JP2020520422A - Experimental device and method for artificial formation freezing with multi-parameter dynamic sampling - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an experimental apparatus and an experimental method for artificial formation freezing that enables multi-parameter dynamic sampling. The experimental apparatus includes a soil sample container, a data collection system, a hydraulic system, and a freezing system, the soil sample container includes an upper lid, a cylinder, and a bottom plate, and the data collection system is , A data collection panel, a moisture collection means, and a salt collection means, the freezing system, a refrigerator, a liquid supply pipe, a liquid return pipe, and a refrigerator, the refrigerator, Used to generate and pump a cold or hot medium, which medium exchanges heat with the soil sample in the freezer. The experimental apparatus can freeze or forcibly defrost the soil sample in the artificial formation, and can dynamically collect data of a plurality of parameters such as water, salt content, temperature, and displacement of the soil sample in the freezing process. , It is possible to simulate the test environment of salt seafloor formation freezing, it can be used for the study on the freezing rules of salted frozen soil, and it can provide a reference for the design and construction of the method of freezing salted seabed formation. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to the field of artificial formation freezing methods, and more particularly to an experimental formation and an experimental method for artificial formation freezing capable of multi-parameter dynamic sampling.

At present, the artificial formation freezing method is the main method for constructing underground water-rich soft soil layers. This method is widely used in domestic shaft excavation and tunnel construction. In recent years, in the process of construction of subway tunnels in the eastern coastal region of Japan, a large amount of near-sea salted ground layers have appeared. This strata has a high salt content and is characterized by the fact that groundwater is active. Here, in the soil of the stratum, due to complicated physical changes such as water transfer, salt transfer, frost heave, and salt top in the freezing process, there is a large difference in physical mechanical parameters between the formed frozen soil and ordinary frozen soil. It came to be. However, there is a shortage of systematic trials on salted frozen soils in the immediate area.

Although the frozen soil test block test can more accurately reflect each characteristic of the test block, the data provided for the test block test are intuitive to the actual process because there are large differences with the freezing rules of soil in the actual process. Cannot be taught. The similarity model test is an important test means for process feasibility analysis, and the accuracy of the test result is mainly limited to the similarity ratio between the test model and the actual process. The degree of restoration increases, and the reference value of the test results for the process increases.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an experimental apparatus and an experimental method for artificial formation freezing, which enables multi-parameter dynamic sampling. The experimental apparatus can freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample in the artificial formation, and can dynamically collect data of a plurality of parameters such as water, salt content, temperature, and displacement of the soil sample in the freezing process.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

An experimental device for artificial formation freezing, which is capable of multi-parameter dynamic sampling for simulating a test environment for inland salted formation freezing, which can freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample of the artificial formation, and a soil sample container, Equipped with a data collection system and a freezing system,
The soil sample container has a top cover, a cylinder, and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is fixed to the bottom end of the cylinder, and the top cover is placed on the top end of the cylinder, the top cover. A chamber is surrounded by the cylindrical body and the bottom plate, the upper lid is movable up and down, a central hole is provided in the upper lid, and a plurality of first lead wire holes are formed in a side wall of the cylindrical body. Is provided,
The data collecting system includes a data collecting panel, a water collecting means, and a salt collecting means, the data collecting panel is horizontally provided in the chamber, and the chamber is provided with a first accommodation space and a second containing space. The first storage space is located above the second storage space and is used to store the soil sample, and the data collection panel includes a plurality of salt collection elements. A plurality of moisture collecting elements are provided, the moisture collecting means dynamically collects moisture data of the soil sample by the moisture collecting element, and the salt collecting means is salt data of the soil sample by the salt collecting element. Dynamic sampling, the data collection panel is movable up and down in the chamber,
The freezing system includes a refrigerator, a liquid supply pipe, a liquid return pipe, and a refrigerator, the refrigerator is provided in the first accommodation space in a vertical direction, and the bottom of the refrigerator is provided. An end is connected to the data collection panel, a top end of the refrigerator extends out of the soil sample container through the center hole, the refrigerator includes the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, respectively. The refrigerator is connected to the top end of the refrigerator and is used to generate and pump a low-temperature or high-temperature medium, and the refrigerator, the liquid supply pipe, the refrigerator, the liquid return pipe, and the refrigerator. Sequentially communicate with each other to form a circulation circuit of the medium, and the medium is capable of multi-parameter dynamic sampling for heat exchange with the soil sample in the refrigerator so as to freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample. Experimental device for artificial formation freezing.

In the experimental apparatus, further, the upper lid is an annular structure, the upper lid is a combination of an inner layer cover plate and an outer layer cover plate, the inner layer cover plate is a plastic material, the outer layer cover plate is A metal material, the outer cover plate is provided on the upper surface of the inner cover plate, the lower surface of the inner cover plate contacts the soil sample, preferably, the inner cover plate is a plurality of Connected by a fan-shaped inner inner plate of the above, each of the connecting portions of the two fan-shaped inner inner plates is provided with a convex edge extending upward, the convex edge extending above the outer layer cover plate, A plurality of bolt holes are respectively provided on the edges, and a plurality of first bolts sequentially connect the plurality of fan-shaped annular inner plates through the plurality of bolt holes, and preferably, the outer layer cover plate has a plurality of It is composed of a fan-shaped annular outer plate, the upper surface of the plurality of fan-shaped annular inner plate is provided with a fan-shaped annular groove, respectively, the plurality of fan-shaped annular outer plate is fitted into the fan-shaped annular groove, preferably, The inner cover plate is composed of the two fan-shaped inner plates, preferably the inner cover plate is made of polyvinyl chloride, and preferably the outer cover plate is made of aluminum alloy. Preferably, each fan-shaped annular outer plate is provided with a first groove, and a handle is provided in the first groove, and the handle and the fan-shaped annular outer plate are rotatably connected to each other. A horizontal tester is further provided in the first groove, and preferably a first seal ring is provided on the outer circumference of the upper lid.

In the above experimental apparatus, the tubular body further includes an outer tube and an inner tube provided inside the outer tube, the inner tube is made of a plastic material, and the outer tube is made of a metal material. The outer wall of the outer cylinder is provided with a plurality of annular reinforcing ribs, and one of the reinforcing ribs is provided with a plurality of circular second grooves at the same height at equal intervals. A first lead wire hole is provided in the second groove, and the first lead wire hole penetrates the reinforcing rib, the outer cylinder, and the inner cylinder, and an inner wall of the first lead wire hole. Is provided with a screw thread and a plastic screw can be attached thereto, a vertical scale line is provided on the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and the data collection panel is placed on the inner wall of the inner cylinder. A load-bearing ring for
The bottom plate is provided with a second lead wire hole, the outer edge of the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of screw holes for connecting to the cylindrical body, and the bottom plate is provided with a convex base. A first lead wire groove passing through the second lead wire hole is provided on the lower surface of the bottom plate, the inner diameter of the cylindrical body is 0.1 to 2 m, and the depth is 0.5 to 2 m. Yes, preferably, the inner diameter of the cylindrical body is 1 m, the depth is 1 m, preferably, the three reinforcing ribs are respectively provided at the top end, the bottom end and the central portion of the outer cylinder, Preferably, the inner cylinder is made of a polyvinyl chloride material, preferably the outer cylinder is made of an aluminum alloy material, and preferably, the reinforcing rib provided at the bottom end of the cylinder has a plurality of vertical ribs. Directional screw holes are provided, and the plurality of second bolts secure the tubular body to the bottom plate through the plurality of screw holes.

In the above experimental apparatus, the data collection panel further comprises an upper layer panel and a lower layer panel, the data collection panel is provided with a third lead hole, and a refrigerator is provided at a central position of the upper layer panel. A base is provided, the refrigerator is connected to the refrigerator base, a plurality of second seal rings are provided at an outer edge of the upper layer panel, and a plurality of second seal rings are provided in the upper layer panel along a radial direction. A lead wire groove is provided, a plurality of element placement holes are provided for each second lead wire groove, and one salt collection element and one moisture collection element are provided for each element placement hole. The salt collecting element comprises a salt collecting probe, an element base, and a salt data line, the salt collecting probe is provided in the soil sample, and is fixed in the element placement hole by the element base, and the salt A sampling probe is connected to the salinity data line, the moisture sampling element comprises a moisture sampling probe, an element base, and a moisture data line, the moisture sampling probe being provided on the soil sample and by the element base. The moisture sampling probe is fixed in the element placement hole, is connected to the moisture data line, the salinity data line and the moisture data line are respectively provided in the second lead groove, and The salt data line is connected to the data line of the salt collecting means, and is drawn out of the cylinder through the third lead wire hole, the second housing space, and the second lead wire hole in order, and the moisture data line. Is connected to the data line of the water sampling means, and preferably, the salt data line and the water data line in the second accommodation space are provided in spring cables, respectively.
Preferably, the upper layer panel is made of a plastic material, the lower layer panel is made of a metal material, the lower layer panel is provided in a circular groove on the lower surface of the upper layer panel, and preferably the second Two seal rings are provided, preferably, the upper layer panel is made of polyvinyl chloride material, preferably the lower layer panel is made of aluminum alloy material, and preferably, each of the second lead wire grooves is formed. Is provided with the five element arrangement holes.

