JP2021010951A - Main spindle device for composite processing machine - Google Patents

Main spindle device for composite processing machine Download PDF

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JP2021010951A
JP2021010951A JP2019124681A JP2019124681A JP2021010951A JP 2021010951 A JP2021010951 A JP 2021010951A JP 2019124681 A JP2019124681 A JP 2019124681A JP 2019124681 A JP2019124681 A JP 2019124681A JP 2021010951 A JP2021010951 A JP 2021010951A
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spindle
gear
main spindle
ball bearing
thrust
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JP7317598B2 (en
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健司 大仲
Kenji Onaka
健司 大仲
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Okuma Corp
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Okuma Corp
Okuma Machinery Works Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a main spindle device for a smaller composite processing machine that does not involve a roller bearing by reducing a load occurring on an angular ball bearing when a main spindle is fixed using a gear during lathe processing of the composite processing machine.SOLUTION: A main spindle device M for a composite processing machine includes a main spindle 1 rotatably supported by at least an angular ball bearing 2, two movable gears 3,4 arranged in axial symmetry across a rotary shaft of the main spindle 1 and movable vertically to the rotary shaft of the main spindle 1, and a gear 1a that rotates together with the main spindle 1. The main spindle device M applies thrust A required for fixing rotation of the main spindle 1 to the movable gears 3, 4 multiple times in a divided fashion when the rotation of the main spindle 1 is fixed by meshing of the movable gears 3,4 and the gear 1a during use of a lathe tool.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、工具交換可能な複合加工機の主軸を、旋削工具使用時に主軸を割り出して固定する複合加工機の主軸装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a spindle device of a multi-tasking machine that determines and fixes the spindle of a multi-tasking machine with interchangeable tools when a turning tool is used.

複合加工機では、主軸にエンドミル・フライスのような回転工具と、回転しない旋削工具（例えば、バイト）とを交換可能に取り付け、マシニングセンタ及び旋盤の工程を１台で加工可能にしている。回転工具使用時には、主軸に取り付けられたモータによって主軸を回転駆動し、マシニングセンタの主軸の役割を果たす。一方、旋盤加工時には、主軸をある角度に割り出して固定し、旋盤の刃物台として作用させる。この時、主軸の回転を拘束し、切削力で当該主軸が回転しないように旋削工具を固定する必要があり、主軸にテーパリングを押し付けて固定する方法（特許文献１）や端面に歯車を設けた複数のギアカップリングを用いて主軸を固定する方法（特許文献２）が取られている。 In the multi-tasking machine, a rotary tool such as an end mill and a milling cutter and a non-rotating turning tool (for example, a tool bit) are interchangeably attached to the spindle so that the machining center and lathe processes can be machined by one machine. When a rotary tool is used, the spindle is driven to rotate by a motor attached to the spindle and serves as the spindle of the machining center. On the other hand, during lathe machining, the spindle is indexed and fixed at a certain angle to act as a lathe tool post. At this time, it is necessary to restrain the rotation of the spindle and fix the turning tool so that the spindle does not rotate due to the cutting force. A method of pressing the taper ring against the spindle to fix it (Patent Document 1) or providing a gear on the end face A method of fixing the spindle by using a plurality of gear couplings (Patent Document 2) has been adopted.

特開平８−２５１０７号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-25107 特開昭６１−１６４７４２号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-164742

