JP2020121339A - Friction agitation joining tool, friction agitation joining device using the same and friction agitation joining method - Google Patents

Friction agitation joining tool, friction agitation joining device using the same and friction agitation joining method Download PDF

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JP2020121339A
JP2020121339A JP2019016490A JP2019016490A JP2020121339A JP 2020121339 A JP2020121339 A JP 2020121339A JP 2019016490 A JP2019016490 A JP 2019016490A JP 2019016490 A JP2019016490 A JP 2019016490A JP 2020121339 A JP2020121339 A JP 2020121339A
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stir welding
friction stir
joined
tool
shoulder portion
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JP7177717B2 (en
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山下 祐司
Yuji Yamashita
祐司 山下
勇司 鈴木
Yuji Suzuki
勇司 鈴木
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Aisin Takaoka Co Ltd
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Abstract

To obtain a friction agitation joining tool which can lower surface roughness by suppressing the generation of burrs caused by the remaining of fragments of a surface-treated layer at an agitation joining part even if a joined member having the surface-treated layer which is higher than a base material in a melting point is used, a friction agitation joining device and a friction agitation joining method.SOLUTION: A friction agitation joining tool 10 comprises a columnar base part 11, a probe 12 arranged at one end part of the base part 11, and a shoulder part 13 arranged around the probe 12. A slit 14 is formed at the shoulder part 13, and an angular part 15 formed at an opening end part of the slit 14 is arranged at the shoulder part. When joining a joined member W1 in which a surface-treated plated layer 41 is formed, the plated layer 41 of a surface is scraped by an external peripheral side end part 16 of the angular part 15, and discharged from a clearance between the shoulder part 13 and the joined member W1 by making the shoulder part 13 incline to the surface, and the base material is agitated in this state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

本発明は、摩擦撹拌接合用工具及びそれを用いた摩擦撹拌接合装置、並びに摩擦撹拌接合方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a friction stir welding tool, a friction stir welding apparatus using the same, and a friction stir welding method.

金属製の被接合部材同士を接合させる手法として、摩擦撹拌接合(FSW)が知られている。摩擦撹拌接合では、接合用工具のプローブを高速で回転させながら接合予定部分の起点に挿入し、その後、高速回転を維持しつつショルダ部で接合表面を押さえつけながら移動させる。プローブの高速回転によって発生する摩擦熱により被接合部材が軟化するとともに、被接合部材同士が塑性流動によって撹拌され、被接合部材同士が接合される。 Friction stir welding (FSW) is known as a method for joining members to be joined made of metal. In friction stir welding, the probe of the welding tool is inserted at the starting point of the portion to be welded while rotating at high speed, and then the welding surface is moved while pressing the weld surface while maintaining high-speed rotation. The members to be joined are softened by the frictional heat generated by the high-speed rotation of the probe, and the members to be joined are agitated by the plastic flow to join the members to be joined.

接合用工具の回転中に、塑性流動する被接合部材がショルダ部の外へはみ出した場合、そのはみ出した部分は、撹拌接合された部分(撹拌接合部)におけるバリとなる。そこで、従前の摩擦撹拌接合用工具では、渦巻き形状をなす溝をショルダ部に形成し、塑性流動する被接合部材を回転中心へ引き込むようにしている。これにより、ショルダ部の外へ塑性流動する被接合部材がはみ出すことが抑制され、ひいてはバリの発生が抑制される(例えば特許文献1参照)。 When the member to be plastically flowed out of the shoulder portion while the welding tool is rotating, the protruding portion becomes a burr in the agitated welded portion (agitated welded portion). Therefore, in the conventional friction stir welding tool, a groove having a spiral shape is formed in the shoulder portion so that the plastically flowed member to be welded is drawn into the center of rotation. As a result, the joined member that plastically flows out of the shoulder portion is suppressed from protruding, and in turn, the generation of burrs is suppressed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開2016−215264号公報JP, 2016-215264, A

ところで、摩擦撹拌接合によって接合される被接合部材として、導電性を付与するためのめっき層等、部材本体(母材)を形成する金属材料よりも融点の高い表面処理層が設けられたものが用いられることがある。このように相対的に融点の高い表面処理層を有する被接合部材を摩擦撹拌接合によって接合しようとすると、プローブの回転により生じる摩擦熱によって母材が軟化して塑性流動する一方、融点の高い表面処理層は軟化しない状態で維持される。 By the way, as the members to be joined by friction stir welding, those provided with a surface treatment layer having a melting point higher than that of the metal material forming the member main body (base material) such as a plating layer for imparting conductivity May be used. When a member to be joined having a surface treatment layer having a relatively high melting point is to be joined by friction stir welding, the base material is softened and plastically flows by the frictional heat generated by the rotation of the probe, while the surface having a high melting point is used. The treated layer is maintained in a non-softened state.

