JP2020163327A - Biological treatment device for organic wastewater - Google Patents

Biological treatment device for organic wastewater Download PDF

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JP2020163327A
JP2020163327A JP2019068249A JP2019068249A JP2020163327A JP 2020163327 A JP2020163327 A JP 2020163327A JP 2019068249 A JP2019068249 A JP 2019068249A JP 2019068249 A JP2019068249 A JP 2019068249A JP 2020163327 A JP2020163327 A JP 2020163327A
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biological treatment
organic wastewater
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microbial power
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JP7247713B2 (en
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和也 小松
Kazuya Komatsu
和也 小松
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

To provide a biological treatment device that performs treatment without the occurrence of odors and volatilization of harmful substances.SOLUTION: In a biological treatment device for organic wastewater equipped with first to nth (n is 2 or more) biological treatment tanks connected in series, and which applies treatment to the organic wastewater in each tank, at least the first biological treatment tank 11 is a microbial power generator including an anode chamber 4 to which raw water containing organic matter that holds microorganisms and is an electron donor is supplied, and a cathode chamber 3 separated from the anode chamber by a non-conductive membrane having ion permeability and to which an electronic receptor is supplied, and at least a final biological treatment tank is an aerobic biological treatment tank.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、揮発性物質や臭気の発生する物質を含む有機性廃水を生物処理するのに好適な生物処理装置に係り、特に微生物発電装置を採用した有機性排水の生物処理装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a biological treatment device suitable for biologically treating organic wastewater containing volatile substances and substances that generate odors, and particularly relates to a biological treatment device for organic wastewater that employs a microbial power generation device.

揮発性物質や臭気の発生する物質を含む有機性排水を生物処理する場合、通常は臭気を防止するため、完全混合の反応槽を使用する。しかし、完全混合の反応槽では反応速度が極端に小さくなるために、滞留時間が長い大きな反応槽が必要である。また、完全混合の反応槽でも水の片流れや部分的な曝気強度の差などから、臭気物質の揮発を完全に防止するのは難しい。
反応速度を上げ槽容積を小さくするため、複数の反応槽を直列接続した多段反応槽等が用いられる。しかし、この場合、第１槽目の反応槽では臭気物質の分解が終了していないため、残存している臭気物質の一部が曝気によって揮発して臭気が発生したり、有毒物質が揮散する。プラグフロー型の反応槽の場合も同様である。 When biologically treating organic wastewater containing volatile or odor-producing substances, a fully mixed reaction vessel is usually used to prevent odor. However, in a completely mixed reaction vessel, the reaction rate becomes extremely low, so that a large reaction vessel having a long residence time is required. Moreover, even in a completely mixed reaction tank, it is difficult to completely prevent the volatilization of odorous substances due to the one-sided flow of water and the partial difference in aeration intensity.
In order to increase the reaction rate and reduce the tank volume, a multi-stage reaction tank or the like in which a plurality of reaction tanks are connected in series is used. However, in this case, since the decomposition of the odorous substance is not completed in the reaction tank of the first tank, a part of the remaining odorous substance is volatilized by aeration to generate an odor or the toxic substance is volatilized. .. The same applies to the plug-flow type reaction tank.

微生物を用いた発電装置として、特許文献１〜３には、微生物を保持する導電性充填材をアノード室内全体に存在させるとともに、アノード室とカソード室とを隔てる非導電性膜を、アノード室とカソード室とにそれぞれ配置される電極と密着させた微生物発電装置が記載されている。 As a power generation device using microorganisms, Patent Documents 1 to 3 include a conductive filler for retaining microorganisms in the entire anode chamber, and a non-conductive film separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber as an anode chamber. A microbial power generation device in close contact with electrodes arranged in each of the cathode chambers is described.

特開２００９−１５２０９１号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-152091 特開２０１０−３３８２３号公報JP-A-2010-33823 特開２００９−２２４１２８号公報JP-A-2009-224128

本発明は、揮発性物質や臭気の発生する物質を含む有機性排水であっても、臭気の発生や有害物質の揮発なく、処理することができる有機性排水の生物処理装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention provides a biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater that can treat organic wastewater containing volatile substances and substances that generate odors without generating odors or volatile substances. The purpose.