しかし、特にギアによる主軸回転の固定の場合、切削力に耐えるように主軸の回転を固定するには、強い力で主軸半径方向に移動ギアを主軸が有する回転ギアに押し付ける必要がある。この時、移動ギアは一定の推力を与えられて、主軸半径方向両側から回転ギアに押し付けられるが、部品精度や組立精度等のばらつきによって、移動ギアと回転ギアとの噛合う瞬間が主軸ギアの両側でずれる可能性がある。そして、ギア同士の噛合うタイミングがずれた場合、移動ギアに与えられた主軸半径方向の推力が、主軸を通してアンギュラ玉軸受に半径方向負荷として働き、アンギュラ玉軸受に生じる半径方向の負荷が、アンギュラ玉軸受の静定格荷重を超えると、アンギュラ玉軸受を損傷させ、軸受の寿命を著しく低下させる原因になる。そこで従来は、アンギュラ玉軸受に負荷を伝えないように、半径方向負荷に強いころ軸受を追加することで対応しているが、ころ軸受を追加することで主軸全長が長くなり、機内空間に対する加工可能な領域の減少及び主軸動作時に機内で干渉する可能性の増加が問題となる。加えて、ころ軸受を追加することで、主軸の高速回転に不利になるといった問題もある。 However, especially in the case of fixing the rotation of the spindle by the gear, in order to fix the rotation of the spindle so as to withstand the cutting force, it is necessary to press the moving gear in the radial direction of the spindle against the rotary gear of the spindle with a strong force. At this time, a constant thrust is applied to the moving gear and it is pressed against the rotating gear from both sides in the radial direction of the spindle. However, due to variations in component accuracy and assembly accuracy, the moment when the moving gear and the rotating gear mesh with each other is the moment when the spindle gear engages. There is a possibility of shifting on both sides. When the meshing timing of the gears deviates, the radial thrust of the spindle applied to the moving gear acts as a radial load on the angular contact ball bearing through the spindle, and the radial load generated on the angular contact ball bearing is angular. If the static rated load of the ball bearing is exceeded, the angular contact ball bearing will be damaged and the life of the bearing will be significantly shortened. Therefore, in the past, it was supported by adding roller bearings that are strong against radial loads so that the load would not be transmitted to the angular contact ball bearings, but by adding roller bearings, the total length of the spindle becomes longer, and processing for the space inside the machine The problem is the reduction of possible areas and the increase in the possibility of interference in the cabin during spindle operation. In addition, the addition of roller bearings has the problem of being disadvantageous for high-speed rotation of the spindle.

そこで、本発明の目的は、複合加工機の旋削加工時にギアを用いて主軸を固定する時、アンギュラ玉軸受に発生する負荷を低減させることで、ころ軸受を使用しない、より小型な複合加工機の主軸装置を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to reduce the load generated on the angular contact ball bearing when the spindle is fixed by using a gear during turning of the multi-tasking machine, so that a smaller multi-tasking machine that does not use a roller bearing is used. Is to provide the spindle device of.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載の発明は、少なくともアンギュラ玉軸受で回転可能に支持された主軸と、主軸回転軸を挟んで軸対称に配置され、主軸回転軸に対して垂直に移動可能な複数の移動ギアと、主軸とともに回転する回転ギアとを備えた、工具交換可能な複合加工機の主軸装置であって、旋削工具使用時に、移動ギアと回転ギアとを噛合せて主軸の回転を固定する際、主軸の回転を固定するために必要な推力を複数回に分割して移動ギアに与えることを特徴とする。
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１の構成において、移動ギアに複数回に分割して与える推力は、分割される推力により移動ギア及び主軸を介してアンギュラ玉軸受に加わる負荷が、アンギュラ玉軸受の静定格荷重未満となるように設定されることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is arranged axially symmetrically with at least a spindle rotatably supported by an angular ball bearing and a spindle rotation axis, and is perpendicular to the spindle rotation axis. It is a spindle device of a tool-replaceable multi-tasking machine equipped with a plurality of moving gears that can be moved to and a rotary gear that rotates together with the spindle. When a turning tool is used, the moving gear and the rotary gear are engaged with each other. When fixing the rotation of the spindle, it is characterized in that the thrust required for fixing the rotation of the spindle is divided into a plurality of times and applied to the moving gear.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, the thrust applied to the moving gear by dividing it into a plurality of times is such that the load applied to the angular contact ball bearing via the moving gear and the spindle by the divided thrust is angular. It is characterized in that it is set so as to be less than the static rated load of the ball bearing.

