JP2020172409A - mortar - Google Patents
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- JP2020172409A JP2020172409A JP2019075654A JP2019075654A JP2020172409A JP 2020172409 A JP2020172409 A JP 2020172409A JP 2019075654 A JP2019075654 A JP 2019075654A JP 2019075654 A JP2019075654 A JP 2019075654A JP 2020172409 A JP2020172409 A JP 2020172409A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
Description
本発明はモルタルに関する。さらに詳しくは、地山の変形と荷重を制御するための変形制御型ロックボルトの定着に好適なモルタルに関する。 The present invention relates to mortar. More specifically, the present invention relates to a mortar suitable for fixing a deformation control type lock bolt for controlling the deformation and load of the ground.
大土被りによる高地圧や膨張性地山においてトンネルを施工する場合に、従来は剛性の高い支保を二重・三重に建てこんで、剛な力で地圧に抵抗する方法が多く用いられて来たが、近年、海外では支保に作用する地圧を低減させるため、地山の変形を許容し、制御しながら掘削する事例が見られるようになった。国内でも、今後大土被りトンネルで予想以上の大変形が生じた場合の対策として、変形制御型支保の検討がされるようになってきた。その一例として、出願人らの一部は、非特許文献１において、変形制御型ロックボルトの開発に関わる研究背景とその成果を報告している。また、同ロックボルトの構造については、特許文献１に詳述されている。同ロックボルトの構造の概略を、非特許文献１から引用し、図１に示す。また、地山に埋設されたこの構造のロックボルトに対し、地山から引き抜かれようとする荷重が加えられた際の挙動を図２に、荷重−変位関係を図３に示す。（１）ネジ部〜モルタル間の付着による初期抵抗部、（２）スリーブがモルタルを圧壊しながら移動する中間抵抗部、（３）スリーブがリングに当たり、両者一体となってモルタルを圧壊する最終抵抗部という、トリリニアな荷重−変位関係を示すことが確認された。そして、ネジ部の長さや、スリーブとリングの距離を調整することで、地山の変形と支保が負担する荷重を任意に制御できる点で、変形制御型ロックボルトと称されるべきものである。このうち、特に（２）の中間抵抗部の挙動は、定着材の強度特性により決まるため、変形制御型ロックボルトに好適なセメント系定着材が望まれていた。当該定着材に要求される性能は、圧縮強度が（１）ロックボルト付着抵抗の観点から、施工後早期（２４時間）に５Ｎ／ｍｍ２を超え（２）変形制御の観点から材齢（２８日）が経過しても２０Ｎ／ｍｍ２前後に留まり、さらに（３）既存の連続練り圧送装置で練り混ぜ・圧送・充填が可能なモルタルであることである。セメントモルタルの場合、長期強度を低減しようとすれば水セメント比を高くすれば良いが、その場合ブリーディングや材料分離が生じ充填性や施工性（ポンプ圧送できない、ロックボルトが固定できない）が悪くなり、また、若材齢での強度不足が生じる。そこで初期強度の増進を図るため急結剤や急硬剤等が用いると、練り混ぜ直後に流動性が著しく低下したりして不具合を生じる結果となる。 When constructing a tunnel in high earth pressure due to earth cover or inflatable ground, a method of building a highly rigid support in double or triple and resisting earth pressure with a rigid force is often used. However, in recent years, in order to reduce the earth pressure acting on the support, there have been cases of excavation while allowing and controlling the deformation of the ground. In Japan as well, deformation control type support has been considered as a countermeasure in the event of a larger deformation than expected in the overburden tunnel. As an example, some of the applicants have reported in Non-Patent Document 1 the research background and the results related to the development of the deformation control type lock bolt. Further, the structure of the lock bolt is described in detail in Patent Document 1. The outline of the structure of the lock bolt is taken from Non-Patent Document 1 and shown in FIG. Further, FIG. 2 shows the behavior when a load to be pulled out from the ground is applied to the lock bolt of this structure buried in the ground, and FIG. 3 shows the load-displacement relationship. (1) Initial resistance due to adhesion between the screw part and mortar, (2) Intermediate resistance where the sleeve moves while crushing the mortar, (3) Last stand where the sleeve hits the ring and crushes the mortar together. It was confirmed that it shows a trilinear load-displacement relationship called a part. By adjusting the length of the threaded part and the distance between the sleeve and the ring, it is possible to arbitrarily control the deformation of the ground and the load borne by the support, so it should be called a deformation control type lock bolt. .. Of these, since the behavior of the intermediate resistance portion in (2) is determined by the strength characteristics of the fixing material, a cement-based fixing material suitable for the deformation control type rock bolt has been desired. The performance required for the fixing material is that the compressive strength exceeds 5 N / mm 2 early (24 hours) after construction from the viewpoint of (1) lock bolt adhesion resistance (2) age (28) from the viewpoint of deformation control. It is a mortar that stays at around 20 N / mm 2 even after a lapse of days), and (3) can be kneaded, pumped, and filled with an existing continuous kneading pumping device. In the case of cement mortar, if the long-term strength is to be reduced, the water-cement ratio should be increased, but in that case, bleeding and material separation occur, and the filling property and workability (pump pumping cannot be performed, lock bolt cannot be fixed) deteriorates. In addition, there is a lack of strength at a young age. Therefore, if a quick-setting agent, a quick-hardening agent, or the like is used to increase the initial strength, the fluidity may be significantly reduced immediately after kneading, resulting in a problem.
