JP2020118761A - pipe organ - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a pipe organ which can be reduced in size and has no deterioration in sound quality while rich music expression is kept.SOLUTION: A pipe organ comprises: a microphone 160 for detecting sound pressure inside a resonator of a flue pipe 130 in a low-pitched area; an amplifier 170 for amplifying a detection signal of the microphone; and a speaker 180 driven by the amplifier. The speaker is constituted to loudspeak at least a fundamental wave of the flue pipe in the low-pitched area.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a pipe organ that is a musical instrument, and more particularly to a small pipe organ that can be used for household purposes.

Speaking of pipe organs, I think of the huge instruments installed in chapels and music halls, but in recent years, along with the classical music boom, the demand for small pipe organs that can be installed in homes has increased little by little. There is. In order to reduce the size of the pipe organ, the foot keyboard has been omitted for only the hand keyboard, the fluid pipe has been shortened to a closed pipe, and the connection mechanism between the keyboard and the pallet has been simplified.

Such a small-sized hand keyboard-only pipe organ is called a positive organ, and page 127 of Non-Patent Document 1 shows an example of a basic structural cross section around the chest of the positive organ. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional pipe organ having a more practical hand keyboard only, on the bass side around the chest, based on the structural cross-section example. FIG. 6 is an image diagram of the appearance of the pipe organ around the chest, in which the scale is appropriately adjusted for easy viewing and the front row pipe on the bass side is removed.

In FIGS. 5 and 6, 510 is a chest. 511 is a pallet box into which air from the blower is sent. Reference numeral 512 denotes a pallet, which is an on-off valve for air flow. 513 is a pallet spring, which gives a force to close the pallet 512. 520 is a keyboard. Reference numeral 514 is a tracker pin, which is a connecting mechanism for pushing and opening the pallet 512 when the keyboard 520 is pushed. Reference numeral 515 is a tone channel, which is a groove through which air flows when the pallet 512 is opened.

Reference numeral 530 is a fundamental full-pipe, that is, an eight-foot pipe, and produces a tone having a pitch according to a note on the musical score. 540 is a 4-foot pitch overtone pipe, and produces a sound one octave higher than a note on the musical score. The overtone pipe 540 is also a flue pipe. An open pipe is used as the overtone pipe 540. Reference numeral 518 denotes a chest top plate, on which a fundamental-flue pipe 530 and an overtone pipe 540 are arranged. Reference numeral 516 denotes a fundamental-fluid-pipe slider, which turns on/off the pronunciation of the entire fundamental-fluid pipe 530. Reference numeral 517 is a slider of the overtone pipe, which turns on/off the sound generation of the entire pipe row of the overtone pipe 540.

As the fundamental tone full pipe 530, a closed pipe whose length is about half that of an open pipe is used. However, since the required effective length of the closed tube is still slightly shorter than 1/4 of the wavelength, the effective length of the fundamental tone full pipe 530 is 1.25 m at the lowest pitch C of the keyboard (frequency 65.4 Hz, wavelength 5.2 m). In order to obtain a sufficient bass volume, the outer cross-sectional size is generally as large as 8 to 10 cm in width and 10 to 12 cm in depth. For this reason, it is necessary to arrange and arrange the fundamental tone fluid pipes 530 in many rows.

In this way, the fundamental tone full pipe 530 becomes extremely large in the low tone range and occupies a large space, which has been the greatest obstacle to downsizing the pipe organ. In response to this problem, a method of substituting the low tone of the fundamental tone pipe with an electronic sound and omitting a large fundamental tone pipe has been partially put into practical use. However, in the case of an actual fundamental tone full pipe, the depth and speed of the keyboard touch can be controlled to change the sound quality at the start of pronunciation, while the electronic sound is simple to pronounce regardless of the keyboard touch. It can only be turned on or off, and cannot change the sound quality at the start of pronunciation. Therefore, there is a problem that the musical expression of the pipe organ becomes poor.