請求項１に記載の発明によれば、主軸の回転固定動作時に、アンギュラ玉軸受へ大きな負荷を伝えないため、ころ軸受を使用する必要が無くなり、主軸全長の短縮による加工領域、動作可能範囲の拡大、装置の小型化が可能になる。また、回転工具使用時に、より高回転での運用が可能になる。
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、請求項１に記載の効果に加え、主軸の回転固定動作時に、アンギュラ玉軸受を損傷する恐れが無くなり、アンギュラ玉軸受の寿命を延ばすことができる。 According to the invention of claim 1, since a large load is not transmitted to the angular contact ball bearing during the rotational fixing operation of the spindle, it is not necessary to use the roller bearing, and the machining area and the operable range by shortening the total length of the spindle can be obtained. Expansion and miniaturization of the device become possible. In addition, when using a rotary tool, it is possible to operate at a higher rotation speed.
According to the second aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect according to the first aspect, there is no risk of damaging the angular contact ball bearing during the rotational fixing operation of the spindle, and the life of the angular contact ball bearing can be extended.

本発明の固定方法が適用された主軸の一例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the spindle to which the fixing method of this invention was applied. 本発明の固定動作でギアに与える推力の設定方法のイメージ図である。It is an image figure of the setting method of the thrust applied to a gear by a fixed operation of this invention.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
なお、複合加工機には、旋盤をベースとしたものと、マシニングセンタをベースとしたものとがあるが、旋盤をベースとした複合加工機の刃物台に取り付けられた主軸と、マシニングセンタをベースとした複合加工機の主軸とは、ほぼ同じ構成であるため、以降、旋盤をベースとした複合加工機の主軸装置について説明する。
工具交換可能な複合加工機の主軸装置Ｍにおいて、図１に示すように、アンギュラ玉軸受２を含む複数の軸受で回転可能に支持された主軸１は、外周上に回転ギアとしての歯車１ａを有し、フランジ６がハウジング５に取り付けられ、フランジ６内に主軸１の半径方向にのみ移動可能な移動ギア３，４が挿入されている。主軸１の歯車１ａと移動ギア３，４とは、互いに噛合う大きさのギアとなっており、主軸１回転軸周りに対称な位置、ここでは、それぞれ向かい合わせになるよう配置されている。また、移動ギア４は、主軸１に対し、移動ギア３の反対側の位相に配置される。当該複合加工機の回転工具使用時は、主軸１が有する歯車１ａと移動ギア３，４とが離れる事で、主軸１が回転可能となる。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
There are two types of multi-tasking machines, one based on a lathe and the other based on a machining center. The spindle attached to the tool post of the multi-tasking machine based on a lathe and the machining center are used as the base. Since the spindle of the multi-tasking machine has almost the same configuration, the spindle device of the multi-tasking machine based on a lathe will be described below.
In the spindle device M of the tool-replaceable multi-tasking machine, as shown in FIG. 1, the spindle 1 rotatably supported by a plurality of bearings including the angular ball bearing 2 has a gear 1a as a rotary gear on the outer circumference. The flange 6 is attached to the housing 5, and the moving gears 3 and 4 that can move only in the radial direction of the spindle 1 are inserted into the flange 6. The gear 1a of the spindle 1 and the moving gears 3 and 4 are gears having a size of meshing with each other, and are arranged at symmetrical positions around the spindle 1 rotation axis, so as to face each other here. Further, the moving gear 4 is arranged in a phase opposite to the main shaft 1 on the opposite side of the moving gear 3. When the rotary tool of the multi-tasking machine is used, the spindle 1 can rotate by separating the gear 1a of the spindle 1 from the moving gears 3 and 4.