従来、定着材に関する発明は下記特許文献２〜６が提案されているが、これらは短期強度を増進させるものであって、変形制御に対応して長期の強度抑制を目的としたものではない。 Conventionally, the following patent documents 2 to 6 have been proposed as inventions relating to a fixing material, but these are intended to enhance short-term strength and are not intended to suppress long-term strength in response to deformation control.
本発明の目的は、モルタル特に地山の変形と荷重を制御するための変形制御型ロックボルトの定着に好適なモルタルを提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a mortar suitable for fixing a deformation control type lock bolt for controlling deformation and load of a mortar, particularly a ground.
本発明の他の目的は、ロックボルト付着抵抗の観点から施工後早期の２４時間時に圧縮強度が５Ｎ／ｍｍ２を超え且つ変形追従の観点から材齢２８日時の圧縮強度が２０Ｎ／ｍｍ２前後に留まり、そして既存の連続練り圧送装置で混練・圧送・充填が可能なモルタルを提供することにある。 Another object of the present invention is that the compressive strength exceeds 5 N / mm 2 in the early 24 hours after construction from the viewpoint of lock bolt adhesion resistance, and the compressive strength at the age of 28 days is around 20 N / mm 2 from the viewpoint of deformation follow-up. The purpose is to provide a mortar that can be kneaded, pumped, and filled with an existing continuous kneading pumping device.
本発明のさらに他の目的および利点は以下の説明から明らかになろう。 Still other objectives and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
本発明によれば、本発明の上記目的は、セメント、結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムおよび消石灰を含有することを特徴とするモルタルによって達成される。 According to the present invention, the above object of the present invention is achieved by a mortar characterized by containing cement, crystalline layered sodium silicate and slaked lime.
本発明によれば、本発明の上記モルタルの好ましい態様として下記（１）〜（８）のモルタルが提供される。
（１）セメント、結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムおよび消石灰を含有することを特徴とするモルタル。
（２）石灰石粉末、珪砂および分散剤よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種をさらに含有する上記（１）に記載のモルタル。
（３）セメント１００重量部、石灰石粉末１７８〜２４０重量部、６号珪砂３００〜４００重量部、結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウム９〜２４重量部、消石灰９〜３６重量部および分散剤０．１〜１．０重量部を含有する上記（１）〜（２）のいずれかに記載のモルタル。
（４）セメント、結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウム、消石灰、石灰石粉末および珪砂の合計１００重量部に対し水を１９〜２１重量部含有する上記（２）に記載のモルタル。
（５）ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１に従うテーブルフロー値が１５０〜１８０ｍｍを示す上記（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載のモルタル。
（６）施工後２４時間時および２８日時の圧縮強度が、それぞれ、５Ｎ／ｍｍ２超えおよび２３Ｎ／ｍｍ２を超えない値を示す上記（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載のモルタル。
（７）施工後２４時間時の静弾性係数が２ＫＮ／ｍｍ２以上を示す上記（１）〜（６）のいずれかに記載のモルタル。
（８）地山の変形を支えるための変形制御型ボルトを定着させるための上記（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載のモルタル。
According to the present invention, the following mortars (1) to (8) are provided as preferred embodiments of the mortar of the present invention.
(1) A mortar containing cement, crystalline layered sodium silicate and slaked lime.
