Lc) and then converted into a long wavelength passing filter (Bf). It is separated into long wavelength side light (Fjr) that has been incident and passed through it and short wavelength side light (Fjb) that has been reflected by this.
The separated long wavelength side light (Fjr) is reflected by the mirror (M1) and input to the polarizing beam splitter (Bp1), and the long wavelength side light (Fjr) is transmitted to the P polarization component, that is, parallel to the paper surface. The long wavelength side light (Fjrp) through which the component is transmitted and the S polarization component, that is, the long wavelength side light (Fjrs) in which the component perpendicular to the paper surface is reflected are separated.
Further, the short wavelength side light (Fjb) is reflected by the mirror (M2) and input to the polarizing beam splitter (Bp2), and the short wavelength side light (Fjb) is transmitted to the P polarization component, that is, parallel to the paper surface. The short wavelength side light (Fjbp) through which the component is transmitted is separated into the S polarization component, that is, the short wavelength side light (Fjbbs) in which the component perpendicular to the paper surface is reflected.

The long wavelength side light (Fjrs), the short wavelength side light (Fjbs), the long wavelength side light (Fjrp), and the short wavelength side light (Fjbp) are partially reflected by mirrors (M3, M4). After passing through each of the broadband 1/2 wavelength plates (Rt1, Rt2, Rt3, Rt4), the light is converted into focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) via a condenser lens (Lt1, Lt2, Lt3, Lt4). Will be done.
A quadrangular pyramid mirror (Mt4B) having a shape that is divided into two by cutting a plane containing two ridges facing each other from a solid whose eight pyramid surfaces are reflective surfaces (unnecessary four surfaces without cutting) The focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) is formed in the vicinity of the top of each reflecting surface of the regular octagonal pyramid, leaving the reflecting surface of the above. , Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) is reflected by the quadrangular pyramid mirror (Mt4B) to form a divergent light beam (Ft1 ", Ft2", Ft3 ", Ft4") whose central axis faces the paper surface in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. To do.
This situation is shown in (b) which is a side view of (a) of this figure.
However, in (b), the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) is omitted.

In the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 16 described above, the focusing spots of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) are arranged so as to be located on the focal plane of the luminous flux conversion lens (Le). By incidenting the divergent luminous fluxes (Ft1', Ft2', Ft3', Ft4') onto the luminous flux conversion lens (Le) at once, the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, Fe3), each of which is a parallel luminous flux, , Fe4) was generated, and similarly, the luminous flux conversion lens (Le) is arranged with respect to the divergent luminous flux (Ft1 ″, Ft2 ″, Ft3 ″, Ft4 ″). As a result, individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, Fe3, Fe4) of parallel luminous flux are generated, and an illumination luminous flux (Fe) composed of them can be generated.
By inputting the illumination light flux (Fe) generated in this way as the illumination flux (Fe) of the color image display device of FIG. 11, the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2, Fe3, Fe4) are used. FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram in which the arrangement of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, Eq3, Eq4) generated on the pupil surface (Pq) is a simplified diagram showing one form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention. It becomes a form.

This is because each of the twin light source images is on the same side facing the pupil (Q), and both of the twin luminous fluxes are said to be due to one kind of component of the diffraction grating drawn on the hue pixel (Pxy). It is a form formed at a position where it can pass through the pupil (Q).
However, they are arranged relative to each other so that the v-axis in the figure and the direction (V) of the illumination optical system (Oe) match.
The 1/2 wavelength plates (Rt1, Rt2, Rt3, Rt4) have all the polarization directions of the individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, Fe3, Fe4) by appropriately setting the installation angles around the axes. However, the direction required by the broadly defined hologram (H) is aligned.

Needless to say, in the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 18, the position of the focusing spot of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4) is that of the luminous flux conversion lens (Le). By arranging it at an appropriate relative position in the direction away from the luminous flux conversion lens (Le) instead of the focal plane, the illumination flux (Fe) is suitable as the illumination flux input to the color image display device of FIG. Can be.

Here, comparing FIG. 4 and FIG. 19, the light source image (Eq1) of FIG. 4 is an all-spectrum light source image for extracting long-wavelength side components, and the light source image (Eq2) is short-wavelength side component extraction. The light source images (Eq1 and Eq3) in FIG. 19 are twin light source images on the long wavelength side, and the light source images (Eq2 and Eq4) are twin light source images on the short wavelength side. The diffraction grids that diffract the individual illumination light beam (Fe1) forming the light source image (Eq1) of 4 toward the inside of the pupil (Q) and whose periodic alignment direction is 45 degrees with the v-axis are always at the same angle. Only, both of the individual illumination light sources (Fe1, Fe3) forming the light source image (Eq1, Eq3) of FIG. 19 are diffracted toward the inside of the pupil (Q), and the light source image (Eq2) of FIG. 4 is formed. ) Is diffracted toward the inside of the pupil (Q), and the diffraction grid having a periodic alignment direction of 45 degrees with the v-axis always has the same angle as the light source of FIG. Both of the individual illumination light sources (Fe2, Fe4) forming the image (Eq2, Eq4) are diffracted toward the inside of the pupil (Q).
Therefore, it can be seen that the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 18 functions in the same manner as that of FIGS. 2 and 12, and the light utilization efficiency is improved (approximately twice) as compared with them.

In the case of the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 18, unlike the one of FIG. 16, there is no feature that the twin luminous fluxes are inverted and superposed, but for example, the mirrors (M3 and M4) are used. If the number of reflections is increased by 1 with two sheets each, the function of the integrator can be imparted in the same manner.

16 and 18 illustrate the illumination optical system (Oe) in which the individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Are four, but here, a part of the color image display device of the present invention is illustrated. The illumination optical system (Oe) having eight individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Will be described with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21 which are schematic views showing one embodiment in a simplified manner.
In the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 20, what was the quadrangular pyramid mirror (Mt4B) in the illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. It has been replaced with an octagonal pyramid mirror (Mt8A) made of three-dimensional objects.
However, the side view as shown in FIG. 18B is omitted because it is the same.