続いて、旋削工具使用時の主軸１の回転固定動作について、順を追って説明する。
主軸１が、図示しない位置検出器によって所定の角度に割り出され停止した後に、一定の推力を与えられた移動ギア３，４が、図１の点線矢印で示したように、主軸１の半径方向に沿って、主軸１へ向かって移動し、主軸１の歯車１ａと噛合う。この時、移動ギア３，４は、フランジ６を通してハウジング５に支えられることで、主軸１の回転方向への移動が固定されているため、主軸１の歯車１ａと移動ギア３，４が噛合うことにより、主軸１の回転が固定される。 Subsequently, the rotation fixing operation of the spindle 1 when the turning tool is used will be described step by step.
After the spindle 1 is determined at a predetermined angle by a position detector (not shown) and stopped, the moving gears 3 and 4 to which a constant thrust is applied are the radii of the spindle 1 as shown by the dotted arrows in FIG. It moves toward the spindle 1 along the direction and meshes with the gear 1a of the spindle 1. At this time, since the moving gears 3 and 4 are supported by the housing 5 through the flange 6 to fix the movement of the spindle 1 in the rotational direction, the gears 1a of the spindle 1 and the moving gears 3 and 4 mesh with each other. As a result, the rotation of the spindle 1 is fixed.

次に、移動ギア３，４に与える推力の設定について説明する。
一定の推力を与えられて移動した移動ギア３，４は、主軸１の歯車１ａと噛合う。この時、移動ギア３，４と歯車１ａとの噛合うタイミングが移動ギア３と移動ギア４とで同時の場合、主軸１では半径方向の力がつりあい、半径方向への変位は生じない。しかし実際には、部品のばらつきや、組立のばらつき、それぞれの移動ギア３，４に推力が加わるタイミングのずれ等の様々な要因で、移動ギア３，４と歯車１ａとが噛合うタイミングは異なる可能性が高い。移動ギア３，４と歯車１ａとの噛合うタイミングがずれた場合、移動ギア３，４に与えられている推力は、主軸１を通してアンギュラ玉軸受２に負荷を与える可能性がある。従って、この負荷がアンギュラ玉軸受２の静定格荷重を超えないよう、移動ギア３，４に与える推力を設定する必要がある。 Next, the setting of the thrust applied to the moving gears 3 and 4 will be described.
The moving gears 3 and 4 that have been moved by being given a constant thrust mesh with the gear 1a of the spindle 1. At this time, when the timing of meshing between the moving gears 3 and 4 and the gear 1a is the same for the moving gear 3 and the moving gear 4, the radial forces are balanced on the spindle 1, and the displacement in the radial direction does not occur. However, in reality, the timing at which the moving gears 3 and 4 and the gear 1a mesh with each other is different due to various factors such as variations in parts, variations in assembly, and deviations in the timing at which thrust is applied to the moving gears 3 and 4. Probability is high. When the timing of meshing between the moving gears 3 and 4 and the gear 1a is deviated, the thrust applied to the moving gears 3 and 4 may apply a load to the angular contact ball bearing 2 through the spindle 1. Therefore, it is necessary to set the thrust applied to the moving gears 3 and 4 so that this load does not exceed the static rated load of the angular contact ball bearing 2.