それにもかかわらず、従前の接合用工具を用いて摩擦撹拌接合を行うと、ショルダ部に形成された渦巻状の溝によって回転中心へ引き込まれるように塑性流動する母材とともに、非軟化状態にある表面処理層も回転中心へ引き込まれるように撹拌される。この場合、確かに、母材がショルダ部の外へはみ出すことが抑制され、それによるバリの発生は抑制される。その一方で、非軟化状態にある表面処理層の破片が撹拌接合部に残存するため、残った表面処理層の破片が母材の塑性流動を阻害したり、当該破片が母材によるバリに代わるバリとなり、撹拌接合部の表面が粗くなったりするという不都合もある。 Nevertheless, when friction stir welding is performed using the conventional welding tool, it is in a non-softened state together with the base material that plastically flows so as to be drawn into the center of rotation by the spiral groove formed in the shoulder portion. The surface treatment layer is also stirred so as to be drawn into the rotation center. In this case, it is sure that the base material is suppressed from protruding outside the shoulder portion, and the generation of burrs due to it is suppressed. On the other hand, the debris of the surface treatment layer in the non-softened state remains in the stir joint, so that the debris of the remaining surface treatment layer hinders the plastic flow of the base metal, or the debris replaces the burr by the base metal. There is also the disadvantage that it becomes burr and the surface of the agitation joint becomes rough.

そこで、本発明は、母材よりも融点の高い表面処理層を有する被接合部材が用いられた場合でも、撹拌接合部に表面処理層の破片が残存することによるバリの発生を抑制して表面粗さを低くすることができる摩擦撹拌接合用工具及び摩擦撹拌接合装置並びに摩擦撹拌接合方法を得ることを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention suppresses the occurrence of burrs due to the debris of the surface treatment layer remaining in the agitation joint portion even when a member to be joined having a surface treatment layer having a higher melting point than the base material is used to suppress the surface. An object of the present invention is to obtain a friction stir welding tool, a friction stir welding apparatus, and a friction stir welding method that can reduce the roughness.

上記課題を解決すべく、第1の発明の摩擦撹拌接合用工具は、
柱状をなす基部と、
前記基部の一端部に設けられたプローブと、
前記基部の一端部において、前記プローブの周囲に設けられたショルダ部と、
を備え、
前記ショルダ部に、被接合部材の母材の表面に設けられた表面処理層を削り取って前記ショルダ部と前記被接合部材との間から排出する切削部が設けられていることを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, the friction stir welding tool of the first invention is
A columnar base,
A probe provided at one end of the base,
At one end of the base portion, a shoulder portion provided around the probe,
Equipped with
It is characterized in that the shoulder portion is provided with a cutting portion that scrapes off the surface treatment layer provided on the surface of the base material of the member to be joined and discharges it from between the shoulder portion and the member to be joined.

第2発明の摩擦撹拌接合用工具は、
前記ショルダ部は平面であって、当該平面には前記プローブから外方へ直線状に延びる溝部が設けられており、
前記切削部は、前記溝部の開口縁部に形成された角部の外周側端部であることを特徴とする。
The friction stir welding tool of the second invention is
The shoulder portion is a flat surface, the flat surface is provided with a groove portion that linearly extends outward from the probe,
The cutting portion is an outer peripheral side end portion of a corner portion formed at an opening edge portion of the groove portion.

第3の発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置は、
上記摩擦撹拌接合用工具と、
前記ショルダ部を、被接合部材の表面に対して傾斜した状態で保持しつつ回転させる工具回転保持機構と、
を備えたことを特徴とする。
The friction stir welding apparatus of the third invention is
The friction stir welding tool,
A tool rotation holding mechanism for rotating the shoulder portion while holding the shoulder portion in an inclined state with respect to the surfaces of the members to be joined,
It is characterized by having.

第4の発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法では、
接合対象となる被接合部材のうち少なくとも一方が母材の表面に表面処理層が設けられ、当該被接合部材同士を接合する摩擦撹拌接合方法であって、
上記摩擦撹拌接合用工具を用い、
前記ショルダ部を前記被接合部材の表面に対して傾斜させた状態で、前記摩擦撹拌接合用工具を保持し、前記溝部の開口縁部に形成された角部の外周側端部によって前記被接合部材の表面処理層を削り取って前記ショルダ部と前記被接合部材との間から排出しながら摩擦撹拌接合することを特徴とする。
In the friction stir welding method of the fourth invention,
A friction stir welding method in which at least one of the members to be joined is provided with a surface treatment layer on the surface of the base material, and the members to be joined are joined together,
Using the friction stir welding tool,
The friction stir welding tool is held in a state in which the shoulder portion is inclined with respect to the surface of the member to be welded, and the welded portion is joined by the outer peripheral side end of the corner formed at the opening edge of the groove. The surface treatment layer of the member is scraped off, and friction stir welding is performed while discharging from the space between the shoulder portion and the member to be welded.

第1の発明によれば、摩擦撹拌接合を行う際に、被接合部材の表面処理層が切削部によって削り取られてショルダ部と被接合部材との間から排出され、その状態で、被接合部材の母材同士が塑性流動によって撹拌される。これにより、母材同士の塑性流動に非軟化状態にある表面処理層が巻き込まれ、それがバリとして残ってしまうことが抑制され、撹拌接合部における表面粗さを低くすることができる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, when friction stir welding is performed, the surface treatment layer of the member to be joined is scraped off by the cutting portion and discharged from between the shoulder portion and the member to be joined. The base materials of are agitated by plastic flow. As a result, it is possible to prevent the surface-treated layer in a non-softened state from being caught in the plastic flow between the base materials and leave it as burrs, and it is possible to reduce the surface roughness in the stir welding portion.