In the above-mentioned experimental device, the data collection system further includes a temperature collection panel horizontally provided on a soil sample in a central portion of the first accommodation space and configured by an inner ring, an outer ring and a plurality of steel strands. Furthermore, the steel strands are respectively connected to the inner ring and the outer ring, a plurality of temperature sampling elements are provided for each of the steel strands, and a temperature data line is provided for each of the temperature sampling elements. A third lead wire groove is provided on the outer edge of the outer ring, and the temperature data lines are provided in the third lead wire groove; Entering the first lead wire hole and connected to the data line of the temperature sampling means through the first lead wire hole, and when gathered, the spring wire sleeve is arranged outside all the temperature data lines, The temperature sampling data line is connected to the data line of the temperature data sampling means after passing through the first lead wire hole, the temperature sampling means dynamically sampling the temperature data of the soil sample by the temperature sampling element, and A temperature collecting panel is movable up and down in the cylinder, preferably six steel strands are provided and are evenly distributed radially, preferably the temperature collecting element is made of constantan and copper wire. Is a thermocouple.

The above experimental apparatus further includes a hydraulic system including a hydraulic control device, an oil pipe, and a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic control device supplies oil to the hydraulic cylinder via the oil pipe, The hydraulic cylinder is provided in the second accommodating space, the hydraulic cylinder has a bottom end connected to the bottom plate, and a top end abutted against the data collection panel, and the hydraulic control device includes the oil pipe. The elevation of the hydraulic cylinder can be controlled, the elevation of the hydraulic cylinder can drive the elevation of the data collection panel, the hydraulic cylinder is a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, and preferably the hydraulic cylinder is Four cylinder tanks are preferably provided on the convex base, and a bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder is provided in each of the cylinder tanks. Preferably, four cylinder tanks are provided. ..

In the experimental device, further, the refrigerator has a freezing facility, a heating facility and a pumping facility, and can realize a function of freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample, and at the bottom end of the refrigerator. , A screw end is provided, the refrigerator is screwed to the refrigerator base via the screw end, the top end of the refrigerator extends outside the upper lid through the central hole, and the refrigerator is A casing structure comprising an inner pipe and an outer pipe arranged on the outer circumference of the inner pipe, wherein the outer diameter of the outer pipe is 8 to 159 mm, and the outer diameter of the inner pipe is equal to that of the outer pipe. √2/2 times the outer diameter, the bottom end of the outer pipe is sealed, the bottom of the inner pipe communicates with the bottom of the outer pipe, and the top end communicates with the liquid supply pipe, The liquid return pipe is connected to the upper side wall of the outer pipe, and the top end of the outer pipe is provided with a protruding ring for closing the outer pipe.
A control valve for opening and closing the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe is provided at one end of the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe near the refrigerator, respectively, and the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe are provided. At one end of the refrigerator close to the refrigerator, a manual adjustment valve is provided, and at the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, flowmeters are provided, respectively, at a portion extending outside the upper lid of the refrigerator. Is provided with a heat insulating cover, preferably, the heat insulating cover is deformable in order to accommodate the movement of the upper lid, preferably, the medium is alcohol, preferably the inner tube and the outer The tube is a material of red copper pipe, and preferably, the outer diameter of the refrigerator is 80 mm.

In the above experimental apparatus, further, a displacement sampling device is further provided, and the two displacement sampling devices are provided on the upper surface of the upper lid so as to sample the displacement amount of the upper lid during the process of freezing the soil sample. The displacement sampling device includes a displacement gauge, a horizontal beam, a vertical column, and a displacement device base, the vertical column is provided at the top end of the cylindrical body by the displacement device base, and the horizontal beam is the upper lid. Provided in parallel with, one end of the horizontal beam is arranged on the vertical column and fixed by knob bolts, the horizontal beam is vertically movable along the vertical column, and the displacement gauge is provided on the upper surface of the upper lid. The displacement gauge is erected upright, the bottom end of the displacement gauge is brought into contact with the upper surface of the upper lid, and the displacement gauge is fixed to the other end of the lateral beam by a knob bolt.

On the other hand, the present invention further provides a method for conducting an experiment using an experimental formation freezing experiment device capable of multi-parameter dynamic sampling.

A level is used to detect the location of the soil sample container to ensure that the soil sample container rests on the horizontal ground, the top lid is removed, the hydraulic control of the hydraulic system is activated, and the hydraulic cylinders The data collection panel is raised to the top end of the soil sample container by propelling and raising the collection panel, and the water collection probe and the salt collection probe provided on the data collection panel are inspected, and after the inspection is completed, the control to the hydraulic cylinder is performed. Sub-step 1.1) of returning the data collection panel to the bottom position of the soil sample container by means of attaching the freezer to the freezer base of the data collection panel and mounting the test equipment for inspection.
After the installation and inspection of sub-step 1.1) is completed, the soil sample container is filled layer by layer, and when the soil sample is filled parallel to the first lead hole of the soil sample container, the level is set. Measure the flatness of the plane filled with soil sample using, adjust the soil sample filling until the plane is horizontal, then install the temperature sampling panel in the soil sample container, and read the temperature data line as the first lead. Pull out from the wire hole and seal the gap of the first lead wire hole above it, control the height of the soil sample filled via the graduation line on the inner cylinder, and fill the soil sample to the position on the lower surface of the top lid. Then, measure the flatness of the soil sample plane using a level and adjust the soil sample plane until it is horizontal, then attach the top lid and use a horizontal tester to make the top lid horizontal. Sub-step 1.2) called soil sample filling, in which the displacement sampling device is mounted on the top surface of the top lid after measuring whether or not the top lid meets the required horizontal level.
After the soil sample filling in sub-step 1.2) is completed, a heat insulating cover is attached to the part extended from the upper lid of the refrigerator, and the inner tube of the refrigerator communicates with the refrigerator via the liquid supply pipe to freeze. The outer pipe of the refrigerator communicates with the refrigerator via the liquid return pipe.A manual adjustment valve is attached to one end of the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe near the refrigerator, and a control valve is connected to one end near the refrigerator. Sub-step 1.3) of installing valves respectively, installing flowmeters between the manual adjusting valve and the control valve, and connecting a cryotube.
The temperature sampling element is connected to the data line of the temperature sampling means via the temperature data line, the salt sampling element is connected to the data line of the salt sampling means via the salt data line, and the moisture sampling element is connected to the moisture data line. Sub-step 1.4) of connecting to the data line of the water sampling means via the
Step 1) of exam preparation with
Sub-step 2.1) of starting the refrigeration equipment of the refrigerator and reducing the temperature of the medium to -30°C.
1. Sub-step of opening the control valve and the manual adjustment valve in the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, respectively, and then starting the pumping device of the refrigerator, and controlling the flow rate of the medium by the manual adjustment valve based on the flow meter. 2) and
A sub-step of activating temperature sampling means, moisture sampling means and salt sampling means, automatically sampling temperature, moisture and salt data of the soil sample and manually sampling the freezing rate of the soil sample using the displacement sampling device. 2.3),
When the values of the temperature data collected by the temperature collection means become similar in three consecutive times, the soil sample becomes in a steady freezing state, stops pumping the medium and stops the data collection system, Sub-step 2.4)
The medium is heated to 40° C. and pumped using the heating equipment of the refrigerator, forced thawing is performed on the frozen soil sample, and the thawing status is monitored using the temperature sampling means, and the temperature of the soil sample is checked. When the temperature reaches 0°C or higher, the thawing is terminated, the control valve is closed to stop the circulation of the medium, and sub-step 2.3) is repeated in the process of thawing the soil sample, and the temperature, water content, salt content, and freezing of the soil sample are frozen. Substep 2.5) of automatically collecting rate data respectively,
Disconnect the connection between the liquid supply pipe and liquid return pipe and the refrigerator, and push the data collection panel by the hydraulic cylinder to move it upward, thus pushing the soil body to move it upward, When the data collection panel is pushed to a position close to the plane position in the first lead hole, the soil sample above the plane in which the first lead hole is located in the soil sample container is removed, and the temperature data line Disconnecting the data line of the temperature sampling means, disconnecting the temperature sampling panel, closing the first lead hole with a plastic screw, and using a hydraulic cylinder to connect the data sampling panel to the top of the soil sample container. Press and hold to remove all soil samples, arrange the data collection panel, inspect the water collection probe and the salt collection probe, and after the inspection is completed, control the hydraulic cylinder to move the data collection panel to the soil sample container. Sub-step 2.6) of returning to the bottom position of
Change the soil sample and repeat sub-steps 1.2) to 1.4) and step 2) to perform a test on another soil sample, and automatically collect temperature, moisture, salinity, and freezing rate data. Sub-step 2.7) of performing
And step 2) of conducting a test,
The temperature monitoring data of the same wheel diameter acquired at the same time point in a single test is selected, data having a large difference from other data is removed, and the average value for accurate data is taken as the temperature at that position at that time. Step 3 called test data processing, which is obtained as measurement data, and a change rule of temperature at different positions on the same plane with time is created in a curve diagram, and data processing is also performed for salinity, moisture, and freezing in the same manner. )When,
A method for performing an experiment using an experimental device for artificial formation freezing capable of multi-parameter dynamic sampling, which comprises:

