JP2020514393A - エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び殺有害生物剤又は他の物質の組合せ - Google Patents
エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び殺有害生物剤又は他の物質の組合せ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020514393A JP2020514393A JP2019552240A JP2019552240A JP2020514393A JP 2020514393 A JP2020514393 A JP 2020514393A JP 2019552240 A JP2019552240 A JP 2019552240A JP 2019552240 A JP2019552240 A JP 2019552240A JP 2020514393 A JP2020514393 A JP 2020514393A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/58—1,2-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
以下は、本開示及び特許請求の範囲を通して使用され得る、選択された用語の定義を含む。定義は、用語の範囲に含まれ、また実施に使用され得る構成要素の様々な例及び/又は形態を含む。例は、限定を意図するものではない。用語の単数形及び複数形の両方が定義に含まれる。
エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)は、非常に様々な昆虫に対して活性な、グラム陰性の殺有害生物性細菌である(国際公開第2007/142543号パンフレット;国際公開第2008/041863号パンフレット;Hurst、M.R.H.et al.、2011、Yersinia entomophaga sp.nov.、isolated from the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica、Int.J.Syst.Evol.Microbiol.、61、844−849参照)。その生物の殺虫活性の少なくとも幾分かは、毒素複合体に起因する。エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)において、毒素複合体(TC)はYen−TCと呼ばれ、7つのサブユニットから構成されている。YenA1及びYenA2とキチナーゼChi1及びChi2とは組み合わされて五量体ケージを形成し、その中にYenBとYenC1又はYenC2の一方が結合して、活性Yen−TCを形成する(Busby、J.N.et al.、2012、Structural Analysis of Chi1 Chitinase from Yen−Tc:The Multisubunit Insecticidal ABC Toxin Complex of Yersinia entomophaga、J.Mol.Biol.、415、359−371)。Yen−TCは、昆虫の腸の上皮細胞完全性の喪失を引き起こし、それにより細菌の昆虫血体腔内への進入が可能となる。
本明細書の開示は、1種以上の殺有害生物剤及び/又は1種以上の他の物質と組合せたエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び/又はエルシニア・ヌルミイ(Yersinia nurmii)を記載する。殺有害生物剤は、化学殺有害生物剤及びバイオ殺有害生物剤又は生物防除剤を含む。様々なタイプの化学殺有害生物剤及びバイオ殺有害生物剤は、殺ダニ剤、殺虫剤、殺線虫剤、殺真菌剤、腹足類駆除剤、除草剤、殺ウイルス剤、殺菌剤、ダニ駆除剤及びそれらの組合せを含む。バイオ殺有害生物剤又は生物防除剤は、細菌、真菌、有益な線虫、及び殺有害生物活性を示すウイルスを含み得る。組成物は、微生物抽出物、植物成長活性剤、及び/又は植物防御剤などの、有害生物制御のための他の薬剤を含むことができる。ある例において、エルシニア(Yersinia)からの1種以上の毒素がエルシニア(Yersinia)生物及び殺有害生物剤/他の物質の組合せに添加される。ある例において、エルシニア(Yersinia)からの毒素は、生物の非存在下で、1種以上の殺有害生物剤/他の物質と組み合わされる。生物刺激剤及び/又は植物シグナル分子は、ある例において、組成物の一部であり得る。
本明細書において、この節に記載される物質は、グループ1の一部である。殺真菌剤は、限定はされないが、子嚢菌門(Ascomycetes)、担子菌門(Basidiomycetes)、ツボカビ門(Chytridiomycetes)、不完全菌類(Deuteromycetes)(同義語、不完全菌(Fungi imperfecti))、卵菌類(Peronosporomycetes)(同義語、卵菌類(Oomycetes))、ネコブカビ類(Plasmodiophoromycetes)及び接合菌門(Zygomycetes)の土壌病原菌を含む広範囲の植物病原性真菌(及び真菌様の生物)に対して有効な防除を提供するように選択され得る。ある実施形態によれば、組成物は、アルブゴ(Albugo)(例えば、A.カンジダ(A.candida))、アルテルナリア(Alternaria)(例えば、A.アルテルナータ(A.alternata))、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)(例えば、A.キャンディダス(A.candidus)、A.クラバタス(A.clavatus)、A.フラバス(A.flavus)、A.フミガーツス(A.fumigatus)、A.パラシティクス(A.parasiticus)、A.レストリクタス(A.restrictus)、A.ソーヤ(A.sojae)、A.ソラニ(A.solani))、ブルメリア(Blumeria)(例えば、B.グラミニス(B.graminis))、ボトリティス(Botrytis)(例えば、B.シネレア(B.cinerea))、クラドスポラム(Cladosporum)(例えば、C.クラドスポリオイデス(C.cladosporioides))、コレトトリカム(Colletotrichum)(例えば、C.アクタツム(C.acutatum)、C.ボニネンス(C.boninense)、C.キャプシシ(C.capsici)、C.カウダツム(C.caudatum)、C.コッコデス(C.coccodes)、C.クラッシペス(C.crassipes)、C.デマティウム(C.dematium)、C.デストラクティブム(C.destructivum)、C.フラガリエ(C.fragariae)、C.グロエオスポリオイデス(C.gloeosporioides)、C.グラミニコラ(C.graminicola)、C.ケハウィー(C.kehawee)、C.リンデムチアヌム(C.lindemuthianum)、C.ムサエ(C.musae)、C.オルビキュラレ(C.orbiculare)、C.スピナセアエ(C.spinaceae)、C.スブリネオルム(C.sublineolum)、C.トリフォリイ(C.trifolii)、C.トルンカツム(C.truncatum))、フザリウム(Fusarium)(例えば、F.グラミネアルム(F.graminearum)、F.モニリホルメ(F.moniliforme)、F.オキシスポルム(F.oxysporum)、F.ロゼウム(F.roseum)、F.トリシンクツム(F.tricinctum))、ヘルミントスポリウム(Helminthosporium)、マグナポルテ(Magnaporthe)(例えば、M.グリセア(M.grisea)、M.オリゼ(M.oryzae))、メラムスポラ(Melamspora)(例えば、M.リニ(M.lini))、ミコスフェレラ(Mycosphaerella)(例えば、M.グラミニコラ(M.graminicola))、ネマトスポラ(Nematospora)、ペニシリウム(Penicillium)(例えば、P.ルグロスム(P.rugulosum)、P.ベルコスム(P.verrucosum))、ファコプソラ(Phakopsora)(例えば、P.パチリジ(P.pachyrhizi))、ホモプシス(Phomopsis)、フィティフトリア(Phytiphtoria)(例えば、P.インフェスタンス(P.infestans))、プッチニア(Puccinia)(例えば、P.グラミニス(P.graminis)、P.ストリイフォルミス(P.striiformis)、P.トリティシ(P.tritici)、P.トリティシナ(P.triticina))、プシビニア(Pucivinia)(例えば、P.グラミニスティス(P.graministice))、フィティウム(Pythium)、フィトフトラ(Pytophthora)、リゾクトニア(Rhizoctonia)(例えば、R.ソラニ(R.solani))、スコプラリオプシス(Scopulariopsis)、セレロチニア(Selerotinia)、チエラビオプシス(Thielaviopsis)及び/又はウスチラゴ(Ustilago)(例えば、U.メイディス(U.maydis))のうちの1種以上の菌株に対して毒性がある殺真菌剤(又は殺真菌剤の組合せ)を含む。真菌のさらなる例は、Bradley、Managing Diseases、in Illinois Agronomy Handbook(2008)に見出すことができる。
本明細書において、この節に記載される物質は、グループ2の一部である。様々な腹足類に対して活性を有する当該技術分野で既知の多様な物質が存在する。これらの物質のいくつかは、腹足類以外の生物に対して活性を有する。これらの物質のいくつかとしては、メチオカルブ、メタアルデヒド、カルバリル、スピノサド、石灰と組合せた硫酸銅、ホウ酸、珪藻土、リン酸鉄及びその他が挙げられる。