第2の発明によれば、摩擦撹拌接合用工具を被接合部材の表面に対して傾斜させることにより、当該表面には、溝部によって形成される角部の外周側端部が当たり、外周側端部によって表面処理層が削り取られ、ショルダ部の外方へ排出される。摩擦撹拌接合用工具は、工具鋼等の強度、耐衝撃性、耐摩耗性等に優れた材料によって形成されるため、複雑な加工がしにくく、また複雑な加工を施すとなれば高コストとなる。その点、平面であるショルダ部に溝部を形成するだけの簡易な構成で切削部が設けられているため、切削部が設けられた場合でも、摩擦撹拌接合用工具のコストが増加することを抑制できる。 According to the second invention, by tilting the friction stir welding tool with respect to the surface of the member to be welded, the outer peripheral side end of the corner portion formed by the groove portion abuts the surface, and the outer peripheral side end. The surface treatment layer is scraped off by the section and discharged to the outside of the shoulder section. Friction stir welding tools are made of materials with excellent strength, impact resistance, wear resistance, etc., such as tool steel, so it is difficult to perform complicated processing, and if complicated processing is performed, it will be expensive. Become. In that respect, since the cutting portion is provided with a simple structure in which the groove portion is formed in the shoulder portion which is a flat surface, even if the cutting portion is provided, it is possible to suppress an increase in the cost of the friction stir welding tool. it can.

第3の発明によれば、摩擦撹拌接合用工具がそのショルダ部を傾斜させた状態で保持されるため、切削部により、被接合部材の表面処理層を削り取ってショルダ部と被接合部材との間から排出することを好適に行える。 According to the third invention, since the friction stir welding tool is held in a state where the shoulder portion is inclined, the surface treatment layer of the member to be joined is scraped off by the cutting portion so that the shoulder portion and the member to be joined are separated from each other. It can be suitably discharged from the space.

第4の発明によれば、被接合部材の表面に設けられた表面処理層が角部の外周側端部によって削り取られ、ショルダ部と被接合部材との間から排出される。これにより、プローブの回転によって被接合部材の母材が塑性流動する際に、当該塑性流動に、非軟化状態にある表面処理層が巻き込まれ、それがバリとして残ってしまうことが抑制され、撹拌接合部における表面粗さ低くすることができる。 According to the fourth aspect of the invention, the surface treatment layer provided on the surface of the member to be joined is scraped off by the outer peripheral side end of the corner portion and discharged from between the shoulder portion and the member to be joined. As a result, when the base material of the members to be joined undergoes plastic flow due to the rotation of the probe, it is suppressed that the surface treatment layer in the non-softened state is involved in the plastic flow and remains as a burr. The surface roughness at the joint can be reduced.

摩擦撹拌接合用工具を示す側面図。The side view which shows the tool for friction stir welding. 摩擦撹拌接合用工具のショルダ部を示す平面図。The top view which shows the shoulder part of the tool for friction stir welding. 図2におけるA−A断面図。FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2. 摩擦撹拌接合装置を示す概略図。Schematic which shows a friction stir welding apparatus. 摩擦撹拌接合工具が移動している状態を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the state in which the friction stir welding tool is moving.

以下、本発明を具体化した実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。 Embodiments embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

はじめに、図1乃至図3に示す摩擦撹拌接合用工具10について説明する。摩擦撹拌接合用工具10は、基部11と、プローブ12と、ショルダ部13とを備えている。 First, the friction stir welding tool 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described. The friction stir welding tool 10 includes a base portion 11, a probe 12, and a shoulder portion 13.

基部11は、円柱状をなし、工具鋼、タングステン合金、セラミックス等の工具鋼、タングステン合金、セラミックス等の強度、耐衝撃性、耐摩耗性等に優れた材料を用いて形成されている。基部11の一端部は、基部11の中心軸線方向に対して直交する平坦面とされ、当該平坦面がショルダ部13となる。 The base portion 11 has a columnar shape and is formed using a material having excellent strength, impact resistance, wear resistance and the like, such as tool steel, tungsten alloy, ceramics and other tool steels, tungsten alloy, ceramics and the like. One end of the base portion 11 is a flat surface orthogonal to the central axis direction of the base portion 11, and the flat surface serves as the shoulder portion 13.

プローブ12は、円形平坦面よりなるショルダ部13の中心部に設けられ、基部11の中心軸線方向に向けて突出している。プローブ12は、円柱状をなし、基部11と同様、工具鋼、タングステン合金、セラミックス等の工具鋼、タングステン合金、セラミックス等の強度、耐衝撃性、耐摩耗性等に優れた材料を用いて形成されている。プローブ12の外周部には、その軸方向全域にわたってねじ溝が形成されている。 The probe 12 is provided at the center of the shoulder portion 13 having a circular flat surface and projects in the direction of the central axis of the base 11. The probe 12 has a columnar shape and is formed of a material having excellent strength, impact resistance, wear resistance, etc., such as tool steel, tungsten alloy, ceramics, etc. tool steel, tungsten alloy, ceramics, etc., like the base 11. Has been done. A thread groove is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the probe 12 over the entire axial direction thereof.