主軸１の回転を固定するために移動ギア３，４を主軸１の半径方向に移動させる際、図２に示すように、まず、移動ギア３，４には、移動ギア３、４が主軸１の回転を固定するために必要とする推力Ａよりも小さな推力Ｂを与える。前述のように、移動ギア３，４に与えられた推力は、主軸１を通してアンギュラ玉軸受２に負荷を与える可能性があるため、推力Ｂによって発生すると想定される負荷がアンギュラ玉軸受２の静定格荷重未満となるように、推力Ｂを設定する。推力Ｂを与えられた移動ギア３，４が歯車１ａに噛合い、主軸１の半径方向の力が釣り合った後、さらに移動ギア３，４に与える推力をＢだけ増加させる。このように、移動ギア３，４に与える推力の増加を繰返し、最終的に、移動ギア３，４は主軸１の回転を固定するために必要な推力Ａを得る。
このようにして、移動ギア３，４に主軸１の回転を固定するために必要な推力Ａを与えた場合、移動ギア３，４が噛合うタイミングがずれた場合であっても、アンギュラ玉軸受２を損傷させる恐れなしに、主軸１の固定動作を行うことが可能になり、主軸１半径方向の負荷を受けるためのころ軸受を用いる必要が無くなる。 When moving the moving gears 3 and 4 in the radial direction of the spindle 1 to fix the rotation of the spindle 1, first, as shown in FIG. 2, the moving gears 3 and 4 have the moving gears 3 and 4 as the spindle 1. Gives a thrust B smaller than the thrust A required to fix the rotation of. As described above, the thrust applied to the moving gears 3 and 4 may apply a load to the angular contact ball bearing 2 through the spindle 1, so that the load assumed to be generated by the thrust B is static of the angular contact ball bearing 2. The thrust B is set so that it is less than the rated load. After the moving gears 3 and 4 given the thrust B mesh with the gear 1a and the radial forces of the spindle 1 are balanced, the thrust given to the moving gears 3 and 4 is further increased by B. In this way, the thrust applied to the moving gears 3 and 4 is repeatedly increased, and finally, the moving gears 3 and 4 obtain the thrust A necessary for fixing the rotation of the spindle 1.
In this way, when the thrust force A required to fix the rotation of the spindle 1 is applied to the moving gears 3 and 4, even if the timing at which the moving gears 3 and 4 mesh with each other is deviated, the angular contact ball bearing It becomes possible to perform the fixing operation of the spindle 1 without fear of damaging the spindle 1, and it is not necessary to use a roller bearing for receiving a load in the radial direction of the spindle 1.

上記形態の複合加工機の主軸装置Ｍは、少なくともアンギュラ玉軸受２で回転可能に支持された主軸１と、主軸１の回転軸を挟んで反対位相に配置され、主軸１の回転軸に対して垂直に移動可能な２つの移動ギア３，４と、主軸１とともに回転する歯車１ａとを備え、旋削工具使用時に、移動ギア３，４と歯車１ａとを噛合せて主軸１の回転を固定する際、主軸１の回転を固定するために必要な推力Ａを複数回に分割して移動ギア３，４に与える。
このような構成の複合加工機の主軸装置Ｍによれば、主軸１の回転固定動作時に、アンギュラ玉軸受２へ大きな負荷を伝えないため、ころ軸受を使用する必要が無くなり、主軸１の全長の短縮による加工領域、動作可能範囲の拡大、装置の小型化が可能になる。また、回転工具使用時に、より高回転での運用が可能になる。 The spindle device M of the multi-tasking machine of the above embodiment is arranged in opposite phases with the spindle 1 rotatably supported by at least the angular ball bearing 2 and the rotary shaft of the spindle 1 in between, with respect to the rotary shaft of the spindle 1. It is provided with two vertically movable moving gears 3 and 4 and a gear 1a that rotates together with the main shaft 1. When a turning tool is used, the moving gears 3 and 4 and the gear 1a are engaged to fix the rotation of the main shaft 1. At this time, the thrust A required to fix the rotation of the spindle 1 is divided into a plurality of times and applied to the moving gears 3 and 4.
According to the spindle device M of the multi-tasking machine having such a configuration, when the spindle 1 is rotated and fixed, a large load is not transmitted to the angular contact ball bearing 2, so that it is not necessary to use a roller bearing, and the total length of the spindle 1 is increased. By shortening the processing area, the range of operation can be expanded, and the size of the device can be reduced. In addition, when using a rotary tool, it is possible to operate at a higher rotation speed.