本明細書において、この節に記載される物質は、グループ3の一部である。除草剤は、限定はされないが、キク科(Asteraceae)、ナデシコ科(Caryophyllaceae)、イネ科(Poaceae)及びタデ科(Polygonaceae)の植物を含む広範囲の植物に対して有効な防除を提供するように選択され得る。ある実施形態によれば、組成物は、ヒエ属(Echinochloa)(例えば、E.ブレビペディセラタ(E.brevipedicellata)、E.カロプス(E.callopus)、E.カコエンシス(E.chacoensis)、コヒメビエ(E.colona)、イヌビエ(E.crus−galli)、E.クルス−パボニス(E.crus−pavonis)、E.エリプチカ(E.elliptica)、E.エスキュレンタ(E.esculenta)、インドビエ(E.frumentacea)、E.グラブレセンス(E.glabrescens)、E.ハプロクラダ(E.haploclada)、E.ヘロデス(E.helodes)、E.ホルシフォルミス(E.holciformis)、E.イヌンダタ(E.inundata)、E.ヤリスカナ(E.jaliscana)、E.ユバタ(E.Jubata)、E.キンベルレイエンシス(E.kimberleyensis)、E.ラキュナリア(E.lacunaria)、E.マクランドラ(E.macrandra)、E.ムリカタ(E.muricata)、E.オブツシフロラ(E.obtusiflora)、E.オプリスメノイデス(E.oplismenoides)、E.オルジオイデス(E.orzyoides)、E.パルディゲナ(E.paludigena)、E.ピクタ(E.picta)、E.ピトプス(E.pithopus)、E.ポリスタチャ(E.polystachya)、E.プラエスタンス(E.praestans)、E.ピラミダリス(E.pyramidalis)、E.ロツンディフロラ(E.rotundiflora)、E.スタグニナ(E.stagnina)、E.テルマトフィラ(E.telmatophila)、E.ツルネリアナ(E.turneriana)、E.ウガンデンシス(E.ugandensis)、E.ワルテリ(E.walteri))、ソバカズラ属(Fallopia)(例えば、F.バルドシュアニカ(F.baldschuanica)、イタドリ(F.japonica)、オオイタドリ(F.sachalinensis))、ハコベ属(Stellaria)(例えば、コハコベ(S.media))及び/又はタンポポ属(Taraxacum)(例えば、シロバナタンポポ(T.albidum)、T.アフロゲネス(T.aphrogenes)、T.ブレビコミキュラツム(T.brevicorniculatum)、T.カルフォルニクム(T.californicum)、T.セントラシアツム(T.centrasiatum)、T.セラトフォルム(T.ceratophorum)、T.エリスロスペルマム(T.erythrospermum)、T.ファリノスム(T.farinosum)、T.ホルムボエイ(T.holmboei)、カンサイタンポポ(T.japonicum)、ゴムタンポポ(T.kok−saghyz)、アカミタンポポ(T.laevigatum)、セイヨウタンポポ(T.officinale)、カントウタンポポ(T.platycarpum))の1種以上の菌株に対して毒性がある除草剤(又は除草剤の組合せ)を含む。本開示の組成物によって標的にされ得る植物のさらなる種は、ILLINOIS AGRONOMY HANDBOOK(2008)及びLOUX ET AL.、WEED CONTROL GUIDE FOR OHIO、INDIANA AND ILLINOIS(2015)のHager、Weed Managementに見出すことができる。
本明細書において、この節に記載される物質は、グループ4の一部である。殺虫剤は、限定はされないが、鞘翅目、ハサミムシ目、双翅目、半翅目、ヨコバイ亜目、膜翅目、鱗翅目、直翅目及び総翅目の昆虫を含む広範囲の昆虫に対して有効な防除を提供するように選択され得る。例えば、本開示の組成物は、バッタ科(Acrididae)、コナジラミ科(Aleytodidae)、シバンムシ科(Anobiidae)、ハナバエ科(Anthomyiidae)、アリマキ科(Aphididae)、ナガシンクイムシ科(Bostrichidae)、マメゾウムシ科(Bruchidae)、タマバエ科(Cecidomyiidae)、カミキリムシ科(Cerambycidae)、コガシラアワフキ科(Cercopidae)、ハムシ科(Chrysomelidae)、ヒメヨコバイ科(Cicadellidae)、テントウムシ科(Coccinellidae)、ケラ科(Cryllotalpidae)、ヒラタムシ科(Cucujidae)、ゾウムシ科(Curculionidae)、カツオブシムシ科(Dermestidae)、コメツキムシ科(Elateridae)、キバガ科(Gelechiidae)、ナガカメムシ科(Lygaeidae)、ツチハンミョウ科(Meloidae)、ツノゼミ科(Membracidae)、カスミカメムシ科(Miridae)、ヤガ科(Noctuidae)、カメムシ科(Pentatomidae)、メイガ科(Pyralidae)、コガネムシ科(Scarabaeidae)、ホソヒラタムシ科(Silvanidae)、スズメガ科(Spingidae)、ゴミムシダマシ科(Tenebrionidae)及び/又はアザミウマ科(Thripidae)の昆虫に対して毒性がある1種以上の殺虫剤を含み得る。ある実施形態によれば、組成物は、アカリンマ(Acalymma)、ミツバマメゾウムシ属(Acanthaoscelides)(例えば、マメゾウムシ(A.obtectus))、アナサ(Anasa)(例えば、A.トリスティス(A.tristis))、アナストレファ属(Anastrepha)(例えば、A.ルーデン(A.ludens))、ゴマダラカミキリ属(Anoplophora)(例えば、ツヤハダゴマダラカミキリ(A.glabripennis))、アントノムス(Anthonomus)(例えば、A.エウゲニイ(A.eugenii))、アシルトシフォン(Acyrthosiphon)(例えば、A.ピスム(A.pisum))、バクトセラ(Bactrocera)(例えば、ミカンコミバエ(B.dosalis))、ベミシア属(Bemisia)(例えば、B.アルゲンティフォリ(B.argentifolii)、B.タバチ(B.tabaci))、ブレビコリネ(Brevicoryne)(例えば、B.ブラッシカエ(B.brassicae))、ブルチジウス(Bruchidius)(例えば、B.アトロリネアツス(B.atrolineatus))、ブルチュス(Bruchus)(例えば、B.アトマリウス(B.atomarius)、B.デンティペス(B.dentipes)、B.レンティス(B.lentis)、B.ピソルム(B.pisorum)及び/又はB.ルフィペス(B.rufipes))、カロソブルチュス(Callosobruchus)(例えば、C.チネンシス(C.chinensis)、C.マキュラツス(C.maculatus)、C.ロデシアヌス(C.rhodesianus)、C.スビノタツス(C.subinnotatus)、C.テオブロマエ(C.theobromae))、カリエドン(Caryedon)(例えば、C.セラツス(C.serratus))、カメノコハムシ亜科(Cassadinae)、セラティティス属(Ceratitis)(例えば、C.キャピタタ(C.capitata))、クリソメリナエ(Chrysomelinae)、シルクリフェル(Circulifer)(例えば、C.テネルス(C.tenellus))、クリオセリナエ(Criocerinae)、クリプトセファリナエ(Cryptocephalinae)、クリプトレステス(Cryptolestes)(例えば、C.フェルギネウス(C.ferrugineus)、C.プシリス(C.pusillis)、C.プシロイデス(C.pussilloides))、サイラス(Cylas)(例えば、C.ホルミカリウス(C.formicarius))、デリア(Delia)(例えば、D.アンティカ(D.antiqua))、ジアブロチカ(Diabrotica)、ジアファニア(Diaphania)(例えば、D.ニチダリス(D.nitidalis))、ジアフォリナ(Diaphorina)(例えば、D.シトリ(D.citri))、ドナシイナエ(Donaciinae)、エフェスティア(Ephestia)(例えば、E.カウテラ(E.cautella)、E.エルテラ(E.elutella)、E.キューニエラ(E.、keuhniella))、エピラチナ(Epilachna)(例えば、E.バリべストリス(E.varivestris))、エピフィアス(Epiphyas)(例えば、E.ポストビッタナ(E.postvittana))、エウモルピナエ(Eumolpinae)、ガレルシナエ(Galerucinae)、ヘリコベルパ(Helicoverpa)(例えば、H.ゼア(H.zea))、ヘテロリグス(Heteroligus)(例えば、H.メレス(H.meles))、イオベシア(Iobesia)(例えば、I.ボトラナ(I.botrana))、ランプロソマチナエ(Lamprosomatinae)、ラシオデルマ(Lasioderma)(例えば、L.セリコルネ(L.serricorne))、レプチノタルサ(Leptinotarsa)(例えば、L.デセムリネアタ(L.decemlineata))、レプトグロッスス(Leptoglossus)、リリオミザ(Liriomyza)(例えば、L.トリフォリイ(L.trifolii))、マンデュカ(Manducca)、メリッティア(Melittia)(例えば、M.ククルビタエ(M.cucurbitae))、ミズス(Myzus)(例えば、M.ペルシカエ(M.persicae))、ネザラ(Nezara)(例えば、N.ビリジュラ(N.viridula))、オルザエフィルス(Orzaephilus)(例えば、O.メラトル(O.merator)、O.スリナメンシス(O.surinamensis))、オストリニア(Ostrinia)(例えば、O.ヌビラリス(O.nubilalis))、フトリマエア(Phthorimaea)(例えば、P.オペルクレラ(P.operculella))、アセビ属(Pieris)(例えば、P.ラパエ(P.rapae))、プロディア(Plodia)(例えば、P.インテルプンクテラ(P.interpunctella))、プルテラ(Plutella)(例えば、P.キシロステラ(P.xylostella))、マメコガネ属(Popillia)(例えば、マメコガネ(P.japonica))、プロステファヌス(Prostephanus)(例えば、P.トルンカテス(P.truncates))、プシラ(Psila)、リゾペルタ(Rhizopertha)(例えば、R.ドミニカ(R.dominica))、ロパロシフム(Rhopalosiphum)(例えば、マイジス(R.maidis))、サグリナエ(Sagrinae)、ソレノプシス(Solenopsis)(例えば、S.インビクタ(S.Invicta))、スピロピリナエ(Spilopyrinae)、コクゾウムシ属(Sitophilus)(例えば、S.グラナリス(S.granaries)、S.オリゼ(S.oryzae)及び/又はS.ゼアマイス(S.zeamais))、シトトロガ(Sitotroga)(例えば、S.セレアレラ(S.cerealella))、スポドプテラ(Spodoptera)(例えば、S.フルギペルダ(S.frugiperda))、ステゴビウム(Stegobium)(例えば、S.パニセウム(S.paniceum))、シネチナエ(Synetinae)、テネブリオ(Tenebrio)(例えば、T.マレンス(T.malens)及び/又はT.モリトール(T.molitor))、トリップス(Thrips)(例えば、T.タバチ(T.tabaci))、トリアレウロデス(Trialeurodes)(例えば、T.バポラリオルム(T.vaporariorum))、トリボリウム(Tribolium)(例えば、T.カスタネウム(T.castaneum)及び/又はT.confusum)、トリコプルシア(Trichoplusia)(例えば、T.ニ(T.ni))、トロゴデルマ(Trogoderma)(例えば、T.グラナリウム(T.granarium))及びトロゴシチダエ(Trogossitidae)(例えば、T.マウリタニクス(T.mauritanicus))のうちの1種以上の種に対して毒性がある殺虫剤(又は殺虫剤の組合せ)を含む。本開示の組成物によって標的にされ得る昆虫のさらなる種は、CAPINERA、HANDBOOK OF VEGETABLE PESTS(2001)及びILLINOIS AGRONOMY HANDBOOK(2008)のSteffey and Gray、Managing Insect Pestsに見出すことができる。