ショルダ部13には、プローブ12の外周部から基部11の外周部に向かって直線状に延びるスリット14が、径方向の全域にわたって設けられている。スリット14は、ショルダ部13を平面視した場合に、図2に示すように、十字をなすように4本設けられている。スリット14は溝部に相当し、図3に示すように、その断面形状は四角形状をなしている。スリット14の開口縁部には、略直角をなすとともに径方向に直線状に延びる角部15が形成されている。 The shoulder portion 13 is provided with a slit 14 linearly extending from the outer peripheral portion of the probe 12 toward the outer peripheral portion of the base portion 11 over the entire area in the radial direction. As shown in FIG. 2, four slits 14 are provided in a cross shape when the shoulder portion 13 is viewed in a plan view. The slit 14 corresponds to a groove portion, and as shown in FIG. 3, its cross-sectional shape is a square shape. At the opening edge of the slit 14, a corner portion 15 is formed which is substantially right angle and extends linearly in the radial direction.

次に、上記摩擦撹拌接合用工具10が設けられた摩擦撹拌接合装置20について説明する。摩擦撹拌接合装置20は、図4に示すように、装置ベース部23に設けられた載置部21と、位置決め部22と、加工装置部30とを有している。 Next, a friction stir welding apparatus 20 provided with the friction stir welding tool 10 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the friction stir welding apparatus 20 includes a placing section 21 provided on the apparatus base section 23, a positioning section 22, and a processing apparatus section 30.

載置部21は、装置ベース部23に設けられ、摩擦撹拌接合の接合対象となる被接合部材W1,W2が複数枚載置される。載置部21において、被接合部材W1,W2は、側面同士を突き合わせた状態で載置されることも、平面同士を重ね合わさせた状態で載置されることも可能となっている。図4には、一例として、板状をなす被接合部材W1,W2が重ね合わされて載置部21に載置された状態を示している。載置部21は、装置ベース部23に設けられたレール等の移動装置24によって移動可能に支持されている。図4に示した状態では、紙面に対して垂直方向に移動することが可能となっている。 The mounting portion 21 is provided on the apparatus base portion 23, and a plurality of members W1 and W2 to be joined, which are objects to be joined by friction stir welding, are placed. In the mounting portion 21, the members W1 and W2 to be joined can be mounted with their side surfaces abutted against each other or with their flat surfaces overlapped with each other. As an example, FIG. 4 shows a state in which the plate-shaped members W1 and W2 to be joined are stacked and placed on the placing portion 21. The mounting portion 21 is movably supported by a moving device 24 such as a rail provided on the device base portion 23. In the state shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to move in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.

位置決め部22は、載置部21に載置された被接合部材W1,W2が摩擦撹拌接合時に位置ずれしないように位置決めする。位置決め部22の構成は任意であるが、図4では、一例として、一対の挟持用部材22a,22bを有する構成を示している。この構成では、各挟持用部材22a,22bが被接合部材W1,W2の側に移動してこれを挟み込むことにより、載置部21に載置された被接合部材W1,W2が位置決めされる。 The positioning part 22 positions the members W1 and W2 to be welded mounted on the mounting part 21 so as not to be displaced during friction stir welding. Although the configuration of the positioning portion 22 is arbitrary, FIG. 4 shows a configuration having a pair of holding members 22a and 22b as an example. In this configuration, the sandwiching members 22a and 22b move to the joined members W1 and W2 side and sandwich the sandwiched members W1 and W2, whereby the joined members W1 and W2 placed on the placing portion 21 are positioned.

加工装置部30は、工具回転保持機構31と、支持機構32とを有している。なお、以下の説明では、図4に示された状態を上下方向とする。 The processing device section 30 has a tool rotation holding mechanism 31 and a support mechanism 32. In the following description, the state shown in FIG. 4 is the vertical direction.

工具回転保持機構31は、載置部21の上方に設けられ、上下方向に延びる回転軸線C1を中心に高速回転する回転軸33を有している。回転軸33には、上記摩擦撹拌接合用工具10が取り付けられている。回転軸33に取り付けられた摩擦撹拌接合用工具10は、プローブ12が下方に向けられ、回転軸33の回転軸線C1が摩擦撹拌接合用工具10の中心軸線と一致している。回転軸33が回転することにより、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10もその中心軸線を中心として回転する。工具回転保持機構31は、摩擦撹拌接合を行う際に、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10を被接合部材W1,W2に対して押圧する工具加圧部(図示略)を有している。 The tool rotation holding mechanism 31 is provided above the mounting portion 21 and has a rotation shaft 33 that rotates at a high speed around a rotation axis C1 extending in the vertical direction. The friction stir welding tool 10 is attached to the rotary shaft 33. In the friction stir welding tool 10 attached to the rotary shaft 33, the probe 12 is directed downward, and the rotation axis C1 of the rotary shaft 33 coincides with the central axis line of the friction stir welding tool 10. As the rotating shaft 33 rotates, the friction stir welding tool 10 also rotates about its central axis. The tool rotation holding mechanism 31 has a tool pressing portion (not shown) that presses the friction stir welding tool 10 against the members W1 and W2 to be welded when performing friction stir welding.

支持機構32は、装置ベース部23から上方に延びるように設けられたコラム25に沿って工具回転保持機構31が移動可能となるように、当該工具回転保持機構31を支持している。支持機構32は、工具回転保持機構31を上下方向に移動させ、摩擦撹拌接合を行う位置に配置したり、そこから退避位置に退避させたりする。 The support mechanism 32 supports the tool rotation holding mechanism 31 so that the tool rotation holding mechanism 31 can move along a column 25 provided so as to extend upward from the device base portion 23. The support mechanism 32 moves the tool rotation holding mechanism 31 in the vertical direction, arranges it at a position where friction stir welding is performed, or retracts it from there to a retracted position.