本発明の有機性排水の生物処理装置は、直列に接続された第１ないし第ｎ（ｎは２以上）の生物処理槽を備え、各槽内で処理を行う有機性排水の生物処理装置において、少なくとも第１生物処理槽は、微生物を保持し電子供与体である有機物を含む原水が供給されるアノード室と、該アノード室に対しイオン透過性を有した非導電性膜を介して隔てられ、電子受容体が供給されるカソード室とを備えた微生物発電装置であり、少なくとも最終生物処理槽は好気性生物処理槽である。 The organic waste biological treatment device of the present invention includes first to nth (n is 2 or more) biological treatment tanks connected in series, and is used in the organic waste biological treatment device for treating in each tank. At least the first biological treatment tank is separated from an anode chamber to which raw water containing an organic substance which holds microorganisms and is an electron donor is supplied, and a non-conductive film having ion permeability to the anode chamber. , A microbial power generator equipped with a cathode chamber to which an electron acceptor is supplied, and at least the final biological treatment tank is an aerobic biological treatment tank.

本発明の一態様では、前記有機性排水は、揮発性物質または臭気の発生する物質を含む有機性排水である。 In one aspect of the present invention, the organic wastewater is an organic wastewater containing a volatile substance or a substance that generates an odor.

本発明の一態様では、前記微生物発電装置以外の生物処理槽は、汚泥浮遊反応槽又は担体流動反応槽である。 In one aspect of the present invention, the biological treatment tank other than the microbial power generation device is a sludge floating reaction tank or a carrier flow reaction tank.

本発明の一態様では、前記好気性生物処理槽の処理水及び／又は汚泥の一部を前記微生物発電装置に返送する手段を備える。 In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a means for returning a part of the treated water and / or sludge of the aerobic biological treatment tank to the microbial power generation device.

本発明の一態様では、酸素を含有する前記好気性生物処理槽の排ガスの少なくとも一部を前記微生物発電装置のカソード室に供給する手段を備える。 In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a means for supplying at least a part of the exhaust gas of the aerobic biological treatment tank containing oxygen to the cathode chamber of the microbial power generator.

本発明の一態様では、前記微生物発電装置がエアカソードを備え、酸素を含有するカソード室の排ガスの少なくとも一部を前記好気性生物処理槽に供給する手段を備える。 In one aspect of the present invention, the microbial power generator includes an air cathode and means for supplying at least a part of the exhaust gas in the cathode chamber containing oxygen to the aerobic biological treatment tank.

微生物発電装置は、有機性排水を曝気することなく、密閉されたアノード室にて処理できるため、微生物発電装置から揮発性物質が排気中に揮散することがない。被処理水由来または生物反応により生成した揮発性物質や臭気原因物質又は臭気性物質は、微生物発電装置において酸化分解されて少なくとも揮発性物質や臭気原因物質又は臭気性物質を含まない物質にまで分解されるため、放散して排ガスとして系外排出されることがない。 Since the microbial power generator can treat the organic wastewater in a closed anode chamber without aeration, volatile substances do not volatilize into the exhaust from the microbial power generator. Volatile substances, odor-causing substances or odorous substances derived from the water to be treated or generated by biological reactions are oxidatively decomposed in the microbial power generation device and decomposed into at least substances that do not contain volatile substances, odor-causing substances or odorous substances. Therefore, it is not emitted and discharged as exhaust gas from the system.

なお、電極表面に形成される生物膜で処理を行う微生物発電装置は、極低濃度のＢＯＤ除去には不向きであるため、多段生物処理槽の最終槽に微生物発電装置を設置すると大きな反応槽が必要となり、場所、コストの点で不利になる。これらの点を考慮して、本発明では、最終段生物処理槽を好気処理槽とする。これにより、効率的、かつ、臭気発生及び揮発性物質の揮発のない生物処理が可能となる。 In addition, since the microbial power generation device that performs treatment with the biofilm formed on the electrode surface is not suitable for removing BOD at extremely low concentration, if the microbial power generation device is installed in the final tank of the multi-stage biological treatment tank, a large reaction tank will be created. It is necessary, which is disadvantageous in terms of location and cost. In consideration of these points, in the present invention, the final stage biological treatment tank is an aerobic treatment tank. This enables efficient biological treatment without odor generation and volatilization of volatile substances.