Then, after the long wavelength side light (Fjr) is incident on the polarized beam splitter (Bp1), it is separated into the long wavelength side light (Fjrp) and the long wavelength side light (Fjrs), and the focused light (Ft1) is separated. , Ft3), and after the short wavelength side light (Fjb) is incident on the polarizing beam splitter (Bp2), it is separated into the short wavelength side light (Fjbp) and the short wavelength side light (Fjbs). , A further set of portions leading to the focused light (Ft2, Ft4) is added, and the long-wavelength side light (Fir), the polarized beam splitter (Bp3), the long-wavelength side light (Firp), and the long-wavelength side light (Fires) are added, respectively. , And input as short-wavelength side light (Fib), polarized beam splitter (Bp4), short-wavelength side light (Fibp), and short-wavelength side light (Fibs) to the newly created reflecting surface of the octagonal cone mirror (Mt8A). In this way, an illumination optical system that outputs an illumination light beam composed of eight individual illumination light beams is configured.
As described above, the mirror (M3, M4) is divided into mirrors (M3, M3', M4, M4') so that the twin luminous fluxes are inverted and superposed, and the same applies to the added portion. It is composed of mirrors (M5, M5', M6, M6').

However, since the arrangement of the optical elements is crowded, the long wavelength side light (Fjr) and the short wavelength side light (Fjb), and the long wavelength side light (Fir) and the short wavelength side light (Fib) are shown in this figure. It is configured to be generated by an optical system arranged on the back side of the paper surface, and to receive what is input as a light beam from the back side of the paper surface to the front side, which is perpendicular to the paper surface, using mirrors (Mh1, Mh2, Mh3, Mh4). ..
The optical system arranged on the back side of the paper surface of this drawing that generates the luminous flux is as shown in FIG.
The collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) generated by collimating the light source luminous flux (Fg) from the light source (Ge) with the collimator lens (Lc) is a long wavelength side light (Fjr') by a long wavelength passing filter (Bf). And short wavelength side light (Fjb'), and the light source becomes a luminous flux perpendicular to the paper surface by the mirrors (Mh1', Mh2') and is passed to the mirrors (Mh1, Mh2).
Further, the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc') similar to the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) is separated into a long wavelength side light (Fir') and a short wavelength side light (Fib') by a long wavelength passing filter (Bf'). , The light source becomes a light flux perpendicular to the paper surface by the mirrors (Mh3', Mh4') and is passed to the mirrors (Mh3, Mh4).

Here, regarding the generation of the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc'), the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc') may be generated at the same time as the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) by separating it from the original collimated light source luminous flux by a semi-transmissive mirror. A light source different from the light source (Ge) that generates the light source luminous flux (Fc) may be prepared and similarly collimated with a collimator lens to generate the light source.
Further, as will be described later, when the light source (Ge) is a discharge lamp, among the light sources emitted by the light source (Ge) for generating the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc), the light source luminous flux (Fg) There is also a method of generating by using the luminous flux of different solid angle regions.
At this time, in order to further strengthen the function as an integrator, for example, an image rotator may be inserted into the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc') to rotate the luminous flux by 90 degrees around the optical axis.

When the illumination luminous flux (Fe) generated by the illumination optical system of FIG. 20 as described above is input as the illumination flux (Fe) of the color image display device of FIG. 11, the pupil surface (Pq) is obtained by each individual illumination flux. The arrangement of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, Eq3, Eq4, Eq5, Eq6, Eq7, Eq8) generated in) is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention. It has the form shown in FIG. 22.
Here, the light source image (Eq1, Eq3) of the twin light source image and the light source image (Eq5, Eq7) of the twin light source image are due to the long wavelength side light source, and the light source image (Eq2) of the twin light source image. , Eq4) and the light source image (Eq6, Eq8) of the twin light source image are due to the short wavelength side light beam.
As is clear from the explanation given with respect to FIGS. 17 and 19 described above, the illumination optical system described here functions in the same manner as the illumination optical system (Oe) in FIGS. 16 and 18, and is doubled. Since the number of illumination light fluxes is superimposed on the broadly defined hologram (H), the function of the integrator is enhanced.

Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 23, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, the circular pupil (Q) in FIG. 22 is a square or its angle. May be rounded, and this also applies to the pupil (Q) in FIG.

Further, by dividing the opening (Aq) of the opening aperture plate (Sq) into a plurality of partial openings, the pupil is divided into a plurality of partial pupils, and each partial pupil is placed in the vicinity of the outer circumference of the pupil. A light source image of a component not diffracted by the broadly defined hologram (H) may be arranged.
As an example, in FIG. 24, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, the pupil is divided into four and four partial pupils (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) are shown. Indicates what to provide.
In this case, the arrangement of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, Eq3, Eq4, Eq5, Eq6, Eq7, Eq8) is very similar to that of FIGS. 22 and 23, and therefore the optics of FIG. 21 described above. It can be easily realized by making some adjustments based on the system.

As another example, in FIG. 26, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, the pupil is divided into two and two partial pupils (Q1 and Q2) are provided. A light source image (Eq1, Eq2, Eq5, Eq6) is arranged in the vicinity of the partial pupil (Q1), and a light source image (Eq3, Eq4, Eq7, Eq8) is arranged in the vicinity of the partial pupil (Q2). ..
Similar to the case of FIG. 22, the light source image (Eq1, Eq3) of the twin light source image and the light source image (Eq5, Eq7) of the twin light source image are due to the long wavelength side light beam, and are the twin light source images. The light source image (Eq2, Eq4) and the light source image (Eq6, Eq8) of the twin light source image are due to a short wavelength side light beam.
Here, the direction in which the luminous flux forming the light source image arranged in the vicinity of one of the partial pupils (Q1 and Q2) is deflected by the diffraction by the broad-sense hologram (H) (the direction of the alternate long and short dash line in the figure). It is necessary that the other partial pupil is not located on the extension line.