また、支持機構32は、水平方向に延びる回動軸線C2を中心に工具回転保持機構31が回動可能となるように支持している。上下方向に延びる回転軸線C1に対して、載置部21の進行方向に向けて所定角度だけ、工具回転保持機構31を傾斜させることが可能となっている。この傾斜機能を用いることにより、被接合部材W1,W2同士を接合させる部分の表面が水平である場合に、回転軸線C1を当該表面に対して直交した状態とすることも、当該表面に対して載置部21の進行方向又はその逆方向に向けて傾斜した状態にすることも可能となっている。 Further, the support mechanism 32 supports the tool rotation holding mechanism 31 so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis C2 extending in the horizontal direction. The tool rotation holding mechanism 31 can be tilted by a predetermined angle in the traveling direction of the mounting portion 21 with respect to the rotation axis C1 extending in the vertical direction. By using this tilting function, when the surface of the portion for joining the members W1, W2 to be joined is horizontal, it is possible to set the rotation axis C1 to be in a state of being orthogonal to the surface or to the surface. It is also possible to make the mounting portion 21 inclined in the traveling direction or the opposite direction.

次に、上記摩擦撹拌接合用工具10が取り付けられた摩擦撹拌接合装置20を用いて行う摩擦撹拌接合方法について説明する。ここでは、被接合部材W1,W2を接合する接合部分において、被接合部材W1,W2はそれぞれ板状をなしており、上下に重ね合わされている場合を例とする。本実施の形態では、上側に配置された被接合部材W1はアルミニウムにより形成され、導電性を付与するめっき処理が施されている。そのため、上側の被接合部材W1の表面及び下側の被接合部材W2との接合面には、アルミニウムよりも融点の高いめっき層41が設けられている。めっき層41は、表面処理層に相当する。一方、下側に配置された被接合部材W2はチタンにより形成されたものが用いられている。 Next, a friction stir welding method performed using the friction stir welding apparatus 20 equipped with the friction stir welding tool 10 will be described. Here, an example is given in which the members W1 and W2 to be joined each have a plate shape at the joining portion where the members W1 and W2 to be joined are joined together and are vertically stacked. In the present embodiment, the member W1 to be joined arranged on the upper side is made of aluminum and is plated with conductivity. Therefore, the plating layer 41 having a melting point higher than that of aluminum is provided on the surface of the upper joined member W1 and the joining surface with the lower joined member W2. The plating layer 41 corresponds to the surface treatment layer. On the other hand, the member W2 to be joined arranged on the lower side is made of titanium.

図5に示すように、摩擦撹拌接合装置20において、工具回転保持機構31と支持機構32とによって、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10を、載置部21の進行方向に向けて角度θだけ傾斜した状態で保持する。摩擦撹拌接合用工具10のプローブ12を高速で回転させながら接合予定部分の起点に挿入する。その後、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10の高速回転を維持しつつ、ショルダ部13で上側の被接合部材W1の表面を押さえつけながら、載置部21を摩擦撹拌接合用工具10の移動方向とは反対方向へ移動させる。これにより、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10は接合予定部分に沿って移動する。 As shown in FIG. 5, in the friction stir welding apparatus 20, the tool rotation holding mechanism 31 and the support mechanism 32 incline the friction stir welding tool 10 toward the traveling direction of the mounting portion 21 by an angle θ. Hold in. The probe 12 of the friction stir welding tool 10 is rotated at high speed and inserted into the starting point of the portion to be welded. Thereafter, while the high-speed rotation of the friction stir welding tool 10 is maintained, the mounting portion 21 is pressed in the opposite direction to the moving direction of the friction stir welding tool 10 while pressing the surface of the upper joined member W1 with the shoulder portion 13. Move to. As a result, the friction stir welding tool 10 moves along the planned welding portion.

摩擦撹拌接合用工具10の移動中、プローブ12の高速回転によって発生する摩擦熱により、上側の被接合部材W1と、下側の被接合部材W2の界面側(上側の被接合部材W1との接合面側)の領域とが軟化し、被接合部材W1,W2同士が塑性流動によって撹拌される。これにより、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10の軌跡には撹拌接合部42が形成され、被接合部材W1,W2同士が摩擦撹拌接合される。 During the movement of the friction stir welding tool 10, friction heat generated by high-speed rotation of the probe 12 causes an interface side between the upper joined member W1 and the lower joined member W2 (joining of the upper joined member W1). The area on the surface side) is softened, and the members W1, W2 to be joined are agitated by plastic flow. As a result, the stir welding part 42 is formed on the trajectory of the friction stir welding tool 10, and the members W1 and W2 to be welded are friction stir welded.

