JP2021006062A - Pretreatment method of environmental water sample, pretreatment agent for environmental water sample and estimation method of amount of biota or organisms - Google Patents

Pretreatment method of environmental water sample, pretreatment agent for environmental water sample and estimation method of amount of biota or organisms Download PDF

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JP2021006062A
JP2021006062A JP2020176034A JP2020176034A JP2021006062A JP 2021006062 A JP2021006062 A JP 2021006062A JP 2020176034 A JP2020176034 A JP 2020176034A JP 2020176034 A JP2020176034 A JP 2020176034A JP 2021006062 A JP2021006062 A JP 2021006062A
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water sample
environmental water
nucleic acid
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昭宏 近藤
Akihiro Kondo
昭宏 近藤
裕樹 山中
Hiroki Yamanaka
裕樹 山中
利文 源
Toshifumi Hajime
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潤一 松浦
Junichi Matsuura
潤一 松浦
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HIYOSHI KK
Kobe University NUC
Ryukoku University
Hiyoshi KK
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HIYOSHI KK
Kobe University NUC
Ryukoku University
Hiyoshi KK
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Abstract

To provide a technique for suppressing degradation of the nucleic acids included in an environmental water sample which is subjected to an environmental DNA analysis.SOLUTION: The present invention provides a pretreatment method of an environmental water sample for estimating the amount of biota or a particular organism in the place where the environmental water sample is collected, by analyzing the nucleic acids included in the environmental water sample collected from a given environment, the method being characterized by contacting the environmental water sample before subjected to a nucleic acid analysis to an antiseptic which contains a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient. As quaternary ammonium salts, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and didecyl chloride dimethylammonium are illustrated.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、環境水試料の前処理方法、環境水試料の前処理剤、並びに、生物相又は生物の量の推定方法に関する。本発明は、環境DNA分析による生物相又は生物の量の推定に有用なものである。 The present invention relates to a pretreatment method for an environmental water sample, a pretreatment agent for an environmental water sample, and a method for estimating a biota or an amount of an organism. The present invention is useful for estimating the biota or the amount of organisms by environmental DNA analysis.

近年、環境中に存在するDNA(環境DNA)を分析することにより、当該環境における生物種の特定等を行う「環境DNA分析」が注目されている。環境DNAは、生物が環境中に放出したDNAで主に構成されている。 In recent years, "environmental DNA analysis" that identifies a species in the environment by analyzing DNA (environmental DNA) existing in the environment has attracted attention. Environmental DNA is mainly composed of DNA released by an organism into the environment.

河川や湖沼等の環境から採取した水試料(環境水試料)を環境DNA分析に供することにより、当該環境における生物種の生息分布を把握できる技術が開発されている。この技術によれば、生物個体の捕獲や目視をすることなく、当該環境における生物の生息分布を把握することができる。
例えば、非特許文献1には、環境DNA分析によって魚類相解析を行うことができる技術が記載されている。また非特許文献2には、ため池から採取した環境水試料に含まれる環境DNAを分析することにより、外来魚の侵入や存在を簡単かつ迅速に調べることができる技術が記載されている。さらに非特許文献3には、環境水試料に含まれる環境DNAを分析することにより、生物の量を推定できることが記載されている。
By using water samples (environmental water samples) collected from the environment such as rivers and lakes for environmental DNA analysis, a technique has been developed that can grasp the habitat distribution of species in the environment. According to this technique, it is possible to grasp the habitat distribution of an organism in the environment without capturing or visually observing the individual organism.
For example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes a technique capable of performing fish fauna analysis by environmental DNA analysis. Further, Non-Patent Document 2 describes a technique capable of easily and quickly investigating the invasion and existence of foreign fish by analyzing the environmental DNA contained in the environmental water sample collected from the pond. Further, Non-Patent Document 3 describes that the amount of organisms can be estimated by analyzing the environmental DNA contained in the environmental water sample.

非特許文献1〜3に記載の技術では、環境水試料をフィルターろ過して得られた固形物(捕捉物)から核酸を抽出し、この核酸と生物種特異的プライマーを用いてポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)を行う。そして、増幅産物の有無又は量を指標として、当該環境における生物相の推定あるいは特定の生物の量の推定を行う。 In the techniques described in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3, nucleic acid is extracted from a solid substance (capture) obtained by filtering an environmental water sample, and a polymerase chain reaction (polymerase chain reaction) is performed using this nucleic acid and a species-specific primer. PCR) is performed. Then, using the presence or absence or amount of the amplified product as an index, the biota in the environment is estimated or the amount of a specific organism is estimated.

Minamoto T., Yamanaka H., Takahara T., Honjo M. N., Kawabata Z. (2012) "Surveillance of fish species composition using environmental DNA" Limnology 13(2), 193-197Minamoto T., Yamanaka H., Takahara T., Honjo M.N., Kawabata Z. (2012) "Surveillance of fish species composition using environmental DNA" Limnology 13 (2), 193-197 Takahara T., Minamoto T., Doi H. (2013) "Using environmental DNA to estimate the distribution of an invasive fish species in ponds" PLOS ONE. 8(2): e56584Takahara T., Minamoto T., Doi H. (2013) "Using environmental DNA to estimate the distribution of an invasive fish species in ponds" PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e56584 Takahara T., Minamoto T., Yamanaka H., Doi H., Kawabata Z. (2012) "Estimation of fish biomass using environmental DNA" PLOS ONE, 7 (4), e35868Takahara T., Minamoto T., Yamanaka H., Doi H., Kawabata Z. (2012) "Estimation of fish biomass using environmental DNA" PLOS ONE, 7 (4), e35868

一般に、環境DNA分析において環境水試料の分析を行う場合には、採取した試料を試験室に移送する必要がある。そのため、試料採取から分析開始まで数時間から数日かかることもあり、移送中の試料の保存管理方法が問題となる。すなわち、環境水試料には自然界由来の夾雑物が多く含まれているので、時間の経過とともに核酸分解酵素による核酸の分解が起こるおそれがある。核酸の分解が移送中にどの程度起こるのかは定かでないが、核酸の分解が環境DNA分析の精度と感度に影響を与える可能性は否定できない。したがって、環境DNA分析においては、試料採取から分析開始までの間に、環境水試料に含まれる核酸の分解を如何にして抑えるかが1つの課題となる。 In general, when analyzing an environmental water sample in environmental DNA analysis, it is necessary to transfer the collected sample to a laboratory. Therefore, it may take several hours to several days from sampling to the start of analysis, and the method of storing and managing the sample during transfer becomes a problem. That is, since the environmental water sample contains a large amount of impurities derived from the natural world, the nucleic acid may be decomposed by the nucleic acid degrading enzyme with the passage of time. It is unclear to what extent nucleic acid degradation will occur during transfer, but it cannot be ruled out that nucleic acid degradation may affect the accuracy and sensitivity of environmental DNA analysis. Therefore, in environmental DNA analysis, one issue is how to suppress the decomposition of nucleic acids contained in the environmental water sample from the sampling to the start of the analysis.

一般に、液体試料に含まれる核酸の分解を抑えるための方策として、液体試料を冷蔵保存又は冷凍保存することが挙げられる。例えば、環境DNA分析の分野では、環境水試料を採取後すみやかに冷蔵することが挙げられる。冷蔵することにより、核酸分解酵素の活性抑制が期待される。しかし、この方策では採取場所に保冷剤等を持ち込む必要があり、操作が煩雑である。別の方策として、環境水試料を採取後ただちにフィルターろ過し、当該フィルターを冷凍することが挙げられる。しかし、この方策では、ドライアイス等の保冷剤に加えてフィルターろ過装置を採取現場に持ち込む必要があり、操作がさらに煩雑となる。 In general, as a measure for suppressing the decomposition of nucleic acids contained in a liquid sample, refrigerating or freezing the liquid sample can be mentioned. For example, in the field of environmental DNA analysis, it is possible to promptly refrigerate an environmental water sample after collecting it. Refrigeration is expected to suppress the activity of nucleolytic enzymes. However, with this measure, it is necessary to bring an ice pack or the like to the collection place, which makes the operation complicated. Another measure is to filter the environmental water sample immediately after collecting it and freeze the filter. However, in this measure, it is necessary to bring a filter filtration device to the collection site in addition to a cold insulator such as dry ice, which further complicates the operation.