In the method of performing an experiment using the above-mentioned experimental device, further,
In sub-step 1.2), the soil sample has a soil quality of one of clay, sandy soil, and sandy clay, and the soil sample has a water content of 0 to 40%. Preferably, it is 20-40%,
In sub-step 1.2), the salt content of the aqueous solution for preparing the soil sample is 1% to 3%,
In the sub-step 1.3), the measurement time interval of the temperature sampling means is 10 to 60 min, the measurement time interval of the moisture sampling means and the salt sampling means is 30 to 60 min, and the data sampling time of the displacement sampling device is The interval is 30-60 min,
In the sub-step 2.6), the pushing height of the hydraulic cylinder each time is 5 to 20 cm.

As can be seen from the analysis, the present invention discloses an experimental formation and experimental method for artificial formation freezing that enables multi-parameter dynamic sampling. The experimental apparatus includes a soil sample container, a data collection system, a hydraulic system, and a freezing system, and can freeze or forcibly defrost the soil sample in the artificial stratum, and the water content, salt content, and temperature of the soil sample in the freezing process. It is possible to dynamically collect data of a plurality of parameters such as the displacement and the displacement. The experimental device can simulate the test environment of salt seafloor formation freezing, can be used to study the freezing rules of salted frozen soil, and can provide a reference to the design and construction of the salt seafloor freezing plan.

The drawings in the specification, which is a part of the present application, are for the purpose of providing a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic examples of the present invention and the description thereof are for the purpose of interpreting the present invention and do not constitute an inappropriate limitation to the present invention.
The schematic diagram of the structure of one Example of this invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of an upper lid according to an embodiment of the present invention. The model front view of the cylinder of one Example of this invention. The schematic plan view of the bottom plate of one Example of this invention. 1 is a schematic plan view of a data collection panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. The schematic plan view of the temperature collection panel of one Example of this invention. The schematic diagram of the structure of the displacement sampling device of one Example of this invention. The schematic diagram of the structure of the refrigerator of one Example of this invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of assembling a salt collecting element and a water collecting element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The enlarged schematic diagram of the A location of FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of portion B in FIG. 1.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Therefore, it is desirable that the present invention include the modifications and variations described above that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

In the description of the present invention, “vertical direction”, “horizontal direction”, “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top” ”, “middle”, “bottom”, and other terms indicate the azimuth or positional relationship based on the attached drawings, and are merely for facilitating the description of the present invention. It is not to be understood as a limitation to the present invention as it does not require that it be configured or operated in a particular orientation. The terms "connecting", "connection", and "providing" used in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense, and may be, for example, solidification, detachable connection, direct connection, or intermediate member. Indirect connection, wired connection, wireless connection, or wireless communication signal connection may be used. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 11, according to the embodiment of the present invention, a soil sample in an artificial formation can be frozen or forcibly thawed, and a plurality of parameters such as water content, salt content, temperature, and displacement of the soil sample in the freezing process. An experimental apparatus for artificial stratification freezing is provided that can dynamically collect the data of the above. The experimental equipment is. The experimental device includes a soil sample container 1, a data collection system 2, and a freezing system 4.

The soil sample container 1 has a hollow columnar structure, and has an upper lid 11, a cylindrical body 12, and a bottom plate 13. The bottom plate 13 is fixed to the bottom end of the tubular body 12, the upper lid 11 is placed on the top end of the tubular body 12, and is surrounded by the upper lid 11, the tubular body 12, and the bottom plate 13 so as to form one chamber. Be done. The upper lid 11 is used to cover the soil sample and can move up and down. A central hole 113 is provided at the center of the upper lid 11, and a plurality of first lead wire holes 124 are provided on the side wall of the cylindrical body 12.

The data collecting system 2 has a data collecting panel 21, a water collecting means 25, and a salt collecting means 26. The data collecting panel 21 is horizontally provided in the chamber, and the chamber is defined as the first accommodation space 15. The second storage space 16 is fractionated. The first storage space 15 is located above the second storage space 16 and is used to store the soil sample. The data collection panel 21 is provided with a plurality of salt collection elements 213 and a plurality of water collection elements 214. The moisture sampling means 25 dynamically collects the moisture data of the soil sample by the moisture sampling element 214. The salt collecting means 26 dynamically collects the salt data of the soil sample by the salt collecting element 213. The data collection panel 21 can move up and down in the cylindrical body 12.

The freezing system 4 has a refrigerator 41, a liquid supply pipe 42, a liquid return pipe 43, and a refrigerator 44, and the refrigerator 44 is provided vertically in the soil sample of the first accommodation space 15. The bottom end of the refrigerator 44 is connected to the data collection panel 21, the top end of the refrigerator 44 extends to the outside of the soil sample container 1 through the central hole 113, and the refrigerator has a liquid supply pipe 42 and a liquid supply pipe 42, respectively. It is connected to the top end of the refrigerator 44 via the return pipe 43 and is used to generate and pump a low temperature or high temperature medium. The refrigerator 41, the liquid supply pipe 42, the refrigerator 44, the liquid return pipe 43, and the refrigerator communicate in order to form a medium circulation circuit. The freezer 44 can freeze or force thaw the soil sample.