Such an arrangement of the light source image on the pupil surface can be realized by making some modifications based on the optical system shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 above.
First, the arrangement of the mirrors (Mh3, Mh3') and the mirrors (Mh4, Mh4') is changed, and the short wavelength side light (Fjbs) is attached to the condenser lens on which the long wavelength side light (Fjrs) is incident. ), And the long-wavelength side light (Fjrs) is made to enter the condensing lens on which the short-wavelength side light (Fjbs) was incident, so that the mirrors (Mh5, Mh5') and the mirrors (Mh6) are incident. By changing the arrangement of Mh6'), the short wavelength side light (Fibs) is incident on the condenser lens on which the long wavelength side light (Fires) is incident, and the short wavelength side light (Fibs) is incident. The long-wavelength side light (Fires) is incident on the condensing lens.

Next, the octagonal pyramid mirror (Mt8A) is replaced with an eight-sided mirror (Mt8B) shown in FIG. 25, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention.
However, the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4, Ft5, Ft6, Ft7, Ft8) in the figure has a 1/2 wavelength of the luminous flux (Fjrp, Fjbs, Fjrs, Fjbp, Firs, Fibp, Firp, Fibs), respectively. It has passed through the plate and the condenser lens.
The hatched circle drawn on the focused portion of each focused light is a focused spot composed of a light source image conjugate to the point light source of the light source (Ge).
Incidentally, the pyramid type mirror (Mt4A), the quadrangular pyramid mirror (Mt4B), and the octagonal pyramid mirror (Mt8A) shown in FIGS. 16 and 18, respectively, are detailed and difficult to see, but have the same meaning. A circle with a mark is drawn.

Here, each reflecting surface of the eight-sided mirror (Mt8B) reflects each optical axis of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4, Ft5, Ft6, Ft7, Ft8) in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. It is assumed that they are formed at such an angle.
Then, the arrangement of the focusing spots of the focusing light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4, Ft5, Ft6, Ft7, Ft8) is in the vicinity of each reflecting surface of the eight-sided mirror (Mt8B), and is on the front side of the paper surface. It is located on the focal plane of the luminous flux conversion lens (Le) arranged in, and has a similar shape to the mirror image of the arrangement of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, Eq3, Eq4, Eq5, Eq6, Eq7, Eq8) in FIG. It should be adjusted as follows.
However, they are arranged relative to each other so that the v-axis in the figure and the direction (V) in FIG. 25 match.
It should be noted that the mirror image is a view in which FIG. 25 is viewed from the front side in the light traveling direction toward the original side, whereas FIG. 26 is a view viewed from the original side in the light traveling direction toward the front side. This is because it is a figure.

Further, for the sake of simplicity, each reflecting surface of the eight-sided mirror (Mt8B) has each optical axis of the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, Ft3, Ft4, Ft5, Ft6, Ft7, Ft8) on a paper surface. It was assumed that the angle was formed so as to reflect in the vertical direction, but even if it was not vertical, the partial pupils (Q1, Q2) and the light source image (Eq1, Eq2, Eq3) as shown in FIG. 26 resulted. , Eq4, Eq5, Eq6, Eq7, Eq8), other angles (which may differ depending on the light source image) may be used as long as they realize the desired positional relationship.
This situation is the same for the pyramid type mirror (Mt4A), the quadrangular pyramid mirror (Mt4B), and the eight-sided mirror (Mt8B), and as a result, even if the optical axis of the reflected light source is not vertical, each As long as it realizes the desired positional relationship between the pupil (Q) and the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...) As shown in FIGS. 17, 19, and 22, (different for each light source image). Other angles may be used.

Earlier, with reference to FIG. 8, it was explained that it is easy and advantageous for the straight line (lxy) to be parallel to the pure purple locus (Lp) regardless of the position of the coordinate point (pxy). did.
As an example of realizing this, the illumination optical system (Oe) shown in FIG. 16 or FIG. 18 has a structure for generating an illumination light flux composed of the short wavelength side luminous flux and the long wavelength side luminous flux. It is particularly suitable to apply to.
At that time, the wavelength of the spectrum position for band division is the wavelength corresponding to the point where the straight line parallel to the pure purple locus (Lp) contacts at the top of the inverted U-shaped spectral locus in the chromaticity diagram. That is, it is preferable to select about 518 nm.

Then, by a method of applying the above-mentioned computer hologram technique, a method of not applying the above-mentioned computer hologram technique, or the like, the hue pixels of the broad-sense hologram (H) are imposed on the hue pixels (Pxy). Two chromatic coordinates defined by hue pass through coordinate points (pxy) located on the chromatic diagram, and a straight line (lxy) parallel to the pure purple locus (Lp) intersects the spectral locus (Ls). The broadly defined hologram is a diffraction grating in which components having a spatial alignment period and direction are superposed so as to be realized by additive color mixing of two types of monochromatic light having hues corresponding to the coordinates of points (a and b). The color image display device of the present invention can be configured by drawing in H).

As the light source (Ge), any light source having a continuous spectrum that covers the color components appearing in the chromaticity diagram region to be displayed by a single light source or a combination of a plurality of light sources can be applied.
For example, xenon discharge lamps, incandescent lamps, discharge excitation fluorescent lamps, semiconductor light source excitation fluorescent lamps, and the like can be used.
However, if the emission spectrum of the light emitting element contains remarkable protrusions or strong emission lines, it is preferable to flatten it with a filter.

As is clear from the above description, the three-dimensional angle (direction unit vector) of the light beam when it is emitted from the illumination luminous flux (Fe) and reaches the hue pixel (Pxy) is determined for each hue pixel (Pxy). (When the illumination luminous flux (Fe) is the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...), Each of them must be determined), and in order to realize this, the light source (Ge) must be determined. It must be close to a point light source (or parallel luminous flux: a point light source at infinity), but the xenon discharge lamp described above is suitable because it has a strong point light source property and its emission spectrum is close to that of sunlight.
In the case of a surface-emitting light source such as a fluorescent lamp, the light source (Ge) may be provided with a field aperture so as to select and use the light generated in a narrow region, and also has a point light source property. In order to increase the effect, it is effective to focus the output luminous flux from the light source with a lens or the like and use the light passing through the opening (pinhole) provided at the focusing point as the light source luminous flux (spatial filter).