そこで本発明は、環境DNA分析によって生物相の推定又は特定の生物の量の推定するにあたり、環境水試料に含まれる核酸の分解を抑えるための新しい技術を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a new technique for suppressing the decomposition of nucleic acids contained in an environmental water sample in estimating the biota or the amount of a specific organism by environmental DNA analysis.

本発明者らは、4級アンモニウム塩を必須成分とする組成物、具体的には4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤で環境水試料を予め処理することにより、環境水試料に含まれる核酸の保存安定性が向上し、上記課題を解決できることを見出した。詳細には、通常は固体の消毒対象物に噴霧あるいは塗布し、あるいは固体の消毒対象物を浸漬させて使用される前記消毒剤を、分析対象である環境水試料に直接適用することにより、環境水試料に含まれる核酸の分解が抑えられ、環境水試料の長時間保存が可能となることを見出した。さらに、当該処理を行うことにより、環境DNA分析の感度と精度が格段に向上することを見出した。 The present inventors include an environmental water sample by pre-treating the environmental water sample with a composition containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an essential component, specifically, a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient. It has been found that the storage stability of nucleic acid is improved and the above-mentioned problems can be solved. Specifically, the disinfectant, which is usually sprayed or applied to a solid object to be disinfected, or immersed in a solid object to be disinfected, is applied directly to the environmental water sample to be analyzed to create an environment. It has been found that the decomposition of nucleic acids contained in water samples is suppressed and that environmental water samples can be stored for a long time. Furthermore, it was found that the sensitivity and accuracy of the environmental DNA analysis are remarkably improved by performing the treatment.

本発明の1つの様相は、所定の環境から採取された環境水試料に含まれる核酸を分析することにより、前記環境水試料の採取場所における生物相又は特定の生物の量を推定するための環境水試料の前処理方法であって、核酸の分析に供する前の前記環境水試料を、4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤に接触させることを特徴とする環境水試料の前処理方法である。 One aspect of the present invention is an environment for estimating the biological phase or the amount of a specific organism at the place where the environmental water sample is collected by analyzing the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample collected from a predetermined environment. A pretreatment method for an environmental water sample, which comprises contacting the environmental water sample before being subjected to nucleic acid analysis with a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient. is there.

本様相は環境水試料の前処理方法に係るものである。本様相では、核酸の分析に供する前の前記環境水試料を、4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤に接触させる。例えば、所定の環境から採取した直後の環境水試料に、4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤を添加する。本様相の環境水試料の前処理方法によれば、環境水試料に含まれる核酸の分解が抑えられる。そのため、試料採取から核酸分析開始までの時間が長時間となっても、分析の精度や感度への影響が最小限に抑えられる。また、本様相の環境水試料の前処理方法は、環境水試料を上記消毒剤に接触させる(例えば、上記消毒剤を添加する)だけの簡単な構成からなるので、特別の機器類を必要とすることもなく、操作が容易である。 This aspect relates to a pretreatment method for environmental water samples. In this aspect, the environmental water sample before being subjected to nucleic acid analysis is contacted with a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient. For example, a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient is added to an environmental water sample immediately after being collected from a predetermined environment. According to the pretreatment method of the environmental water sample of this aspect, the decomposition of the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample is suppressed. Therefore, even if the time from sampling to the start of nucleic acid analysis is long, the influence on the accuracy and sensitivity of the analysis can be minimized. In addition, the pretreatment method for the environmental water sample of this aspect has a simple structure in which the environmental water sample is brought into contact with the disinfectant (for example, the disinfectant is added), so that special equipment is required. It is easy to operate without doing anything.

好ましくは、前記消毒剤は、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、及び塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウムからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を有効成分とするものである。 Preferably, the disinfectant contains at least one selected from the group consisting of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and didecyldimethylammonium chloride as an active ingredient.

好ましくは、前記環境水に前記消毒剤を添加する。 Preferably, the disinfectant is added to the environmental water.

好ましくは、前記核酸の分析は、前記核酸を核酸増幅反応に供し、その増幅産物の有無又は量を指標とするものである。 Preferably, the analysis of the nucleic acid is such that the nucleic acid is subjected to a nucleic acid amplification reaction and the presence or absence or amount of the amplification product is used as an index.

好ましくは、前記生物は、魚類又は両生類である。 Preferably, the organism is a fish or amphibian.

本発明の他の様相は、核酸の分析に供する前の前記環境水試料に接触させるものであり、4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤を含有することを特徴とする環境水試料の前処理剤である。 Another aspect of the present invention is to contact the environmental water sample before it is subjected to nucleic acid analysis, and before the environmental water sample, which contains a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient. It is a treatment agent.

本様相は環境水試料の前処理剤に係るものである。本様相の前処理剤は、4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤を含有する。本発明の前処理剤を、核酸の分析に供する前の環境水試料(例えば、採取直後の環境水試料)に接触させる(例えば、添加する)ことにより、環境水試料に含まれる核酸の分解が抑えられる。そのため、試料採取から核酸分析開始までの時間が長時間となっても、分析の精度や感度への影響が最小限に抑えられる。また、本様相の前処理剤を用いれば、環境水試料に接触させる(例えば、添加する)だけで核酸の分解が抑えられるので、操作が容易である。 This aspect relates to a pretreatment agent for environmental water samples. The pretreatment agent of this aspect contains a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient. By contacting (for example, adding) the pretreatment agent of the present invention with an environmental water sample (for example, an environmental water sample immediately after collection) before being subjected to nucleic acid analysis, the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample can be decomposed. It can be suppressed. Therefore, even if the time from sampling to the start of nucleic acid analysis is long, the influence on the accuracy and sensitivity of the analysis can be minimized. Further, if the pretreatment agent of this aspect is used, the decomposition of nucleic acid can be suppressed only by contacting (for example, adding) the environmental water sample, so that the operation is easy.

好ましくは、前記消毒剤は、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、及び塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウムからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を有効成分とするものである。 Preferably, the disinfectant contains at least one selected from the group consisting of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and didecyldimethylammonium chloride as an active ingredient.

好ましくは、前記核酸の分析は、前記核酸を核酸増幅反応に供し、その増幅産物の有無又は量を指標とするものである。 Preferably, the analysis of the nucleic acid is such that the nucleic acid is subjected to a nucleic acid amplification reaction and the presence or absence or amount of the amplification product is used as an index.

本発明の他の様相は、所定の環境から採取され且つ上記の方法によって前処理された環境水試料に含まれる核酸を分析することにより、前記環境水試料の採取場所における生物相又は特定の生物の量を推定することを特徴とする生物相又は生物の量の推定方法である。 Another aspect of the invention is the biota or specific organism at the site of collection of the environmental water sample by analyzing the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample collected from a given environment and pretreated by the method described above. It is a method for estimating the amount of biota or organism, which is characterized by estimating the amount of.

本様相は、生物相又は生物の量の推定方法に係るものである。本様相の生物相又は生物の量の推定方法では、4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤で処理された環境水試料を用い、環境水試料に含まれる核酸を分析する。本様相の生物相又は生物の量の推定方法では、前処理によって核酸の分解が抑えられた環境水試料を用いるので、より高い精度と感度をもって生物相又は生物の量の推定を行うことができる。 This aspect relates to a method for estimating the biota or the amount of organisms. In the method for estimating the biota or the amount of organisms in this aspect, nucleic acids contained in the environmental water sample are analyzed using an environmental water sample treated with a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient. In the method for estimating the amount of biota or organism in this aspect, an environmental water sample in which the decomposition of nucleic acid is suppressed by pretreatment is used, so that the amount of biota or organism can be estimated with higher accuracy and sensitivity. ..

好ましくは、前記核酸の分析は、前記核酸を核酸増幅反応に供し、その増幅産物の有無又は量を指標とするものである。 Preferably, the analysis of the nucleic acid is such that the nucleic acid is subjected to a nucleic acid amplification reaction and the presence or absence or amount of the amplification product is used as an index.

好ましくは、前記核酸増幅反応は、リアルタイムPCRである。 Preferably, the nucleic acid amplification reaction is real-time PCR.

好ましくは、前記生物は、魚類又は両生類である。 Preferably, the organism is a fish or amphibian.

かかる構成により、所定の環境における魚類又は両生類の分布や量を、より高精度で推定することができる。 With such a configuration, the distribution and amount of fish or amphibians in a predetermined environment can be estimated with higher accuracy.

本発明によれば、環境水試料を用いた環境DNA分析による生物相の推定又は特定の生物の量の推定を、より簡便にかつ高精度で行うことができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the biota or the amount of a specific organism by environmental DNA analysis using an environmental water sample more easily and with high accuracy.

実施例1で行ったDNAの定量結果を表すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the quantification result of DNA performed in Example 1. 実施例2で行ったDNAの定量結果を表すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the quantification result of DNA performed in Example 2. 実施例3で行ったDNAの定量結果を表すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the quantification result of DNA performed in Example 3. 実施例4で行ったDNAの定量結果を表すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the quantification result of DNA performed in Example 4.

本発明の前処理方法及び前処理剤は、所定の環境から採取された環境水試料に含まれる核酸を分析することにより、前記環境水試料の採取場所における生物相又は特定の生物の量を推定するために用いられるものである。典型的には、前記核酸は環境水試料に含まれる固形物から抽出されたものであり、本発明の前処理方法及び前処理剤は前記固形物から核酸を抽出する前の環境水試料に適用される。 The pretreatment method and pretreatment agent of the present invention estimate the amount of the biological phase or a specific organism at the place where the environmental water sample is collected by analyzing the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample collected from a predetermined environment. It is used to do so. Typically, the nucleic acid is extracted from a solid substance contained in the environmental water sample, and the pretreatment method and pretreatment agent of the present invention are applied to the environmental water sample before extracting the nucleic acid from the solid substance. Will be done.

本発明では、環境水試料に4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤を接触させることにより、環境水試料の前処理を行う。典型的には、前記消毒剤を環境水試料に添加する。 In the present invention, the environmental water sample is pretreated by contacting the environmental water sample with a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient. Typically, the disinfectant is added to the environmental water sample.

上記4級アンモニウム塩の例としては、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウム、等が挙げられる。例えば、市販の10w/v%塩化ベンザルコニウム水溶液、10w/v%塩化ベンゼトニウム水溶液、10w/v%塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウム水溶液を用いることができる。これらの4級アンモニウム塩については、1種のみを用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。 Examples of the quaternary ammonium salt include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, and the like. For example, a commercially available 10 w / v% benzalkonium chloride aqueous solution, 10 w / v% benzethonium chloride aqueous solution, and 10 w / v% didecyldimethylammonium chloride aqueous solution can be used. As for these quaternary ammonium salts, only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.

上記消毒剤の適用量としては、環境水試料に含まれる核酸の分解が抑制され、かつ後に行う環境DNA分析に悪影響を与えない量であれば特に限定はなく、環境水試料の採取場所や環境水試料の性状等によって適宜選択することができる。
塩化ベンザルコニウムを有効成分とする消毒剤を用いる場合には、例えば、環境水試料中における塩化ベンザルコニウムの最終濃度が0.0005〜0.4w/v%、好ましくは0.0008〜0.2w/v%、より好ましくは0.001〜0.1w/v%となるように、前記消毒剤を環境水試料に添加することができる。例えば、消毒剤として10w/v%塩化ベンザルコニウム水溶液を使用するならば、当該消毒剤が20000〜25倍希釈、好ましくは12500〜50倍希釈、より好ましくは10000〜100倍希釈されるように、環境水試料に添加することができる。
The amount of the disinfectant applied is not particularly limited as long as it suppresses the decomposition of nucleic acids contained in the environmental water sample and does not adversely affect the environmental DNA analysis performed later, and the place and environment where the environmental water sample is collected and the environment It can be appropriately selected depending on the properties of the water sample and the like.
When a disinfectant containing benzalconium chloride as an active ingredient is used, for example, the final concentration of benzalconium chloride in an environmental water sample is 0.0005 to 0.4 w / v%, preferably 0.0008 to 0. The disinfectant can be added to the environmental water sample so as to be .2 w / v%, more preferably 0.001 to 0.1 w / v%. For example, when a 10 w / v% benzalkonium chloride aqueous solution is used as the disinfectant, the disinfectant is diluted 20000 to 25 times, preferably 12500 to 50 times, more preferably 1000 to 100 times. , Can be added to environmental water samples.

塩化ベンゼトニウムを有効成分とする消毒剤を用いる場合も同様であり、例えば、環境水試料中における塩化ベンゼトニウムの最終濃度が0.0005〜0.4w/v%、好ましくは0.0008〜0.2w/v%、より好ましくは0.001〜0.1w/v%となるように、前記消毒剤を環境水試料に添加することができる。
塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウムを有効成分とする消毒剤を用いる場合も同様であり、例えば、環境水試料中における塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウムの最終濃度が0.0005〜0.4w/v%、好ましくは0.0008〜0.2w/v%、より好ましくは0.001〜0.1w/v%となるように、前記消毒剤を環境水試料に添加することができる。
The same applies when a disinfectant containing benzethonium chloride as an active ingredient is used. For example, the final concentration of benzethonium chloride in an environmental water sample is 0.0005 to 0.4 w / v%, preferably 0.0008 to 0.2 w. The disinfectant can be added to the environmental water sample so as to be / v%, more preferably 0.001 to 0.1 w / v%.
The same applies when a disinfectant containing didecyldimethylammonium chloride as an active ingredient is used. For example, the final concentration of didecyldimethylammonium chloride in an environmental water sample is 0.0005 to 0.4 w / v%, preferably 0. The disinfectant can be added to the environmental water sample so as to be .0008 to 0.2 w / v%, more preferably 0.001 to 0.1 w / v%.

本発明による環境水試料の前処理は、試料の採取直後に行うことが好ましい。本発明では4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤を適用するだけの簡単な構成を採用しているので、試料の採取場所でも容易に前処理を行うことができる。 The pretreatment of the environmental water sample according to the present invention is preferably performed immediately after the sample is collected. Since the present invention employs a simple configuration in which a disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient is simply applied, pretreatment can be easily performed even at the sample collection site.

本発明の前処理剤の形態としては特に限定はなく、液状、半固体状、固体状のいずれでもよいが、液状が好ましく採用される。液状の前処理剤であれば、環境水試料への添加と混和を容易に行える。 The form of the pretreatment agent of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be liquid, semi-solid or solid, but liquid is preferably adopted. If it is a liquid pretreatment agent, it can be easily added to and mixed with the environmental water sample.