Specifically, the refrigerator 41 lowers or raises the temperature of the medium and causes the refrigerator 44 to pump the medium via the liquid supply pipe 42. The freezer 44 exchanges heat with the soil sample, and can further freeze or thaw the soil sample. The medium that has completed heat exchange returns to the refrigerator 41 via the liquid return pipe 43 and completes circulation. During the process of freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample, the water sampling element 214 and the salt sampling element 213 provided in the soil sample dynamically collect the water and salt content data of the soil sample, and collect the data respectively. It is transmitted to the means 25 and the salt collecting means 26, data processing is performed by a personal computer, a curve diagram is created according to the rule, and it is used for studying the freezing rule of the salted frozen soil. References can be provided for construction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper lid 11 has an annular structure and is formed by combining an inner layer cover plate 111 and an outer layer cover plate 112. The inner layer cover plate 111 is made of a plastic material, and the outer layer cover plate 112 is The outer cover plate 112, which is made of metal, is provided on the upper surface of the inner cover plate 111, and the lower surface of the inner cover plate 111 contacts the soil sample. Preferably, the inner layer cover plate 111 is connected by a plurality of fan-shaped annular inner plates, and at the connecting points of the two fan-shaped annular inner plates, convex edges 114 extending upward are provided respectively, and the convex edges 114 are The convex edge 114 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes, which extend above the outer layer cover plate 112, and the plurality of first bolts 115 sequentially connect the plurality of fan-shaped annular inner plates through the plurality of bolt holes. The inner cover plate 111 is composed of two fan-shaped inner plates in order to facilitate the attachment/detachment and reduce the interference with the soil sample due to the attachment of the top lid 11. Preferably, the outer layer cover plate is composed of a plurality of fan-shaped outer plates, each fan-shaped outer plate is provided with a fan-shaped annular groove on the upper surface, and the plurality of fan-shaped outer plates are arranged in the fan-shaped annular groove. Is inserted into. Preferably, the inner cover plate 111 is made of polyvinyl chloride, and the minimum temperature resistance of polyvinyl chloride reaches −40° C., which has a good heat retaining effect. The outer cover plate 112 is made of aluminum alloy, which has good deformation resistance ability, smaller density, and simple processing process. Preferably, each convex edge 114 is provided with three first bolts 115. Preferably, the upper lid 11 is composed of two fan-shaped inner layer cover plates 111. In order to facilitate the attachment/detachment of the upper lid 11 and to prevent the inconvenience of the next element attachment by the handle 118, preferably, each fan-shaped outer plate is provided with a first groove 117, respectively. A handle 118 is provided in 117, and the handle 118 is rotatably connected to a fan-shaped annular outer plate. The handle 118 is installed horizontally in the first groove 117 when not in use, and is disposed in the first groove 117. A horizontal tester 116 for measuring the levelness of the upper lid 11 is further provided.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10, on the outer periphery of the upper lid 11, two first seal rings 119 that seal the gap between the upper lid 11 and the cylindrical body 12 are provided so as to prevent the soil sample temperature from flowing away. It is provided.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the cylindrical body 12 includes an outer cylinder 121 and an inner cylinder 122 provided inside the outer cylinder 121, and an inner wall of the outer cylinder 121 contacts an outer wall of the inner cylinder 122. The inner cylinder 122 is made of a plastic material, the outer cylinder 121 is made of a metal material, and the outer wall of the outer cylinder 121 is provided with a plurality of annular reinforcing ribs 123. Here, a plurality of circular second grooves 125 having the same height are provided at equal intervals on one reinforcing rib 123 located in the center of the outer cylinder 121, and four second grooves 125 are provided. Is preferred. The first lead wire hole 124 is provided in the second groove 125, and each of the first lead wire hole 124 has a reinforcing rib 123 located in the central portion of the outer cylinder 121, an outer cylinder 121, and an inner cylinder 122. , Through. The inner wall of the first lead wire hole 124 is provided with a screw thread so that the plastic screw 126 can be attached. The plastic screw 126 includes a screw rod and a cylindrical end portion with a cross groove. The dimension of the cylindrical end is slightly smaller than the opening of the second groove 125, and the inner cylinder 122 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 121 by the plastic screw 126. By installing in this way, it is possible to prevent the movement of the inner cylinder 122 in the process in which the data collection panel 21 pushes the soil sample to move it upward. The inner wall of the inner cylinder 122 is provided with vertical scale lines for controlling the filling amount of the soil sample. A load bearing ring 128 is provided on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 122 near the bottom end, and the load bearing ring 128 engages with the data collection panel 21 to position the data collection panel 21 and assist the load bearing. Has been done. In this way, it is possible to prevent the amount of downward movement of the data collection panel 21 from becoming excessive during the downward movement, and to assist the withstand load of the hydraulic cylinder 33 during the test. Preferably, three reinforcing ribs 123 are provided, and are provided at the top end, bottom end, and central portion of the outer cylinder 121, respectively. Preferably, the inner cylinder 122 is made of polyvinyl chloride and the outer cylinder 121 is made of stainless steel. A plurality of screw holes are provided in the vertical direction in the reinforcing rib 123 provided at the bottom end of the tubular body 12, and the plurality of second bolts 127 secure the tubular body 12 to the bottom plate 13.

In the near sea salted formation freezing step, the interval between adjacent frozen tubes is about 1 m, and the maximum diameter at which one frozen tube functions is 2 m. In order to reproduce the freezing process of a single pipe relatively accurately in the field, the diameter of the cylindrical body 12 is determined by the similarity ratio with the actual process, and the similarity ratio is 1 to 20. Good. Therefore, the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 12 is 0.1 to 2 m, and the similarity ratio is preferably 2 in order to ensure the effect of the similarity model test and reduce the work of exchanging earthwork. Yes, and correspondingly, the inner diameter of the cylindrical body 12 is 1 m. Since the height of the cylinder body 12 needs to satisfy the requirements for the space for arrangement of the measuring elements and to provide the refrigerator 44 with a sufficient depth to function, the depth of the cylinder body 12 is 0.5. ~2 m. In order to reduce the amount of excavation for earthwork and the difficulty of arranging the salt collecting element 213, the water collecting element 214, and the temperature collecting element 231, the height of the cylindrical body 12 is preferably 1 m.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a second lead wire hole 131 is provided at the center of the bottom plate 13, and the outer edge of the bottom plate 13 is connected to the cylindrical body 12 by the second bolt 127. Of the plurality of screw holes are evenly provided. Preferably, the number of screw holes is six. A convex base 132 is provided on the bottom plate 13, and a first lead wire groove 134 is provided on the lower surface thereof along the radial direction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the data collection panel 21 is composed of an upper layer panel 215 and a lower layer panel 216. The upper panel 215 is made of plastic, preferably polyvinyl chloride. The lower layer panel 216 is made of a metal material, preferably an aluminum alloy material. The lower layer panel 216 is fitted in a circular groove on the lower surface of the upper layer panel 215, and the data collection panel 21 is provided with a third lead wire hole 218. A refrigerator base 219 for attaching the refrigerator 44 is provided at the center of the upper panel 215. It is preferable that a plurality of second lead wire grooves 211 are provided in the upper panel 215 along the radial direction, and that there are four second lead wire grooves 211 and that they are evenly distributed around the circle center of the upper panel 215. The second lead wire groove 211 is provided with a plurality of element placement holes 212 each having a diameter of 2 cm. Preferably, there are five element placement holes 212 and they are distributed at equal intervals. The element placement hole 212 is provided with one salt collecting element 213 and one water collecting element 214, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of second seal rings 217 are provided on the outer edge of the upper layer panel 215. There are preferably two second seal rings 217. By installing in this way, it is possible to ensure that there is no gap between the data collection panel 21 and the inner cylinder 122, and the soil sample falls through the gap during the freezing experiment, affecting the experimental effect. It is possible to prevent giving.

As shown in FIG. 9, the salt collecting element 213 includes a salt collecting probe 220, an element base 221, and a salt data line 222. The salt collecting probe 220 is embedded in a soil sample and is inserted through the element base 221. It is fixed in the element placement hole 212. The salt collection probe 220 is connected to the salt data line 222 through the element base 221. The moisture sampling element 214 includes a moisture sampling probe 223, an element base 221, and a moisture data line 224. The moisture sampling probe 223 is embedded in a soil sample, and is fixed in the element placement hole 212 via the element base 221. It is set up. The moisture sampling probe 223 is connected to the moisture data line 224 through the element base 221.

Preferably, the element base 221 has a semi-circular structure, and the element base 221 of the salt collection element 213 is combined with the element base 221 of the moisture collection element 214 to form a circular structure, which matches the shape of the element placement hole 212. ..

The salinity data line 222 and the moisture data line 224 are provided in the second lead wire groove 211, respectively, and pass through the third lead wire hole 218, the second accommodating space 16, and the second lead wire hole 131 in this order to form a cylinder. It is pulled out of the body 12. The salt data line 222 is connected to the data line of the salt sampling means 26, and the moisture data line is connected to the data line of the moisture sampling means 25. Here, the salt data line 222 and the moisture data line 224 in the second storage space 16 are provided by spring cables. By installing in this way, the withdrawal resistance of the salinity data line 222 and the moisture data line 224 can be enhanced, and the integrity of the data collection panel 21 can be guaranteed, thus increasing the reuse rate.

The moisture sampling element 214 can employ a moisture measuring means in which the diameter of the element base 221 is smaller than the element arrangement hole 212 (that is, the diameter of the element base 221 is smaller than 2 cm). The moisture sampling means 25 is preferably a TDR3000 moisture velocity measuring device in consideration of convenience of data sampling and adaptability to a low temperature environment. The TDR3000 moisture velocity measuring device is connected to a personal computer through a serial communication interface, and can automatically obtain moisture data. The sampling temperature is in the range of -40 to 70°C so as to satisfy the temperature requirement of the freezing experiment.

The salt collecting element 213 can employ a salt measuring means in which the diameter of the element base 221 is smaller than the element arrangement hole 212 (that is, the diameter of the element base 221 is smaller than 2 cm). The salt collecting means 26 is preferably a TZS-EC salt content collecting means in consideration of the convenience of data collection. The TZS-EC salt content sampling means can be connected to a personal computer so as to realize sampling of salt data at a plurality of points.