本明細書において、この節に記載される物質は、グループ5の一部である。様々な殺ダニ剤(acaride)に対して活性を有する当該技術分野で既知の多様な物質が存在する。これらの物質のいくつかは、殺ダニ剤(acaride)以外の生物に対して活性を有する。殺ダニ剤/ダニ駆除剤(mitide)の非限定的な例としては、カルバクロール、サンギナリン、アゾベンゼン、ベンゾキシメート、安息香酸ベンジル、ブロモプロピレート、クロルベンシド、クロルフェネトール、クロルフェンソン、クロルフェンサルファイド、クロロベンジレート、クロロプロピレート、シフルメトフェン、DDT、ジコフォール、ジフェニルスルホン、ドフェナピン、フェンソン、フェントリファニル、フルオロベンシド、ゲニット、ヘキサクロロフェン、フェンプロキシド、プロクロノール、テトラジホン、テトラスル、ベノミル、カルバノレート、カルバリル、カルボフラン、メチオカルブ、メトールカルブ、プロマシル、プロポキシル、アルジカルブ、ブトカルボキシム、オキサミル、チオカルボキシム、チオファノックス、ビフェナゼート、ビナパクリル、ジネックス、ジノブトン、ジノキャップ−4、ジノキャップ−6、ジノクトン、ジノペントン、ジノスルホン、ジノテルボン、DNOC、アミトラズ、クロルジメホルム、クロロメブホルム、ホルメタネート、ホルムパラネート、メジメホルム、セミアミトラズ、アフォキソラネル、フルララネル、サロラネル、テトラナクチンアベルメクチン殺ダニ剤(acaride)、アバメクチン、ドラメクチン、エプリノメクチン、イベルメクチン、セラメクチン、ミルベメクチン、ミルベマイシンオキシム、モキシデクチン、クロフェンテンジン、シロマジン、ジフロビダジン、ドフェナピン、フルアズロン、フルベンジミン、フルシクロクスロン(flucycloxuron)、フルフェノクスロン、ヘキシチアゾクス、ブロモシクレン、カンフェクロル、DDT、ジエノクロル、エンドスルファン、リンデン、クロルフェンビンホス、クロトキシホス、ジクロルボス、ヘプテノホス、メビンホス、モノクロトホス、ナレド、TEPP、テトラクロロビンホス、アミジチオン、アミトン、アジンホス−エチル、アジンホスメチル、アゾトエート、ベノキサホス、ブロモホス、ブロモホス−エチル、カルボフェノチオン、クロルピリホス、クロルチオホス、クマホス、シアントエート、デメトン−O、デメトン−S、デメトン−O−メチル、デメトン−S−メチル、デメトン−S−メチルスルホン、ダイアリホス、ダイアジノン、ジメトエート、ジオキサチオン、ジスルホトン、エンドチオン、エチオン、エトエート−メチル、フォーモシオン、マラチオン、メカルバム、メタクリホス、オメトエート、オキシデプロホス、オキシジスルホトン、パラチオン、フェンカプトン、ホレート、フォサロン、ホスメット、ホスチン(phostin)、ホキシム、ピリミホス−メチル、プロチダチオン、プロトエート、ピリミテート、キナルホス、キンチオフォス、ソファミド、スルホテプ、チオメトン、トリアゾホス、トリフェノフォス、バミドチオン、トリクロルフォン、イソカルボホス、メタミドホス、プロペタンホス、ジメフォックス、ミパフォックス、シュラダン、アゾシクロチン、シヘキサチン、フェンブタチンオキシド、ホスチン、ジクロフルアニド、ジアリフォス、ホスメット、シエノピラフェン、フェンピロキシメート、ピフルブミド、テブフェンピラド、アセトロール、フィプロニル、バニリプロール、アクリナトリン、ブロフルスリネート、シハロトリン、α−シペルメトリン、フェンプロパトリン、フェンバレレート、フルシトリネート、フルメトリン、τ−フルバリネート、ペルメトリン、ハルフェンプロックス、ピリミジフェン、クロルフェナピル、サンギナリン、チノメチオナト、チオキノックス、ビフジュンジ、フルアクリピリム、フルフェノキシストロビン、ピリミノストロビン、アラマイト、プロパルギット、スピロジクロフェン、クロフェンテジン、ジフロビダジン、フルベンジミン、ヘキシチアゾックス、フェノチオカルブ、クロロメチウロン、ジアフェンチウロン、アセキノシル、アミドフルメット、亜ヒ酸、クレンピリン、クロサンテル、クロタミトン、シクロプレート、シミアゾール、ジスルフィラム、エトキサゾール、フェナザフロール、フェナザキン、フルネチル、メスルフェン、MNAF、ニフルリジド、ニッコーマイシン、ピリダベン、スルフィラム、スルフルラミド、硫黄、スリンギエンシン(thuringiensin)及びトリアラテンを挙げることができる。
本明細書において、この節に記載される物質は、グループ6の一部である。本開示の組成物は、限定はされないが、海草抽出物(例えば、アルギネートなどのアスコフィルム・ノドスム(Ascophyllum nodosum)抽出物、エクロニア・マキシマ(Ecklonia maxima)抽出物など)、ミオイノシトール、グリシン及びそれらの組合せを含む任意の好適な生物刺激剤を含み得る。
本明細書において、この節に記載される物質は、グループ7の一部である。本開示の組成物は、限定はされないが、リポ−キトオリゴ糖(LCO)、キトオリゴ糖(CO)、キチン質化合物、フラボノイド、非フラボノイドnode遺伝子誘導因子、ジャスモン酸又はその誘導体、リノール酸又はその誘導体、リノレン酸又はその誘導体及びカリキンを含む任意の好適な植物シグナル分子を含み得る。
ある実施形態において、エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び/又はエルシニア・ヌルミイ(Yersinia nurmii)だけが本開示の組成物中に含まれる微生物である。
エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)と組合せて使用される殺虫剤は、IRAC(Insecticide Resistance Action Committee)作用モード分類(http://www.irac−online.org/modes−of−action/)により記載又は分類され得る。一般に、IRAC分類の一部である任意の殺虫剤が、本明細書に開示した組成物及び方法に使用することができる。
一般に、本明細書に開示した組成物及び方法は、鞘翅目、双翅目、膜翅目、鱗翅目、直翅目及び総翅目のメンバーである昆虫を含む、任意のタイプの昆虫に対して活性であり得る。ある例において、エルシニア(Yersinia)及び/又はエルシニア(Yersinia)と1種以上の特定の化学殺虫剤との組合せは、これらの目の1つ以上における昆虫に対して有効ではない可能性がある。
本開示の組成物は、限定はされないが、葉適合性担体、種子適合性担体及び土壌適合性担体を含む任意の好適な担体を含み得る。適切な担体材料の選択は、意図する用途及び組成物中に存在する微生物に応じて決まる。ある実施形態において、担体材料は、液体、ゲル、スラリー、又は固体の形態で組成物を提供するように選択される。ある実施形態において、担体は、1種以上の安定化化合物から本質的になるか、又はそれからなるであろう。
Yersinia及び本開示の組成物は、限定はされないが、列条作物(row crop)及び野菜を含む任意の植物タイプに適用され得る。ある実施形態において、本開示の組成物は、ヒユ科(Amaranthaceae)(例えば、フダンソウ、ホウレンソウ、テンサイ、キヌア)、キク科(Asteraceae)(例えば、アーティチョーク、アスター、カモミール、チコリー、キク、ダリア、デイジー、エキナセア、アキノキリンソウ、グアユールゴム、レタス、マリーゴールド、ベニバナ、ヒマワリ、ヒャクニチソウ)、アブラナ科(Brassicaceae)(例えば、ルッコラ、ブロッコリー、チンゲン菜、芽キャベツ、キャベツ、カリフラワー、キャノーラ、コラードの若葉、ダイコン、ガーデンクレス、セイヨウワサビ、ケール、カラシナ、ラディッシュ、ナタネ、ルタバガ、カブ、ワサビ、クレソン、シロイヌナズナ(Arabidopsis thaliana))、ウリ科(Cucurbitaceae)(例えば、マスクメロン、キュウリ、ハネデューメロン、メロン、パンプキン(pumpkin)、カボチャ(squash)(例えば、ドングリカボチャ、ニホンカボチャ、夏カボチャ)、スイカ、ズッキーニ)、マメ科(Fabaceae)(例えば、アルファルファ、インゲンマメ、イナゴマメ、クローバー、グアー、レンズマメ、メスキート、エンドウマメ、ピーナッツ、ダイズ、タマリンド、トラガカント、ベッチ)、アオイ科(Malvaceae)(例えば、カカオ、ワタ、ドリアン、ハイビスカス、ケナフ、コーラ、オクラ)、イネ科(Poaceae)(例えば、タケ、オオムギ、トウモロコシ、フォニオ、芝(例えば、バヒアグラス、ギョウギシバ、ブルーグラス、ヤギュウシバ、ムカデシバ、ウシノケグサ属(Fescue)、又はシバ属(Zoysia))、キビ、オートムギ、観賞用イネ科植物(ornamental grasses)、コメ、ライムギ、ソルガム、サトウキビ、ライコムギ、コムギ及び他の穀物、タデ科(Polygonaceae)(例えば、ソバ)、バラ科(Rosaceae)(例えば、アーモンド、リンゴ、アンズ、ブラックベリー、ブルーベリー、サクランボ、モモ、プラム、マルメロ、ラズベリー、バラ、イチゴ)、ナス科(Solanaceae)(例えば、ピーマン、唐辛子、ナス、ペチュニア、ジャガイモ、タバコ、トマト)及びブドウ科(Vitaceae)(例えば、ブドウ)のファミリーから選択される1種以上の植物の処理のために配合される。ある実施形態において、本開示の組成物は、エルシニア(Yersinia)が天然に関連しない1種以上の植物(例えば、エルシニア(Yersinia)が単離された地理的位置内に天然に存在しない1種以上の植物)の処理用に配合される。ある実施形態において、本開示の組成物は、1種以上の殺ダニ剤−、防かび剤−、腹足類駆除剤−、除草剤−、殺虫剤−、殺線虫剤−、殺鼠剤−及び/又は殺ウイルス剤−耐性植物(例えば、アセト乳酸合成酵素阻害剤(例えば、イミダゾリノン、プリミジニジオキシ(チオ)ベンゾエート、スルホニルアミノカルボニルトリアゾリノン、スルホニル尿素、トリアゾロピリミジン)、ビアラホス、グルホシネート、グリホセート、ヒドロキシフェニルピルベートジオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤及び/又はホスフィノスリシンに耐性の1種以上の植物)の処理用に配合される。本開示の組成物で処理され得る植物の非限定的な例としては、BOLLGARD II(登録商標)、DROUGHTGARD(登録商標)、GENUITY(登録商標)、RIB COMPLETE(登録商標)、ROUNDUP READY(登録商標)、ROUNDUP READY 2 YIELD(登録商標)、ROUNDUP READY 2 EXTEND(商標)、SMARTSTAX(登録商標)、VT DOUBLE PRO(登録商標)、VT TRIPLE PRO(登録商標)、YIELDGARD(登録商標)、YIELDGARD VT ROOTWORM/RR2(登録商標)、YIELDGARD VT TRIPLE(登録商標)及び/又はXTENDFLEX(商標)の商標でMonsanto Company(St.Louis,MO)によって販売される植物が挙げられる。
エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び殺有害生物剤の組合せを、それらの殺虫効果、又は植物成長若しくは収量に対する効果を生じる能力に関して試験するために、本発明者らは、最初に、様々な殺虫剤をエルシニア(Yersinia)と接触させて、エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)に対して最小限の毒性を有する殺虫剤を特定した。理論的には、エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)が化学殺虫剤と組み合わされて良好に機能する場合、化学殺虫剤は、理想的に、エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)が生存、成長及び/又は機能する能力に対して低い効果を有し又は効果を有さないであろう。
化学殺虫剤を最初に、一連の比率/濃度で昆虫に対してスクリーニングして、どの濃度が昆虫に対して中度レベルの活性を提供するかを決定した。化学物質の比率が高すぎる場合、生きたY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)細胞又はY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)培養物の無細胞濾液のいずれかの添加により提供される、さらなる効果を観察することが困難である。
実施例3.IRACグループ1A−カルバメート:キャベツルーパー及びオオタバコガに対するカルバリル;キャベツルーパーに対するメトミル;並びにキャベツルーパー、コーンイヤーワーム及びオオタバコガに対するチオジカルブとのエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の実施例
カルバリルとキャベツルーパー。キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びカルバリル単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝液中の濃度1x105cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はカルバリルとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。次いで、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度100mg/Lのカルバリル(Sigma 32055)のいずれかの50μl懸濁液を、各キャベツディスク上に滴下した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。ディスクが乾燥した後、1匹の第2齢キャベツルーパーを各ディスクに加えた。全部で24匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表3に示す。
クロルピリホスとツマジロクサヨトウ。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトンの19mg/Lのクロルピリホス(Sigma 45395)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びクロルピリホス単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝溶液中の濃度1x105cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)の懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はクロルピリホスとの組合せ処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢ツマジロクサヨトウを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表9、10、11及び12に示す。
エチプロールとコロラドハムシ。トマト葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度120mg/Lのエチプロール(Sigma 33976)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、トマトディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びエチプロール単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝溶液の濃度1x107cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はエチプロールとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。トマトディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第4齢コロラドハムシ幼虫を個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表13に示す。
シフルトリンとタマナヤガ。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度1.3mg/Lのシフルトリン(Sigma 33738)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びシフルトリン単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝溶液中の濃度1x104cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はシフルトリンとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢タマナヤガ幼虫を個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表18に示す。
クロチアニジンとツマジロクサヨトウ。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度60mg/Lのクロチアニジン(Sigma 33589)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びクロチアニジン単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝液の濃度1x105cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)の懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はクロチアニジンとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢ツマジロクサヨトウ幼虫を個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を下記の表に示す。
スピノサドとツマジロクサヨトウ。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度25mg/Lのスピノサド(Sigma 33706)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びスピノサド単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝液中の濃度1x106cfu/mL(表43のデータの場合)、及び1x105cfu/mL(表44及び45のデータの場合)のY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)の懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はスピノサドとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢ツマジロクサヨトウ幼虫を個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。データを下記に示す。
エマメクチン安息香酸塩とツマジロクサヨトウ。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトンの濃度2mg/L(表47のデータの場合);及びアセトンの0.67mg/L(表48のデータの場合)のエマメクチン安息香酸塩(Sigma 31733)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びエマメクチン安息香酸塩単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝液の濃度1x106cfu/mL(表47のデータの場合)、及びリン酸緩衝液の1x105cfu/mL(表48の場合)のY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)の懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はエマメクチン安息香酸塩との組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢ツマジロクサヨトウ幼虫を個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。データを下記に示す。
ノバルロンとキャベツルーパー。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度1mg/Lのノバルロン(Sigma 32419)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びノバルロン単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝液中の濃度1x102cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はノバルロンとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢キャベツルーパー幼虫を個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表52に示す。
インドキサカルブとタマナヤガ。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度0.53mg/Lのインドキサカルブ(Sigma 33969)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びインドキサカルブ単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝液中の濃度1x104cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はインドキサカルブとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢タマナヤガ幼虫を個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表54に示す。
スピロテトラマトとツマジロクサヨトウ。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度300mg/Lのスピロテトラマト(Sigma 32713)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びスピロテトラマト単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝液中の濃度1x105cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はスピロテトラマトとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢ツマジロクサヨトウ幼虫を個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表57に示す。
クロラントラニリプロールとキャベツルーパー。キャベツディスクを、リン酸緩衝溶液(対照及びクロラントラニリプロール単独の処理)又はリン酸緩衝液中の濃度1x107、1x105又は1x103cfu/mLのY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの懸濁液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はクロラントラニリプロールとの組合せ)のいずれかに浸漬した。次いで、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の濃度18mg/Lのクロラントラニリプロール(Sigma 32510)のいずれかの50μl懸濁液を、各キャベツディスク上に滴下した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。ディスクが乾燥した後、1匹の第2齢キャベツルーパーを各ディスクに加えた。全部で24匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表58に示す。
下記の表は、実施例3〜13の選択された、しかし代表的なデータの概要である。表の各列は、実施例3〜13のうちの1つに記載されている、選択された実験からのデータを含む。表の列は、左から右へ、化学殺虫剤のIRACグループ;実験に使用した特定の化学殺虫剤(insectide)及び濃度;化学殺虫剤、エルシニア(Yersinia)、又は化学殺虫剤+エルシニア(Yersinia)を試験した昆虫;使用したエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の単離物及び濃度;化学殺虫剤単独に暴露した昆虫の%死亡率;エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)単独に暴露した昆虫の%死亡率;化学殺虫剤及びエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の組合せに暴露した昆虫の%死亡率;単独で試験した組合せの個々の成分と比較した、組合せの計算されたパフォーマンスインデックス(パフォーマンスインデックス=化学殺虫剤とエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の組合せに暴露した昆虫の実際の死亡率を、化学殺虫剤及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)に個別に暴露した昆虫の累積死亡率で除算したもの);及びパフォーマンスインデックスを計算するためのデータを収集した昆虫殺滅の時点(処理後の日)を示す。
下記の表は、実施例3〜13の選択された、しかし代表的なデータの概要である。表の各列は、実施例3〜13のうちの1つに記載されている、選択された実験からのデータを含む。表の列は、左から右へ、化学殺虫剤のIRACグループ;実験に使用した特定の化学殺虫剤及び濃度;化学殺虫剤、エルシニア(Yersinia)、又は化学殺虫剤+エルシニア(Yersinia)を試験した昆虫;使用したエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の単離物及び濃度;化学殺虫剤単独に暴露した昆虫のLT50;エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)単独に暴露した昆虫のLT50;化学殺虫剤及びエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の組合せに暴露した昆虫のLT50;LT50の低下(単一の活性物質の最低LT50から、組合せのLT50を減算したものと等しい)、;及びLT50の%低下(LT50低下を単一の活性物質の最低LT50で除算したものx100%に等しい)を示す。
実施例16.エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)無細胞濾液の調製及び滴定
無細胞濾液を生成するために、LB培地中で増殖させたエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の培養物を11,448(g)で10分間遠心分離した。遠心分離ペレットから上清をデカントし、0.22μmフィルターを通して濾過した。ELISAを用いたアッセイを行ってYen−TC(毒素複合体)の濃度を決定し、また特異的な基質に対するキチナーゼ活性を測定することによってキチナーゼ「の濃度」を決定した。これらのアッセイに基づいて、全ての濾液はYen−TC及びキチナーゼ活性を含んでいた。無細胞濾液の相対的な効力を推定するために行われた。昆虫を最初に、一連の無細胞濾液の希釈物でプレスクリーニングして、中度の活性を提供する濃度を選択した。この理論は、使用する化学殺虫剤の比率を決定するために実施例2で用いたものと同様である。これらの初期スクリーニングに基づいて、未希釈の無細胞濾液をキャベツルーパー、ツマジロクサヨトウ、タマナヤガ及びコロラドハムシに使用した。リン酸緩衝液中の無細胞濾液の1:100希釈物をコナガに使用した。下記の実施例の各々において、これは1%として表される。
コナガに対するクロルピリホスと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の3.8mg/Lのクロルピリホス(Sigma 45395)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、1%Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びクロルピリホス単独の処理)又は培養物Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWからの1%無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はクロルピリホスと組合せた処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第2齢コナガを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表71に示す。
ツマジロクサヨトウに対するフィプロニルと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の12mg/Lのフィプロニル(Sigma 46451)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、未希釈Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びフィプロニル単独の処理)又は培養物Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWからの未希釈無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はフィプロニルとの組合せ処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢ツマジロクサヨトウを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表72に示す。
キャベツルーパーに対するエスフェンバレレートと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の0.56mg/Lのエスフェンバレレート(Sigma 46277)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、未希釈Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びエスフェンバレレート単独の処理)又は培養物Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWからの未希釈無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はエスフェンバレレートとの組合せ処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢キャベツルーパーを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表73に示す。