The state when the xenon discharge lamp is used as the light source (Ge) is as shown in FIG. 27, which is a schematic diagram showing, for example, a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention.
A lamp driver circuit (Gdr) is connected to the cathode (E1) and the anode (E2), a high-voltage pulse is applied by the igniter built into the lamp driver circuit (Gdr), dielectric breakdown occurs in the discharge space, discharge is started, and discharge is constantly performed. The discharge is maintained by controlling the flow of the specified DC current.
The light source light beam (Fg) is emitted from the discharge plasma formed between the cathode (E1) and the anode (E2), and the portion emitted rearward is arranged so that the position of the center of curvature coincides with the discharge plasma. It is returned to the discharge plasma by the concave reflector (Ms), and together with the amount emitted forward, it faces the concave reflector (Ms) with the discharge plasma in between, and the position of the focal point coincides with the discharge plasma. By collimating with a collimator lens (Lc) arranged so as to be used, the light beam is converted into a collimated light source light beam (Fc) emitted in the direction of the optical axis (z).
The collimator lens (Lc) in this figure exemplifies a collimator lens (achromatic) collimated by a plano-convex lens after reducing the spreading angle of a luminous flux by an aplanatic lens composed of two stages.

By the way, since the spread angle of the light source luminous flux (Fg) that is effectively used is usually smaller than 90 degrees, it is a view seen from the electrode axis direction of the lamp, and is a part of the color image display device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 28, which is a schematic diagram showing one form in a simplified manner, a concave reflector (Ms) and a collimator lens (Lc) similar to a set consisting of the concave reflector (Ms) and the collimator lens (Lc) for one lamp. A pair consisting of Ms') and a collimator lens (Lc') can be further arranged along an optical axis (z') different from the optical axis (z), thereby causing the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc). At the same time, it is possible to generate a collimated light source luminous flux (Fc') by collimating the light source luminous flux (Fg') in a stereoscopic angle region different from the light source luminous flux (Fg), and it is possible to improve the light utilization efficiency. ..
The collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) and the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc') of the optical system of FIG. 21 described above are preferably generated by this method.

Using the collimator lens of FIGS. 27 and 28 as a simple one, a low-quality collimator light source luminous flux is once generated, and then the above-mentioned spatial filter is applied to the collimator light source luminous flux to generate a high-quality collimator light source luminous flux. It can also be configured.
In that case, for example, as shown in FIG. 29, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, the collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) is once used by a pinhole illumination lens (La1). The light is focused and arranged so that the pinhole (Ap) of the pinhole plate (Sp) matches the focused spot portion (Is), that is, the conjugate image of the discharge plasma, and diverges from the pinhole (Ap). The incoming light may be recollimated by a second collimator lens (La2) to obtain an improved collimated light source luminous flux (Fc ").
Incidentally, when this is done, the reflecting surfaces of the triangular prism mirror (Mt2), the pyramid type mirror (Mt4A), the quadrangular pyramid mirror (Mt4B), the octagonal pyramid mirror (Mt8A), and the eight-sided mirror (Mt8B). The focusing spots formed in the vicinity and the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Formed on the pupil surface (Pq) are all conjugate images of the pinholes (Ap).

In the case of the color image display device of the present invention in which the broadly defined hologram (H) is configured by a spatial light modulator, the color image display device of FIG. 11 described above is shown in FIGS. 12 or 16, 18, 18 and 20. 21. The illumination optical system (Oe) of FIG. 25 is mounted, and the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Of FIG. 4 or FIG. 17, FIG. 19, FIG. 22, FIG. 26 are displayed on the pupil surface (Pq). By adopting the forming configuration, the periodic arrangement direction of the two-component diffraction grating formed by superimposing on the hue pixel (Pxy) is the position of the hue pixel (Pxy) on the broad hologram (H). Regardless, it is particularly advantageous to always make them orthogonal.
In that case (and including the case of forming the light source image of FIG. 13 or 14), the modulation pixels of the spatial light modulator, that is, the pixels as the minimum unit of spatial light modulation, are arranged at equal pitches in two directions, vertical and horizontal. As a result, the spatial light modulator is arranged so that the periodic arrangement direction of each component and the arrangement direction of the (for example, vertical) modulation pixels of the spatial light modulator form an angle of 45 degrees.

The reason why this configuration is advantageous is that, assuming a situation in which the spatial light modulator functions as an element expressing a density grid, the pixel arrangement is such that bright and dark pixels are arranged every other vertically and horizontally. This is because the arrangement of the checkered patterns, that is, the arrangement of the checkered patterns, expresses the shortest spatial arrangement period.
If the periodic arrangement direction of each component of the diffraction grating and the arrangement direction of the modulation pixels of the spatial light modulator are the same, the shortest spatial arrangement period is, for example, a bright line in which bright pixels are connected in the vertical direction. The dark lines in which dark pixels are connected in the vertical direction are arranged in a striped pattern in which they are arranged alternately in the horizontal direction. However, this spatial arrangement period is different from that in the case of the checkered pattern arrangement described above. It will be double the square root of 2.

Here, the above-mentioned case where the hue pixel is not always a rectangle such as a square and the size on the screen is not always uniform is related to the technique of the color image display device of the present invention. This will be described with reference to FIG. 30, which is a schematic diagram of the concept of
In order to make the explanation easier to understand, the periodic arrangement direction of the two-component diffraction grating described immediately before is the spatial light modulator formed by superimposing the hologram (H) in the broad sense on the hue pixel (Pxy). Regardless of the position of the hue pixel (Pxy) on the broad hologram (H), it is configured to always be orthogonal, and the angle formed by the periodic arrangement direction of the diffraction grating and the arrangement direction of the modulation pixels of the spatial light modulator is It is assumed that the temperature is 45 degrees, but of course, the technique described here can be applied to other cases as well.
The straight lines of 45 degrees rising to the right and 45 degrees falling to the right in the figure symbolically represent the diffraction grating formed in the hue pixel (Pxy) (for example, assuming that the diffraction grating is a density grating, the density is highest. It should be understood that it represents a high place).