Furthermore, the data collection system 2 further includes a temperature collection panel 23. As shown in FIG. 6, the temperature sampling panel 23 is horizontally provided on the soil sample in the central portion of the first accommodation space 15. The temperature collection panel 23 includes an inner ring 232, an outer ring 233, and a plurality of steel strands 234, and the steel strands 234 are connected to the inner ring 232 and the outer ring 233, respectively. It is preferable that six steel strands 234 are provided radially evenly. Each of the steel strands 234 is evenly provided with a plurality of temperature sampling elements 231, and each of the temperature sampling elements 231 can sample the temperature at one location. In this way, it was possible to collect temperature data at different positions. The accuracy of the data is improved by taking the average value of the normal data of the measuring points at the same wheel diameter. Each of the temperature sampling elements 231 is connected to a temperature data line 235, a third lead wire groove 236 is provided on the outer edge of the outer ring 233, and the temperature data line 235 is provided in the third lead wire groove 236. All the temperature sampling data lines are put into the first lead wire hole 124 after being aggregated, and are connected to the data line of the temperature data collecting means through the first lead wire hole 124. When aggregated, the spring wire sleeve 237 is located outside all temperature sampling data lines. The temperature collecting data line is connected to the data line of the temperature data collecting means after passing through the first lead wire hole 124, and the temperature collecting means 24 dynamically collects the temperature data of the soil sample by the temperature collecting element 231 and The sampling panel 23 can be moved up and down in the cylindrical body 12, and by installing the spring wire sleeve 237, the pulling resistance of the temperature data line 235 can be increased and the integrity of the temperature sampling panel 23 can be guaranteed. As a result, the reuse rate has been increased. The temperature sampling element 231 is preferably a thermocouple made of constantan and copper wire.

Furthermore, the experimental device further includes a hydraulic system 3 including a hydraulic control device 31, an oil pipe 32, and a hydraulic cylinder 33. The oil pipe 32 is drawn out of the soil sample container 1 from the first lead wire groove 134 and communicates with the hydraulic control device 31. The hydraulic control device 31 supplies oil to the hydraulic cylinder 33 via an oil pipe 32. The plurality of hydraulic cylinders 33 are provided in the second accommodation space 16. The top end of the hydraulic cylinder 33 is in contact with the data collection panel 21. The hydraulic control device 31 can control the lifting and lowering of the hydraulic cylinder 33 so that the oil pipe 32 can push and lift the data sampling panel 21.

The hydraulic cylinders 33 are multistage hydraulic cylinders 33, and preferably four hydraulic cylinders 33 are provided. The multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 33 has a relatively small installation space and can provide a relatively large propulsion height.

Preferably, the convex base 132 is provided with four cylinder tanks 133, and the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder 33 is provided inside each of the cylinder tanks 133. The diameter of the cylinder tank 133 is slightly larger than the diameter of the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 33 because the hydraulic cylinder 33 can be easily attached and fixed. Thereby, the convex base 132 can provide the hydraulic cylinder 33 with a large propulsion height.

Further, the refrigerator 41 has a freezing facility, a heating facility, and a pump transportation facility so as to realize a function of freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample. The refrigerator 44 has a screw end 443 at the bottom end, and is screwed to the refrigerator base 219 via the screw end 443. After the refrigerator 44 is attached to the base 219, the base 219 is closely attached to its bottom end so as to prevent the heat insulating effect from being influenced and prevent the soil sample from falling. The top end of the refrigerator 44 extends to the outside of the upper lid 11 through the center hole 113.

As shown in FIG. 8, the refrigerator 44 has a casing structure including an inner pipe 441 and an outer pipe 442 arranged on the outer periphery of the inner pipe 441. The bottom end of the outer tube 442 is sealed. The inner pipe 441 has a bottom portion communicating with the bottom portion of the outer pipe 442 and a top end communicating with the liquid supply pipe 42. The liquid return pipe 43 is connected to the upper side wall of the outer pipe 442. A projecting ring 444 for closing the outer tube 442 is provided at the top end of the outer tube 442.

The medium exchanges heat with the soil sample in the freezer 44, further freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample. A control valve 45 for opening and closing the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 is provided at one end of the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 near the refrigerator 41, respectively. A manual adjustment valve 46 is provided at one end near the refrigerator 44, and a flow meter 47 is provided at each of the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43. A heat insulating cover 48 is provided on a portion of the refrigerator 44 which extends to the outside of the upper lid 11, and the heat insulating cover 48 is preferably deformable in order to adapt to the movement of the upper lid 11. The medium is preferably alcohol. Since alcohol has a freezing point of −117.3° C. and a boiling point of 78° C., it can simultaneously satisfy the high temperature or low temperature requirements of the medium. Both the inner tube 441 and the outer tube 442 are preferably made of a red copper pipe. Since the red copper pipe has good thermal conductivity, the freezing or forced thawing of the soil sample can be effectively enhanced.

In the near sea salted formation freezing step, the outer diameter of the refrigerator is 159 mm. The outer diameter of the refrigerator 44 is determined by the similarity ratio, which may be 1-20. Correspondingly, the outer diameter of the outer tube 442 of the refrigerator may be 8 to 159 mm. The similarity ratio of the refrigerator 44 should match the similarity ratio of the cylinder 12. Therefore, the similarity ratio of the refrigerator 44 is 2. Correspondingly, the outer diameter of the outer tube 442 of the refrigerator 44 is 80 mm. The outer diameter of the inner pipe 441 is √2/2 times the outer diameter of the outer pipe 442 (that is, the outer diameter of the inner pipe 441 is 56 mm).

Further, the experimental device further includes a displacement sampling device 27. The two displacement sampling devices are arranged opposite to each other on the upper surface of the upper lid, and are used for sampling the displacement amount of the upper lid 11 due to the frost heave action of the soil sample in the process of freezing the soil sample. On the other hand, the final frost heave rate can be determined by taking the average value. As shown in FIG. 7, the displacement sampling device 27 includes a displacement meter 271, a displacement device base 272, a vertical column 274, and a horizontal beam 275. The upright pillar 274 is provided at the top end of the cylindrical body 12 via the displacement device base 272. The horizontal beam 275 is provided parallel to the upper lid 11, one end of which is fixed to the upright column 274 and is fixed by the knob bolt 273, and is vertically movable along the upright column 274. The displacement meter 271 is erected on the upper surface of the upper lid 11, its bottom end is in contact with the upper surface of the upper lid 11, and is fixed to the other end of the horizontal beam 275 by a knob bolt 273.

Preferably, the displacement device base 272 is machined from a neodymium iron boron magnet and is attracted to the outer edge of the top end of the cylindrical body 12 by the super strong attraction force of the neodymium iron boron magnet. This installation makes it convenient to attach and adjust the cross beam 275 and the displacement gauge 271.