(2) The mortar according to (1) above, further containing at least one selected from the group consisting of limestone powder, silica sand and a dispersant.
(3) 100 parts by weight of cement, 178 to 240 parts by weight of limestone powder, 300 to 400 parts by weight of No. 6 silica sand, 9 to 24 parts by weight of crystalline layered sodium silicate, 9 to 36 parts by weight of slaked lime, and 0.1 to 1 part of dispersant. The mortar according to any one of (1) to (2) above, which contains 0.0 parts by weight.
(4) The mortar according to (2) above, which contains 19 to 21 parts by weight of water with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of cement, crystalline layered sodium silicate, slaked lime, limestone powder and silica sand.
(5) The mortar according to any one of (1) to (4) above, which has a table flow value of 150 to 180 mm according to JIS R 5201.
(6) The mortar according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the compressive strengths at 24 hours and 28 days after construction do not exceed 5 N / mm 2 and 23 N / mm 2 , respectively.
(7) The mortar according to any one of (1) to (6) above, which has a static elastic modulus of 2 KN / mm 2 or more 24 hours after construction.
(8) The mortar according to any one of (1) to (4) above, for fixing a deformation control type bolt for supporting the deformation of the ground.
本発明のモルタルは、地山の変形と荷重を制御するための変形制御型ロックボルトの定着に好適に使用することができる。すなわち、本発明のモルタルを用いて上記ロックボルトを定着すると、施工後２４時間時に圧縮強度５Ｎ／ｍｍ２超えが得られ、材齢２８日時の圧縮強度は２０Ｎ／ｍｍ２前後に留まりしかも従来の連続練り圧送装置により混練・圧送・充填等を行うことができ、その使用の利便性も大きい。 The mortar of the present invention can be suitably used for fixing a deformation control type lock bolt for controlling the deformation and load of the ground. That is, when the lock bolt is fixed using the mortar of the present invention, a compressive strength exceeding 5 N / mm 2 is obtained 24 hours after construction, and the compressive strength at 28 days of age remains around 20 N / mm 2 and is conventional. Kneading, pumping, filling, etc. can be performed by the continuous kneading pumping device, and its use is very convenient.
本発明のモルタルは、セメントと共に結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムおよび消石灰を含むことを特徴とする。本発明の好ましい態様によれば、本発明のモルタルはさらに石灰石粉末、珪砂および分散剤よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種を含有する。本発明のモルタルは、上記セメント、結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムおよび消石灰からなる粉体の合計１００重量部に対し、あるいは好ましい態様によれば、さらに石灰石粉末および／または珪砂を加えた粉体の合計１００重量部に対し、水を１９〜２１重量部含有するのが好ましい。 The mortar of the present invention is characterized by containing crystalline layered sodium silicate and slaked lime together with cement. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mortar of the present invention further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of limestone powder, silica sand and a dispersant. The mortar of the present invention has a total of 100 parts by weight of the above-mentioned powder composed of cement, crystalline layered sodium silicate and slaked lime, or, according to a preferred embodiment, a total of 100 parts of powder obtained by further adding limestone powder and / or silica sand. It is preferable to contain 19 to 21 parts by weight of water with respect to parts by weight.
＜セメント＞
本発明のモルタルに用いるセメントには、ポルトランドセメントが好適である。中でも早強セメント超早強セメントなどの早期強度発現性に富むものが好ましい。早強性を示すセメントには、アルミナセメントやジェットセメントと呼ばれる超速硬セメントを用いることも可能であるが、練り混ぜ後の流動性を確保するため遅延剤を用いる必要があり、施工温度によって添加量を細かく調整する必要がある。
<Cement>
Portland cement is suitable as the cement used for the mortar of the present invention. Among them, early-strength cements, such as ultra-early-strength cements, which are rich in early strength development are preferable. It is possible to use ultrafast-hardening cement called alumina cement or jet cement as the cement that exhibits fast strength, but it is necessary to use a retarding agent to ensure fluidity after kneading, and it is added depending on the construction temperature. It is necessary to fine-tune the amount.
＜結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウム＞
本発明において用いる結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムとは、斜方晶または単斜晶を呈し、層状の構造を有する珪酸ナトリウムである。
このような結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムは、具体的には、Ｎａ２Ｓｉ２Ｏ５・ｘＨ２Ｏで示されるケニヤイト、Ｎａ２Ｓｉ１４Ｏ２９・ｘＨ２Ｏで示されるマガディアイトＮａ２Ｓｉ８Ｏ１７・ｘＨ２Ｏで示されるアイラアイト、Ｎａ２Ｓｉ２Ｏ５等の組成式を持つものが挙げられる。これらの中でも水との反応によって層間距離の増加効果が高く、アルカリ捕捉能が高いという点で、ＮａｘＨ（２−ｘ）ｙＳｉ２ｙＯ５・ｚＨ２Ｏ（ここでｘは０〜２、ｙは１±０．１、ｚは０〜５の数）の組成式で示される結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムが好適に用いられる。なお、上記組成式の結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムにおいて、本発明の効果に影響しない範囲で、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ａｌ等の元素が含まれていても良い。これら元素の混入量としては、Ｎａ１モルに対し、０．００５モル以下が好ましい。
<Crystalline layered sodium silicate>
The crystalline layered sodium silicate used in the present invention is sodium silicate having an orthorhombic or monoclinic structure and a layered structure.
Specifically, such crystalline layered sodium silicate is Kenyite represented by Na 2 Si 2 O 5 · xH 2 O and Magadiaite Na 2 Si 8 O represented by Na 2 Si 14 O 29 · xH 2 O. Airaaito represented by 17 · xH 2 O, include those having a composition formula such as Na 2 Si 2 O 5. Among these, NaxH (2-x) y Si 2y O 5 · zH 2 O (where x is 0 to 2, y ) in that the effect of increasing the interlayer distance is high by the reaction with water and the alkali trapping ability is high. Is 1 ± 0.1, and z is a number of 0 to 5). Crystalline sodium silicate represented by the composition formula is preferably used. The crystalline layered sodium silicate of the above composition formula may contain elements such as Na, K, Mg, Ca and Al as long as it does not affect the effect of the present invention. The amount of these elements mixed is preferably 0.005 mol or less with respect to 1 mol of Na.
結晶性層状ケイ酸ナトリウムは、水と反応してカネマイト（ＮａＨＳｉ２Ｏ５・３Ｈ２Ｏ）に変化する。このカネマイト自体も結晶性であるため、上記陰イオン群との反応が低く、ゲル化が抑制されているものと推測される。さらに、カネマイトは結晶水を有し、この結晶水は層間に捕捉されており、結晶の層間距離が増加する。この時カネマイトへの変化に伴ってアルカリ分であるＮａＯＨが放出されるが、このＮａＯＨ及び陰イオン群が結晶水に捕捉されることによって、モルタル中での急激なゲル化による流動性の低下を抑制しているものと推測される。 Crystalline layered sodium silicate is reacted with water to change the kanemite (NaHSi 2 O 5 · 3H 2 O). Since this kanemite itself is crystalline, it is presumed that the reaction with the anion group is low and gelation is suppressed. In addition, kanemite has water of crystallization, which is trapped between the layers, increasing the inter-layer distance between the crystals. At this time, NaOH, which is an alkaline component, is released along with the change to canemite, but when this NaOH and anion group are trapped in water of crystallization, the fluidity decreases due to rapid gelation in the mortar. It is presumed that it is suppressing.
珪酸塩としては、一般に珪酸ナトリウム（水ガラス）が広く知られているが、一般的な水ガラスではセメントと急激に反応しゲル化してしまい好適でない。また、急激にゲル化に至らない量であっても増粘効果によりポンプ圧送性が悪かったり、初期強度の発現性が不十分となったりする。本発明では、特殊な珪酸塩である結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムと水酸化カルシウム（消石灰）を組み合わせることで施工性を確保しながら硬化特性を満足する定着材として好適なモルタルを得ることができた。
このような結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムは、工業的に入手可能であり、具体的には、株式会社トクヤマシルテック製 製品名「プリフィード」（Ｎａ２Ｓｉ２Ｏ５）などが挙げられる。
Sodium silicate (water glass) is generally widely known as a silicate, but general water glass is not suitable because it rapidly reacts with cement and gels. Further, even if the amount does not rapidly gel, the pumping property may be poor due to the thickening effect, or the expression of the initial strength may be insufficient. In the present invention, by combining crystalline layered sodium silicate, which is a special silicate, and calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), it is possible to obtain a mortar suitable as a fixing material that satisfies the curing characteristics while ensuring workability.