この場合において、ショルダ部13には、4本のスリット14の開口縁部に直線状をなす角部15が形成されている。そして、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10はショルダ部13が上側の被接合部材W1の表面に対して傾斜している。そのため、各角部15の外周側端部16は、ショルダ部13の回転によって被接合部材W1の表面に当たるたび、当該表面に対し、図5に示すように移動方向に対する直交方向からみて鋭角をなすように当たる。そのため、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10の高速回転により、角部15の外周側端部16は、上側の被接合部材W1の表面に当たるたび、当該表面に設けられためっき層41を削り取り、ショルダ部13と被接合部材W1との間から外方へ排出する。なお、角部15のうち、上側の被接合部材W1の表面に当たる外周側端部16が切削部に相当する。 In this case, the shoulder portion 13 is formed with linear corner portions 15 at the opening edge portions of the four slits 14. In the friction stir welding tool 10, the shoulder portion 13 is inclined with respect to the surface of the upper joined member W1. Therefore, each time the outer peripheral side end portion 16 of each corner portion 15 hits the surface of the member W1 to be joined by the rotation of the shoulder portion 13, an acute angle is formed with respect to the surface as viewed from a direction orthogonal to the moving direction as shown in FIG. Hit like Therefore, by the high-speed rotation of the friction stir welding tool 10, each time the outer peripheral end 16 of the corner 15 hits the surface of the upper joined member W1, the plating layer 41 provided on the surface is scraped off and the shoulder portion 13 is cut off. And the member W1 to be joined is discharged outward. In addition, of the corner portions 15, the outer peripheral side end portion 16 that abuts the surface of the upper joined member W1 corresponds to the cutting portion.

これにより、被接合部材W1,W2の母材同士が塑性流動によって撹拌される際に、表面のめっき層41は削り取られ、かつショルダ部13の外方へ排出されているため、撹拌によって表面のめっき層41が巻き込まれることが抑制される。その結果、摩擦撹拌接合による撹拌接合部42の表面に、めっき層41の破片がバリとして残ることが抑制され、表面粗さを低くすることができる。 As a result, when the base materials of the members W1, W2 to be joined are agitated by plastic flow, the plating layer 41 on the surface is scraped off and discharged to the outside of the shoulder portion 13. It is suppressed that the plating layer 41 is caught. As a result, it is possible to prevent the fragments of the plating layer 41 from remaining as burrs on the surface of the stir welding part 42 by friction stir welding, and reduce the surface roughness.

なお、上側の被接合部材W1に設けられためっき層41のうち、下側の被接合部材W2に接する部分のめっき層41は、角部15の外周側端部16によって削り取られ、排出されることはない。それでも、当該めっき層41の破片は、被接合部材W1,W2同士が塑性流動によって撹拌される際に、上側の被接合部材W1の表面に現れることがないため、撹拌接合部42の表面粗さには影響しない。 Note that, of the plating layer 41 provided on the upper member W1 to be joined, the portion of the plating layer 41 that is in contact with the lower member W2 to be joined is scraped off by the outer peripheral side end 16 of the corner portion 15 and discharged. There is no such thing. Nevertheless, since the fragments of the plating layer 41 do not appear on the surface of the upper joined member W1 when the joined members W1 and W2 are agitated by the plastic flow, the surface roughness of the agitated joined portion 42 is reduced. Does not affect

以上詳述したように、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合用工具10及びそれを用いた摩擦撹拌接合方法によれば、以下の作用効果を奏することができる。 As described in detail above, according to the friction stir welding tool 10 of the present invention and the friction stir welding method using the same, the following operational effects can be achieved.

(1)摩擦撹拌接合用工具10のショルダ部13にはスリット14が設けられ、径方向に延びる角部15が形成されている。摩擦撹拌接合を行う際には、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10を、そのショルダ部13が上側の被接合部材W1の表面に対して傾斜した状態で保持され、その状態で回転する。そのため、角部15の外周側端部16によりめっき層41が削り取られ、かつショルダ部13との間から排出されながら、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10はその移動方向へ移動する。プローブ12の回転によって被接合部材W1,W2の母材が塑性流動する際には、非軟化状態にあるめっき層41の破片が排出された状態で塑性流動するため、当該塑性流動にめっき層41の破片が巻き込まれ、それが撹拌接合部42にバリとして残ってしまうことが抑制される。これにより、撹拌接合部42における表面粗さを低くすることができる。 (1) The shoulder portion 13 of the friction stir welding tool 10 is provided with the slit 14 and the corner portion 15 extending in the radial direction. When performing the friction stir welding, the friction stir welding tool 10 is held with its shoulder portion 13 inclined with respect to the surface of the upper member W1 to be welded, and is rotated in that state. Therefore, the friction stir welding tool 10 moves in the moving direction while the plating layer 41 is scraped off by the outer peripheral side end 16 of the corner portion 15 and discharged from between the shoulder portion 13 and the shoulder portion 13. When the base materials of the members W1 and W2 to be joined are plastically flown by the rotation of the probe 12, the fragments of the plating layer 41 in the non-softened state are plastically flown in the discharged state, and thus the plating layer 41 is subjected to the plastic flow. It is suppressed that the debris of (1) is caught and remains as burr on the stirring joint 42. As a result, the surface roughness of the stirring joint portion 42 can be reduced.

(2)ショルダ部13には、スリット14が十字状をなすように形成されているため、上側の被接合部材W1のめっき層41を削り取ってショルダ部13と被接合部材W1との間から排出する角部15の外周側端部16は、4箇所設けられている。そのため、角部15の外周側端部16の数が少ない場合に比べ、めっき層41の削り取りと排出をより確実に行うことができる。 (2) Since the slit 14 is formed in the shoulder portion 13 so as to form a cross shape, the plating layer 41 of the upper joined member W1 is scraped off and discharged from between the shoulder portion 13 and the joined member W1. The outer peripheral end 16 of the corner 15 is provided at four locations. Therefore, as compared with the case where the number of the outer peripheral side end portions 16 of the corner portion 15 is small, the plating layer 41 can be scraped off and discharged more reliably.