The present invention further discloses an experimental method for performing artificial formation freezing using an artificial formation freezing experiment device capable of multi-parameter dynamic sampling. The experimental method is
A level is used to detect the installation location of the soil sample container 1 to ensure that the soil sample container 1 is placed on the horizontal ground, the top lid 11 is removed, and the hydraulic control device 31 of the hydraulic system 3 is activated. , The hydraulic cylinder 33 propels and raises the data collection panel 21 to raise the data collection panel 21 to the top end of the soil sample container 1, and the water collection probe 223 and the salt collection probe 220 provided on the data collection panel 21. After the inspection is completed, the data collection panel 21 is returned to the bottom position of the soil sample container 1 by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 33, and the refrigerator 44 is attached to the refrigerator base 219 of the data collection panel 21. And then inspect sub-step 1.1),
After the installation and inspection of sub-step 1.1) is completed, the soil sample is filled into the soil sample container 1 layer by layer, and when the soil sample is filled parallel to the first lead hole 124 of the soil sample container 1, The flatness of the plane filled with the soil sample is measured using a level, the soil sample filling is adjusted until the plane becomes horizontal, and then the temperature sampling panel 23 is mounted in the soil sample container 1 to obtain the temperature data. The wire 235 is drawn out from the first lead wire hole 124, the gap between the first lead wire hole 124 is sealed with epoxy resin, and the height of the soil sample filled through the graduation line on the inner cylinder 122 is controlled. , Continue filling the soil sample to a position on the lower surface of the top lid 11, measure the flatness of the soil sample plane using a level, and adjust the soil sample plane until the plane becomes horizontal. Mounting, measuring whether or not the upper lid 11 becomes horizontal using the horizontal tester 116, and after the upper lid 11 meets the required horizontal level, the displacement sampling device 27 is attached to the upper surface of the upper lid 11, which is called soil sample filling. Sub-step 1.2),
After the soil sample filling in sub-step 1.2) is completed, a heat insulating cover 48 is attached to a portion extended from the upper lid 11 of the freezer 44, and the inner pipe 441 of the freezer 44 is frozen via the liquid supply pipe 42. The freezer outer pipe 442 communicates with the refrigerator 41 via the liquid return pipe 43, and the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 have one end near the refrigerator 44 with a manual adjustment valve. Sub-step 1 in which the control valves 45 are attached to one end of the refrigerator 41, the flow meters 47 are attached between the manual adjustment valve 46 and the control valve 45, and the freeze pipes are connected. .3),
The temperature collecting element 231 is connected to the data line of the temperature collecting means 24 via the temperature data line 235, and the salt collecting element 213 is connected to the data line of the salt collecting means 26 via the salt data line 222 to collect water. Sub-step 1.4) of connecting the element 214 to the data line of the water sampling means 25 via the water data line 224, and connecting the data line;
Step 1) of exam preparation with
Sub-step 2.1) of starting the refrigeration equipment of the refrigerator and reducing the temperature of the medium to -30°C.
The control valve 45 and the manual adjustment valve 46 in the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 are opened, respectively, and then the pump transportation device of the refrigerator 41 is started, and the flow rate of the medium is controlled by the manual adjustment valve 46 based on the flow meter 47. Do sub-step 2.2)
The temperature sampling means 24, the water sampling means 25, and the salinity sampling means 26 are activated to automatically collect the temperature, moisture and salt content data of the soil sample, and the displacement sampling device 27 is used to manually determine the freezing rate of the soil sample. Sub-step 2.3), that is,
When the values of the temperature data collected by the temperature sampling means 24 become similar in three consecutive times, the soil sample is in a steady freezing state and the pumping of the medium is stopped, substep 2.4),
Using the heating equipment of the refrigerator 41, the medium is heated to 40° C. and pumped, and the frozen soil sample is forcibly thawed, and the thaw condition is monitored using the temperature sampling means 24 to check the soil sample. When the temperature becomes 0°C or higher, the thawing is terminated, the control valve 45 is closed to stop the circulation of the medium, and the sub-step 2.3) is repeated in the process of thawing the soil sample. , And sub-step 2.5) of automatically collecting frost heave rate data respectively, and
The connection between the liquid supply pipe 42 and the liquid return pipe 43 and the refrigerator 44 is cut off, and the hydraulic cylinder 33 pushes and moves the data collection panel 21 to move it upward, thus pushing and moving the soil body upward. The soil sample above the plane where the first lead hole 124 is located in the soil sample container 1 when the data collection panel 21 is pushed toward the position close to the plane position in the first lead hole 124. , The connection between the temperature data line 235 and the data line of the temperature sampling means 24 is cut off, the temperature sampling panel 23 is removed, the first lead hole 124 is closed with a plastic screw 126, and the hydraulic pressure is removed. Using the cylinder 33, the data sampling panel 21 is continuously pushed to the top end of the soil sample container 1 to remove all the soil samples, arrange the data sampling panel 21, and inspect the water sampling probe 223 and the salt sampling probe 220. And substep 2.6) of returning the data collection panel 21 to the bottom position of the soil sample container 1 by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 33 after the completion of the inspection,
Change soil sample and repeat substeps 1.2) to 1.4) and step 2), and automatically collect temperature, moisture, salinity, and freezing rate data until all soil samples have been measured. Sub-step 2.7) of performing
And step 2) of conducting a test,
The temperature monitoring data of the same wheel diameter acquired at the same time point in a single test is selected, data having a large difference from other data is removed, and the average value for the remaining accurate temperature data is taken as the position at that time. Test data processing, which is obtained as the temperature measurement data at, and the change rule with time of temperature at different positions on the same plane is created in the curve diagram, and data processing is also performed for salinity, moisture, and freezing in the same manner. Step 3)
An experimental method for freezing artificial formations using an experimental device for freezing artificial formations that includes multi-parameter dynamic collection. By organizing the data, we summarized the rules for freezing salted formations, and provided guidance and advice on the design of construction freezing plans for salted formation freezing methods.

Furthermore, in sub-step 1.2), the soil sample may be of any soil type, but is preferably one of clay, sandy soil and sandy clay. The clay, sandy soil, and sandy clay soil properties are distributed over a wide range in the inshore region, and can generally reflect the physical characteristics of the inshore layer. The water content of the soil sample is 0-40% (eg 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) and 20-40% (eg 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%. , 40%) is preferable.

The salt content of the aqueous solution in which the soil sample is placed is 1% to 3% (eg 1%, 2%, 3%).

In sub-step 1.3), the measurement time interval of the temperature sampling means 24 is 10 to 60 min. The measurement time interval of the water content collecting means 25 and the salt content collecting means 26 is 30 to 60 minutes. The data sampling time interval of the displacement sampling device 27 is 30 to 60 min.

In step 2.6), the thrust height of the hydraulic cylinder 33 each time is 5 to 20 cm. In order to improve the work efficiency and ensure the accuracy of the operation, it is preferable that the propulsion height of each time is 10 cm.

As can be seen from the above description, the above-described embodiments of the present invention have achieved the following technical effects.

An experimental device and an experimental method for artificial stratification freezing for performing multi-parameter dynamic sampling, the experimental device comprising a soil sample container, a data collection system, a hydraulic system, and a freezing system. Samples can be frozen or thawed, and data of multiple parameters such as water content, salt content, temperature, and displacement of soil samples can be dynamically collected during the freezing process, and it is possible to simulate a test environment for infused salted formation freezing. it can.

The refrigerator 41 lowers or raises the temperature of the medium and pumps the medium to the refrigerator 44 via the liquid supply pipe 42. The freezer 44 exchanges heat with the soil sample, and can further freeze or thaw the soil sample. The medium that has completed heat exchange returns to the refrigerator 41 via the liquid return pipe 43 and completes circulation. In the process of freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample, the water sampling element 214, the salt sampling element 213, and the temperature sampling element 231 provided in the soil sample dynamically change the water, salt, and temperature data of the soil sample. Collect. The collected data are transmitted to the water collecting means 25, the salt collecting means 26, and the temperature collecting means 24, respectively. The displacement meter 271 provided on the upper surface of the upper lid 11 dynamically collects the data of the frost heave rate of the soil sample. After the data collection is completed, the data of water, salinity, temperature and freezing rate are processed by a personal computer, and a curve diagram is created according to the rule, which is used to study the freezing rule of the salted frozen soil. References can be provided for the design and construction of formation freezing strategies.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention is subject to various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

1 Soil Sample Container 11 Upper Lid 111 Inner Layer Cover Plate 112 Outer Layer Cover Plate 113 Center Hole 114 Convex Edge 115 First Bolt 116 Horizontal Tester 117 First Groove 118 Handle 119 First Seal Ring 12 Tube 121 Outer Tube 122 Inner Tube 123 Reinforcing Rib 124 1st lead wire hole 125 2nd groove 126 Plastic screw 127 2nd bolt 128 Load bearing ring 13 Bottom plate 131 2nd lead wire hole 132 Convex stand 133 Cylinder tank 134 1st lead wire groove 15 1st accommodation space 16 2nd accommodation Space 2 Data sampling system 21 Data sampling panel 211 Second lead groove 212 Element placement hole 213 Salt sampling element 214 Moisture sampling element 215 Upper panel 216 Lower panel 217 Second seal ring 218 Third lead hole 219 Refrigerator base 220 Salt Sampling probe 221 Element base 222 Salt data line 223 Moisture sampling probe 224 Moisture data line 23 Temperature sampling panel 231 Temperature sampling element 232 Inner ring 233 Outer ring 234 Steel strand 235 Temperature data line 236 Third lead groove 237 Spring wire sleeve 24 Temperature Sampling Means 25 Moisture Sampling Means 26 Salt Sampling Means 27 Displacement Sampling Devices 271 Displacement Gauges 272 Displacement Device Bases 273 Knob Bolts 274 Vertical Columns 275 Horizontal Beams 3 Hydraulic Systems 31 Hydraulic Control Devices 32 Oil Pipes 33 Hydraulic Cylinders 4 Freezing Systems 41 Refrigerators 42 Liquids Supply pipe 43 Liquid return pipe 44 Refrigerator 441 Inner pipe 442 Outer pipe 443 Screw end 444 Projecting ring 45 Control valve 46 Manual adjustment valve 47 Flowmeter 48 Heat insulation cover