添加以外の方法で環境水試料に消毒剤を接触させる方法としては、例えば、消毒剤を固定化した担体に環境水試料を流して連続的に接触させることが挙げられる。 As a method of bringing the disinfectant into contact with the environmental water sample by a method other than addition, for example, the environmental water sample is allowed to flow on a carrier on which the disinfectant is immobilized and continuously contacted.

本発明の前処理剤には、4級アンモニウム塩による核酸分解抑制作用を損なわない範囲において、他の成分が含まれていてもよい。他の成分としては、エタノール等のアルコール類、核酸分解酵素の阻害剤(EDTA等)、等が挙げられる。 The pretreatment agent of the present invention may contain other components as long as the quaternary ammonium salt does not impair the nucleic acid decomposition inhibitory action. Examples of other components include alcohols such as ethanol, inhibitors of nucleolytic enzymes (EDTA, etc.), and the like.

本発明は、所定の環境から採取され且つ上記の方法によって前処理された環境水試料に含まれる核酸を分析することにより、前記環境水試料の採取場所における生物相又は特定の生物の量を推定することを特徴とする生物相又は生物の量の推定方法を包含する。 The present invention estimates the amount of biota or specific organism at the location of the environmental water sample by analyzing the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample collected from a given environment and pretreated by the method described above. Includes methods for estimating the amount of biota or organisms characterized by doing so.

好ましい実施形態では、前記核酸を核酸増幅反応に供し、その増幅産物の有無又は量を指標として生物相又は生物の量を推定する。核酸増幅反応の代表例はポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)である。例えば、生物種特異的なプライマーを用いてPCRを行い、増幅産物の有無や量を調べることにより、試料採取場所における当該生物種の有無や量を推定することができる。特にリアルタイムPCRによればDNAの定量が可能であり、生物の量の推定に特に有用である。 In a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid is subjected to a nucleic acid amplification reaction, and the biota or the amount of the organism is estimated using the presence or absence or amount of the amplification product as an index. A typical example of a nucleic acid amplification reaction is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For example, the presence or absence and amount of the species can be estimated at the sampling site by performing PCR using a primer specific to the species and examining the presence and amount of the amplification product. In particular, real-time PCR enables quantification of DNA and is particularly useful for estimating the amount of organisms.

核酸増幅反応以外の方法であっても、生物種特異的な配列を検出できる方法であれば採用可能である。例えば、次世代シーケンサーを用いたメタバーコーディング等の手法が採用可能である。 A method other than the nucleic acid amplification reaction can be adopted as long as it can detect a species-specific sequence. For example, a method such as metabarcoding using a next-generation sequencer can be adopted.

環境水試料の前処理から核酸分析を行うまでの時間は、一般的には短い方が好ましいが、本発明では環境水試料に含まれる核酸の分解が抑えられているので、長時間であってもかまわない。少なくとも、3〜10日程度の時間が経過しても特に問題はない。前処理後の環境水試料の保存温度についても、一般的には低温が好ましいが、常温でも特に問題はない。 Generally, the time from the pretreatment of the environmental water sample to the nucleic acid analysis is preferably short, but in the present invention, the decomposition of the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample is suppressed, so that the time is long. It doesn't matter. There is no particular problem even if at least 3 to 10 days have passed. As for the storage temperature of the environmental water sample after the pretreatment, a low temperature is generally preferable, but there is no particular problem even at room temperature.

好ましい実施形態では、環境水試料に含まれる核酸は、環境水試料に含まれる固形物から抽出される。当該固形物は、例えば、環境水試料をろ過して得られる捕捉物である。そして、本発明の前処理方法及び前処理剤は、核酸の抽出前の環境水試料に適用されることが好ましく、より好ましくは固形物を単離する前の環境水試料、最も好ましくは、上記したように、採取直後の環境水試料に適用される。 In a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample is extracted from the solids contained in the environmental water sample. The solid is, for example, a trap obtained by filtering an environmental water sample. The pretreatment method and pretreatment agent of the present invention are preferably applied to an environmental water sample before extraction of nucleic acid, more preferably an environmental water sample before isolation of a solid substance, and most preferably the above. As described above, it is applied to the environmental water sample immediately after collection.

本発明における生物相や生物の量の推定の対象となる生物としては、魚類、両生類が挙げられる。その他の例として、水棲昆虫、貝類などの水生無脊椎動物や、水生植物が挙げられる。 Examples of organisms for which the biota and the amount of organisms are estimated in the present invention include fish and amphibians. Other examples include aquatic invertebrates such as aquatic insects and shellfish, and aquatic plants.

以下、実施例をもって本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

(1)環境水試料の採取
琵琶湖の長命寺港にて湖水を採取し、500mL×9本に分けた。各環境水試料について、C1、C2、C3(Cシリーズ)、CC1、CC2、CC3(CCシリーズ)、B1、B2、B3(Bシリーズ)と命名した。
(1) Collection of environmental water samples Lake water was collected at Chomeiji Port in Lake Biwa and divided into 500 mL x 9 bottles. Each environmental water sample was named C1, C2, C3 (C series), CC1, CC2, CC3 (CC series), B1, B2, B3 (B series).

(2)環境水試料の前処理
試料名C1、C2、C3(Cシリーズ)については前処理をせず、そのまま6時間冷蔵保存した。
試料名CC1、CC2、CC3(CCシリーズ)については前処理をせず、そのまま6時間冷蔵保存した後、フィルターろ過まで23℃程度にインキュベートした。
試料名B1、B2、B3(Bシリーズ)については、採取後ただちに10%塩化ベンザルコニウム液(商品名:タケクリーンA−ST、攝津製油社)を1/1000量加えた(塩化ベンザルコニウムの終濃度0.01w/v%)。6時間冷蔵保存した後、フィルターろ過まで23℃程度にインキュベートして保存した。
(2) Pretreatment of environmental water samples Sample names C1, C2, and C3 (C series) were not pretreated and were kept refrigerated for 6 hours.
Sample names CC1, CC2, and CC3 (CC series) were not pretreated and were kept refrigerated for 6 hours and then incubated at about 23 ° C. until filter filtration.
For sample names B1, B2, and B3 (B series), 1/1000 amount of 10% benzalkonium chloride solution (trade name: Takeclean A-ST, Settsu Oil Mill) was added immediately after collection (benzalkonium chloride). Final concentration of 0.01 w / v%). After refrigerating for 6 hours, the mixture was incubated at about 23 ° C. until filtration and stored.

(3)フィルターろ過とDNAの精製
グラスファイバーフィルター(GE社製、ガラス繊維ろ紙(グレードGF/F))を用いて各試料を濾過し、固形分をフィルター上に捕捉した。
試料名C1、C2、C3については、採取後6時間(冷蔵6時間)の時点で濾過した。その他の試料については、採取後78時間(冷蔵6時間+23℃保存72時間)の時点で濾過した。
各試料とも、濾過量は全量(環境水試料500mLを含む)とした。
DNeasy Blood and Tissueキット(Qiagen社)を用いて、フィルター上の固形物からDNAを抽出及び精製した。
(3) Filter filtration and purification of DNA Each sample was filtered using a glass fiber filter (made by GE, glass fiber filter paper (grade GF / F)), and the solid content was captured on the filter.
Sample names C1, C2, and C3 were filtered 6 hours after collection (6 hours refrigerated). Other samples were filtered 78 hours after collection (6 hours refrigerated + 72 hours stored at 23 ° C).
For each sample, the total amount of filtration was set (including 500 mL of environmental water sample).
DNA was extracted and purified from the solids on the filter using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen).

(4)リアルタイムPCRによるDNAの定量
非特許文献2に記載のブルーギル(Lepomis macrochirus)特異的プライマー(配列番号1,2)を用い、上記(3)で抽出・精製したDNAを鋳型として、リアルタイムPCRによるDNA定量を行った。リアルタイムPCRには、Taqman gene Expression Master Mix及びTaqmanプローブ(配列番号3、Life Technologies社)を用いた。温度サイクルとして、50℃2分、95℃10分の後、95℃15秒−60℃60秒のサイクルを55回行った。各シリーズについて、得られた値(コピー数)の平均値と標準偏差(SD)を算出した。
(4) Quantification of DNA by real-time PCR Using the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) -specific primers (SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2) described in Non-Patent Document 2 and using the DNA extracted and purified in (3) above as a template, real-time PCR DNA was quantified by. For real-time PCR, Taqman gene Expression Master Mix and Taqman probe (SEQ ID NO: 3, Life Technologies) were used. As the temperature cycle, after 50 ° C. for 2 minutes and 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, a cycle of 95 ° C. for 15 seconds and -60 ° C. for 60 seconds was performed 55 times. For each series, the mean value (copy number) and standard deviation (SD) of the obtained values were calculated.

(5)結果
結果を図1に示す。図1は各シリーズのコピー数の平均値を示すグラフであり、「C」、「CC」、「B」は、それぞれCシリーズ(試料名C1、C2、C3)、CCシリーズ(試料名CC1、CC2、CC3)、Bシリーズ(試料名B1、B2、B3)のコピー数の平均値を示している。エラーバーは平均値±SDを示している。
図1に示すように、塩化ベンザルコニウム液で前処理したBシリーズは、採取後ただちに冷蔵保存したCシリーズよりも4倍程度高いコピー数を示した。これは、Bシリーズでは塩化ベンザルコニウムの作用によってDNAの分解が抑えられ、採取から3日経過しても分析に必要なDNA量が十分維持されていたことを示していた。なお、CCシリーズでは、リアルタイムPCRによるDNA定量が困難であった。これは、試料採取からフィルターろ過/DNA抽出までの間にDNAが分解されたため、定量が困難になったものと考えられた。
以上より、環境水試料を塩化ベンザルコニウムで前処理することにより、環境水試料中のDNAの分解が抑えられ、環境DNA分析を高感度、高精度かつ簡便に行えることが示された。
(5) Results The results are shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the average number of copies of each series, and “C”, “CC”, and “B” are C series (sample names C1, C2, C3) and CC series (sample names CC1, C3, respectively). The average value of the copy numbers of CC2, CC3) and B series (sample names B1, B2, B3) is shown. The error bar shows the average value ± SD.
As shown in FIG. 1, the B series pretreated with the benzalconium chloride solution showed a copy number about four times higher than that of the C series stored in a refrigerator immediately after collection. This indicates that in the B series, the decomposition of DNA was suppressed by the action of benzalkonium chloride, and the amount of DNA required for analysis was sufficiently maintained even 3 days after collection. In the CC series, it was difficult to quantify DNA by real-time PCR. It was considered that this was because the DNA was decomposed between the sampling and the filter filtration / DNA extraction, which made the quantification difficult.
From the above, it was shown that by pretreating the environmental water sample with benzalkonium chloride, the decomposition of DNA in the environmental water sample is suppressed, and the environmental DNA analysis can be performed with high sensitivity, high accuracy and convenience.

(1)環境水試料の採取
滋賀県大津市内の池から水を採取し、500mL×42本に分けた。各環境水試料について、表1に示すように命名した。
(1) Collection of environmental water samples Water was collected from a pond in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, and divided into 500 mL x 42 bottles. Each environmental water sample was named as shown in Table 1.

Figure 2021006062
Figure 2021006062

(2)環境水試料の前処理
試料名CF1〜CF3(CFシリーズ)については前処理をせず、採水後ただちにグラスファイバーフィルター(GE社製、ガラス繊維ろ紙(グレードGF/F))を用いて各試料500mLを濾過し、固形分をフィルター上に捕捉した。さらに、濾過後のフィルターを直ちに冷凍保存した。
(2) Pretreatment of environmental water sample Sample names CF1 to CF3 (CF series) are not pretreated, and a glass fiber filter (GE, glass fiber filter paper (grade GF / F)) is used immediately after water sampling. 500 mL of each sample was filtered, and the solid content was captured on the filter. In addition, the filtered filter was immediately stored frozen.

試料名CE1〜CE3(CEシリーズ)については前処理をせず、そのまま常温で8時間保存した。 Sample names CE1 to CE3 (CE series) were stored as they were at room temperature for 8 hours without pretreatment.

試料名BA1−1〜BA3−3(BAシリーズ)については、採取後ただちに10w/v%塩化ベンザルコニウム液(商品名:タケクリーンA−ST、攝津製油社)を所定量加え、そのまま常温で8時間保存した。塩化ベンザルコニウムの終濃度として、BA1−1〜BA1−3(BA1シリーズ)は0.1w/v%、BA2−1〜BA2−3(BA2シリーズ)は0.01w/v%、BA3−1〜BA3−3(BA3シリーズ)は0.001w/v%とした。 For sample names BA1-1 to BA3-3 (BA series), immediately after collection, add a predetermined amount of 10 w / v% benzalkonium chloride solution (trade name: Takeclean A-ST, Settsu Oil Mill, Inc.) and leave it at room temperature. Stored for 8 hours. The final concentration of benzalkonium chloride was 0.1 w / v% for BA1-1 to BA1-3 (BA1 series), 0.01 w / v% for BA2-1 to BA2-3 (BA2 series), and BA3-1. ~ BA3-3 (BA3 series) was set to 0.001 w / v%.

試料名BE1−1〜BE3−3(BEシリーズ)については、採取後ただちに10w/v%塩化ベンゼトニウム液(商品名:ハイアミン液10%、第一三共エスファ社)を所定量加え、そのまま常温で8時間保存した。塩化ベンゼトニウムの終濃度として、BE1−1〜BE1−3(BE1シリーズ)は0.1w/v%、BE2−1〜BE2−3(BE2シリーズ)は0.01w/v%、BE3−1〜BE3−3(BE3シリーズ)は0.001w/v%とした。 For sample names BE1-1 to BE3-3 (BE series), immediately after collection, add a predetermined amount of 10 w / v% benzethonium chloride solution (trade name: Hyamine solution 10%, Daiichi Sankyo Espha) and leave it at room temperature. Stored for 8 hours. The final concentration of benzethonium chloride is 0.1 w / v% for BE1-1 to BE1-3 (BE1 series), 0.01 w / v% for BE2-1 to BE2-3 (BE2 series), and BE3-1 to BE3. -3 (BE3 series) was 0.001 w / v%.

試料名D1−1〜D3−3(Dシリーズ)については、採取後ただちに7w/v%塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウム液(商品名:カチオーゲンDDM−PG、第一工業製薬社)を所定量加え、そのまま常温で8時間保存した。塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウムの終濃度として、D1−1〜D1−3(D1シリーズ)は0.07w/v%、D2−1〜D2−3(D2シリーズ)は0.007w/v%、D3−1〜D3−3(D3シリーズ)は0.0007w/v%とした。 For sample names D1-1 to D3-3 (D series), immediately after collection, add a predetermined amount of 7 w / v% didecyldimethylammonium chloride solution (trade name: Catiogen DDM-PG, Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) and leave it as it is. Stored at room temperature for 8 hours. The final concentration of didecyldimethylammonium chloride was 0.07 w / v% for D1-1 to D1-3 (D1 series), 0.007 w / v% for D2-1 to D2-3 (D2 series), and D3-. 1 to D3-3 (D3 series) was set to 0.0007 w / v%.

試料名S1−1〜S3−3(Sシリーズ)については、採取後ただちに5w/v%次亜塩素酸ナトリウム液(和光純薬工業社)を所定量加え、そのまま常温で8時間保存した。次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの終濃度として、S1−1〜S1−3(S1シリーズ)は0.1w/v%、S2−1〜S2−3(S2シリーズ)は0.01w/v%、S3−1〜S3−3(S3シリーズ)は0.001w/v%とした。 For sample names S1-1 to S3-3 (S series), a predetermined amount of 5 w / v% sodium hypochlorite solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added immediately after collection, and the sample was stored as it was at room temperature for 8 hours. The final concentration of sodium hypochlorite is 0.1 w / v% for S1-1 to S1-3 (S1 series), 0.01 w / v% for S2-1 to S2-3 (S2 series), and S3-. 1 to S3-3 (S3 series) was 0.001 w / v%.

(3)フィルターろ過とDNAの精製
CFシリーズ以外の試料について、8時間の常温保存後、グラスファイバーフィルター(GE社製、ガラス繊維ろ紙(グレードGF/F))を用いて各試料を濾過し、固形分をフィルター上に捕捉した。各試料とも、濾過量は全量(環境水試料500mLを含む)とした。
DNeasy Blood and Tissueキット(Qiagen社)を用いて、フィルター上の固形物からDNAを抽出及び精製した。
(3) Filter filtration and purification of DNA For samples other than the CF series, after storing at room temperature for 8 hours, each sample is filtered using a glass fiber filter (made by GE, glass fiber filter paper (grade GF / F)). The solid content was captured on the filter. For each sample, the total amount of filtration was set (including 500 mL of environmental water sample).
DNA was extracted and purified from the solids on the filter using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen).

(4)リアルタイムPCRによるDNAの定量
実施例1と同様にして、ブルーギル特異的プライマーを用いたリアルタイムPCRを行った。各シリーズについて、得られた値(コピー数)の平均値と標準偏差(SD)を算出した。
(4) Quantification of DNA by real-time PCR In the same manner as in Example 1, real-time PCR using bluegill-specific primers was performed. For each series, the mean value (copy number) and standard deviation (SD) of the obtained values were calculated.

(5)結果
結果を図2に示す。図2は各シリーズのコピー数の平均値を示すグラフであり、例えば「CF」は、CFシリーズ(試料名CF1、CF2、CF3)のコピー数の平均値を示している。エラーバーは平均値±SDを示している。
図2に示すように、BA1、BA2、BA3シリーズ(塩化ベンザルコニウム処理)、BE1、BE2、BE3シリーズ(塩化ベンゼトニウム処理)、及びD1、D2、D3シリーズ(塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウム処理)について、CEシリーズ(無処理)よりも3〜6倍程度高いコピー数を示した。特に、BA1、BA2、BA3シリーズではCFシリーズ(フィルター冷凍保存)と同等の高いコピー数を示した。BE1、BE2、BE3シリーズ、D1、D2、D3シリーズについても、環境DNAを高感度及び高精度で行うのに十分なコピー数を示した。
なお、S1、S2、S3シリーズ(次亜塩素酸ナトリウム処理)ではリアルタイムPCRによるDNA定量が困難であった。これは、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの作用によって環境水試料中のDNAが分解されたためと考えられた。
以上より、環境水試料を、少なくとも終濃度0.1〜0.001w/v%の塩化ベンザルコニウム若しくは塩化ベンゼトニウム、又は、少なくとも終濃度0.07〜0.0007w/v%の塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウムで前処理することにより、環境水試料中のDNAの分解が抑えられ、環境DNA分析を高感度、高精度かつ簡便に行えることが示された。
(5) Results The results are shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the average number of copies of each series. For example, "CF" indicates the average number of copies of the CF series (sample names CF1, CF2, CF3). The error bar shows the average value ± SD.
As shown in FIG. 2, regarding BA1, BA2, BA3 series (benzalkonium chloride treatment), BE1, BE2, BE3 series (benzethonium chloride treatment), and D1, D2, D3 series (didecyldimethylammonium chloride treatment). The copy number was about 3 to 6 times higher than that of the CE series (unprocessed). In particular, the BA1, BA2, and BA3 series showed the same high copy number as the CF series (filter frozen storage). The BE1, BE2, BE3 series, D1, D2, and D3 series also showed a sufficient copy number to perform environmental DNA with high sensitivity and high accuracy.
In the S1, S2, and S3 series (sodium hypochlorite treatment), it was difficult to quantify DNA by real-time PCR. It was considered that this was because the DNA in the environmental water sample was decomposed by the action of sodium hypochlorite.
Based on the above, the environmental water sample was prepared with at least 0.1-0.001 w / v% benzalkonium chloride or benzethonium chloride, or at least 0.07 to 0.0007 w / v% didecyldimethyl chloride. It was shown that the pretreatment with ammonium suppressed the decomposition of DNA in the environmental water sample, and the environmental DNA analysis could be performed with high sensitivity, high accuracy and convenience.

(1)環境水試料の採取
滋賀県大津市内の河川から水を採取し、500mL×10本に分けた。各環境水試料について、CF4−1、CF4−2、CF4−3、CF4−4、CF4−5(CF4シリーズ)、並びに、BA4−1、BA4−2、BA4−3、BA4−4、BA4−5(BA4シリーズ)と命名した。
(1) Collection of environmental water samples Water was collected from rivers in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, and divided into 500 mL x 10 bottles. For each environmental water sample, CF4-1, CF4-2, CF4-3, CF4-4, CF4-5 (CF4 series), and BA4-1, BA4-2, BA4-3, BA4-4, BA4- It was named 5 (BA4 series).

(2)環境水試料の前処理とフィルターろ過
試料名CF4−1〜CF4−5(CF4シリーズ)については前処理をせず、採水後ただちにグラスファイバーフィルター(GE社製、ガラス繊維ろ紙(グレードGF/F))を用いて各試料を濾過し、固形分をフィルター上に捕捉した。各試料とも、濾過量は全量(環境水試料500mLを含む)とした。さらに、濾過後のフィルターを氷冷して6時間保存した。
(2) Pretreatment of environmental water sample and filter filtration Sample names CF4-1 to CF4-5 (CF4 series) are not pretreated and immediately after water sampling, glass fiber filter (GE, glass fiber filter paper (grade). Each sample was filtered using GF / F)) and the solids were captured on the filter. For each sample, the total amount of filtration was set (including 500 mL of environmental water sample). Further, the filtered filter was ice-cooled and stored for 6 hours.

試料名BA4−1〜BA4−5(BA4シリーズ)については、採取後ただちに10w/v%塩化ベンザルコニウム液(商品名:タケクリーンA−ST、攝津製油社)を1/1000量加えた(塩化ベンザルコニウムの終濃度0.01w/v%)。そのまま常温で6時間保存した。6時間の常温保存後、グラスファイバーフィルター(GE社製、ガラス繊維ろ紙(グレードGF/F))を用いて各試料を濾過し、固形分をフィルター上に捕捉した。各試料とも、濾過量は全量(環境水試料500mLを含む)とした。 For sample names BA4-1 to BA4-5 (BA4 series), 1/1000 amount of 10 w / v% benzalkonium chloride solution (trade name: Takeclean A-ST, Settsu Oil Mill, Inc.) was added immediately after collection (Takeclean A-ST, Settsu Oil Mill, Inc.). Final concentration of benzalkonium chloride 0.01 w / v%). It was stored as it was at room temperature for 6 hours. After storage at room temperature for 6 hours, each sample was filtered using a glass fiber filter (glass fiber filter paper (grade GF / F) manufactured by GE), and the solid content was captured on the filter. For each sample, the total amount of filtration was set (including 500 mL of environmental water sample).

(3)DNAの精製
DNeasy Blood and Tissueキット(Qiagen社)を用いて、フィルター上の固形物からDNAを抽出及び精製した。
(3) Purification of DNA
DNA was extracted and purified from the solids on the filter using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen).

(4)リアルタイムPCRによるDNAの定量
アユ(Plecoglossus altivelis)特異的プライマー(配列番号4,5)を用い、上記(3)で抽出・精製したDNAを鋳型として、リアルタイムPCRによるDNA定量を行った。リアルタイムPCRには、Taqman gene Expression Master Mix及びTaqmanプローブ(配列番号6、Life Technologies社)を用いた。温度サイクルとして、実施例1と同様に、50℃2分、95℃10分の後、95℃15秒−60℃60秒のサイクルを55回行った。各シリーズについて、得られた値(コピー数)の平均値と標準偏差(SD)を算出した。
(4) Quantification of DNA by real-time PCR Using ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) -specific primers (SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5) and using the DNA extracted and purified in (3) above as a template, DNA quantification by real-time PCR was performed. For real-time PCR, Taqman gene Expression Master Mix and Taqman probe (SEQ ID NO: 6, Life Technologies) were used. As the temperature cycle, the same as in Example 1, after 2 minutes at 50 ° C. and 10 minutes at 95 ° C., a cycle of 95 ° C. for 15 seconds and -60 ° C. for 60 seconds was performed 55 times. For each series, the mean value (copy number) and standard deviation (SD) of the obtained values were calculated.

(5)結果
結果を図3に示す。図3は各シリーズのコピー数の平均値を示すグラフであり、「CF4」、「BA4」は、それぞれCF4シリーズ(試料名CF4−1〜CF4−5)、BA4シリーズ(試料名BA4−1〜BA4−5)のコピー数の平均値を示している。エラーバーは平均値±SDを示している。
図3に示すように、塩化ベンザルコニウム液で前処理したBA4シリーズは、前処理をしなかったCF4シリーズよりも5倍程度高いコピー数を示した。これは、BA4シリーズでは塩化ベンザルコニウムの作用によってDNAの分解が抑えられ、採取から6時間経過しても分析に必要なDNA量が十分維持されていたことを示していた。
以上より、環境水試料を塩化ベンザルコニウムで前処理することにより、環境水試料中のDNAの分解が抑えられ、環境DNA分析を高感度、高精度かつ簡便に行えることが示された。
(5) Results The results are shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the average number of copies of each series, and “CF4” and “BA4” are CF4 series (sample names CF4-1 to CF4-5) and BA4 series (sample names BA4-1 to 1), respectively. The average value of the number of copies of BA4-5) is shown. The error bar shows the average value ± SD.
As shown in FIG. 3, the BA4 series pretreated with the benzalconium chloride solution showed a copy number about 5 times higher than that of the CF4 series not pretreated. This indicated that in the BA4 series, DNA degradation was suppressed by the action of benzalkonium chloride, and the amount of DNA required for analysis was sufficiently maintained even 6 hours after collection.
From the above, it was shown that by pretreating the environmental water sample with benzalconium chloride, the decomposition of DNA in the environmental water sample is suppressed, and the environmental DNA analysis can be performed with high sensitivity, high accuracy and convenience.

(1)環境水試料の採取
滋賀県大津市内の池から水を採取し、500mL×30本に分けた。各環境水試料について、表2に示すように命名した。
(1) Collection of environmental water samples Water was collected from a pond in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, and divided into 500 mL x 30 bottles. Each environmental water sample was named as shown in Table 2.

Figure 2021006062
Figure 2021006062

(2)環境水試料の前処理
試料名CF5−1〜CF5−3(CF5シリーズ)については前処理をせず、採水後ただちにグラスファイバーフィルター(GE社製、ガラス繊維ろ紙(グレードGF/F))を用いて各試料500mLを濾過し、固形分をフィルター上に捕捉した。さらに、濾過後のフィルターを直ちに冷凍保存した。
(2) Pretreatment of environmental water sample Sample names CF5-1 to CF5-3 (CF5 series) are not pretreated, and immediately after water sampling, a glass fiber filter (GE, glass fiber filter paper (grade GF / F). )) Was used to filter 500 mL of each sample, and the solid content was captured on the filter. In addition, the filtered filter was immediately stored frozen.

試料名CE6−1〜CE6−3(CE6シリーズ)については前処理をせず、そのまま常温(22℃程度)で1日保存した。
試料名CE7−1〜CE7−3(CE7シリーズ)については前処理をせず、そのまま常温(22℃程度)で3日保存した。
試料名CE8−1〜CE8−3(CE8シリーズ)については前処理をせず、そのまま常温(22℃程度)で5日保存した。
試料名CE9−1〜CE9−3(CE9シリーズ)については前処理をせず、そのまま常温(22℃程度)で10日保存した。
The sample names CE6-1 to CE6-3 (CE6 series) were stored as they were at room temperature (about 22 ° C.) for 1 day without pretreatment.
The sample names CE7-1 to CE7-3 (CE7 series) were stored as they were at room temperature (about 22 ° C.) for 3 days without pretreatment.
The sample names CE8-1 to CE8-3 (CE8 series) were stored as they were at room temperature (about 22 ° C.) for 5 days without pretreatment.
The sample names CE9-1 to CE9-3 (CE9 series) were stored as they were at room temperature (about 22 ° C.) for 10 days without pretreatment.

試料名BA5−1〜BA5−3(BA5シリーズ)、試料名BA6−1〜BA6−3(BA6シリーズ)、試料名BA7−1〜BA7−3(BA7シリーズ)、試料名BA8−1〜BA8−3(BA8シリーズ)、及び試料名BA9−1〜BA9−3(BA9シリーズ)については、採取後ただちに10w/v%塩化ベンザルコニウム液(商品名:タケクリーンA−ST、攝津製油社)を1/1000量加えた(塩化ベンザルコニウムの終濃度0.01w/v%)。 Sample name BA5-1 to BA5-3 (BA5 series), Sample name BA6-1 to BA6-3 (BA6 series), Sample name BA7-1 to BA7-3 (BA7 series), Sample name BA8 to 1 to BA8- For 3 (BA8 series) and sample names BA9-1 to BA9-3 (BA9 series), immediately after collection, use 10 w / v% benzalkonium chloride solution (trade name: Takeclean A-ST, Tsutsu Oil Co., Ltd.). 1/1000 amount was added (final concentration of benzalkonium chloride 0.01 w / v%).

BA5シリーズについては、塩化ベンザルコニウム液の添加後ただちにグラスファイバーフィルター(GE社製、ガラス繊維ろ紙(グレードGF/F))を用いて各試料500mLを濾過し、固形分をフィルター上に捕捉した。さらに、濾過後のフィルターを直ちに冷凍保存した。 For the BA5 series, immediately after the addition of the benzalconium chloride solution, 500 mL of each sample was filtered using a glass fiber filter (GE, glass fiber filter paper (grade GF / F)), and the solid content was captured on the filter. .. In addition, the filtered filter was immediately stored frozen.

BA6シリーズについては、塩化ベンザルコニウム液の添加後、そのまま常温(22℃程度)で1日保存した。
BA7シリーズについては、塩化ベンザルコニウム液の添加後、そのまま常温(22℃程度)で3日保存した。
BA8シリーズについては、塩化ベンザルコニウム液の添加後、そのまま常温(22℃程度)で5日保存した。
BA9シリーズについては、塩化ベンザルコニウム液の添加後、そのまま常温(22℃程度)で10日保存した。
The BA6 series was stored as it was at room temperature (about 22 ° C.) for 1 day after the addition of the benzalconium chloride solution.
The BA7 series was stored as it was at room temperature (about 22 ° C.) for 3 days after the addition of the benzalkonium chloride solution.
The BA8 series was stored as it was at room temperature (about 22 ° C.) for 5 days after the addition of the benzalconium chloride solution.
The BA9 series was stored as it was at room temperature (about 22 ° C.) for 10 days after the addition of the benzalkonium chloride solution.