In FIG. 30, (a) is a square, which has been assumed so far, and when the size in the screen is uniform, (b) is not necessarily a rectangle such as a square, and the screen. It represents the state of arrangement of hue pixels (Pxy) when the size is not always uniform within.
Now, in the pattern of the image to be displayed as the output image (Dc), there is a boundary as shown by the thick alternate long and short dash line in (b) of the figure, that is, the pattern boundary line, and on the left and right of the boundary line. , Suppose that the brightness and color of the image are changing.
However, for the sake of simplicity, the brightness and color of the image differ between the left and right of the pattern boundary, but the brightness and color of the image are uniform on the left of the pattern boundary, and the brightness and color of the image on the right of the pattern boundary. Is uniform.

Focusing on (a) in the figure, the alternate long and short dash line represents the boundary of the hue pixel (Pxy) (hence, 4 × 4 = 16 hue pixels are drawn), and the hue pixel (Pxy) is square. Since the size on the screen is uniform, the above-mentioned pattern boundary line is expressed as shown by a stepped thick one-dot chain line.
In the case of such an image representation method, particularly when the broad-sense hologram (H) is a spatial light modulator, the hue pixel (Pxy) is formed by a region consisting of a plurality of modulation pixels of the spatial light modulator. Since one of the above must be formed, there is a problem that the minimum unit of the pattern expression becomes coarse and the output image looks like a mosaic.
Naturally, in an image region where there is no pattern boundary and the brightness and color of the image are smoothly changing, such a problem does not occur, and the size applicable in such a case, that is, the output image (Dc) The hue pixel (Pxy) having a size capable of achieving the required resolution with respect to)) will be referred to as a basic hue pixel.
It can be said that (a) in the figure is the result of simply changing the basic hue pixel to the hue pixel (Pxy) without paying attention to the existence of the pattern boundary.

In order to solve the problem that the output image looks like a mosaic, when the pattern boundary of the image to be displayed as the output image (Dc) exists in the basic hue pixel, the basic hue is the pattern boundary line. By dividing the pixels so that the pattern boundary line becomes the boundary between adjacent hue pixels, the shape of the boundary of the hue pixels becomes the output image (Dc) as shown in (b) of the figure. It can be adapted to match the pattern of the image to be displayed.
In (b), the fact that the pattern boundary line is the boundary between the hue pixels can be read by the fact that the spatial alignment period of the left half and the right half of the diffraction grating changes with the pattern boundary line as the boundary.
At this time, for example, when focusing on the basic hue pixels in the third column (Jx) from the left and the second row (Jy) from the top, the small triangular portion on the left side of the pattern boundary line is the basic hue pixel on the left. It may be combined with one hue pixel to form one hue pixel, and the relatively large trapezoidal portion on the right side of the pattern boundary line may be combined with the basic hue pixel on the right side of the relatively large trapezoidal portion. It may be combined into one hue pixel, and in fact, the dotted line in the figure represents a portion that is no longer the boundary of the hue pixels due to the coalescence processing described above.
The pattern boundary line in (b) of the figure should also be drawn in a staircase pattern (mosaic pattern) according to the size of the modulation pixel of the spatial light modulator, but this is a stepped pattern with basic hue pixels. It should be understood that the figure omits the trouble of drawing in that way because it is finer than the conversion (the same applies to the 45-degree line symbolically representing the diffraction grating described above).

By the way, the resolution of human vision on image recognition is high for a positional change in the brightness of an image, but low for a positional change in color. Therefore, the processing related to the pattern boundary described above is an image. It may be applied only to the brightness information of.
For such a pattern boundary extraction process, a technique (for example, Laplacian operation) used in contour extraction / contour enhancement in the field of general image processing can be used.

In the above, the case where the color image display device of the present invention is configured has been described on the assumption that a diffraction grating having a plurality of components is formed on the spatial light modulator mainly by using one spatial light modulator.
In a projector using a normal RGB LCOS, LCD, DMD, etc., three of these spatial optical modulators are used, and images generated individually for R, G, and B are superimposed using a dichroic mirror, and each color is used. By accurately superimposing the corresponding pixels of the image, the additive color mixing for each pixel is realized, and it is usually completed as one color image.
In the present invention, the same thing can be done by using a plurality of spatial light modulators.
That is, color mixing is realized by forming a diffraction grating in which each component of the diffraction grating is superimposed on the hue pixel (Pxy) of the spatial light modulator which is the broad hologram (H). Instead, a plurality of spatial light modulators as the broad-sense holograms (H) are provided, and each component of the diffraction grating is divided into one component and formed on each of the broad-sense holograms (H). The diffractive light beams (Fd) formed by diffracting the illumination light beam (Fe) by each of the broad definition holograms (H) are superposed using a dichroic mirror, and the corresponding hue pixels of the broad definition holograms (H) are superposed. By accurately superimposing (Pxy), the color mixing may be realized.
In this case, it is not necessary to care about the above-mentioned condition that the periodic arrangement direction of each component of the diffraction grating is close to orthogonal from the viewpoint of non-linearity of concentration.

So far, assuming that the spatial light modulator as the broad hologram (H) is a polarization-operated modulator such as an LCD or LCOS, the illumination luminous flux (Fe) has been increased from the viewpoint of improving light utilization efficiency. The configuration including the twin light flux has been specifically described.
However, the color image display device does not project onto the screen which is the imaging surface (Sf), but uses, for example, an eyepiece or an eyepiece as described above, and particularly improves the efficiency of light utilization. If it is not required, or if the spatial light modulator as the broadly defined hologram (H) is not a polarization controlled modulator, the illumination optical system (Oe) needs to be configured such that the illumination flux (Fe) includes a twin luminous flux. There is no.
In such a case, the illumination optical system (Oe) shown in FIG. 31, which is a schematic diagram showing a simplified form of a part of the color image display device of the present invention, can be used.

The illumination optical system of this figure is similar in overall form to that of FIG. 2, but the arranged optical elements are different.
The light source luminous flux (Fg) emitted from the same light source (Ge) as that of FIG. 2 is converted into a collimated light source luminous flux (Fc) by the collimator lens (Lc) and incident on the long wavelength passing filter (Bf).
The long wavelength passing filter (Bf) is a long wavelength side light (Fjr) in which a component having a wavelength of 518 nm or longer is transmitted through the incident light beam (Fc) of the collimated light source, and a component having a wavelength of 518 nm or shorter. Separates from the reflected short wavelength side light (Fjb).
The separated long-wavelength side light (Fjr) and the short-wavelength side light (Fjb) are reflected by mirrors (M1 and M2), respectively, and each light flux is converted by using a condenser lens (Lt1, Lt2). Converts to focused light (Ft1, Ft2).
Hereinafter, as in FIG. 2, the focused light (Ft1, Ft2) is an illumination flux (Fe) composed of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2) via a triangular column mirror (Mt2) and a luminous flux conversion lens (Le). Is converted to and emitted from the illumination optical system (Oe) to illuminate the broad-sense hologram (H) as shown in FIG.
At that time, the appearance of the pupil surface (Pq) is the same as that in FIG. 4, but in this case, the light source image (Eq1) is in the band of 700 nm to 518 nm, and the light source image (Eq2) is in the band of 518 nm to 400 nm, for example. Each is used for the expression of hue.

In addition, in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 12, FIG. 16, FIG. 18, FIG. 20, FIG. 25, FIG. 31, etc. referred to in the above description, from the plurality of individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2, ...) In order to form the illumination light beam (Fe), the triangular pillar mirror (Mt2), the knife edge mirror (Mt1), the pyramid type mirror (Mt4A), the tetragonal cone mirror (Mt4B), and the octagonal cone mirror (Mt8A). ), An optical system using a mirror element such as the 8-sided mirror (Mt8B) has been exemplified, but a dichroic filter such as the long wavelength passing filter (Bf), a polarizing beam splitter (Bp), and the like. An optical system may be configured using a polarizing beam splitter.

The present invention will be supplemented slightly.
In the present specification, a method of creating a diffraction grating of the broadly defined hologram (H) will be described mainly by calculation using the chromaticity coordinates x and y of the XYZ color system and the concept of the chromaticity diagram based on the chromaticity coordinates x and y. However, the color system applicable to the present invention is not limited to this, and is also effective when other color systems are used.
For example, the L * u * v * color system obtained by converting x and y into coordinates, as well as the L * a * b * color system, Munsell color system, PCCS (Nippon Color Research Institute color system), etc. Color schemes are also applicable.

Further, needless to say, the chromaticity diagram displayed by the color image display device of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned XYZ color system, and the u', v'color pattern of the L * u * v * color system. (Broad color chart), L * a * b * color system, Mansell color system, PCCS, Ostwald color system, ABC tone system (Japan Paint Industry Association standard color), NCS (Natural color system) It can also be applied to color patterns such as RGB, color wheel, and the like.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in an industry for designing and manufacturing a color image display device capable of expressing colors that cannot be expressed by a technique for expressing hue by adding or reducing colors of three primary colors using sRGB or a laser light source. is there.

A Point a Point a "Point Ap Pinhole Aq Opening B Point b Point b" Point Bf Long-wave light source filter Bf'Long-wave light source filter Bf1 Long-wave light source filter Bf2 Long-wave light source filter Bp Polarized beam splitter Bp1 Polarized beam splitter Bp2 Polarized Beam Splitter Bp3 Polarized Beam Splitter Bp4 Polarized Beam Splitter BpCn Polarized Beam Splitter Prism c Point c ”Point Ci Colored Area Cx Non-Colored Area D Axis d1 Propagation Direction Optical Axis d2 Propagation Direction Optical Axis Dc Output Image Dq1 Direction Dq2 Direction E1 Cathode E2 Anox Eq1 Light source image Eq2 Light source image Eq3 Light source image Eq4 Light source image Eq5 Light source image Eq6 Light source image Eq7 Light source image Eq8 Light source image Eqj Light source image Eqjc Outer peripheral part EqjL Light source image EqjS Light source image EqjSc Outer peripheral part Fc Collimated light source Fc Collimated light source light source Fd Diffraction light source Fe Illumination light source Fe1 Individual illumination light beam Fe2 Individual illumination light beam Fe3 Individual illumination light beam Fe4 Individual illumination light source Fen Illumination light Fg Light source light source Fg'Light source light source Fi Incident light Fib Short wavelength side light Fib' Short wavelength side light Fibp Short-wavelength side light Fibs Short-wavelength side light Fir Long-wavelength side light Fir'Long-wavelength side light Firp Long-wavelength side light Firs Long-wavelength side light Fjb Short-wavelength side light Fjb' Short-wavelength side light Fjbp Short-wavelength side light Fjbs Short wavelength Side light Fjr Long wavelength side light Fjr'Long wavelength side light Fjrp Long wavelength side light Fjrs Long wavelength side light Fo Transmitted light Fp Parallel polarization light Fq Eye-passing light source F Reflected light fr1 Interference fringe fr2 Interference fringe Fs Vertical polarization light Ft1 Focused light Ft1'Different light source Ft1 "Different light source Ft2 Focused light Ft2' Divided light source Ft2" Divided light source Ft3 Focused light Ft3'Different light source Ft3 "Different light source Ft4 Focused light Ft4'Different light source Ft4" Diffused light source Ft5 Focused light Ft6 Ft8 Focused light Gdr Lamp driver circuit Ge Light source H Broadly defined hologram Is Condensing spot part Jx 3rd column Jy 2nd row La1 Pinhole illumination lens La2 2nd collimator lens Lc collimator lens Lc'collimeter lens Le luminous conversion lens Lf Fourier conversion lens Lp Pure purple locus Ls Spectral locus Lt1 Condensing lens Lt2 Condensing lens Lt3 Condensing lens Lt4 Condensing lens lxy Straight line lxy'Line M1 Mirror M1'Mirror M2 Mi Ra M3 Mirror M3'Mirror M4 Mirror M4' Mirror M5 Mirror M5'Mirror M6 Mirror M6' Mirror Mh1 Mirror Mh1' Mirror Mh2 Mirror Mh2' Mirror Mh3 Mirror Mh3'Mirror Mh4 Mirror Mh4' Mirror Mh5 Mirror Mh6 Mirror Mirror Mrn LCOS
Ms Concave Reflector Ms'Concave Reflector Mt1 Knife Edge Mirror Mt2 Triangular Prism Mirror Mt4A Pyramid Mirror Mt4B 4 Side Mirror Mirror Mt8A 8 Side Mirror Mt8B 8 Side Mirror Mtn LCD
Oe Illumination Optical System Of Imaging Optical System Ofn Projection Lens Pd Input Image Pq Eye Surface Pxy Hua Pixy Pxy Coordinate Point Q Eye Q1 Partial Eye Q2 Partial Eye Q3 Partial Eye Q4 Partial Eye Qc Eye Outer Rt1 1/2 Wave Plate Rt2 1 / 2 wave plate Rt3 1/2 wave plate Rt4 1/2 wave plate sB chromaticity coordinates Sf imaging surface Sfn screen sG chromaticity coordinates Sp pinhole plate Sq opening aperture plate sR chromaticity coordinates Tf triangular Ua detector Up polarization Child V direction W optical axis w optical axis wf1 wave surface wf2 wave surface z optical axis z'optical axis