Claims (10)

An experimental device for artificial formation freezing capable of multi-parameter dynamic sampling, which can freeze or forcibly thaw a soil sample of the artificial formation, and simulate a test environment for salted formation freezing in the near sea.
Comprises a soil sample container, a data collection system and a freezing system,
The soil sample container has a top cover, a cylinder, and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is fixed to the bottom end of the cylinder, and the top cover is placed on the top end of the cylinder, the top cover. A chamber is surrounded by the cylindrical body and the bottom plate, the upper lid is movable up and down, a central hole is provided in the upper lid, and a plurality of first lead wire holes are formed in a side wall of the cylindrical body. Is provided,
The data collecting system includes a data collecting panel, a water collecting means, and a salt collecting means, the data collecting panel is horizontally provided in the chamber, and the chamber is provided with a first accommodation space and a second containing space. The first storage space is located above the second storage space and is used to store the soil sample, and the data collection panel includes a plurality of salt collection elements. A plurality of moisture collecting elements are provided, the moisture collecting means dynamically collects moisture data of the soil sample by the moisture collecting element, and the salt collecting means is salt data of the soil sample by the salt collecting element. Dynamic sampling, the data collection panel is movable up and down in the chamber,
The freezing system includes a refrigerator, a liquid supply pipe, a liquid return pipe, and a refrigerator, the refrigerator is provided in the first accommodation space in a vertical direction, and the bottom of the refrigerator is provided. An end is connected to the data collection panel, a top end of the refrigerator extends out of the soil sample container through the center hole, the refrigerator includes the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, respectively. The refrigerator is connected to the top end of the refrigerator and is used to generate and pump a low-temperature or high-temperature medium, and the refrigerator, the liquid supply pipe, the refrigerator, the liquid return pipe, and the refrigerator. Form a circulation circuit of the medium by sequentially communicating with each other, the medium performs heat exchange with the soil sample in the freezer so as to freeze or forcibly thaw the soil sample,
An experimental apparatus for freezing artificial strata capable of multi-parameter dynamic sampling. The upper lid has an annular structure, the upper lid is a combination of an inner layer cover plate and an outer layer cover plate, the inner layer cover plate is a plastic material, the outer layer cover plate is a metal material, The outer cover plate is provided on the upper surface of the inner cover plate, and the lower surface of the inner cover plate contacts the soil sample,
Preferably, the inner layer cover plate is connected by a plurality of fan-shaped annular inner plate, at the connection points of the two fan-shaped annular inner plate, each is provided with a convex edge extending upward, the convex edge, A plurality of bolt holes are provided on each of the convex edges and extend above the outer cover plate, and a plurality of first bolts sequentially connect the plurality of fan-shaped inner plates through the plurality of bolt holes,
Preferably, the outer layer cover plate is composed of a plurality of fan-shaped annular outer plate, a fan-shaped annular groove is provided on the upper surface of each of the fan-shaped annular inner plate, a plurality of the fan-shaped annular outer plate, Fitted in the fan-shaped annular groove,
Preferably, the inner layer cover plate is composed of two of the fan-shaped annular inner plates,
Preferably, the inner layer cover plate is made of polyvinyl chloride,
Preferably, the outer cover plate is made of an aluminum alloy,
Preferably, a first groove is provided in each of the fan-shaped outer skins, a handle is provided in the first groove, and the handle and the fan-shaped outer skin are rotatably connected. , A horizontal tester is further provided in the first groove,
Preferably, a first seal ring is provided on the outer periphery of the upper lid,
The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The cylindrical body includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder provided inside the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder is made of a plastic material, the outer cylinder is made of a metal material, and an outer wall of the outer cylinder. Is provided with a plurality of annular reinforcing ribs, and one of the reinforcing ribs is provided with a plurality of circular second grooves at the same height at equal intervals, and the first lead hole is The first lead wire hole is provided in the second groove, and the first lead wire hole penetrates the reinforcing rib, the outer cylinder, and the inner cylinder, and a thread is provided on an inner wall of the first lead wire hole. And a plastic screw can be attached thereto, a vertical scale line is provided on the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a load-bearing ring for mounting the data collection panel is provided on the inner wall of the inner cylinder. Is provided,
The bottom plate is provided with a second lead wire hole, the outer edge of the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of screw holes for connecting to the cylindrical body, and the bottom plate is provided with a convex base. On the lower surface of the bottom plate, a first lead wire groove passing through the second lead wire hole is provided,
The inner diameter of the cylindrical body is 0.1 to 2 m, the depth is 0.5 to 2 m,
Preferably, the inner diameter of the cylinder is 1 m and the depth is 1 m,
Preferably, the three reinforcing ribs are respectively provided at the top end, the bottom end and the central portion of the outer cylinder,
Preferably, the inner cylinder is made of polyvinyl chloride,
Preferably, the outer cylinder is made of an aluminum alloy material,
Preferably, the reinforcing rib provided at the bottom end of the tubular body is provided with a plurality of vertical screw holes, and the plurality of second bolts secure the tubular body to the bottom plate through the plurality of screw holes. To do
The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The data collection panel is composed of an upper layer panel and a lower layer panel, the data collection panel is provided with a third lead hole, and a refrigerator base is provided at a central position of the upper layer panel. And a plurality of second seal rings are provided on the outer edge of the upper layer panel, and a plurality of second lead wire grooves are provided on the upper layer panel along the radial direction. Each of the second lead wire grooves is provided with a plurality of element placement holes, and each of the element placement holes is provided with one salt collection element and one moisture collection element,
The salt collecting element is composed of a salt collecting probe, an element base, and a salt data line, the salt collecting probe is provided in the soil sample, and fixed in the element arrangement hole by the element base, A salinity collection probe is connected to the salinity data line,
The moisture sampling element comprises a moisture sampling probe, an element base, and a moisture data line, the moisture sampling probe is provided in the soil sample, and is fixed in the element placement hole by the element base, A moisture collection probe is connected to the moisture data line,
The salinity data line and the moisture data line are respectively provided in the second lead wire groove, and pass through the third lead wire hole, the second accommodating space, and the second lead wire hole sequentially. Pulled out of the cylindrical body, the salt data line is connected to the data line of the salt sampling means, the moisture data line is connected to the data line of the moisture sampling means,
Preferably, the salinity data line and the moisture data line in the second accommodation space are provided in spring cables, respectively.
Preferably, the upper layer panel is made of a plastic material, the lower layer panel is made of a metal material, the lower layer panel is provided in a circular groove on the lower surface of the upper layer panel,
Preferably, the second seal ring is provided in two,
Preferably, the upper panel is a polyvinyl chloride material,
Preferably, the lower layer panel is made of an aluminum alloy material,
Preferably, five element placement holes are provided for each second lead wire groove.
The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The data collection system is provided horizontally on the soil sample in the central portion of the first accommodation space, and further comprises a temperature collection panel composed of an inner ring, an outer ring and a plurality of steel strands, wherein the steel strands are A plurality of temperature sampling elements are provided for each of the steel strands, which are respectively connected to the inner ring and the outer ring, and a temperature data line is connected to each of the temperature sampling elements. A third lead wire groove is provided on an outer edge of the temperature data line, and the temperature data line is provided in the third lead wire groove,
All the temperature data lines enter the first lead wire hole after being aggregated, and are connected to the data lines of the temperature sampling means through the first lead hole, and the spring wire sleeves are gathered when gathered. The temperature sampling data line is arranged outside all the temperature data lines, and the temperature sampling data line is connected to the data line of the temperature data sampling unit after passing through the first lead wire hole, and the temperature sampling unit is configured by the temperature sampling element. Dynamically collecting temperature data of the soil sample, the temperature collecting panel is movable up and down in the cylinder,
Preferably, the steel strands are provided in six, evenly distributed radially,
Preferably, the temperature harvesting element is a thermocouple made from constantan and copper wire,
The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The hydraulic control device further includes a hydraulic system including a hydraulic control device, an oil pipe, and a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic control device supplies oil to the hydraulic cylinder via the oil pipe, and the plurality of hydraulic cylinders include the first hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder has a bottom end connected to the bottom plate and a top end abutted on the data collection panel, and the hydraulic control device controls the lifting and lowering of the hydraulic cylinder by the oil pipe. The hydraulic cylinder can be lifted and lowered, and the data collection panel can be lifted and lowered, and the hydraulic cylinder is a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder.