コナガに対するクロチアニジンと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の60mg/Lのクロチアニジン(Sigma 33589)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、1%Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びクロチアニジン単独の処理)又は培養物Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWからの1%無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はクロチアニジンとの組合せ処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第2齢コナガを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表78に示す。
コナガに対するスピノサドと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の0.25mg/Lのスピノサド(Sigma 33706)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、1%Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びスピノサド単独の処理)又は培養物Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWからの1%無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はスピノサドとの組合せ処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第2齢コナガを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表84に示す。
キャベツルーパーに対するエマメクチン安息香酸塩と無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の0.02mg/Lのエマメクチン安息香酸塩(Sigma 31733)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、未希釈Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びエマメクチン安息香酸塩単独の処理)又はY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの培養物からの未希釈無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はエマメクチン安息香酸塩との組合せ処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢キャベツルーパーを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表87に示す。
キャベツルーパーに対するノバルロンと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の1.0mg/Lのノバルロン(Sigma 32419)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、未希釈Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びノバルロン単独の処理)又はY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの培養物からの未希釈無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はノバルロンとの組合せ処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第3齢キャベツルーパーを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表89に示す。
コナガに対するインドキサカルブと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の1.6mg/Lのインドキサカルブ(Sigma 33969)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、1%Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びインドキサカルブ単独の処理)又は培養物Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWからの1%無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はインドキサカルブとの組合せ処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第2齢コナガを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表90に示す。
コナガに対するスピロテトラマトと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の30mg/Lのスピロテトラマト(Sigma 32713)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、1%Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びインドキサカルブ単独の処理)又はY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの培養物からの1%無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はスピロテトラマトと組合せた処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第2齢コナガを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表93に示す。
コナガに対するフルベンジアミドと無細胞濾液。キャベツ葉ディスクを、アセトン(対照及びY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独の処理)又はアセトン中の0.059mg/Lのフルベンジアミド(Sigma 32801)のいずれかに浸漬した。これらを1時間乾燥させた。次いで、キャベツディスクを、1%Luriaブロス(LB)培地溶液(対照及びフルベンジアミド単独の処理)又はY.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単離物O43NEWの培養物からの1%無細胞濾液(Y.エントモファーガ(Y.entomophaga)単独又はフルベンジアミドと組合せた処理)のいずれかに浸漬した。キャベツディスクを1時間乾燥した後、1匹の第2齢コナガを個々のキャベツディスクの各々に加えた。全部で20匹の昆虫を各処理に関して評価した。昆虫を毎日観察し、生又は死としてスコア化した。結果を表95に示す。
下記の表は、実施例17〜26の選択された、しかし代表的なデータの概要である。表の各列は、実施例17〜26のうちの1つに記載されている、選択された実験からのデータを含む。表の列は、左から右へ、化学殺虫剤のIRACグループ;実験に使用した特定の化学殺虫剤(insectide)及び濃度;化学殺虫剤、濾液、又は化学殺虫剤+濾液を試験した昆虫;濾液を得たエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の単離物及びそれが未希釈で使用されたか又は1:100に希釈されたか;化学殺虫剤単独に暴露した昆虫の%死亡率;エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)濾液単独に暴露した昆虫の%死亡率;化学殺虫剤及び濾液の組合せに暴露した昆虫の%死亡率;単独で試験した組合せの個々の成分と比較した、組合せの計算されたパフォーマンスインデックス(パフォーマンスインデックス=化学殺虫剤と濾液の組合せに暴露した昆虫の実際の死亡率を、化学殺虫剤及び濾液に個別に暴露した昆虫の累積死亡率で除算したもの);及びパフォーマンスインデックスを計算するためのデータを収集した昆虫殺滅の時点(処理後の日)を示す。
下記の表は、実施例17〜26の選択された、しかし代表的なデータの概要である。表の各列は、実施例17〜26のうちの1つに記載されている、選択された実験からのデータを含む。表の列は、左から右へ、化学殺虫剤のIRACグループ;実験に使用した特定の化学殺虫剤及び濃度;化学殺虫剤、濾液、又は化学殺虫剤+濾液を試験した昆虫;濾液を得たエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)の単離物及び濾液の濃度(未希釈又は1:100希釈);化学殺虫剤単独に暴露した昆虫のLT50;エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)無細胞濾液単独に暴露した昆虫のLT50;化学殺虫剤とエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)無細胞濾液の組合せに暴露した昆虫のLT50;LT50の低下(単一の活性物質の最低LT50から、組合せのLT50を減算したものと等しい);及びLT50の%低下率(LT50低下を単一の活性物質の最低LT50で除算したものx100%に等しい)を示す。
以下の生物学的材料が、ブダペスト条約の条項に基づき、米国農務省農業研究サービス特許文化コレクション(NRRL)、農業研究サービス、米国農務省、1815 North University Street、Peoria、Illinois 61604、USAに2018年3月15日に寄託され、エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)株O43NEW(NRRL B−67598)、エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)株O24G3R(NRRL B−67599)、エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)株O24KEK(NRRL B−67600)及びエルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)株O333A4(NRRL B−67601)と同定された。
本出願は、コンピュータ読取可能フォーマットにおける配列一覧を含んでおり、これは参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (24)
- エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び/若しくはエルシニア・ヌルミイ(Yersinia nurmii)細菌、並びに/又はそれに由来する毒素;並びに
少なくとも1種の殺有害生物剤及び/又は以下に示す本明細書に開示したグループのうちの少なくとも1つに由来する物質:
グループ1、殺真菌剤;
グループ2、腹足類駆除剤;
グループ3、除草剤;
グループ4、殺虫剤及び/又は殺線虫剤;
グループ5、殺ダニ剤及び/又はダニ駆除剤;
グループ6、生物刺激剤;
グループ7、植物シグナル分子;並びに
グループ8、他の微生物
を含むか、それから本質的になるか、又はそれからなる組成物。 - 前記エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び/若しくはエルシニア・ヌルミイ(Yersinia nurmii)、並びに/又はそれに由来する前記毒素が、殺虫活性を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記エルシニア(Yersinia)及び/又は前記毒素、並びに前記少なくとも1種の殺有害生物剤及び/又は物質が、前記組成物中に有効量で存在する、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の殺有害生物剤及び/又は物質が:
1種以上のカルバメート、有機リン、シクロジエン有機塩素、フェニルピラゾール、ピレスロイド及びピレトリン、DDT、メトキシクロル、ネオニコチノイド、ニコチン、スルホキシイミン、ブテノリド、メソイオン、スピノシン、アベルメクチン、ミルベマイシン、幼若ホルモン類似体、フェノキシカルブ、ピリプロキシフェン、ハロゲン化アルキル、クロロピクリン、フッ化物、ホウ酸塩、吐酒石、イソチオシアン酸メチル発生剤、ピリジンアゾメチン誘導体、クロフェンテジン、ジフロビダジン、ヘキシチアゾックス、エトキサゾール、ジアフェンチウロン、有機スズダニ駆除剤、プロパルガイト、テトラジフォン、クロルフェナピル、DNOC、スルフルアミド、ネレイストキシン類似体、ベンゾイル尿素、ブプロフェジン、シロマジン、ジアシルヒドラジン、アミトラズ、ヒドラメチルノン、アセキノシル、フルアクリピリム、ビフェナゼート、meti殺ダニ剤及び殺虫剤、ロテノン、オキサジアジン、セミカルバゾン、テトロン酸、テトラミン酸、リン化物、シアン化物、β−ケトニトリル誘導体、カルボキサニリド、ジアミド、フロニカミド、アザジラクチン、ベンゾキシメート、ブロモプロピレート、チノメチオナト、ジコフォール、GS−ω/κ HXTX−Hv1aペプチド、石灰硫黄、ピリダリル、硫黄、大環状ラクトン、合成ピレスロイド及び/若しくはシクロジエン有機塩素を含む1種以上の殺ダニ剤、殺虫剤及び/若しくは殺線虫剤;
1種以上の芳香族炭化水素、ベンズイミダゾール、ベンゾチアジアゾール、カルボキサミド、カルボン酸アミド、モルホリン、フェニルアミド、ホスホネート、キノン外部阻害剤、チアゾリジン、チオファネート、チオフェンカルボキサミド及び/若しくはトリアゾールを含む1種以上の殺真菌剤;
1種以上のリン酸鉄、メタアルデヒド、メチオカルブ及び/若しくは塩を含む1種以上の腹足類駆除剤;
1種以上のアセチルCoAカルボキシラーゼ(ACCase)阻害剤、アセト乳酸シンターゼ(ALS)阻害剤、アセトヒドロキシ酸シンターゼ(AHAS)阻害剤、光化学系II阻害剤、光化学系I阻害剤、プロトポルフィリノーゲンオキシダーゼ(PPO又はプロトックス)阻害剤、カロテノイド生合成阻害剤、エノールピルビルシキミ酸3−リン酸(EPSP)シンターゼ阻害剤、グルタミンシンテターゼ阻害剤、ジヒドロプテロイン酸シンテターゼ阻害剤、有糸分裂阻害剤、4−ヒドロキシフェニルピルビン酸ジオキシゲナーゼ(4−HPPD)阻害剤、合成オーキシン、オーキシン除草剤塩、オーキシン輸送阻害剤、及び/若しくは核酸阻害剤を含む1種以上の除草剤;
ブロジファクウム、ブロマジオロン、ブロメタリン、コレカルシフェロール、クロロファシノン、ジフェチアロン、ジファシノン、ストリキニーネ、ワルファリン及び/若しくは亜鉛リン化物を含む1種以上の殺鼠剤;並びに/又は
1種以上の殺ウイルス剤を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。 - 前記少なくとも1種の殺有害生物剤及び/又は物質が、1種以上のリポ−キトオリゴ糖(LCO)、キトオリゴ糖(CO)、キチン質化合物、フラボノイド、非フラボノイドnode遺伝子誘導因子、ジャスモン酸又はその誘導体、リノール酸又はその誘導体、リノレン酸又はその誘導体及びカリキンを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種の殺有害生物剤及び/又は物質が:
シアニジン、デルフィニジン、マルビジン、ペラルゴニジン、ペオニジン及び/若しくはペツニジンを含む1種以上のアントシアニジン;
1種以上のフラボン、例えば、アピゲニン、バイカレイン、クリシン、7,8−ジヒドロキシフラボン、ジオスミン、フラボキサート、6−ヒドロキシフラボン、ルテオリン、スクテラレイン、タンゲリチン及び/若しくはオウゴニン;及び/若しくはフラボノール、例えば、アムレンシン、アストラガリン、アザレアチン、アザレイン、フィセチン、フラノフラボノールガランギン、ゴッシペチン、3−ヒドロキシフラボン、ヒペロシド、イカリイン、イソケルセチン、ケンペリド、ケンペリトリン、ケンペロール、イソラムネチン、モリン、ミリセチン、ミリシトリン、ナツダイダイン、パキポドール、ピラノフラボノールケルセチン、ケルセチン、ラムナジン、ラムネチン、ロビニン、ルチン、スピレオシド、トロキセルチン及び/若しくはザントラムニンを含む1種以上のアントキサンチン;
ブチン、エリオジクチオール、ヘスペレチン、ヘスペリジン、ホモエリオジクチオール、イソサクラネチン、ナリンゲニン、ナリンギン、ピノセムブリン、ポンシリン、サクラネチン、サクラニン及び/若しくはステルビンを含む1種以上のフラバノン;
ジヒドロケンペロール及び/若しくはタキシフォリン;フラバン、例えば、フラバン−3−オール(例えば、カテキン(C)、3−没食子酸カテキン(Cg)、エピカテキン(EC)、エピガロカテキン(EGC)、3−没食子酸エピカテキン(ECg)、3−没食子酸エピガロカテキン(EGCg)、エピアフゼレキン、フィセチニドール、ガロカテキン(GC)、3−没食子酸ガロカテキン(GCg)、グイブルチニドール、メスキトール、ロビネチニドール、3−没食子酸テアフラビン、3’−没食子酸テアフラビン、3,3’−二没食子酸テアフラビン、テアルビジン)、フラバン−4−オール(例えば、アピフォロール及び/又はルテオフォロール)及び/若しくはフラバン−3,4−ジオール(例えば、ロイコシアニジン、ロイコデルフィニジン、ロイコフィセチニジン、ロイコマルビジン、ロイコペラルゴニジン、ロイコペオニジン、ロイコロビネチニジン、メラカシジン及び/又はテラカシジン)を含む1種以上のフラバノノール;並びに/又は
1種以上のイソフラボン、例えば、ビオカニンA、ダイゼイン、ホルモノネチン、ゲニステイン及び/若しくはグリシテイン;イソフラバン、例えば、エクオール、ロンコカルパン及び/若しくはラキシフロラン;イソフラバンジオール;イソフラベン、例えば、グラブレン、ハギニンD及び/若しくは2−メトキシズダイシン;クメスタン、例えば、クメストロール、プリカジン及び/若しくはウェデロラクトン;プテロカルパン;及び/若しくはレチノイドを含む1種以上のイソフラボノイド;並びに/又は
カロフィロリド、クタレアゲニン、ダルベルジクロメン、ダルベルジン及び/若しくはニベチンを含む1種以上のネオフラボノイド;並びに/又は
ビツカルピンA、ビツカルピンB、エリブラエジンA、エリブラエジンB、エリトラビッシンII、エリトラビッシン−1、エリクリスタガリン、グリシノール、グリセオリジン、グリセオリン、グリシリゾール、マーキアイン、メジカルピン、モリシアニン、オリエンタノール、ファセオリン、ピサチン、ストリアチン及び/若しくはトリフォリリジンを含む1種以上のプテロカルパンを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。 - 前記組成物が:
1種以上の単糖、任意選択的に、アラビノース、フルクトース及び/若しくはグルコース;
1種以上の二糖、任意選択的に、マルトース、スクロース及び/若しくはトレハロース;
1種以上のマルトデキストリン、任意選択的に、1種以上のマルトデキストリン(例えば、(それぞれ及び/又は集合的に)約15〜約20のDEV値を有する1種以上のマルトデキストリン;
1種以上の糖アルコール、任意選択的に、アラビトール、マンニトール、ソルビトール及び/若しくはキシリトール;
1種以上のフミン酸、任意選択的に、フミン酸カリウム及び/若しくはフミン酸ナトリウム;
1種以上の吸湿性ポリマー、任意選択的に、1種以上のアルブミン、アルギネート、セルロース、ガム(例えば、セルロースガム、グアーガム、アラビアガム、コンブレツムガム、キサンタンガム)、メチルセルロース、ナイロン、ペクチン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)、ポリラクチド、ポリメチルアクリレート(PMA)、ポリウレタン、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)、プロピレングリコール、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム及び/若しくはデンプン;
1種以上の酸化制御成分、任意選択的に、1種以上の酸化防止剤(例えば、アスコルビン酸、パルミチン酸アスコルビル、ステアリン酸アスコルビル、アスコルビン酸カルシウム、1種以上のカロテノイド、リポ酸、1種以上のフェノール化合物(例えば、1種以上のフラボノイド、フラボン及び/又はフラボノール)、アスコルビン酸カリウム、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、1種以上のチオール(例えば、グルタチオン、リポ酸及び/又はN−アセチルシステイン)、1種以上のトコフェロール、1種以上のトコトリエノール、ユビキノン及び/又は尿酸)及び/若しくは1種以上の脱酸素剤、任意選択的に、アスコルビン酸及び/若しくは炭酸水素ナトリウム;並びに/又は
1種以上のUV保護剤、任意選択的に、1種以上のリグノサルファイトを含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。 - 前記組成物が、有害生物に対して活性を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、植物に適用された際、植物成長及び/又は植物収量に対して活性を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記有害生物が昆虫を含み、前記昆虫が、ネッタイシマカ、コットンリーフホッパー、ハマダラカ、メロン/ワタアブラムシ、タバココナジラミ、ニカメイガ、トコジラミ、ゴキブリ、イエカ、コドリンガ、ミカンキジラミ、サトウキビ害虫、グリーン・ベリー・スティンク・バッグ、カメムシ、ミカンキイロアザミウマ、ツェツェバエ、オオタバコガ(cotton bollworm)、コーンイヤーワーム、オオタバコガ、コロラドハムシ、ナスノメイガ、マメハモグリバエ、ヨーロピアン・グレープヴァイン・モス、アフリカン・カウピー・トリップ、ケシキスイムシ、イエバエ、モモアカアブラムシ、レタスヒゲナガアブラムシ、トビイロウンカ、ヨーロッパアワノメイガ、リンゴハダニ、コナガ、キャベツ茎ノミハムシ、バードチェリーエンバクアブラムシ、スナバエ、アボカド・トリップ、ブユ、イングリッシュグレインアブラムシ、ウンカ、シロイチモンジョトウ、ツマジロクサヨトウ、ハスモンヨトウ、ナミハダニ、オニオン・トリップ、オンシツコナジラミ、サシガメ、コクヌストモドキ、トマトキバガ、キャベツルーパー、タマナヤガ、グラスホッパー、バッタ、蟻、コドリンガ、サトウキビ害虫、オオタバコガ(cotton bollworm)、コーンイヤーワーム、オオタバコガ、ナスノメイガ、ヨーロピアン・グレープヴァイン・モス、ヨーロッパアワノメイガ、コナガ、シロイチモンジョトウ、ツマジロクサヨトウ、ハスモンヨトウ、キャベツルーパー、タマナヤガ、アグロティス属(Agrotis spp.)、ヨトウムシ、ヘリコベルパ属(Helicoverpa spp.)、アメリカタバコガ、ヘリオシス属(Heliothis spp.)、コウモリガ、ストロベリー・ルート・ワーム、エジプトヨトウ、アワヨトウの幼虫、ベルベットビーン・キャタピラー、サウスウェスタン・コーン・ボーラー、ソイビーン・ルーパー、サザン・アーミー・ワーム、グリーン・クローバーワーム、ニカメイガ、コロラドハムシ、ポーレン・ビートル、キャベツ茎ノミハムシ、コクヌストモドキ、アオナガタマムシ、ハリガネムシ、ツヤハダゴマダラカミキリ、ブラック・ターフグラス・アテニウス、ビーン・リーフ・ビートル、プラム・クルクリオ、ペカン・ウィービル、バンデッド・キューカンバー・ビートル、ウェスタン・スポッテド・キューカンバー・ビートル、コーン・ルートワーム、セマダラコガネ、アニュアル・ブルーグラス・ウィービル、メロノンタ、キンケクチブトゾウムシ、ガーデン・チェーファー、ホワイトグラブ、フリービートル、ジャパニーズ・ビートル・グラブ、ビバーナム・リーフ・ビートル、クリプトメリア・バーク・ビートル、ゾウムシ、ピー・ウィービル、スカラブ・グラブ、シバオサゾウムシ、ストロファソマ・ウィービル、ヒラタコクヌストモドキ、アンブロシア・ビートル、ツチハンミョウ、グラスホッパー、バッタ、コオロギ、ハマダラカ、イエカ、ツェツェバエ、アメリカン・サーペンタイン・リーフマイナー、イエバエ、サシチョウバエ、ブユ、トマトキバガ、蚊、キノコバエ、ハナバエ、タマネギバエ、キャベツハナバエ、ミギワバエ、ガガンボ、レザー・ジャケット、蟻、ススメバチ、チャバネゴキブリコバネゴキブリ、ワモンゴキブリ、シロアリ、ミカンキイロアザミウマ、アフリカン・カウピー・トリップ、アボカド・トリップ、オニオン・トリップ、プリベット・トリップ、イースタン・フラワー・トリップ、チリ・トリップ、コットンリーフホッパー、メロン/ワタアブラムシ、タバココナジラミ、コジラミ、ミカンキジラミ、グリーン・ベリー・スティンク・バッグ、カメムシ、モモアカアブラムシ、レタスヒゲナガアブラムシ、トビイロウンカ、バードチェリーエンバクアブラムシ、イングリッシュグレインアブラムシ、ウンカ、オンシツコナジラミ、サシガメ、ルート・アヒッド、ブドウネアブラムシ、クサギカメムシ、リガス、バグルダ・バッグ、スリー・コーナード・アルファルファ・ホッパー、アメリカコバネナガカメムシ、ポテト・シリド、キャベツアブラムシ、グリーン・リーフホッパー、ポテト・リーフホッパー、リンゴハダニ、ナミハダニ、ラストマイト、ライブストック・ティックス、シカダニ、パシフィック・スパイダー・マイト、バロアダニ、犬ダニ、マダニ、ルート・アヒッド、ブドウネアブラムシ、クサギカメムシ、リガス、バグルダ・バッグ、スリー・コーナード・アルファルファ・ホッパー、グリーン・クローバーワーム、アメリカコバネナガカメムシ及び/又はツチハンミョウを含む、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び/又はエルシニア・ヌルミイ(Yersinia nurmii)細菌が、修飾微生物株である、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記修飾微生物株が、修飾されていない前記株と比較して、増大した殺虫活性を有する、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 前記エルシニア(Yersinia)が、前記組成物のグラム及び/又はミリリットル当たり1x101〜約1x1012のコロニー形成単位、任意選択的に前記組成物のグラム及び/又はミリリットル当たり少なくとも1x104、1x105、1x106、1x107、1x108、1x109、1x1010、1x1011、又は1x1012のコロニー形成単位を含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び/若しくはエルシニア・ヌルミイ(Yersinia nurmii)細菌並びに/又は前記細菌に由来する毒素;並びに
メトミル、オキサミル、カルバリル、アセフェート、λ−シハロトリン、エスフェンバレレート、フェンプロパトリン、スピノサド、スピネトラム、エマメクチン安息香酸塩、テブフェノジド、メトキシフェノジド、リナキシピル、クロラントラニリプロール、フルベンジアミド、インドキサカルブ、CYD−X(商標)、及びノバルロンを含む少なくとも1種の殺虫剤を含むか、それから本質的になるか、又はそれからなる組成物。 - 前記少なくとも1種の殺虫剤が、カルバリル、スピノサド、エマメクチン安息香酸塩、インドキサカルブ及びノバルロンを含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)及び/若しくはエルシニア・ヌルミイ(Yersinia nurmii)細菌並びに/又は前記細菌に由来する毒素;並びに
Lannate(登録商標)及びAcinate 24 L、Vydate(登録商標)、Sevin(登録商標)、Orthene(登録商標)、Mustang Max(登録商標)、Baythroid(登録商標)、Karate、Asana(登録商標);Danitol(登録商標)、Entrust(登録商標)、PESTANAL(登録商標)、Monterey Garden Insect Spray、Radiant(登録商標)、Proclaim(登録商標);Confirm(登録商標)、Intrepid(登録商標)、Prevathon(登録商標)、Coragen(登録商標)、Voliam(登録商標)、Acelepryn(商標)、Fenos(登録商標)、Toursismo(登録商標)、Synapse(商標)、Vetica(商標)、BELT(登録商標)、Avaunt(登録商標)、Steward(登録商標)、Romon(登録商標)及びPedestal(登録商標)を含む少なくとも1種の殺虫剤を含むか、それから本質的になるか、又はそれからなる組成物。 - 請求項1〜16のいずれか一項の組成物が適用されている植物又は植物部位。
- 請求項17に記載の植物から発芽した植物。
- 請求項17又は18に記載の植物から収穫された植物部位。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を植物又は植物部位、任意選択的に種子に適用することを含むか、それから本質的になるか、又はそれからなる方法。
- 前記植物又は植物部位が成長した際に、向上した植物成長及び/又は向上した植物収量をもたらす、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物を用いて得られる前記向上した植物成長及び/又は向上した植物収量が、前記エルシニア(Yersinia)並びに前記殺有害生物剤及び/又は物質単独を用いて得られる植物成長及び/又は植物収量に対する相加的効果と比較して予想外である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 植物成長及び/又は植物収量を向上させる方法であって、
請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を、前記植物又は植物部位から成長する前記植物の成長及び/又は収量を向上させるのに有効な量/濃度で、植物又は植物部位に適用することを含むか、それから本質的になるか、又はそれからなる、方法。 - 昆虫を殺滅する、昆虫の成長を阻害する、及び/又は昆虫の生殖を阻害するための、エルシニア・エントモファーガ(Yersinia entomophaga)細菌及び化学殺虫剤の使用。
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KR20190131070A (ko) * | 2017-03-24 | 2019-11-25 | 노보자임스 바이오아게 에이/에스 | 예시니아 엔토모파자 및 살충제 또는 다른 물질의 조합 |
KR102633312B1 (ko) | 2017-03-24 | 2024-02-05 | 노보자임스 바이오아게 에이/에스 | 예시니아 엔토모파자 및 살충제 또는 다른 물질의 조합 |
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WO2018175677A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
US20240057612A1 (en) | 2024-02-22 |
US12075772B2 (en) | 2024-09-03 |
US20200060284A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
AR111256A1 (es) | 2019-06-19 |
BR112019019694A2 (pt) | 2020-04-28 |
JP7374767B2 (ja) | 2023-11-07 |
BR112019019694B1 (pt) | 2024-01-30 |
CA3056903A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
BR122023022721A2 (pt) | 2023-12-26 |
AU2018237187B2 (en) | 2023-11-30 |
AU2018237187A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
KR102633312B1 (ko) | 2024-02-05 |
US11716994B2 (en) | 2023-08-08 |
KR20190131070A (ko) | 2019-11-25 |
EP3599864A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
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