本発明の生物処理装置によれば、揮発性物質や臭気の発生する物質を含む有機性排水であっても、臭気の発生や有害物質の揮発なく、処理することができる。 According to the biological treatment apparatus of the present invention, even organic wastewater containing volatile substances and substances that generate odors can be treated without generating odors or volatile substances.

実施の形態に係る有機性排水の生物処理装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the biological treatment apparatus of organic wastewater which concerns on embodiment. 実施の形態に係る有機性排水の生物処理装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the biological treatment apparatus of organic wastewater which concerns on embodiment. 実施の形態に係る有機性排水の生物処理装置に用いられる微生物発電装置の模式的な縦断面図である。It is a schematic vertical sectional view of the microbial power generation apparatus used for the biological treatment apparatus of organic waste water which concerns on embodiment.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の有機性排水の生物処理装置の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図１は第１の実施の形態に係る有機性排水の生物処理装置を示している。 FIG. 1 shows a biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater according to the first embodiment.

この有機性排水の生物処理装置は、第１微生物発電装置１１及び第２微生物発電装置１２と、好気性生物処理槽１３と、沈殿槽１４とを有する。 This organic wastewater biological treatment device includes a first microbial power generation device 11, a second microbial power generation device 12, an aerobic biological treatment tank 13, and a settling tank 14.

原水は、原水配管１０を介して第１微生物発電装置１１のアノード室４に供給され、発電微生物による生物処理が行われ、第１処理水が得られ、第１処理水が配管１５を介して第２微生物発電装置１２のアノード室４に供給される。第２微生物発電装置１２で得られた第２処理水が配管１６を介して好気性生物処理槽１３に供給され、散気管１３ａから曝気されることにより好気性生物処理される。好気性生物処理水は、好気性生物処理槽１３に設けられたスクリーン１３ｂを通って配管１７に流出し、その一部は配管１８を介して原水配管１０に返送される。好気性生物処理水の残部は、配管１７から沈殿槽１４に導入され、上澄水が処理水として流出する。沈殿槽１４で沈殿した汚泥は、余剰汚泥として沈殿槽１４の底部から排出される。 The raw water is supplied to the anode chamber 4 of the first microbial power generation device 11 via the raw water pipe 10, and biological treatment is performed by the power generating microorganism to obtain the first treated water, and the first treated water is passed through the pipe 15. It is supplied to the anode chamber 4 of the second microbial power generation device 12. The second treated water obtained by the second microbial power generation device 12 is supplied to the aerobic organism treatment tank 13 via the pipe 16 and is aerated by the aeration pipe 13a to treat the aerobic organism. The aerobic biological treatment water flows out to the pipe 17 through the screen 13b provided in the aerobic biological treatment tank 13, and a part of the aerobic biological treatment water is returned to the raw water pipe 10 through the pipe 18. The rest of the aerobic biologically treated water is introduced from the pipe 17 into the settling tank 14, and the supernatant water flows out as the treated water. The sludge settled in the settling tank 14 is discharged from the bottom of the settling tank 14 as excess sludge.

各微生物発電装置１１，１２のカソード室３には空気が配管７から供給される。カソード室３からの排気は配管８を介して流出する。 Air is supplied from the pipe 7 to the cathode chamber 3 of each of the microbial power generators 11 and 12. The exhaust gas from the cathode chamber 3 flows out through the pipe 8.

図１では、好気性生物処理槽１３は担体流動反応槽であり、担体１３ｃが充填されている。好気性生物処理槽１３が、担体流動床の場合、スポンジ等の担体を３０〜５０％容量となるよう投入し、反応槽流出部に担体流出防止用のスクリーン１３ｂを設けたものが好適である。 In FIG. 1, the aerobic biological treatment tank 13 is a carrier fluidization reaction tank and is filled with the carrier 13c. When the aerobic biological treatment tank 13 is a carrier fluidized bed, it is preferable that a carrier such as a sponge is charged so as to have a capacity of 30 to 50%, and a screen 13b for preventing carrier outflow is provided in the outflow portion of the reaction tank. ..