Preferably, four hydraulic cylinders are provided,
Preferably, the convex base is provided with a plurality of cylinder tanks, and the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder is provided in each of the cylinder tanks.
Preferably, four cylinder tanks are provided,
The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The refrigerator has a freezing facility, a heating facility and a pumping facility, and can realize a function of freezing or forcibly thawing the soil sample,
A screw end portion is provided at a bottom end of the refrigerator, the refrigerator is screwed to the refrigerator base through the screw end portion, and a top end of the refrigerator passes through the center hole and the upper lid. The refrigerator, which extends outwardly, has a casing structure including an inner pipe and an outer pipe arranged on the outer periphery of the inner pipe, and the outer diameter of the outer pipe is 8 to 159 mm. The outer diameter is √2/2 times the outer diameter of the outer pipe, the bottom end of the outer pipe is sealed, the bottom of the inner pipe communicates with the bottom of the outer pipe, and the top end is The liquid return pipe is connected to the liquid supply pipe, the liquid return pipe is connected to the upper side wall of the outer pipe, and the top end of the outer pipe is provided with a projecting annular ring for closing the outer pipe.
A control valve for opening and closing the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe is provided at one end of the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe near the refrigerator, respectively, and the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe are provided. At one end of the refrigerator close to the refrigerator, a manual adjustment valve is provided, and at the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, flowmeters are provided, respectively, at a portion extending outside the upper lid of the refrigerator. Has a heat retention cover,
Preferably, the heat insulation cover is deformable to accommodate the movement of the upper lid,
Preferably, the medium is alcohol,
Preferably, the inner pipe and the outer pipe are made of red copper pipe material,
Preferably, the outer diameter of the refrigerator is 80 mm,
The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: A displacement sampling device is further provided, and the two displacement sampling devices are provided on an upper surface of the upper cover so as to sample a displacement amount of the upper cover during the process of freezing the soil sample, and the displacement sampling device is A displacement gauge, a horizontal beam, a vertical column, and a displacement device base, the vertical column is provided at the top end of the tubular body by the displacement device base, the horizontal beam is provided in parallel with the upper lid, One end of the horizontal beam is disposed on the vertical column and fixed by a knob bolt, the horizontal beam is vertically movable along the vertical column, and the displacement meter is erected on the upper surface of the upper lid, and the displacement meter Has a bottom end abutting on an upper surface of the upper lid, and the displacement meter is fixed to the other end of the cross beam by a knob bolt.
The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: A level is used to detect the location of the soil sample container to ensure that the soil sample container rests on the horizontal ground, the top lid is removed, the hydraulic control of the hydraulic system is activated, and the hydraulic cylinders The data collection panel is raised to the top end of the soil sample container by propelling and raising the collection panel, and the water collection probe and the salt collection probe provided on the data collection panel are inspected, and after the inspection is completed, the control to the hydraulic cylinder is performed. Sub-step 1.1) of returning the data collection panel to the bottom position of the soil sample container by means of attaching the freezer to the freezer base of the data collection panel and mounting the test equipment for inspection.
After the installation and inspection of sub-step 1.1) is completed, the soil sample container is filled layer by layer, and when the soil sample is filled parallel to the first lead hole of the soil sample container, the level is set. Measure the flatness of the plane filled with soil sample using, adjust the soil sample filling until the plane is horizontal, then install the temperature sampling panel in the soil sample container, and read the temperature data line as the first lead. Pull out from the wire hole and seal the gap of the first lead wire hole above it, control the height of the soil sample filled via the graduation line on the inner cylinder, and fill the soil sample to the position on the lower surface of the top lid. Then, measure the flatness of the soil sample plane using a level and adjust the soil sample plane until it is horizontal, then attach the top lid and use a horizontal tester to make the top lid horizontal. Sub-step 1.2) called soil sample filling, in which the displacement sampling device is mounted on the top surface of the top lid after measuring whether or not the top lid meets the required horizontal level.
After the soil sample filling in sub-step 1.2) is completed, a heat insulating cover is attached to the part extended from the upper lid of the refrigerator, and the inner tube of the refrigerator communicates with the refrigerator via the liquid supply pipe to freeze. The outer pipe of the refrigerator communicates with the refrigerator via the liquid return pipe.A manual adjustment valve is attached to one end of the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe near the refrigerator, and a control valve is connected to one end near the refrigerator. Sub-step 1.3) of installing valves respectively, installing flowmeters between the manual adjusting valve and the control valve, and connecting a cryotube.
The temperature sampling element is connected to the data line of the temperature sampling means via the temperature data line, the salt sampling element is connected to the data line of the salt sampling means via the salt data line, and the moisture sampling element is connected to the moisture data line. Sub-step 1.4) of connecting to the data line of the water sampling means via the
Step 1) of exam preparation with
Sub-step 2.1) of starting the refrigeration equipment of the refrigerator and reducing the temperature of the medium to -30°C.
1. Sub-step of opening the control valve and the manual adjustment valve in the liquid supply pipe and the liquid return pipe, respectively, and then starting the pumping device of the refrigerator, and controlling the flow rate of the medium by the manual adjustment valve based on the flow meter. 2) and
A sub-step of activating temperature sampling means, moisture sampling means and salt sampling means, automatically sampling temperature, moisture and salt data of the soil sample and manually sampling the freezing rate of the soil sample using the displacement sampling device. 2.3),
When the values of the temperature data collected by the temperature collection means become similar in three consecutive times, the soil sample becomes in a steady freezing state, stops pumping the medium and stops the data collection system, Sub-step 2.4)
The medium is heated to 40° C. and pumped using the heating equipment of the refrigerator, forced thawing is performed on the frozen soil sample, and the thawing status is monitored using the temperature sampling means, and the temperature of the soil sample is checked. When the temperature reaches 0°C or higher, the thawing is terminated, the control valve is closed to stop the circulation of the medium, and sub-step 2.3) is repeated in the process of thawing the soil sample, and the temperature, water content, salt content, and freezing of the soil sample are frozen. Substep 2.5) of automatically collecting rate data respectively,
Disconnect the connection between the liquid supply pipe and liquid return pipe and the refrigerator, and push the data collection panel by the hydraulic cylinder to move it upward, thus pushing the soil body to move it upward, When the data collection panel is pushed to a position close to the plane position in the first lead hole, the soil sample above the plane in which the first lead hole is located in the soil sample container is removed, and the temperature data line Disconnecting the data line of the temperature sampling means, disconnecting the temperature sampling panel, closing the first lead hole with a plastic screw, and using a hydraulic cylinder to connect the data sampling panel to the top of the soil sample container. Press and hold to remove all soil samples, arrange the data collection panel, inspect the water collection probe and the salt collection probe, and after the inspection is completed, control the hydraulic cylinder to move the data collection panel to the soil sample container. Sub-step 2.6) of returning to the bottom position of
Change the soil sample and repeat sub-steps 1.2) to 1.4) and step 2) to perform a test on another soil sample, and automatically collect temperature, moisture, salinity, and freezing rate data. Sub-step 2.7) of performing
And step 2) of conducting a test,
The temperature monitoring data of the same wheel diameter acquired at the same time point in a single test is selected, data having a large difference from other data is removed, and the average value for accurate data is taken as the temperature at that position at that time. Step 3 called test data processing, which is obtained as measurement data, and a change rule of temperature at different positions on the same plane with time is created in a curve diagram, and data processing is also performed for salinity, moisture, and freezing in the same manner. )When,
including,
An experimental method for artificial formation freezing, characterized in that multi-parameter dynamic sampling is performed using the experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8. In sub-step 1.2), the soil sample has a soil quality of one of clay, sandy soil, and sandy clay, and the soil sample has a water content of 0 to 40%. Preferably, it is 20-40%,
In sub-step 1.2), the salt content of the aqueous solution for preparing the soil sample is 1% to 3%,
In the sub-step 1.3), the measurement time interval of the temperature sampling means is 10 to 60 min, the measurement time interval of the moisture sampling means and the salt sampling means is 30 to 60 min, and the data sampling time of the displacement sampling device is The interval is 30-60 min,
In the sub-step 2.6), each pushing height of the hydraulic cylinder is 5 to 20 cm,
The experimental method according to claim 9, wherein: