JP2020533436A - ポリマーの抗酸化安定剤 - Google Patents
ポリマーの抗酸化安定剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020533436A JP2020533436A JP2020513529A JP2020513529A JP2020533436A JP 2020533436 A JP2020533436 A JP 2020533436A JP 2020513529 A JP2020513529 A JP 2020513529A JP 2020513529 A JP2020513529 A JP 2020513529A JP 2020533436 A JP2020533436 A JP 2020533436A
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- lignin
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年9月7日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/555,642号の利益を主張し、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
上記および本開示を通して使用する場合、以下の用語は、特に指示しない限り、以下の意味を有すると理解されるものとする。
一実施形態では、熱可塑性ポリマーとバイオマスを含む組成物が開示され、バイオマスはリグニンを含み、組成物はバイオマスの重量に対して20%以下の量のセルロースおよび/またはヘミセルロースを含む。
難燃剤(臭素含有化合物、リン含有化合物、水酸化マグネシウムなど)、
またはそれらの任意の組み合わせであることができる。
本明細書のポリマーのいずれかは、単独でまたは任意の組み合わせで(例えば、他の合成ポリマーと、天然ポリマーと、または両方と)存在してもよい。ポリマーは、溶媒もキャリア液も含まないバルク(乾燥)ポリマーとして存在してもよく、または、溶媒溶液もしくは分散液中、もしくは水溶液もしくは分散液中に存在してもよく、または、乾燥フィルムもしくはコーティングとして存在してもよい。したがって、様々な実施形態では、安定化されるポリマーは、リグニンのスコーチ点より低い処理温度(すなわち、溶融または軟化)を有するポリマーであることができる。様々な別の実施形態では、安定化されるポリマーは、約400℃未満の処理温度を有するポリマーであることができる。
特定の実施形態では、リグニンは草本リグニンである。特定の実施形態では、草本リグニンはスイッチグラスリグニンである。特定の実施形態では、草本リグニンは、リグニンにエーテル結合する大量のヒドロキシケイ皮酸ユニット、例えばフェルラ酸およびp−クマル酸ユニットを有する。例えば、草本リグニンは、p−ヒドロキシフェニル、グアヤシル、およびシリンギル単位の混合物を含むことができる。
特定の実施形態では、リグニンは広葉樹リグニンである。例えば、広葉樹リグニンは、グアヤシル、およびシリンギル単位の混合物を含むことができる。別の特定の実施形態では、広葉樹リグニンはp−ヒドロキシフェニルを含むことができない。
本発明は、ポリマーまたはポリマー組成物の製造方法を提供し、この方法は、リグニン、例えば草本リグニンまたは広葉樹リグニン、およびポリマー担体を組み合わせる工程を含む。ポリマー担体の例としては、ポリプロピレン、エチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、ポリ酢酸ビニル(PVA)、塩素化ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン(ABS)コポリマー、エチレン−酢酸ビニルコポリマー、PVC/ABSブレンド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、アクリル、スチレン−アクリル、ポリアミド、ナイロン、エラストマー、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、本明細書に記載の方法により生成される生成物に関する。
本明細書に開示の方法または生成物のいくつかの実施形態は、以下の条項に記載され、これらの条項(またはその一部)の任意の組み合わせが作成されてもよく、本明細書に開示の方法または生成物の実施形態を定義することができる。
1.実施例1
この実施例は、ポリプロピレンの抗酸化剤としてのスイッチグラスリグニンの効果を示し、それを広葉樹リグニンおよびクラフトリグニン、ならびに市販の抗酸化剤と比較する。全ての試料は、ASTM 2009−02(示差走査熱量測定(DSC)による炭化水素の酸化開始温度の標準試験方法)を用いて評価され、ASTM 2009−02では、酸化開始温度(OOT)が高いほど酸化分解に対する安定性が向上すると考えられている。全ての試料はポリプロピレン、具体的にはBapoleneR 4012F(Bamberger Polymer、Inc.、Houston、TX、USA)を用いて調製され、それは12.0g/10分(ASTM D−1238、230C/2,160g)のメルトフローの調合/押出グレードのポリプロピレンとして市販されている。試料をドライブレンドし(ポリプロピレン、リグニン抗酸化剤または市販の抗酸化剤、および加工助剤として0.5重量%のステアリン酸亜鉛)、そして共回転20mmのツインスクリュー押出機に直接供給した。試料を押し出してペレットを製造し、それを小さなディスク(約2.6mg)にカットし、OOT試験のために正確に重量を量った(3回実行)。試料は、空気中のDSCによって、Tzeroアルミニウムパン(TA Instruments、New Castle,DE,USA)で別々に試験され、試料は、50mL/分の空気流で20℃/分の速度で温度を上げる前に50℃で平衡にされた。試料には、図1に示すように、様々な量の各テスト抗酸化剤(0、0.1、0.3、0.5または0.6、および1.0重量%)を含有した。
マスターバッチ(MB)A−Fの成分を表1に示す。
例示的な組成物の成分を表5(重量%)および表6(グラム)に示す(注:1つのペレットが500gを保持する)。
例示的な組成物の酸化開始温度(OOT)の概要を表9および図2に示す。
例示的な組成物のUV試験の結果は、表10および11ならびに図3Aおよび図3Bに示される。
例示的な組成物の熱試験の結果は、表12〜14および図4A〜Cに示される。
例示的な組成物の基準の酸化開始温度(OOT)試験の結果を表15、表16、および図5に示す。
例示的な組成基準の酸化開始温度(OOT)試験に対応するデータを、それぞれ表17i〜xiiおよび図6A〜Lに示す。
Claims (20)
- 熱可塑性ポリマーおよびバイオマスを含む組成物であって、前記バイオマスはリグニンを含み、前記組成物は前記バイオマスの重量に対して20%以下の量のセルロースおよび/またはヘミセルロースを含む、組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性ポリマーは、約400℃未満の処理温度を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性ポリマーは、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リグニンは広葉樹リグニンである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リグニンは草本リグニンである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リグニンは、グアヤシル単位およびシリンギル単位の混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 約232℃〜約250℃の酸化開始温度を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リグニンが約2マイクロメートル〜約8マイクロメートルの平均粒子径を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リグニンは超臨界加水分解によって調製される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リグニンは、バイオマスを約340℃〜約400℃の温度および約225bar〜約250barの圧力を有する流体にさらすことにより調製される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマーはポリプロピレンであり、前記リグニンは約0.5重量%〜約1.5重量%の濃度で存在する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1の組成物を含むコーティング組成物またはフィルム。
- 請求項1の組成物を含むパーソナルケア組成物。
- 請求項1の組成物を製造する方法であって、前記方法は、
(a)バイオマスを約340℃〜約400℃の温度および約225bar〜約250barの圧力を有する流体にさらすことによりリグニンを得る工程と、
(b)前記リグニンを前記熱可塑性ポリマーと混合する工程と、
を含む、方法。 - 前記熱可塑性ポリマーは、約400℃未満の処理温度を有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記熱可塑性ポリマーは、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記リグニンは広葉樹リグニンである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記リグニンは草本リグニンである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物は約232℃〜約250℃の酸化開始温度を有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記リグニンは約2マイクロメートル〜約8マイクロメートルの平均粒子径を有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
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US20200270418A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
US11873384B2 (en) | 2024-01-16 |
CA3073072A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
EP3679048A4 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
KR20200049849A (ko) | 2020-05-08 |
CN111465609A (zh) | 2020-07-28 |
BR112020004598A2 (pt) | 2020-10-13 |
EP3679048A1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
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