また、移動ギア３，４に複数回に分割して与える推力Ｂは、分割される推力Ｂにより移動ギア３，４及び主軸１を介してアンギュラ玉軸受２に加わる負荷が、アンギュラ玉軸受２の静定格荷重未満となるように設定される。
よって、主軸１の回転固定動作時に、アンギュラ玉軸受２を損傷する恐れが無くなり、アンギュラ玉軸受の寿命を延ばすことができる。 Further, the thrust B applied to the moving gears 3 and 4 in a plurality of times is such that the load applied to the angular contact ball bearing 2 via the moving gears 3 and 4 and the spindle 1 by the divided thrust B is applied to the angular contact ball bearing 2. It is set so that it is less than the static rated load.
Therefore, there is no possibility of damaging the angular contact ball bearing 2 during the rotational fixing operation of the spindle 1, and the life of the angular contact ball bearing can be extended.

以上は、本発明を図示例に基づいて説明したものであり、その技術範囲はこれに限定されるものではない。例えば、回転ギアは主軸１に直接形成せずに、別体として主軸に取り付けても良い。また、移動ギアに与える推力は、毎回同じ推力ずつ増加させる必要は無く、アンギュラ玉軸受に伝わる負荷が静定格荷重未満となるのであれば、推力の増加量は可変としても良い。 The above is a description of the present invention based on the illustrated examples, and the technical scope thereof is not limited thereto. For example, the rotary gear may not be formed directly on the spindle 1 but may be attached to the spindle as a separate body. Further, the thrust applied to the moving gear does not need to be increased by the same thrust each time, and the amount of increase in the thrust may be variable as long as the load transmitted to the angular contact ball bearing is less than the static rated load.

Ｍ・・複合加工機の主軸装置、１・・主軸、２・・アンギュラ玉軸受、３，４・・ギア、５・・ハウジング、６・・カラー、７・・フタ、８・・フランジ、９・・フタ。 M ... Spindle of multi-tasking machine, 1 ... Main shaft, 2 ... Angular contact ball bearing, 3,4 ... Gear, 5 ... Housing, 6 ... Collar, 7 ... Lid, 8 ... Flange, 9 ··lid.

Claims (2)

少なくともアンギュラ玉軸受で回転可能に支持された主軸と、前記主軸の回転軸を挟んで軸対称に配置され、前記主軸の回転軸に対して垂直に移動可能な複数の移動ギアと、前記主軸とともに回転する回転ギアとを備えた、工具交換可能な複合加工機の主軸装置であって、
旋削工具使用時に、前記移動ギアと前記回転ギアとを噛合せて前記主軸の回転を固定する際、前記主軸の回転を固定するために必要な推力を複数回に分割して前記移動ギアに与えることを特徴とする複合加工機の主軸装置。
Along with at least a spindle rotatably supported by an angular ball bearing, a plurality of moving gears arranged symmetrically with respect to the spindle of the spindle and movable perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spindle, and the spindle. It is a spindle device of a multi-tasking machine with interchangeable tools equipped with a rotating rotary gear.
When using a turning tool, when the moving gear and the rotating gear are engaged to fix the rotation of the spindle, the thrust required to fix the rotation of the spindle is divided into a plurality of times and applied to the moving gear. The spindle device of a multi-tasking machine characterized by this.
 前記移動ギアに複数回に分割して与える前記推力は、分割される推力により前記移動ギア及び前記主軸を介して前記アンギュラ玉軸受に加わる負荷が、前記アンギュラ玉軸受の静定格荷重未満となるように設定されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の複合加工機の主軸装置。 The thrust applied to the moving gear in a plurality of times is such that the load applied to the angular contact ball bearing via the moving gear and the spindle due to the divided thrust is less than the static rated load of the angular contact ball bearing. The spindle device of the multi-tasking machine according to claim 1, wherein the spindle device is set to 1.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115502425A (en) * 2022-09-29 2022-12-23 巨冈精工(广东)股份有限公司 Locking device of five-axis swing head spindle head
CN115502425B (en) * 2022-09-29 2023-07-28 巨冈精工(广东)股份有限公司 Locking device for five-axis swing head main shaft head

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