(3)摩擦撹拌接合用工具10は、工具鋼等の強度、耐衝撃性、耐摩耗性等に優れた材料によって形成されるため、複雑な加工がしにくく、また複雑な加工を施すとなれば高コストとなる。その点、平面であるショルダ部13にスリット14を形成するだけの簡易な構成でめっき層41の切削部分を設けることができるため、切削部分を設けるために摩擦撹拌接合用工具10のコストが増加することを抑制できる。 (3) The friction stir welding tool 10 is formed of a material having excellent strength, impact resistance, wear resistance, etc., such as tool steel, so it is difficult to perform complicated processing, and complicated processing should not be performed. High cost. In that respect, since the cutting portion of the plating layer 41 can be provided with a simple configuration in which the slit 14 is formed in the shoulder portion 13 that is a flat surface, the cost of the friction stir welding tool 10 increases because the cutting portion is provided. Can be suppressed.

なお、本発明は、上記実施の形態に限定されず、例えば次のような構成や摩擦撹拌接合方法を採用してもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and the following configurations and friction stir welding methods may be adopted, for example.

(a)上記実施の形態では、ショルダ部13に4本のスリット14が十字状をなすように設けられているが、スリット14の本数は任意であり、少なくとも1本のスリット14が形成されていればよい。また、同一方向に延びる複数のスリット14が設けられていてもよい。その他、上記実施の形態では、スリット14が径方向の全域にわたって設けられているが、これに代えて、径方向の中央部よりも外周寄りの部分に設けられていれば足りる。 (A) In the above embodiment, the shoulder portion 13 is provided with the four slits 14 in a cross shape, but the number of the slits 14 is arbitrary, and at least one slit 14 is formed. Just do it. Further, a plurality of slits 14 extending in the same direction may be provided. In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the slit 14 is provided over the entire area in the radial direction, but instead of this, it is sufficient if it is provided in a portion closer to the outer periphery than the central portion in the radial direction.

(b)上記実施の形態では、ショルダ部13に設けられ、断面形状が略四角形状をなすスリット14が溝部に相当する。これに代えて、スリット14よりも幅広に形成された溝部としたり、径方向に直線状をなすのではなく、削り取られて排出されためっき層41がショルダ部13の外方へはみ出すような渦巻き形状をなすように形成された溝部としたりしてもよい。また、溝部の断面形状も任意であり、半円形状、V字状など、少なくとも、溝部の開口縁部に角部(エッジ)が形成される形状であれば、いかなる形状であってもよい。 (B) In the above-described embodiment, the slit 14 provided in the shoulder portion 13 and having a substantially rectangular cross section corresponds to the groove portion. Instead of forming a groove portion wider than the slit 14 or forming a straight line in the radial direction, a spiral layer in which the scraped and discharged plating layer 41 protrudes to the outside of the shoulder portion 13 You may make it the groove part formed so that it may make a shape. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the groove is also arbitrary, and may be any shape such as a semi-circular shape or a V-shape as long as at least a corner (edge) is formed at the opening edge of the groove.

(c)上記実施の形態では、プローブ12が円柱状をなすように形成されているが、これに代えて、先端に平坦面を有する略円錐形状に形成するなど、プローブ12の形状も任意である。また、プローブ12は、基部11と一体形成されたものであっても、基部11に対して着脱式のものであってもよい。 (C) In the above-described embodiment, the probe 12 is formed in a cylindrical shape, but instead of this, the probe 12 may be formed in any shape such as a substantially conical shape having a flat surface at the tip. is there. Further, the probe 12 may be integrally formed with the base 11, or may be detachable from the base 11.

(d)上記実施の形態では、ショルダ部13に設けられたスリット14の径方向に延びる角部15のうち、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10を傾斜させた場合に、上側の被接合部材W1の表面にあたる外周側端部16を切削部とした。切削部としては、例えば、正面フライス加工を行う工具のように、めっき層41等の表面処理層を切削することが可能な構成を備えていればよい。例えば、ショルダ部13に段差部分を設け、当該段差によって形成される角部を切削部としてもよい。切削部を形成する上では、ショルダ部13は平面でなくてもよい。この例のような切削部が設けられた構成であれば、摩擦撹拌接合用工具10を傾斜させることなく、上側の被接合部材W1の表面と水平な状態で保持し、高速回転させることによって、上側の被接合部材W1のめっき層41を削り取ってショルダ部13の外方へ排出することが可能となる。 (D) In the above-described embodiment, among the corner portions 15 of the slit 14 provided in the shoulder portion 13 extending in the radial direction, when the friction stir welding tool 10 is inclined, the surface of the upper joined member W1 The outer peripheral side end portion 16 corresponding to this was used as a cutting portion. As the cutting portion, for example, a structure capable of cutting the surface treatment layer such as the plating layer 41 may be provided, like a tool for face milling. For example, a stepped portion may be provided on the shoulder portion 13 and a corner formed by the stepped portion may be used as a cutting portion. In forming the cut portion, the shoulder portion 13 does not have to be a flat surface. If the configuration is such that the cutting portion is provided as in this example, the friction stir welding tool 10 is held in a horizontal state with the surface of the upper joined member W1 without being inclined, and is rotated at high speed, It is possible to scrape off the plating layer 41 of the upper joined member W1 and discharge it to the outside of the shoulder portion 13.

(e)上記実施の形態では、被接合部材W1,W2を接合する接合部分において、被接合部材W1,W2はそれぞれ板状をなし、それが上下に重ね合わされている場合の摩擦撹拌接合について説明した。これに代えて、被接合部材W1,W2同士の側面部分が突き合わされ、その突き合わされた部分が接合部分となる場合に適用してもよい。 (E) In the above-described embodiment, the friction stir welding in the case where the members W1 and W2 to be welded each have a plate shape at the joining portion for joining the members W1 and W2 to be joined and they are vertically stacked did. Instead of this, the invention may be applied to the case where the side surface portions of the members W1 and W2 to be joined are butted with each other, and the butted portion is the joining portion.

(f)上記実施の形態では、被接合部材W1,W2として、一方がめっき層41を有するアルミニウム、他方がチタンを材料とした場合について説明した。被接合部材W1,W2となる金属材料は、両者の接合部分の表面を形成するもの(重なり接合であれば上側の部材、突き合わせ接合であれば両者)が、めっき層41等の母材よりも融点の高い表面処理層を有する材料であればよい。マグネシウム、銅、ステンレス等の材料が一例として挙げられる。また、接合対象となる被接合部材W1,W2同士は異種材料であっても、同種材料であってもよい。 (F) In the above-described embodiment, the joined members W1 and W2 have been described in which one is made of aluminum having the plating layer 41 and the other is made of titanium. The metal materials to be the members W1 and W2 to be joined are those that form the surface of the joined portion of both (the upper member in the case of overlapping joining, both in the case of butt joining), rather than the base material of the plating layer 41 or the like. Any material may be used as long as it has a surface treatment layer with a high melting point. Materials such as magnesium, copper, and stainless are listed as an example. Further, the members W1 and W2 to be joined, which are to be joined, may be different materials or the same material.

10…摩擦撹拌接合用工具、11…基部、12…プローブ、13…ショルダ部、14…スリット(溝部)、15…角部、16…角部の外周側端部(切削部)、20…摩擦撹拌接合装置、31…工具回転保持機構、41…めっき層(表面処理層)、W1,W2…被接合部材。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Tool for friction stir welding, 11... Base, 12... Probe, 13... Shoulder, 14... Slit (groove), 15... Corner, 16... Outer end (cutting) of corner, 20... Friction Stir welding device, 31... Tool rotation holding mechanism, 41... Plating layer (surface treatment layer), W1, W2... Joined members.

Claims (4)

柱状をなす基部と、
前記基部の一端部に設けられたプローブと、
前記基部の一端部において、前記プローブの周囲に設けられたショルダ部と、
を備え、
前記ショルダ部に、被接合部材の母材の表面に設けられた表面処理層を削り取って前記ショルダ部と前記被接合部材との間から排出する切削部が設けられていることを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合用工具。
A columnar base,
A probe provided at one end of the base,
At one end of the base portion, a shoulder portion provided around the probe,
Equipped with
The shoulder portion is provided with a cutting portion that scrapes off the surface treatment layer provided on the surface of the base material of the member to be joined and discharges it between the shoulder portion and the member to be joined. Stir welding tool.
前記ショルダ部は平面であって、当該平面には前記プローブから外方へ直線状に延びる溝部が設けられており、
前記切削部は、前記溝部の開口縁部に形成された角部の外周側端部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の摩擦撹拌接合用工具。
The shoulder portion is a flat surface, the flat surface is provided with a groove portion that linearly extends outward from the probe,
The friction stir welding tool according to claim 1, wherein the cutting portion is an outer peripheral side end portion of a corner portion formed at an opening edge portion of the groove portion.
請求項1又は2に記載の摩擦撹拌接合用工具と、
前記ショルダ部を、被接合部材の表面に対して傾斜した状態で保持しつつ回転させる工具回転保持機構と、
を備えたことを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合装置。
A tool for friction stir welding according to claim 1 or 2,
A tool rotation holding mechanism for rotating the shoulder portion while holding the shoulder portion in an inclined state with respect to the surfaces of the members to be joined,
A friction stir welding apparatus comprising:
接合対象となる被接合部材のうち少なくとも一方が母材の表面に表面処理層が設けられ、当該被接合部材同士を接合する摩擦撹拌接合方法であって、
請求項2に記載の摩擦撹拌接合用工具を用い、
前記ショルダ部を前記被接合部材の表面に対して傾斜させた状態で、前記摩擦撹拌接合用工具を保持し、前記溝部の開口縁部に形成された角部の外周側端部によって前記被接合部材の表面処理層を削り取って前記ショルダ部と前記被接合部材との間から排出しながら摩擦撹拌接合することを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合方法。
A friction stir welding method in which at least one of the members to be joined is provided with a surface treatment layer on the surface of the base material, and the members to be joined are joined together,
Using the friction stir welding tool according to claim 2,
The friction stir welding tool is held in a state in which the shoulder portion is inclined with respect to the surface of the member to be welded, and the welded portion is joined by the outer peripheral side end of the corner formed at the opening edge of the groove. A friction stir welding method, wherein the surface treatment layer of a member is scraped off and discharged from between the shoulder portion and the member to be welded to perform friction stir welding.
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