Such crystalline layered sodium silicate is industrially available, and specific examples thereof include the product name "Prefeed" (Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ) manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation.
＜消石灰＞
本発明のモルタルには、上記結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムと共に、ゲル化時間や早期強度発現の調節の目的で消石灰すなわち水酸化カルシウムが用いられる。
<Slaked lime>
In the mortar of the present invention, slaked lime, that is, calcium hydroxide is used for the purpose of controlling gelation time and early strength development together with the above-mentioned crystalline layered sodium silicate.
＜石灰石粉末＞
本発明のモルタルには、好ましくはフィラーとして石灰石粉末が用いられる。一般に、セメントに用いる混合材料としては、フライアッシュや高炉スラグ粉末、シリカフューム等が知られているがこれらはセメントの水和反応に影響を与え、長期的には強度増進効果があるため好ましくない。水和に影響しない微粉末であれば良いが岩石粉末でも粘土鉱物ように吸水性の大きいものは練り混ぜ後に吸水による影響でモルタル粘性に変化が生じ易くポンプ圧送性に悪影響を及ぼす懸念があるのでやはり好ましくない。
<Limestone powder>
Limestone powder is preferably used as a filler in the mortar of the present invention. Generally, fly ash, blast furnace slag powder, silica fume and the like are known as mixed materials used for cement, but these affect the hydration reaction of cement and are not preferable because they have a strength-enhancing effect in the long term. Fine powder that does not affect hydration is fine, but rock powder that has high water absorption, such as clay minerals, tends to change in mortar viscosity due to the effect of water absorption after kneading, so there is a concern that it will adversely affect pumping performance. After all it is not preferable.
＜珪砂＞
本発明のモルタルには、好ましくは、水と混練する前のプレミックス粉体の流動性を確保しさらに性能向上のために珪砂好ましくは６号珪砂が用いられる。
<Silica sand>
For the mortar of the present invention, preferably silica sand is preferably No. 6 silica sand for ensuring the fluidity of the premix powder before kneading with water and further improving the performance.
＜分散剤＞
分散剤はモルタル調整時に一定量の水の添加量で所定のモルタル軟度を得るために用いられる。ナフタレンスルホン酸系、メラミン系、ポリカルボン酸系等の粉末分散剤を挙げることができるが、ナフタレンスルホン酸系分散剤が好ましく用いられる。分散剤は、セメント１００質量部に対し０．１５〜０．５質量部となる量で好ましく用いられる。
使用量が０．１５重量部未満の場合、モルタルの軟度が低下するため、ポンプ圧送性や地山内への充填性、ロックボルトを挿入する際の作業性低下となる。他方、０．５重量部を超えると地山内充填したモルタルがダレを生じたりする。
<Dispersant>
The dispersant is used to obtain a predetermined mortar softness with a fixed amount of water added during mortar preparation. Examples thereof include powder dispersants such as naphthalene sulfonic acid type, melamine type and polycarboxylic acid type, but naphthalene sulfonic acid type dispersant is preferably used. The dispersant is preferably used in an amount of 0.15 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.
If the amount used is less than 0.15 parts by weight, the softness of the mortar is lowered, so that the pumping property, the filling property into the ground, and the workability when inserting the lock bolt are lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.5 parts by weight, the mortar filled in the ground may sag.
本発明の好ましい態様によれば、本発明のモルタルは、セメント１００重量部、石灰石粉末１７８〜２４０重量部、６号珪砂３００〜４００重量部、結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウム９〜２４重量部、消石灰９〜３６重量部および分散剤０．１〜１．０重量部を含有する。
前記したとおり、本発明のモルタルは、比較的水含量を大きくして長期材齢下での強度発現を抑制している。そのため、若材齢下での強度発現は著しく阻害されるので強度促進効果のある促進剤を用いている。一般には、塩化物、炭酸塩、硫酸塩、アルミン酸塩、珪酸塩、カルシウムサルフォアルミネート等を適宜混合するが、鉄筋を腐食させたり、劇物で安全性に懸念が生じたり、効果が不十分であったりする。本発明では、上記のとおり、結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウムと消石灰との組み合わせにより、施工に必要な流動性を確保しつつ、要求強度を満足できるモルタルの提供に至ったものである。
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mortar of the present invention contains 100 parts by weight of cement, 178 to 240 parts by weight of limestone powder, 300 to 400 parts by weight of No. 6 silica sand, 9 to 24 parts by weight of crystalline layered sodium silicate, and slaked lime 9. It contains ~ 36 parts by weight and 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight of dispersant.
