JP2020153388A - Composite-type constant velocity universal joint - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a composite-type constant velocity universal joint which is applicable even under a large-angle inferior atmospheric condition, excellent in rigidity and durability, and can improve its own productivity.SOLUTION: A composite-type constant velocity universal joint comprises two pieces of single-type constant velocity universal joints S in a back-to-back form, the single-type constant velocity universal joints S are held in a cage 4 with balls 3 arranged one by one between a plurality of guide grooves 1b extending in an axial direction in each of which an inner ring member 2 is attached into an outer ring member 1, and which are formed at a spherical internal peripheral face 1a of the outer ring member 1, and a plurality of guide grooves 2b formed at a spherical external peripheral face 2a of the inner ring member 2, and extending in the axial direction. A shaft 5 is inserted into and fit to the inner ring member 2. The outer ring members 1 of the single-type constant velocity universal joints S are joined to each other by friction pressure-contact or electronic beam welding, and covered with bellows-type boots 7 over an opening-side external peripheral face of the outer ring member 1 and an outside diameter part of the shaft 5 which protrudes from the inner ring member 2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention assumes application to the axle of a drive device of an industrial machine (agricultural machine, steel industry machine, construction machine, etc.), and provides two single type constant velocity universal joints so as to be able to handle high angles. It relates to an integrated composite type constant velocity universal joint.

Constant-velocity universal joints enable rotation to be transmitted at a constant speed regardless of the angle between the input shaft and the output shaft (hereinafter referred to as the operating angle), and are used in various industrial machines as well as automobiles. Applies.

For example, it is also applied to agricultural tractors traveling on rough terrain, and in that case, it is necessary to be able to cope with the condition that the operating angle of the constant velocity universal joint provided on the axle of the drive device is high. As a constant velocity universal joint applied to such an application, a composite type constant velocity universal joint having two single type constant velocity universal joints back-to-back is known.

The single type constant velocity universal joint that constitutes the composite type constant velocity universal joint has an inner ring member embedded in the outer ring member and is mounted on the spherical inner peripheral surface of the outer ring member in the same manner as a general fixed type constant velocity universal joint. One ball is arranged between the formed axially extending guide grooves and the axially extending guide grooves formed on the spherical outer peripheral surface of the inner ring member and held by the cage. The shaft is inserted into the inner ring member to fit the inner ring member.

In the production of this composite type constant velocity universal joint, if the outer ring member is to be integrally molded, the shape is complicated and cannot be forged. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7A, the round bar 50 or the round pipe 51 is used as a material. As shown in FIG. 7 (7B), the inner spherical surface 53 is formed in the outer ring member 52, and then the guide groove 54 is formed.

Patent Document 1 below describes a composite type constant velocity universal joint in which an outer ring member is formed by machining. In this composite type constant velocity universal joint, the cover member covering the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring member and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft protruding from the inner ring member has a spherical seal shape, and a compression spring fitted to the outer periphery of the shaft is used to cover the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring member. It has a structure to be pressed.

Further, in Non-Patent Document 1 below, in a composite type constant velocity universal joint in which an outer ring member is formed by machining, in order to improve dust resistance, the outer peripheral surface on the opening side of the outer ring member and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft protruding from the inner ring member are covered. The one covered with bellows type boots is described.

On the other hand, in Patent Document 2 below, two forged outer ring members are arranged in the axial direction without cutting the outer ring members integrally by machining, and a ring-shaped adapter is provided at the facing ends of the outer ring members. A flange is fitted, the outer ring members are fastened to each other by bolts and nuts, and the outer ring member is covered with a disc-shaped boot with a metal ring over the outer peripheral surface on the opening side and the outer diameter of the shaft protruding from the inner ring member. Has been done.

JP-A-2007-78125 JP-A-2007-113769

NTN Catalog "Constantvelocity Joint for Industrial Machinery" CAT. No. 5603-III / J

However, in the case of a composite type constant velocity universal joint described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 in which an inner spherical surface or a guide groove is formed in an outer ring member by machining, a large amount of material is taken and productivity is achieved. There is a problem that becomes low.

Further, in the composite type constant velocity universal joint described in Patent Document 2, since the adapter flange and bolts / nuts are used for joining the outer ring members, the number of parts is increased, and the outer ring member and the adapter flange and the metal ring are used. It is necessary to interpose a sealing member such as a seal ring or a liquid packing between the disc-shaped boot and the boot, and there is a problem that the assembly workability is not good.

In addition, there is a problem that the strength and durability are lowered, and since the boot is a disc-shaped one with a metal ring, there is also a problem that the allowable operating angle is small and limited.

Therefore, the present invention can take a high working angle, can be applied to industrial machines and the like used under conditions of a bad atmosphere with a lot of dust, etc., has excellent strength and durability, and is produced by itself. An object of the present invention is to provide a composite type constant velocity universal joint capable of improving productivity.

In order to solve the above problems, the composite type constant velocity universal joint according to the present invention is provided with two single type constant velocity universal joints back-to-back, and the single type constant velocity universal joints are each used as an outer ring member. A plurality of axially extending guide grooves formed on the spherical inner peripheral surface of the outer ring member and a plurality of axially extending guide grooves formed on the spherical outer peripheral surface of the inner ring member. The structure is such that balls are arranged one by one between the guide grooves of the strips and held by a cage, and the shaft is inserted into the inner ring member to fit the outer ring members of the single type constant velocity universal joint. It was assumed that they were joined by frictional pressure welding or electron beam welding.

Further, it is assumed that the outer ring member is carburized steel or carbon steel, and these are subjected to carburizing quenching tempering or induction hardening tempering treatment, respectively.

Further, since the two single type constant velocity universal joints are provided with bellows type boots covering the outer peripheral surface on the opening side of the outer ring member and the outer diameter portion of the shaft protruding from the inner ring member, respectively. is there.

Further, the bellows type boot is made of resin or chloroprene rubber, silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene rubber or fluororubber.

The single type constant velocity universal joints are BJ (Ball fixed Joint), EBJ (high efficiency compact ball free joint), VUJ (Value Undercut free Joint), CFJ-W (Cross groove Fixed Joint with Wide range operating angle), respectively. ) [The above is the product series name of NTN Corporation], etc. It is assumed that it is a fixed constant velocity universal joint.

Since the composite type constant velocity universal joint according to the present invention is joined by friction welding or electron beam welding of two forged outer ring members, it is used under conditions where the operating angle is high, and has strength and durability. Can be applied to industrial machinery, etc. that require

Further, in the production of itself, it is not necessary to align the phases of the outer ring members, the number of parts is small, the assembly work can be simplified, and the productivity can be improved.

In addition, it is no longer necessary to seal the joints between the outer ring members, and by covering the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring members and the outer diameter of the shaft protruding from the inner ring members with bellows-type boots, under conditions of a bad atmosphere with a lot of dust and the like. It can also be applied to industrial machines used.

A vertical cross-sectional view showing a state of (1A) an operating angle of 0 ° and a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state of a high operating angle (1B) of the composite type constant velocity universal joint according to the embodiment of the present invention. (2A) Plane and front view showing billet of material in forging molding of outer ring member, (2B) Vertical cross section showing pre-molding process, (2C) Vertical cross section showing handling / narrowing process, (2D) Hole Vertical cross-sectional view showing the dawn process Vertical cross-sectional view showing the finished state of the outer ring member as above. A vertical cross-sectional view showing a joint state by friction welding between outer ring members as described above. Vertical cross-sectional view showing the joint state of the outer ring members as described above by electron beam welding. A vertical cross-sectional view showing a state in which an inner ring member, a ball, etc. are incorporated into the same outer ring member. A perspective view showing a round bar and a round pipe of (7A) material of an outer ring member by conventional machining, and (7B) a vertical cross-sectional view showing a finished state.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 (1A), this composite type constant velocity universal joint is provided with two single type constant velocity universal joints S back-to-back, and in consideration of adaptability to industrial machines, FIG. As shown in (1B), it is possible to take a high working angle. The single type constant velocity universal joint S corresponds to a fixed constant velocity universal joint such as BJ, EBJ, VUJ, CFJ-W, etc., respectively.

In the illustrated single type constant velocity universal joint S, the outer ring member 1 is charged with a plurality of inner ring members 2 arranged in the circumferential direction via balls 3, so that the intervals between the balls 3 in the circumferential direction are constant. The structure is held by the cage 4, and the shaft 5 is inserted into and fitted to the inner ring member 2, and the shaft 5 is prevented from coming off from the inner ring member 2 by the circlip 6.

A guide groove 1b extending in the axial direction is formed on the spherical inner peripheral surface 1a of the outer ring member 1, and a guide groove 2b extending in the axial direction is formed on the spherical outer peripheral surface 2a of the inner ring member 2. .. A plurality of guide grooves 1b and 2b are arranged in phases corresponding to the circumferential directions (six rows in this embodiment), and one ball 3 is arranged between the guide grooves 1b and 2b, respectively. ..

In the production process of the outer ring member 1, as shown in FIG. 2 (2A), the billet 10 of the round bar is used as a material, and as shown in FIG. 2 (2B), forging is performed as a preforming process, and the inner peripheral surface is formed. The prototype portion of 1a and the guide groove 1b is formed.

Forging shall be hot, subhot or cold forging. Further, by applying pressure with a mold or the like, the metal crystal is made finer, and the structure is made dense while adjusting the direction, so that high durability is obtained.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2 (2C), the inner peripheral surface 1a is made spherical through the handling and narrowing steps, and as shown in FIG. 2 (2D), the wall portion remaining in the intermediate portion by the drilling step. Make a hole in the space and let it penetrate the internal space in the axial direction.

In this way, by forging, applying pressure, handling and narrowing down, the work is preliminarily molded to a shape close to the finished state of the outer ring member 1, reducing the machining allowance and the material. Improve the mechanical properties of.

After that, as shown in FIG. 3, machining is performed to form a boot fitting portion and the like, and the shape is formed according to the main body joint type and the joining method.

Such an outer ring member 1 is carburized steel or carbon steel, and it is assumed that these are subjected to carburizing quenching tempering or induction hardening tempering treatment, respectively, and grinding or quenching according to the main body joint type. Performs steel cutting.

Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the outer ring member 1 formed as described above is in a state in which two identical members are arranged back to back and are coaxially fixed without any particular alignment in the circumferential direction. Then, they are joined by friction welding.

Friction welding is a joining method in which the joints are integrated by frictional heat generated by rotating or sliding one of the members while making pressure contact between the joints of two or more members. According to this joining method, a raised portion 9 is formed in the vicinity of the abutting surface (FIGS. 1 and 6 also show the one by friction welding).

Alternatively, instead of friction welding, the two outer ring members 1 arranged back to back are joined by electron beam welding as shown in FIG.

Electron beam welding is a type of fusion welding in which the filament is heated in a vacuum, the emitted electrons are accelerated at a high voltage, converged by an electromagnetic coil, and then collided with the base metal for welding. is there. According to this joining method, no ridge is generated near the abutting surface.

In this way, the two outer ring members 1 joined back to back by either method are coated with rust preventive oil or surface-treated according to the usage environment.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, when an inner joint member such as an inner ring member 2, a ball 3, or a cage 4 is attached to each of the two outer ring members 1, a single type constant velocity universal joint S is attached to the back surface. The main body of the composite type constant velocity universal joint equipped with two in total is constructed.

After that, as shown in FIG. 1, with the retaining circlip 6 attached to the tip of the shaft 5 in advance, the tip of the shaft 5 is inserted into the inner ring member 2 and spline-fitted.

Further, after lubricating the main body of the composite type constant velocity universal joint with grease or lubricating oil, a bellows type boot 7 is attached so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of each outer ring member 1 and the outer diameter portion of the shaft 5, and the bellows type boots 7 are attached. The internal space of the bellows type boot 7 is sealed by tightening with the boot bands 8a and 8b in the engaging grooves on the outer periphery of both ends of the boot 7.

The bellows type boots 7 are made of resin typified by thermoplastic polyester, chloroprene rubber, silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene rubber, fluororubber, or the like.

For the boot bands 8a and 8b, select those having specifications corresponding to the type of bellows type boot 7 and the outer diameter limitation, such as Ω type, low profile band type, and one-touch type.

Then, when assembling to an industrial machine or the like, the outer diameter portion of each shaft 5 is fitted into a speed reducer such as a bearing or a planetary gear on the other side, and is supported together with the main body of the composite type constant velocity universal joint.

Since the two forged outer ring members 1 are joined by friction welding or electron beam welding in the composite type constant velocity universal joint as described above, it is used under conditions where the operating angle is high, and has strength and durability. It can be applied to industrial machines that require sex.

Further, in the production of the outer ring members themselves, even if the outer ring members 1 aligned coaxially are out of phase in the circumferential direction, the constant velocity property of the constant velocity universal joint is not affected. It is not necessary to align them, the number of parts is small, the assembly work can be simplified, and the productivity can be improved.

Further, it is not necessary to seal the joint portion between the outer ring members 1, and the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring member 1 and the outer diameter portion of the shaft 5 protruding from the inner ring member 2 are covered with the bellows type boots 7, which causes a lot of dust and the like. It can also be applied to industrial machines used under atmospheric conditions.

S Single type constant velocity universal joint 1 Outer ring member 1a Inner peripheral surface 1b Guide groove 2 Inner ring member 2a Outer outer surface 2b Guide groove 3 Ball 4 Cage 5 Shaft 6 Circlip 7 Bellows-type boots 8a, 8b Boot band 9 Slope 10 billet

Claims (5)

Two single-type constant-velocity universal joints (S) are provided back-to-back, and the single-type constant-velocity universal joints (S) are each equipped with an inner ring member (2) in the outer ring member (1). A plurality of guide grooves (1b) extending in the axial direction formed on the spherical inner peripheral surface (1a) of the outer ring member (1) and the spherical outer peripheral surface (2a) of the inner ring member (2). One ball (3) is arranged between the formed axially extending guide grooves (2b) and held by the cage (4), and the shaft (5) is attached to the inner ring member (2). A composite type constant velocity universal joint having a structure in which it is inserted and fitted, and the outer ring members (1) of the single type constant velocity universal joint (S) are joined by friction pressure welding or electron beam welding. The composite type constant velocity according to claim 1, wherein the outer ring member (1) is carburized steel or carbon steel, and each of them is subjected to carburizing quenching tempering or induction hardening tempering treatment. Universal joint. The bellows covered by the two single-type constant velocity universal joints (S) over the outer peripheral surface on the opening side of the outer ring member (1) and the outer diameter portion of the shaft (5) protruding from the inner ring member (2), respectively. The composite type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the type boot (7) is provided. The composite type constant velocity universal joint according to claim 3, wherein the bellows type boot (7) is made of resin or chloroprene rubber, silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene rubber or fluororubber. The composite type constant velocity universal joint according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the single type constant velocity universal joints (S) is a fixed constant velocity universal joint.

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