図２では、好気性生物処理槽１３は汚泥浮遊反応槽であり、担体１３ｃは充填されていない。好気性生物処理槽１３からの流出水は、全量が配管１７を介して沈殿槽１４に供給され、上澄水が処理水として取り出され、その一部は配管１８を介して原水配管１０に返送される。沈殿汚泥の一部は返送配管１９によって好気性生物処理槽１３に返送され、残部は余剰汚泥として系外に排出される。 In FIG. 2, the aerobic biological treatment tank 13 is a sludge floating reaction tank, and the carrier 13c is not filled. All of the effluent from the aerobic biological treatment tank 13 is supplied to the settling tank 14 via the pipe 17, and the supernatant water is taken out as treated water, and a part of the effluent is returned to the raw water pipe 10 via the pipe 18. To. A part of the settled sludge is returned to the aerobic biological treatment tank 13 by the return pipe 19, and the rest is discharged to the outside of the system as excess sludge.

図２の有機性排水の生物処理装置のその他の構成は図１と同一であり、同一符号は同一部分を示している。 Other configurations of the biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater in FIG. 2 are the same as those in FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.

図１，２では、有機性排水の生物処理装置は微生物発電装置１１，１２と好気性生物処理槽１３とで構成されているが、その他の処理槽を備えてもよい。 In FIGS. 1 and 2, the biological treatment device for organic wastewater is composed of microbial power generation devices 11 and 12 and an aerobic biological treatment tank 13, but other treatment tanks may be provided.

有機物の全て、もしくは大部分が揮発性物質の場合、最終生物処理槽以外の生物処理槽は微生物発電装置とすることが望ましい。 When all or most of the organic substances are volatile substances, it is desirable that the biological treatment tanks other than the final biological treatment tank are microbial power generators.

有機物に占める揮発性成分の割合が小さい場合は、前半側の約１／２を微生物発電装置、後半側の約１／２を微生物発電装置以外とするのが望ましい。例えば、全体で４槽の場合であれば、前半側２槽を微生物発電装置とし、後半側２槽を微生物発電装置以外とすることが望ましい。 When the ratio of volatile components in the organic matter is small, it is desirable that about 1/2 of the first half side is a microbial power generation device and about 1/2 of the second half side is other than the microbial power generation device. For example, in the case of four tanks in total, it is desirable that the first two tanks are microbial power generation devices and the second half two tanks are other than the microbial power generation device.

原水中の有機物濃度が高い場合には（例えばＢＯＤ濃度２００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上、好ましくは１，０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上）、微生物発電装置が効果的である。処理が進んで低濃度（例えばＢＯＤ濃度２０〜２，０００ｍｇ／Ｌ、好ましくは５０〜１，０００ｍｇ／Ｌ）となっている後段側の反応槽では、生物膜の形成が進みにくいので、曝気を伴う接触効率の高い浮遊法や流動床等の担体法を用いた方が効果的である。 When the concentration of organic matter in the raw water is high (for example, the BOD concentration is 200 mg / L or more, preferably 1,000 mg / L or more), the microbial power generation device is effective. In the reaction tank on the latter stage where the treatment has progressed to a low concentration (for example, BOD concentration of 20 to 2,000 mg / L, preferably 50 to 1,000 mg / L), the formation of the biofilm is difficult to proceed, so aeration should be applied. It is more effective to use a floating method with high contact efficiency or a carrier method such as a fluidized bed.

また、微生物発電装置は、有機物のエネルギーを電気エネルギーとして取り出すため、好気性処理に比べて汚泥が増殖しにくい。そこで、立上げ時などは、最終生物処理槽の汚泥、またはＳＳを含む処理水の一部を、種菌として微生物発電装置に返送することが望ましい。 In addition, since the microbial power generation device extracts the energy of organic matter as electrical energy, sludge is less likely to grow as compared with aerobic treatment. Therefore, it is desirable to return the sludge from the final biological treatment tank or a part of the treated water containing SS to the microbial power generation device as an inoculum at the time of start-up.

原水としては、下水、食品工場排水などの有機性廃水が例示されるが、これに限定されない。 Examples of raw water include, but are not limited to, organic wastewater such as sewage and wastewater from food factories.

上記実施の形態ではカソード室に空気を供給しているが、純酸素や、酸素を富化させた空気あるいは、好気性生物処理槽１３の曝気排ガス等を用いることもできる。また、酸素以外の電子受容体、例えばヘキサシアノ鉄（III）カリウム（フェリシアン化カリウム）を含む液を供給してもよい。 In the above embodiment, air is supplied to the cathode chamber, but pure oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, aerated exhaust gas from the aerobic biological treatment tank 13, or the like can also be used. Further, a liquid containing an electron acceptor other than oxygen, for example, potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (potassium ferricyanide) may be supplied.

次に、微生物発電装置１１，１２の構成について図３を参照して説明する。 Next, the configurations of the microbial power generation devices 11 and 12 will be described with reference to FIG.

図３は微生物発電装置の概略的な構成を示す模式的断面図である。 FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a microbial power generator.

槽体１内に複数枚のイオン透過性非導電性膜２が平行に配置されることによってカソード室３とアノード室４とが交互に区画されている。各カソード室３内にあっては、イオン透過性非導電性膜２に接するように正極５が配置されている。 The cathode chamber 3 and the anode chamber 4 are alternately partitioned by arranging a plurality of ion-permeable non-conductive membranes 2 in parallel in the tank body 1. In each cathode chamber 3, the positive electrode 5 is arranged so as to be in contact with the ion-permeable non-conductive film 2.

なお、図３ではアノード室４及びカソード室３が複数設置されるマルチ（複層）セル型微生物発電装置が示されているが、単一セルであってもよい。 Although FIG. 3 shows a multi-layer cell-type microbial power generator in which a plurality of anode chambers 4 and cathode chambers 3 are installed, a single cell may be used.

正極（カソード）５は、導電性材料（グラファイト、チタン、ステンレスなど）で構成された立体よりなる。正極を構成する素材は、電子受容体の種類によって適宜、選択すればよい。酸素を電子受容体とする場合は白金などの酸素還元触媒を用いることが好ましく、例えばグラファイトフェルトを基材として白金を担持させるとよい。 The positive electrode (cathode) 5 is made of a solid made of a conductive material (graphite, titanium, stainless steel, etc.). The material constituting the positive electrode may be appropriately selected depending on the type of electron receptor. When oxygen is used as an electron acceptor, it is preferable to use an oxygen reduction catalyst such as platinum, and for example, it is preferable to support platinum using graphite felt as a base material.

各アノード室４内には、導電性材料（グラファイト、チタン、ステンレスなど）で構成された立体の負極６が配置されている。アノード室４内に発電微生物が保持されている。 In each anode chamber 4, a three-dimensional negative electrode 6 made of a conductive material (graphite, titanium, stainless steel, etc.) is arranged. Power-generating microorganisms are retained in the anode chamber 4.

この実施の形態では、カソード室３内は、空室であり、ガス流入管７を介して空気が導入され、ガス流出配管８を経て排ガスが流出する。 In this embodiment, the cathode chamber 3 is vacant, air is introduced through the gas inflow pipe 7, and exhaust gas flows out through the gas outflow pipe 8.

カソード室３とアノード室４とを仕切るイオン透過性非導電性膜２としては、非導電性、かつイオン透過性を有するものであれば殆どのものが使用できる。イオン交換膜、紙、織布、不織布、いわゆる有機膜（精密濾過膜）、ハニカム成形体、格子状成形体等が使用できる。イオンを透過させ易くするために、厚さは１０μｍ〜１ｍｍ、特に３０〜１００μｍ程度の薄いものが好ましい。 As the ion-permeable non-conductive film 2 that separates the cathode chamber 3 and the anode chamber 4, most of them can be used as long as they are non-conductive and have ion permeability. Ion exchange membranes, paper, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, so-called organic membranes (microfiltration membranes), honeycomb moldings, lattice moldings and the like can be used. In order to facilitate the permeation of ions, the thickness is preferably as thin as 10 μm to 1 mm, particularly about 30 to 100 μm.

原水又は第１処理水には、必要に応じ水酸化ナトリウム水溶液などのｐＨ調整剤が添加され、ｐＨが６〜９に調整されることが好ましく、ｐＨ６．５〜７．５に調整されることがさらに好ましい。アノード室の温度条件は常温から中高温、具体的には１０〜７０℃程度とすることが好ましい。 A pH adjuster such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is preferably added to the raw water or the first treated water to adjust the pH to 6 to 9, and the pH to be adjusted to 6.5 to 7.5. Is even more preferable. The temperature condition of the anode chamber is preferably room temperature to medium and high temperature, specifically about 10 to 70 ° C.

アノード室４に窒素ガスなどの酸素を含有しないガスを連続的、または、間欠的に通気してもよい。負極表面にガスによる剪断力が与えられ、生物膜の過度な付着による閉塞を防ぐ効果が高まるのに加え、特にカソード室３で酸素を電子受容体とする場合などには、好気性スライムの増殖などにより性能低下に繋がる、カソード室３からアノード室４に浸透する酸素を除去する効果もある。 An oxygen-free gas such as nitrogen gas may be continuously or intermittently aerated in the anode chamber 4. Shear force due to gas is applied to the surface of the negative electrode, which enhances the effect of preventing clogging due to excessive adhesion of biological membranes. In addition, especially when oxygen is used as an electron acceptor in the cathode chamber 3, aerobic slime proliferates. It also has the effect of removing oxygen that permeates from the cathode chamber 3 to the anode chamber 4, which leads to performance deterioration.

正極５と負極６との間に生じた起電力により、端子２０，２１を介して外部抵抗（図示しない）に電流が流れる。 Due to the electromotive force generated between the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6, a current flows through the terminals 20 and 21 to an external resistor (not shown).

カソード室３に酸素含有ガスを通気すると共に、負極溶液を流通させることにより、アノード室４内では、
（有機物）＋Ｈ２Ｏ→ＣＯ２＋Ｈ＋＋ｅ−
なる反応が進行する。この電子ｅ−が負極６、端子２１、外部抵抗、端子２０を経て正極５へ流れる。 By ventilating the oxygen-containing gas into the cathode chamber 3 and circulating the negative electrode solution, in the anode chamber 4,
(Organic matter) + H 2 O → CO 2 + H + + e −
Reaction proceeds. The electron e − flows to the positive electrode 5 via the negative electrode 6, the terminal 21, the external resistor, and the terminal 20.

イオン透過性非導電性膜２がカチオン交換膜である場合、上記反応で生じたプロトンＨ＋は、カチオン交換膜を通って正極５に移動する。正極５では、
Ｏ２＋４Ｈ＋＋４ｅ−→２Ｈ２Ｏ
なる反応が進行する。この正極反応で生成したＨ２Ｏはカソード排ガスと共に排出される。 When the ion-permeable non-conductive membrane 2 is a cation exchange membrane, the proton H + generated in the above reaction moves to the positive electrode 5 through the cation exchange membrane. At positive electrode 5,
O 2 + 4H + + 4e - → 2H 2 O
Reaction proceeds. H 2 O generated by this positive electrode reaction is discharged together with the cathode exhaust gas.

イオン透過性非導電性膜２としてアニオン交換膜を用いた場合、正極５では、
Ｏ２＋２Ｈ２Ｏ＋４ｅ−→４ＯＨ−
なる反応が進行する。この正極反応で生成したＯＨ−がイオン透過性非導電性膜２としてのアニオン交換膜を透過する。 When an anion exchange membrane is used as the ion-permeable non-conductive membrane 2, the positive electrode 5 has a positive electrode 5.
O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e − → 4OH −
Reaction proceeds. The OH − generated by this positive electrode reaction permeates the anion exchange membrane as the ion-permeable non-conductive membrane 2.

本発明では、アノード室内に保持され、電気エネルギーを産生させる微生物は、電極に電子を供与する機能を有するものであれば特に制限されない。例えば、Saccharomyces、Hansenula、Candida、Micrococcus、Staphylococcus、Streptococcus、Leuconostoa、Lactobacillus、Corynebacterium、Arthrobacter、Bacillus、Clostridium、Neisseria、Escherichia、Enterobacter、Serratia、Achromobacter、Alcaligenes、Flavobacterium、Acetobacter、Moraxella、Nitrosomonas、Nitorobacter、Thiobacillus、Gluconobacter、Pseudomonas、Xanthomonas、Vibrio、Comamonas、Proteus（Proteus vulgaris）、Shewannell及びGeobacterの各属に属する細菌、糸状菌、酵母などを挙げることができる。このような微生物を含む汚泥として下水等の有機物含有水を処理する生物処理槽から得られる活性汚泥、下水の最初沈澱池からの流出水に含まれる微生物、嫌気性消化汚泥等を植種としてアノード室に供給し、微生物を負極に保持させることができる。発電効率を高くするためには、アノード室内に保持される微生物量は高濃度であることが好ましく、例えば微生物濃度は１〜５０ｇ／Ｌであることが好ましい。 In the present invention, the microorganism retained in the anode chamber and producing electrical energy is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of donating electrons to the electrode. For example, Saccharomyces, Hansenula, Candida, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoa, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Neisseria, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Serratia, Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium. Bacteria belonging to the genera Gluconobacter, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Vibrio, Comamonas, Proteus (Proteus vulgaris), Shewannell and Geobacter, filamentous fungi, yeast and the like can be mentioned. Activated sludge obtained from a biological treatment tank that treats organic matter-containing water such as sewage as sludge containing such microorganisms, microorganisms contained in the first sedimentation pond of sewage, anaerobic digested sludge, etc. It can be supplied to the chamber and the microorganisms can be retained in the negative electrode. In order to increase the power generation efficiency, the amount of microorganisms retained in the anode chamber is preferably high, and for example, the concentration of microorganisms is preferably 1 to 50 g / L.

１ 槽体
２ イオン透過性非導電性膜
３ カソード室
４ アノード室
５ 正極
６ 負極
１１，１２ 微生物発電装置
１３ 好気性生物処理槽
１４ 沈殿槽
1 Tank body 2 Ion permeable non-conductive film 3 Cathode chamber 4 Anode chamber 5 Positive electrode 6 Negative electrode 11, 12 Microbial power generator 13 Aerobic biological treatment tank 14 Sedimentation tank

Claims (6)

直列に接続された第１ないし第ｎ（ｎは２以上）の生物処理槽を備え、各槽内で処理を行う有機性排水の生物処理装置において、
少なくとも第１生物処理槽は、微生物を保持し電子供与体である有機物を含む原水が供給されるアノード室と、該アノード室に対しイオン透過性を有した非導電性膜を介して隔てられ、電子受容体が供給されるカソード室とを備えた微生物発電装置であり、
少なくとも最終生物処理槽は好気性生物処理槽である有機性排水の生物処理装置。 In a biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater, which is provided with first to nth (n is 2 or more) biological treatment tanks connected in series and is treated in each tank.
At least the first biological treatment tank is separated from an anode chamber to which raw water containing an organic substance which holds microorganisms and is an electron donor is supplied, and a non-conductive film having ion permeability to the anode chamber. It is a microbial power generation device equipped with a cathode chamber to which an electron acceptor is supplied.
At least the final biological treatment tank is an aerobic biological treatment tank, which is a biological treatment device for organic wastewater. 前記有機性排水は、揮発性物質または臭気の発生する物質を含む有機性排水である請求項１記載の有機性排水の生物処理装置。 The biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the organic wastewater is organic wastewater containing a volatile substance or a substance that generates an odor. 前記微生物発電装置以外の生物処理槽は、汚泥浮遊反応槽又は担体流動反応槽である請求項１または２に記載の有機性排水の生物処理装置。 The biological treatment device for organic wastewater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biological treatment tank other than the microbial power generation device is a sludge floating reaction tank or a carrier flow reaction tank. 前記好気性生物処理槽の処理水及び／又は汚泥の一部を前記微生物発電装置に返送する手段を備える請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記載の有機性排水の生物処理装置。 The biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a means for returning a part of the treated water and / or sludge of the aerobic biological treatment tank to the microbial power generation apparatus. 酸素を含有する前記好気性生物処理槽の排ガスの少なくとも一部を前記微生物発電装置のカソード室に供給する手段を備える請求項１ないし４のいずれかに記載の有機性排水の生物処理装置。 The biological treatment apparatus for organic wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for supplying at least a part of the exhaust gas of the aerobic biological treatment tank containing oxygen to the cathode chamber of the microbial power generation apparatus. 前記微生物発電装置がエアカソードを備え、酸素を含有するカソード室の排ガスの少なくとも一部を前記好気性生物処理槽に供給する手段を備える請求項１ないし５のいずれかに記載の有機性排水の生物処理装置。
The organic wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the microbial power generator includes an air cathode and means for supplying at least a part of the exhaust gas from the oxygen-containing cathode chamber to the aerobic biological treatment tank. Biological processing equipment.
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JP2010153115A (en) * 2008-12-24 2010-07-08 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Microbial power generation method and microbial power generation device
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