Claims (19)

A color image display device for displaying a colored output image (Dc) using light from a light source (Ge) having a continuous spectrum.
With the light source (Ge)
A broad hologram (H) which is an input image with respect to the output image (Dc) and
It has an illumination optical system (Oe) for illuminating the broadly defined hologram (H) with an illumination luminous flux (Fe) under specified conditions formed from light emitted from the light source (Ge).
The illumination luminous flux (Fe) includes one or a plurality of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) In different directions.
The pupil (Q) for selecting an effective light component from the diffracted luminous flux (Fd) formed by diffracting the illumination luminous flux (Fe) by the broad definition hologram (H) is the broad definition hologram (H). It is set to the specified relative position with respect to
The output image (Dc) conjugate to the broad hologram (H) is formed by the luminous flux passing through the pupil (Fq) that has passed through the pupil (Q).
The relative relationship between the illumination luminous flux (Fe) and the pupil (Q) is defined so that the component of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) that is not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) is not mixed in the output image (Dc). Ori,
In the broadly defined hologram (H), hue pixels (Pxy) that are distributed in at least two dimensions within the colored region of the input image are set, and the hue imposed on each of the hue pixels (Pxy) is the hue pixel. The spatial alignment period and the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2,) as realized by the additive color mixing of the pupil passing light beam (Fq) originating from the hue pixel (Pxy) so that each (Pxy) is expressed. A diffractive lattice in which each component of the diffractive lattice having the periodic arrangement direction corresponding to the direction of (...) and the diffractive intensity is superimposed is formed on the entire hue pixel (Pxy).
The broadly defined hologram (H) is a spatial light modulator having two-dimensionally distributed modulation pixels and modulating the output intensity of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) for each modulation pixel.
The component of the illumination light source (Fe) that was not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) is located in the vicinity of the pupil outer periphery (Qc) on the plane conjugate with the pupil (Q), and the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...) A light source image (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Corresponding to each is formed, and for each of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...), the light source image (Eqj) is relative to the pupil outer circumference (Qc). The installation position is
Power density distribution of the light source image (EqjL) in which the light source image formed by the light of the component having the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) among the spectral components contained in the light source image (Eqj) is diffraction-deflected and appears. Depending on the diffraction grid of the hue pixel (Pxy) having a spatial alignment period under the condition that the center of gravity of the light source image (Eqj) coincides with the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil, it should be taken out by the pupil (Q). The distance from the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc) such that the light source image (EqjS) that appears by diffraction-deflecting the light source image formed by the light of the component having the shortest wavelength is generated at a position separated from the pupil (Q). A color image display device characterized by having an installation position having a light source. A color image display device for displaying a colored output image (Dc) using light from a light source (Ge) having a continuous spectrum.
With the light source (Ge)
A broad hologram (H) which is an input image with respect to the output image (Dc) and
It has an illumination optical system (Oe) for illuminating the broadly defined hologram (H) with an illumination luminous flux (Fe) under specified conditions formed from light emitted from the light source (Ge).
The illumination luminous flux (Fe) includes one or a plurality of individual illumination fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) In different directions.
The pupil (Q) for selecting an effective light component from the diffracted luminous flux (Fd) formed by diffracting the illumination luminous flux (Fe) by the broad definition hologram (H) is the broad definition hologram (H). It is set to the specified relative position with respect to
The output image (Dc) conjugate to the broad hologram (H) is formed by the luminous flux passing through the pupil (Fq) that has passed through the pupil (Q).
The relative relationship between the illumination luminous flux (Fe) and the pupil (Q) is defined so that the component of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) that is not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) is not mixed in the output image (Dc). Ori,
In the broadly defined hologram (H), hue pixels (Pxy) that are distributed in at least two dimensions within the colored region of the input image are set, and the hue imposed on each of the hue pixels (Pxy) is the hue pixel. The spatial alignment period and the individual illumination light beams (Fe1, Fe2,) as realized by the additive color mixing of the pupil passing light beam (Fq) originating from the hue pixel (Pxy) so that each (Pxy) is expressed. A diffractive lattice in which each component of the diffractive lattice having the periodic arrangement direction corresponding to the direction of (...) and the diffractive intensity is superimposed is formed on the entire hue pixel (Pxy).
The broadly defined hologram (H) is a spatial light modulator having two-dimensionally distributed modulation pixels and modulating the output intensity of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) for each modulation pixel.
The component of the illumination light source (Fe) that was not diffracted by the broad hologram (H) is located in the vicinity of the pupil outer periphery (Qc) on the plane conjugate with the pupil (Q), and the individual illumination flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...) A light source image (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Corresponding to each is formed, and for each of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...), the light source image (Eqj) is relative to the pupil outer circumference (Qc). The installation position is
Of the spectral components included in the light source image (Eqj), the longest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is λL, the shortest wavelength to be extracted by the pupil (Q) is λS, and the broadly defined hologram (H). The light source image (Qc) of the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc), where d is the dimension of the light source image (Eqj) measured in the direction in which the individual illumination luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Are deflected by the diffraction grid drawn above. The individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1, Fe2) by the diffraction grid drawn on the broad-sense hologram (H) from the portion facing the Eqj) to the portion facing the outer periphery (Qc) of the pupil of the light source image (Eqj). The distance Δo measured in the direction in which (,…) is deflected is the following equation Δo ≧ (d / 2) / (λL / λS − 1).
A color image display device characterized by an installation position that satisfies the above conditions. The broadly defined hologram (H) is a modulation type spatial light modulator that outputs the polarization direction of the illumination luminous flux (Fe) by rotating it around the traveling direction of light for each modulation pixel. Item 2. The color image display device according to any one of Items 1 or 2. Two luminous fluxes generated from a part or all of the light from the light source (Ge), which are separated into two components of light having different polarization directions by a polarizing beam splitter. The polarization directions of both of the two light fluxes are adjusted so as to be suitable for the illumination of the spatial light modulator which is the broadly defined hologram (H), and the two light fluxes have the same spectral band. The color image display device according to claim 3, wherein the illumination luminous flux (Fe) includes a twin luminous flux that is a pair of luminous fluxes. When the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Is generated, the focused light (Ft1, Ft2, ...) whose polarization direction is adjusted so as to be the polarization direction suitable for the illumination of the spatial light modulator, which is the source of the generation. ), By arranging the focusing spots formed by each of the focusing lights near the edge of the mirror surface for reflecting each of the focusing lights, the divergence sources are close to each other and overlap in the distance. The color image display device according to claim 3, wherein the individual illumination luminous flux (Fe1, Fe2, ...) Is generated after generating the luminous flux (Ft1', Ft2', ...). Of the light source images (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Formed near the outer periphery of the pupil (Qc), each of the twin light source images that are a pair of the light source images formed by the twin luminous flux is the pupil (Q). A claim characterized in that both of the twin light fluxes are formed at positions where they can pass through the pupil (Q) by one kind of component of the diffraction grating drawn on the hue pixel (Pxy) on the opposite side of the Item 4. The color image display device according to item 4. The sixth aspect of claim 6, wherein each of the twin light source images is formed on the same side facing the pupil (Q) instead of being formed on the opposite side of the pupil (Q). Color image display device. Regarding the plurality of individual illumination light fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) With different directions, in the view that those having the twin light fluxes are regarded as one light flux by equating the twin light fluxes with each other. The color image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the main spectral bands of the individual illumination luminous fluxes are different from each other. Regarding the plurality of individual luminous fluxes (Fe1, Fe2, ...) With different directions, in the view that those having the twin luminous fluxes are regarded as one luminous flux by equating the twin luminous fluxes with each other. The individual illumination luminous flux is a short wavelength side luminous flux composed of a short wavelength side component and a long wavelength side luminous flux composed of a long wavelength side component obtained by dividing the light emitted from one light source (Ge) by a spectrum band. 8. The color image display device according to claim 8. In the hue pixel (Pxy) of the broadly defined hologram (H), the chromaticity coordinates defined by the hue imposed on the hue pixel pass through the coordinate point (pxy) located on the chromaticity diagram, and the pure purple locus A straight line (lxy) parallel to (Lp) is realized by additive color mixing of two types of monochromatic light having a hue corresponding to the coordinates of two points (a, b) intersecting the spectral locus (Ls). The color image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a diffraction lattice is formed in which components having a spatial arrangement period and a direction are superposed. It is characterized by further having an imaging optical system (Of) that forms a conjugate image of the broad-sense hologram (H) to form the output image (Dc) when the pupil passing luminous flux (Fq) is incident. The color image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The color image display device according to claim 11, further comprising an aperture aperture plate (Sq) having an aperture (Aq) for forming the pupil (Q). The twelfth aspect of claim 12, wherein the illumination luminous flux (Fe) is a parallel luminous flux, and the pupil (Q) with respect to the diffracted luminous flux (Fd) diffracted by the broadly defined hologram (H) is at infinity. Color image display device. The illumination light flux (Fe) includes two types of individual illumination light fluxes having different directions, and the broad-sense hologram (H) is a spatial light modulator in which modulation pixels are arranged at equal pitches in two directions, vertical and horizontal. The diffraction grating formed on the broadly defined hologram (H) is composed of two components, the periodic arrangement directions of the components of the diffraction grating are orthogonal to each other, and the periodic arrangement direction of each component of the diffraction grating and the spatial light. The color image display device according to claim 13, wherein the angle formed by the modulation pixel alignment direction of the modulator is 45 degrees. Claims 1 to 7, wherein the boundary of the hue pixel (Pxy) with an adjacent hue pixel is set to a shape that matches the pattern of the image to be displayed as the output image (Dc). The color image display device according to any one. Instead of realizing color mixing by forming a diffraction grating in which each component of the diffraction grating is superposed on the hue pixel (Pxy) of the broad-sense hologram (H), the broad-sense hologram ( A plurality of H) are provided, each component of the diffraction grating is formed in each of the broad-sense holograms (H), and the illumination light beam (Fe) is formed by being diffracted by each of the broad-sense holograms (H). The color image display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the color mixing is realized by superimposing the diffraction gratings (Fd). The invention according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pupil is divided into a plurality of partial pupils, and a light source image (Eq1, Eq2, ...) Is formed in the vicinity of the outer periphery of each partial pupil. Color image display device. The light source (Ge) is a discharge lamp that forms a discharge plasma and emits light. The concave reflector (Ms) arranged so that the position of the center of curvature coincides with the discharge plasma, and the concave reflection across the discharge plasma. The color image according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a collimator lens (Lc) facing the mirror (Ms) and arranged so that the position of the focal point coincides with the discharge plasma. Display device. The color image display device according to claim 13, wherein a plurality of sets including the concave reflector (Ms) and the collimator lens (Lc) are arranged for one of the light sources (Ge). ..

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