(3)フィルターろ過とDNAの精製
CF5シリーズとBA5シリーズ以外の試料について、所定日数の常温保存後、グラスファイバーフィルター(GE社製、ガラス繊維ろ紙(グレードGF/F))を用いて各試料を濾過し、固形分をフィルター上に捕捉した。各試料とも、濾過量は全量(環境水試料500mLを含む)とした。
DNeasy Blood and Tissueキット(Qiagen社)を用いて、フィルター上の固形物からDNAを抽出及び精製した。
(3) Filter filtration and purification of DNA For samples other than CF5 series and BA5 series, after storing at room temperature for a predetermined number of days, use a glass fiber filter (GE, glass fiber filter paper (grade GF / F)) to select each sample. It was filtered and the solids were captured on the filter. For each sample, the total amount of filtration was set (including 500 mL of environmental water sample).
DNA was extracted and purified from the solids on the filter using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen).

(4)リアルタイムPCRによるDNAの定量
実施例1と同様にして、ブルーギル特異的プライマーを用いたリアルタイムPCRを行った。各シリーズについて、得られた値(コピー数)の平均値と標準偏差(SD)を算出した。
(4) Quantification of DNA by real-time PCR In the same manner as in Example 1, real-time PCR using bluegill-specific primers was performed. For each series, the mean value (copy number) and standard deviation (SD) of the obtained values were calculated.

(5)結果
結果を図4に示す。図4は各シリーズのコピー数の平均値を示すグラフであり、例えば「CF5」は、CF5シリーズ(試料名CF5−1、CF5−2、CF5−3)のコピー数の平均値を示している。エラーバーは平均値±SDを示している。
図4に示すように、BA5シリーズ(塩化ベンザルコニウム処理後ただちに濾過、フィルターを冷凍保存)において、最も高いコピー数が得られた。さらに、塩化ベンザルコニウム処理後に1〜10日常温保存したBA6、BA7、BA8、BA9の各シリーズについて、環境DNAを高感度及び高精度で行うのに十分なコピー数が得られた。
一方、無処理で1〜10日常温保存したCE6、CE7、CE8、CE9の各シリーズでは低いコピー数しか得られなかった。特に、10日常温保存したCE9シリーズではDNA定量ができなかった。
以上より、環境水試料を塩化ベンザルコニウムで前処理することにより、環境水試料中のDNAの分解が抑えられ、環境DNA分析を高感度、高精度かつ簡便に行えることが示された。また環境水試料に当該処理を施すことにより、少なくとも10日間の常温保存が可能であることが示された。
(5) Results The results are shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the average number of copies of each series. For example, "CF5" shows the average number of copies of the CF5 series (sample names CF5-1, CF5-2, CF5-3). .. The error bar shows the average value ± SD.
As shown in FIG. 4, the highest copy number was obtained in the BA5 series (filtered immediately after benzalkonium chloride treatment and the filter was stored frozen). Furthermore, for each series of BA6, BA7, BA8, and BA9 stored at room temperature for 1 to 10 days after treatment with benzalkonium chloride, a sufficient copy number was obtained to perform environmental DNA with high sensitivity and high accuracy.
On the other hand, in each series of CE6, CE7, CE8, and CE9 stored at room temperature for 1 to 10 days without treatment, only a low copy number was obtained. In particular, DNA quantification was not possible with the CE9 series stored at room temperature for 10 days.
From the above, it was shown that by pretreating the environmental water sample with benzalkonium chloride, the decomposition of DNA in the environmental water sample is suppressed, and the environmental DNA analysis can be performed with high sensitivity, high accuracy and convenience. It was also shown that the environmental water sample can be stored at room temperature for at least 10 days by applying the treatment.

Claims (9)

所定の環境から採取された環境水試料に含まれる核酸を分析することにより、前記環境水試料の採取場所における微生物以外の生物相又は微生物以外の特定の生物の量を推定するための環境水試料の前処理方法であって、
前記環境水試料から核酸を抽出する前に行われるものであり、
核酸の分析に供する前の前記環境水試料に、4級アンモニウム塩を有効成分とする消毒剤を直接適用するものであり、
前記核酸はDNAであることを特徴とする環境水試料の前処理方法。
An environmental water sample for estimating the amount of a biota other than microorganisms or a specific organism other than microorganisms at the place where the environmental water sample is collected by analyzing the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample collected from a predetermined environment. It is a pretreatment method of
This is performed before extracting the nucleic acid from the environmental water sample.
A disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium salt as an active ingredient is directly applied to the environmental water sample before it is subjected to nucleic acid analysis.
A method for pretreating an environmental water sample, wherein the nucleic acid is DNA.
前記環境水試料中における前記4級アンモニウム塩の濃度が0.0005w/v%以上となるように、前記環境水試料に前記消毒剤を添加することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の環境水試料の前処理方法。 The environmental water according to claim 1, wherein the disinfectant is added to the environmental water sample so that the concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt in the environmental water sample is 0.0005 w / v% or more. Sample pretreatment method. 前記核酸の分析は、前記核酸を核酸増幅反応に供し、その増幅産物の有無又は量を指標とするものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の環境水試料の前処理方法。 The method for pretreating an environmental water sample according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nucleic acid analysis is performed by subjecting the nucleic acid to a nucleic acid amplification reaction and using the presence or absence or amount of the amplification product as an index. 前記生物は、魚類又は両生類であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の環境水試料の前処理方法。 The method for pretreating an environmental water sample according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organism is a fish or an amphibian. 所定の環境から採取され且つ請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法によって前処理された環境水試料に含まれる核酸を分析することにより、前記環境水試料の採取場所における微生物以外の生物相又は微生物以外の特定の生物の量を推定することを特徴とする生物相又は生物の量の推定方法。 By analyzing the nucleic acid contained in the environmental water sample collected from a predetermined environment and pretreated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a biota other than the microorganism at the place where the environmental water sample is collected is analyzed. Alternatively, a method for estimating the amount of a biota or an organism, which comprises estimating the amount of a specific organism other than a microorganism. 前記核酸の分析は、前記核酸を核酸増幅反応に供し、その増幅産物の有無又は量を指標とするものであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の生物相又は生物の量の推定方法。 The method for estimating a biota or an amount of an organism according to claim 5, wherein the analysis of the nucleic acid is such that the nucleic acid is subjected to a nucleic acid amplification reaction and the presence or absence or amount of the amplification product is used as an index. 前記核酸増幅反応は、リアルタイムPCRであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の生物相又は生物の量の推定方法。 The method for estimating the amount of biota or organism according to claim 6, wherein the nucleic acid amplification reaction is real-time PCR. 前記生物は、魚類又は両生類であることを特徴とする請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載の生物相又は生物の量の推定方法。 The method for estimating the biota or the amount of an organism according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the organism is a fish or an amphibian. 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法によって前記環境水試料を処理することにより、前記環境水試料の採取場所における微生物以外の生物相又は微生物以外の特定の生物の量を推定するための核酸の分析に供する試料を製造することを特徴とする試料の製造方法。 By treating the environmental water sample by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the amount of a biological phase other than the microorganism or a specific organism other than the microorganism at the place where the environmental water sample is collected is estimated. A method for producing a sample, which comprises producing a sample to be used for nucleic acid analysis.
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