As described above, the mortar of the present invention has a relatively large water content and suppresses the development of strength under long-term age. Therefore, since the strength development at a young age is significantly inhibited, an accelerator having a strength promoting effect is used. Generally, chlorides, carbonates, sulfates, aluminates, silicates, calcium sulfates, etc. are mixed as appropriate, but they are effective because they corrode reinforcing bars and cause safety concerns with deleterious substances. It may be insufficient. In the present invention, as described above, the combination of crystalline layered sodium silicate and slaked lime has led to the provision of a mortar that can satisfy the required strength while ensuring the fluidity required for construction.
本発明のモルタルは、好ましくはフレッシュ性状で、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１で行ったテーブルフロー値が１５０〜１８０ｍｍを示し、硬化後材齢２４時間（２０℃）での圧縮強度が５Ｎ／ｍｍ２を超え、かつ静弾性係数が２ＫＮ／ｍｍ２以上である。また、好ましくは、材齢２８日強度が２０Ｎ／ｍｍ２前後に留まる。
これは、定着材に求められる好ましい性能を満足するものである。
The mortar of the present invention is preferably fresh in nature, has a table flow value of 150 to 180 mm as performed by JIS R 5201, and has a compressive strength of more than 5 N / mm 2 at 24 hours (20 ° C.) of material age after curing. Moreover, the static elastic modulus is 2 KN / mm 2 or more. Further, preferably, the strength at 28 days of age remains around 20 N / mm 2 .
This satisfies the preferable performance required for the fixing material.
＜モルタルの施工＞
本発明のモルタルの施工は、特に定着材として施工する際には、紛体（定着材モルタル組成物）を定量で切り出しながら配管中に設けた混合部に一定量の水を練り混ぜた後、配管中に設けたポンプ部により練り混ぜたモルタルが地山中に送り出される連続混合圧送装置（ＭＡＩポンプ）が用いられる。すなわち、ＭＡＩポンプは、粉体を挿入するホッパーを備え、ミキサー部で一定量の水と混練した後、装置下部に設けられた配管下流中のポンプ部からモルタルが連続的に所定の圧力で導出される機能を有している。
<Construction of mortar>
In the construction of the mortar of the present invention, particularly when the mortar is constructed as a fixing material, a certain amount of water is kneaded into a mixing portion provided in the pipe while cutting out a powder (fixing material mortar composition) in a fixed amount, and then the pipe is constructed. A continuous mixing and pumping device (MAI pump) is used in which the mortar mixed by the pump section provided inside is sent out into the ground. That is, the MAI pump is provided with a hopper for inserting powder, and after kneading with a certain amount of water in the mixer section, mortar is continuously drawn out at a predetermined pressure from the pump section in the downstream of the pipe provided in the lower part of the device. It has a function to be used.
材齢２８日強度を２０Ｎ／ｍｍ２前後に留まるモルタルを得るのには、水／セメント比（Ｗ／Ｃ）を１２０より大きくすれば得ることができるが、２４時間強度の要求性能を満たすことはできず、そのため材料分離（ブリーディング）を生じ体積変化を引き起こすためロックボルトを地山に固定できない。本発明では、セメントの粒子径と同様な石灰石粉末を用いることによりモルタル中のセメント量を変動させることが出来る。それによりＭＡＩポンプのような連続混合圧送装置を用いてモルタル中の粉体に対する水の量を一定にしつつ、セメントに対する水の量を変動させて流動性を確保しつつ材齢２８日強度を２０Ｎ／ｍｍ２前後に留まるものとすることを可能としたものである。 A mortar having a material age of 28 days and a strength of about 20 N / mm 2 can be obtained by increasing the water / cement ratio (W / C) to more than 120, but the required performance of 24-hour strength must be satisfied. The lock bolt cannot be fixed to the ground because it causes material separation (bleeding) and volume change. In the present invention, the amount of cement in the mortar can be varied by using limestone powder having the same particle size as the cement. As a result, using a continuous mixing and pumping device such as a MAI pump, the amount of water relative to the powder in the mortar is kept constant, and the amount of water relative to the cement is varied to ensure fluidity while increasing the strength at 28 days of age to 20 N. / mm 2 is obtained by allowing the shall stay back and forth.
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳述する。本発明は本実施例に限定されるものではない。尚、以下の実施例および比較例で使用した成分の詳細は以下のとおりである。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. The present invention is not limited to this embodiment. The details of the components used in the following examples and comparative examples are as follows.
使用材料
セメント ：早強セメント （株）トクヤマ製
石灰石粉末：Ｋ４００ 旭鉱末（株）社製
結晶性層状珪酸ナトリウム：プリフィード （株）トクヤマ社製
消石灰 ：工業用特号 吉澤石灰工業（株）社製
減水剤：マイティ１００ （株）花王社製
シリカフューム：ＳＫＷイーストアジア（株）社製
ベントナイト ：榛名 （株）ホージュン社製
硫酸バン土 ：試薬 富士フィルム和光純薬（株）社製
ＣＳＨ系促進剤：（株）ＢＡＳＦジャパン社製
Materials used Cement: Hayato Cement Co., Ltd. Tokuyama limestone powder: K400 Asahi Mineral Powder Co., Ltd. Crystalline layered sodium silicate: Prefeed Co., Ltd. Tokuyama Co., Ltd. Slaked lime: Industrial special issue Yoshizawa Lime Industry Co., Ltd. Water reducing agent manufactured by Mighty 100 Kao Corporation Silica Fume: SKW East Asia Co., Ltd. Bentonite: Haruna Co., Ltd. Hojun Co., Ltd. Sulfate van soil: Reagent Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. CSH system promotion Agent: Made by BASF Japan Co., Ltd.
実施例１〜６および比較例１〜５
（１）紛体の調製
表１に示す割合で使用材料を秤取り混合した。
（２）モルタルの調製
表２に示す割合で紛体と水とを練り混ぜた。練り混ぜは、連続混合を想定してＪＳＣＥ Ｄ １０２に準拠して行った。ホバートミキサーを用い、練り混ぜ容器に紛体２ｋｇを秤取り、低速で空練りを１０秒間行った後水を１０秒間で加えた。一旦、ミキサーを止め速度を高速に切り替え、続けて１５秒間練り混ぜた。
（３）フロー値の測定
練り混ぜたモルタルを、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１ セメントの物理試験方法１２． フロー試験に準拠してフロー値を計測した。結果を表２に示した。
（４）圧縮強度、静弾性係数の測定
５φ×１０ｃｍのモールドにモルタルを充填所定材齢まで２０±３℃、６０±５％ＲＨにて養生した。
養生後、脱型し上端部を研磨して平滑にした後、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０８ コンクリートの圧縮強度試験方法及びＪＩＳ Ａ １１４９ コンクリートの弾性係数試験方法に準拠してモルタルの圧縮強度および静弾性係数を計測した。結果を表２に示した。
Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5
(1) Preparation of powder The materials used were weighed and mixed at the ratio shown in Table 1.
(2) Preparation of mortar The powder and water were kneaded at the ratio shown in Table 2. Kneading was performed in accordance with JSCE D 102 assuming continuous mixing. Using a hovert mixer, 2 kg of the powder was weighed in a kneading container, and after 10 seconds of dry kneading at low speed, water was added in 10 seconds. The mixer was stopped, the speed was switched to a high speed, and the mixture was continuously mixed for 15 seconds.
(3) Measurement of flow value Physical test method of JIS R 5201 cement using the mixed mortar 12. The flow value was measured according to the flow test. The results are shown in Table 2.
(4) Measurement of compressive strength and static elastic modulus A mold of 5φ × 10 cm was filled with mortar and cured at 20 ± 3 ° C. and 60 ± 5% RH until a predetermined age.
After curing, the mold is removed and the upper end is polished and smoothed, and then the compressive strength and static modulus of the mortar are measured according to the JIS A 1108 concrete compressive strength test method and the JIS A 1149 concrete elastic modulus test method. did. The results are shown in Table 2.
Claims (8)
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| JP2020090622A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | 株式会社菱晃 | Hardening material, hardening material liquid, soil stabilization agent, manufacturing method of the agent, and foundation stabilization method |
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| JPS5763370A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1982-04-16 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Non-combustible and heat-resistant agent for fixing anchor bolt in hole |
| JPS63226499A (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1988-09-21 | 大阪セメント株式会社 | Lock-bolt fixing material |
| JP2009107894A (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-21 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Cement based anchoring material |
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