By the way, Patent Document 1 discloses a lead organ in which the entire lead row, which is a sounding body, is housed in a sound insulation box, and the sound of the lead in the sound insulation box is picked up by one microphone and amplified by a speaker. There is. If this conventional technology is applied to a pipe organ, it is considered that the real fundamental tone pipe can be miniaturized, so it can be expected that the pipe organ can be miniaturized while maintaining rich musical expression.

FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the conventional pipe organ on the low-pitched side around the chest, which is downsized by applying the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1. FIG. 8 is an external view image diagram of a chest pipe of a conventional pipe organ which is downsized, in which the scale is appropriately adjusted for easy viewing and the front row pipe on the bass side is removed.

In FIGS. 7 and 8, 610 is a chest, 611 is a pallet box, 612 is a pallet, 613 is a pallet spring, 614 is a tracker pin, 615 is a tone channel, 618 is a top plate of a chest, 640 is a harmonic pipe, and 616 is a fundamental tone. A slider for a full pipe, a slider 617 for a harmonic pipe, and a keyboard 520 for a keyboard are the same as those in FIGS. 5 and 6 described above, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

Then, in the conventional pipe organ in which the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is applied to reduce the size, a closed pipe is also used for the fundamental tone full pipe 630 in the low frequency range, and the cross section is further reduced. By making the shape narrower, the size is reduced, and the entire bass range of the plurality of fundamental sound pipes 630 is covered with the sound insulation box 650. Then, a microphone 660 is attached to one location of the sound insulation box 650 and picks up the sounds of the plurality of fundamental sound pipes 630. The detection signal of the microphone 660 is amplified by the amplifier 670 and amplified by the speaker 680. The sound insulation box 650 functions to prevent sound from the speaker 680 from returning to the microphone 660, that is, to shield sound and prevent howling. Further, the sound insulation box 650 is configured to discharge the air flowing through the fundamental sound pipe 630.

According to the miniaturized conventional pipe organ thus configured, the bass volume of the fundamental tone pipe 630 is increased by the speaker 680 even when the fundamental tone pipe 630 becomes thin and the volume of the bass tone decreases. Since it is possible to make the fundamental tone fluid pipe 630 thinner. Therefore, since the space occupied by the fundamental tone full-pipe 630 in the low-pitched range becomes small, it is expected that the pipe organ can be downsized.

JP-A-50-156922

"Einfuhrung in den Orgelbau" by Wolfgang Adelung Breitkopf & Hartel Wiesbaden, 1982

However, since the sound insulation box 650 is additionally required in the conventional pipe organ for miniaturization as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 described above, even if the fundamental sound pipe 630 itself is miniaturized, the entire pipe organ can be downsized. There is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the size significantly. In addition, since a standing wave is generated inside the sound insulation box 650, sounds of some specific frequencies are strengthened or weakened. For this reason, the bass sound of the fundamental pitch pipe 630 is not uniform in sound pressure level depending on the scale and is picked up by the microphone 660. Therefore, the bass sound of the fundamental pitch pipe 630 is uneven in volume depending on the scale in the speaker 680. There is also a problem that the sound quality of the pipe organ is deteriorated due to the loud sound.

The present invention solves such a conventional problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pipe organ which can be drastically downsized while maintaining rich musical expression power and without deterioration of sound quality.

In order to achieve the above object, the pipe organ of the present invention includes a microphone that detects sound pressure inside a resonator of a low-pipe flu-pipe, an amplifier that amplifies a detection signal of the microphone, and a speaker that is driven by the amplifier. And the speaker is configured to amplify at least the fundamental wave of the bass pipe in the bass range.

According to the pipe organ of the present invention, since the microphone can detect a sound pressure of extremely high bass in the resonator of the bass pipe in the bass range, the howling of the bass pipe in the bass range does not occur without providing a sound insulation box. The bass can be fully amplified. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce the size of the low-range flute pipe, and since a sound insulation box is not required, it is possible not only to achieve a large size reduction while maintaining rich musical expression, but also to prevent standing waves from the sound insulation box. Therefore, it is possible to provide a pipe organ with no sound quality deterioration.

It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the pipe organ of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the pipe organ of Embodiment 2 of this invention. FIG. 3 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a microphone position in a sound pressure detection experiment of a fluid pipe in the pipe organ according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9A is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a microphone position in a sound pressure detection experiment of a fluid pipe in a pipe organ according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing in the low-pitched sound side around the chest of the conventional pipe organ. It is an external appearance image figure around the chest of the conventional pipe organ. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional pipe organ, which is downsized by applying the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, on a low-pitched side around a chest. It is an external appearance image figure around the chest of the conventional pipe organ which miniaturized by applying the technique indicated by patent documents 1.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
The configuration of the pipe organ according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a pipe organ according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a microphone position in a sound pressure detection experiment of a fluid pipe in the pipe organ according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, 110 is a chest, 111 is a pallet box, 112 is a pallet, 113 is a pallet spring, 114 is a tracker pin, 115 is a tone channel, 116 is a basic tone pipe slider, 117 is a harmonic pipe slider, and 118 is a chest. The reference numeral 120 denotes a keyboard, and 140 denotes an overtone pipe. Since these are exactly the same as the conventional pipe organs shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 described above, description thereof will be omitted.

Reference numeral 130 is a fundamental tone pipe, which uses a closed pipe of 8 feet and is further thinned to achieve miniaturization. Its size is the lowest pitch C (65.4 Hz) of the keyboard, the effective length is about 1.25 m, the inner dimension of the cross section is 3.5 cm and the depth is 4.5 cm, and the outer dimension is 5 cm and the depth is 6.5 cm. It is thin and thin. Reference numeral 160 denotes a microphone, which is attached to a part of the wall of the resonator of the fundamental sound pipe 130 in the low frequency range so as to detect the sound pressure of the low sound inside the resonator. The microphone 160 is a microminiature electret condenser type microphone.

An amplifier 170 amplifies the detection signal of the microphone 160. The output of the amplifier 170 is about 15W. Reference numeral 180 denotes a speaker, which is driven by the amplifier 170. The speaker 180 expands the bass sound pressure of the fundamental-fluid pipe 130. The speaker 180 is a speaker unit having a diameter of 10 cm housed in a speaker box of about 6 liters, and is arranged at the lower rear of the chest 110. Although illustration is omitted, the bass sound of the speaker 180 is assembled as a whole pipe organ so as to be radiated rearward from the bottom surface of the chest 110. Thus, the speaker 180 is configured to amplify at least the fundamental wave of the bass pipe in the low frequency range.

In the first embodiment, the above-described configuration is made for each of the fundamental note-pipes 130 in a total of 13 bass ranges from the lowest note C of the keyboard to one octave above. That is, the microphone 160 is attached to each of the thirteen fundamental tone fluid pipes 130. Each of the microphones 160 is attached to a portion of the fundamental-fluid pipe 130 slightly behind the center of the resonator in the longitudinal direction.

In the present invention, an experiment was conducted on the sound pressure detection position of the microphone, and a position was found where not only a significantly higher sound pressure can be detected as compared with the conventional technique but also noise is reduced. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 330 denotes a fundamental note pipe, which is the same as the fundamental note pipe of the lowest note C of the keyboard of the pipe organ of the first embodiment. 331 is a resonator. Reference numeral 332 is called a nucleus, which creates an air lead that is an air flow and corresponds to the open end of the resonator 331. Reference numeral 333 is an air passage, which is a gap for forming an air lead. 334 is a mouthpiece, the width of which is 3.5 cm and the height is about 2 cm. Reference numeral 335 is an upper lip and corresponds to the upper end of the mouthpiece 334. Reference numeral 336 is a stopper for the closed tube and corresponds to the end of the closed tube of the resonator 331. L is the total length from the core 332 to the stopper 336, that is, the effective length of the resonator 331, which is about 1.25 m.

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 360 is a microphone having the same specifications as shown in FIG. 1, and the microphone 360 was attached to the positions a to l to measure the sound pressure detection level. “A” corresponds to a microphone mounting position in the pipe organ to which the conventional technique described in FIGS. 7 and 8 is applied, and is a position about 10 cm away from the mouthpiece. b is a close distance of 2 cm in front of the center of the mouthpiece 334, and is a minimum distance that does not generate so-called wind noise generated when the microphone hits the wind. c is a position approximately 1 cm above the base of the mouth opening 334.

d is the opening end position inside the resonator 331. 1 is a terminal position inside the resonator 331. e to k are respective positions obtained by dividing the effective length L into eight parts inside the resonator 331. For example, h corresponds to an intermediate point inside the resonator 331. j corresponds to the position of the microphone 160 in the first embodiment.

The positions of a, b, and c are outside the song mouth 334, and sounds outside the resonator 331 are detected. On the other hand, the positions from d to l are inside the mouthpiece 334, and the sound inside the resonator 331 is detected.

Table 1 below shows the measurement result of the sound pressure detection level at each microphone position from a to l, and the sound pressure detection level at the microphone position of b is 0 dB, and The relative sound pressure detection level at the microphone position is shown. As a result of this experiment, it was found that an extremely high sound pressure detection level can be obtained inside the resonator 331. It was also found that the sound pressure detection level becomes higher as the position is closer to the position of the stopper 336. The sound pressure detection level at the position j corresponding to the microphone 160 in the first embodiment is about 54 dB higher than that at the position a. It should be noted that the microphones 360 from a to l were not separate ones, and the same microphone was used to perform an experiment while changing the mounting position from a to l to eliminate the error in the sound pressure detection sensitivity due to the individual difference of the microphones.

Here, the condition of the sound pressure detection position of the microphone in which the sound insulation box 650 described in FIGS. 7 and 8 can be omitted will be considered. The sound insulation attenuation level in the low sound range of the sound insulation box 650 configured to discharge air is about the same as that of a commercially available sound insulation box for portable generators configured to allow air to flow, which is about 10 dB. Further, by mounting the microphone 160 on each of the thirteen fundamental tone pipes 130, the overall sensitivity level of all the microphones is about 22 dB higher than that when only one microphone is provided. Therefore, if a sound pressure detection level that is higher than the sound pressure detection level of the microphones in FIGS. 7 and 8 by about 32 dB (=10 dB+22 dB) or more is obtained, a plurality of fundamental-tone tunes can be generated without howling without providing a sound insulation box. The bass sound of the pipe 130 can be sufficiently amplified.

In Table 1, the sound pressure detection level when the microphone position is d to l is higher by about 35 to 55 dB than when the microphone position is a, and exceeds the above condition of 32 dB. Therefore, by detecting the sound pressure inside the resonator with the microphone, it is possible to sufficiently increase the bass sound of a large number of the fundamental sound pipes without causing howling without providing a sound insulation box.

The sound pressure detection level when the microphone position is c is about 24 dB higher than that when the microphone position is a, but does not reach the above condition of 32 dB. That is, with the conventional technique for detecting the sound pressure outside the resonator, it is not possible to sufficiently increase the bass sound of a large number of fundamental-tone pipes without providing a sound insulation box without causing howling.

When trying to detect a sound pressure as high as possible outside the resonator by setting the microphone positions to b and c, the noise of the air lead itself is significantly detected because the microphone 360 is located in the close range of the air lead ejected from the air passage 333. become. Therefore, the sound pressure signal detected by bringing the microphone 360 close to the mouth opening 334 from the outside of the resonator has a large amount of air lead noise, which causes a problem that the low tone quality of the detection signal deteriorates.

On the other hand, when the sound pressure inside the resonator 331 is detected by the microphone 360, the position of the microphone 360 can be separated from the air lead, so that the air lead noise is not significantly detected. That is, it was found that detecting the sound pressure inside the resonator with a microphone not only provides an extremely high detection level, but also has excellent sound quality of the detection signal. In particular, when the position of the microphone 360 is set to the position farther in the longitudinal direction than the mouthpiece of the resonator, that is, the position from e to l, not only the sound pressure detection level higher than the position d but also the air lead noise detection level is obtained. It became even lower, and the sound quality of the detection signal became even better.

The pipe organ of the first embodiment configured as described above uses a sound insulation box because the sound pressure detection level of the microphone 160 is about 54 dB higher than that of the pipe organ to which the conventional technique described in FIGS. 7 and 8 is applied. Even if it does not exist, it is possible to sufficiently increase the bass sound of a large number of the fundamental tone pipes 130 without generating howling.

The overall depth of the conventional pipe organ described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 is about 55 cm, while the overall depth of the pipe organs of FIGS. It was about 45 cm. On the other hand, in the pipe organ of the first embodiment, the total depth could be significantly reduced to about 35 cm.

As described above, according to the pipe organ of the first embodiment, the microphone can detect extremely high bass sound pressure inside the low-pipe frequency range full-pipe resonator, so that howling does not occur without providing a sound insulation box. It is possible to sufficiently increase the bass tone of the low-range flute pipe. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce the size of the low-range flute pipe, and since a sound insulation box is not required, it is possible not only to achieve a large size reduction while maintaining rich musical expression, but also to prevent standing waves from the sound insulation box. Therefore, it is possible to provide a pipe organ with no deterioration in sound quality.

(Embodiment 2)
The configuration of the pipe organ according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the structure of the pipe organ according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a microphone position in a sound pressure detection experiment of a fluid pipe in the pipe organ according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 2, 210 is a chest, 211 is a pallet box, 212 is a pallet, 213 is a pallet spring, 214 is a tracker pin, 215 is a tone channel, 216 is a basic tone pipe slider, 217 is a harmonic pipe slider, and 218 is a chest. The reference numeral 220 denotes a keyboard, and since these are exactly the same as the conventional pipe organ shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 described above, description thereof will be omitted.

Reference numeral 240 denotes a 4-foot pitch overtone pipe. In the second embodiment, this is a semi-closed pipe, and the total length of the pipe is reduced from the open pipe of the first embodiment to about half the length. The total length of the overtone pipe 240 at the lowest pitch C of the keyboard is about 65 cm.

In the present second embodiment, the fundamental sound pipe 230 corresponding to an 8-foot pipe is made to be a large size by using a Helmholtz resonator. The structure thereof will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 4, but the fundamental note pipe 230 has a cylindrical shape, and its size is about 65 cm in total length and about 4.5 cm in outer diameter at the lowest note C (65.4 Hz) of the keyboard. It is very small.

Reference numeral 260 denotes a microphone, which is attached so as to detect the sound pressure of the low tone inside the resonator from a hole provided in a part of the wall of the resonator of the fundamental sound pipe 230 in the low tone range. The microphone 260 is the same microminiature electret condenser type microphone as that used in the first embodiment.

An amplifier 270 amplifies the detection signal of the microphone 260. A speaker 280 is driven by the amplifier 270. That is, the speaker 280 amplifies the bass sound of the fundamental sound pipe 230. The amplifier 270 and the speaker 280 have the same specifications as those used in the first embodiment.

In the second embodiment, the above-described configurations are provided for each of the 14 fundamental bass fluid pipes 230 in the bass range from the lowest note C to the 13th note above the keyboard. That is, the microphone 260 is attached to each of the 14 fundamental tone pipes 230. Each of the microphones 260 is attached to the lower end portion of the resonator wall of the fundamental-fluid pipe 230. The fundamental-fluid pipes above the above scale were closed pipes.

Also in the second embodiment, the experiment of the sound pressure detection position of the microphone was conducted, and the position where not only the sound pressure significantly higher than that of the conventional technology can be detected but also the noise was small was found. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 430 is a fundamental note pipe, which is the same as the fundamental note pipe of the lowest note C of the keyboard of the pipe organ of the second embodiment. 431 is a Helmholtz resonator. The Helmholtz resonator is a resonator including a body having a volume and a port coupled to the volume, and the port of the Helmholtz resonator is generally called a neck or a neck.

Reference numeral 437 denotes a body, the inner diameter of which is approximately 4 cm, and the inner dimension length L is approximately 50 cm. 438 is a neck, which has an inner diameter of about 1.3 cm and a length of about 11 cm. Reference numeral 432 is a nucleus, which forms an air lead that is an air flow and corresponds to the open end of the Helmholtz resonator 431. An air passage 433 is a gap for forming an air lead. 434 is a song mouth, the width of which is about 1 cm and the height of which is about 1.8 cm. Reference numeral 435 is an upper lip and corresponds to the upper end of the mouth 434. Reference numeral 436 is a stopper of the body 437 and corresponds to the end of the Helmholtz resonator 431.

In other words, the fundamental flute pipe 430 according to the second embodiment is configured as a flute pipe that produces a low tone by sending air like a normal bass organ pipe by providing a mouth at the opening end of the neck of the Helmholtz resonator. It was done.

Assuming that the resonance frequency of the Helmholtz resonator is f, the internal volume of the body is V, the length of the neck is 1, the cross-sectional area of the neck is S, and the speed of sound is c, f=c(S/Vl) ^1/2 /2π approximation The formula relation holds. Therefore, even if the body is made small, a low resonance frequency can be obtained by making the neck thin or long. Therefore, the Helmholtz resonator can be miniaturized while maintaining the same low-frequency resonance frequency as compared with the closed-tube resonator, and by constructing the Helmholtz resonator as a full pipe, an ultra-small bass full-pipe can be realized.

In FIG. 4, reference numeral 460 is a microphone having the same specifications as those shown in FIG. 2, and the microphone 460 was attached at a position from m to x to measure the sound pressure detection level. m corresponds to a microphone mounting position in the pipe organ to which the conventional technique described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8 is applied, and is a position about 10 cm away from the mouthpiece. n is a close distance 1 cm in front of the center of the mouthpiece 434, and is a minimum distance at which so-called wind noise generated when the microphone hits the wind does not appear. o is a position approximately 3 mm above the base of the mouth opening 434.

p is the open end position inside the Helmholtz resonator 431. x is a terminal position inside the Helmholtz resonator 431. From t to w are respective positions obtained by dividing the inner length L of the body 437 into five equal parts. s and r are the positions of the ends of the body 437 on the side opposite to the end. r corresponds to the position of the microphone 460 in the second embodiment.

The positions of m, n, and o are outside the song mouth 434, and sounds outside the Helmholtz resonator 431 are detected. On the other hand, the position from p to x is inside the mouth opening 434, and the sound inside the Helmholtz resonator 431 is detected.

Table 2 below shows the measurement result of the sound pressure detection level at each microphone position from m to x. The sound pressure detection level at the microphone position of n is 0 dB, and each microphone from m to x is shown. The relative sound pressure detection level at the position is shown. It has been found that an extremely high sound pressure detection level can be obtained inside the Helmholtz resonator 431. It was also found that the change in sound pressure detection level with position was small inside the body of the Helmholtz resonator. The sound pressure detection level at the position r corresponding to the microphone 460 in the second embodiment is about 60 dB higher than that at the position m corresponding to the conventional technique shown in FIGS. It should be noted that the microphones 460 from m to x were not separate, and experiments were performed using the same microphone while changing the mounting position from m to x to eliminate the error in sound pressure detection sensitivity due to individual differences in microphones.

Here, the condition of the sound pressure detection position of the microphone in which the sound insulation box 650 described in FIGS. 7 and 8 can be omitted will be considered. The sound insulation attenuation level in the low sound range of the sound insulation box 650 is about 10 dB as described above. Further, since the microphones 260 are attached to each of the 14 fundamental tone pipes 230, the total sensitivity level of all the microphones is increased by about 23 dB as compared with the case where only one microphone is provided. Therefore, if a sound pressure detection level that is higher than the sound pressure detection level of the microphone in FIGS. The bass of 230 can be fully amplified.

In Table 2, the sound pressure detection level when the microphone position is from p to x is higher by about 41 to 62 dB than when the microphone position is m, and exceeds the above condition of 33 dB. Therefore, by detecting the sound pressure inside the Helmholtz resonator with a microphone, it is possible to sufficiently increase the bass sound of the fundamental fluid pipe without causing howling without providing a sound insulation box.

The sound pressure detection level when the microphone position is o is about 30 dB higher than when m is, but does not reach 33 dB, which is the above condition. In other words, with the conventional technique for detecting the sound pressure outside the Helmholtz resonator, it is not possible to sufficiently increase the bass sound of a large number of fundamental tone pipes without providing a sound insulation box without causing howling.

Further, similarly to the above-described first embodiment, when the position of the microphone 360 is set to the position farther in the longitudinal direction than the mouth of the Helmholtz resonator, that is, the position from q to x, the sound pressure detection level higher than the position p is obtained. Not only was it obtained, but the detection level of the air lead noise was even lower, and the sound quality of the detection signal was even better.

The pipe organ of the second embodiment configured as described above uses a sound insulation box because the sound pressure detection level of the microphone 260 is about 60 dB higher than that of the pipe organ to which the conventional technique described in FIGS. 7 and 8 is applied. Even if it does not exist, it is possible to sufficiently increase the bass sound of the fundamental sound pipe 230 without generating howling.

In the pipe organ of the second embodiment, in addition to being able to reduce the overall depth to about 35 cm as in the first embodiment, the height of the entire pipe organ is also increased by configuring the fundamental sound pipe 230 with a Helmholtz resonator. It was able to be lowered significantly. The overall height of the conventional pipe organ described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 is about 145 cm, while the overall height of the pipe organ of FIGS. The length was about 150 cm. However, with the pipe organ of the second embodiment, the overall height can be greatly reduced to about 80 cm, and an ultra-small pipe organ that can be easily installed in a normal room of a general household can be realized.

As described above, according to the pipe organ of the second embodiment, since the microphone can detect the extremely high bass sound pressure inside the low-pipe frequency full-pipe resonator, howling does not occur without providing a sound insulation box. It is possible to sufficiently increase the bass tone of the low-range flute pipe. Further, since the fundamental-fluid pipe is composed of the Helmholtz resonator, the length of the pipe can be significantly shortened. Therefore, it is possible to further downsize the bass pipe in the low frequency range, and since a sound insulation box is not required, it is possible to further downsize it while maintaining rich music expression power, and also the standing wave by the sound insulation box. Since it does not occur, it is possible to provide a pipe organ with no sound quality deterioration.

The first and second embodiments are merely examples of the pipe organ having two stops, and the present invention can be applied to pipe organs having various specifications. Of course, depending on the scale of the pipe organ and the range of the keyboard, it is possible to apply the fundamental-fluid pipe to a 16-foot tube, a 4-foot tube, or a 2-foot tube. Also, the type and number of overtone pipes vary depending on the pipe organ, and not only the full pipe but also the lead pipe. There is also a pipe organ which does not have a stop, which is a fundamental tone pipe that does not have a harmonic pipe, and the present invention can be applied to such a case. The present invention can also be applied to, for example, a 16-foot pipe for a foot keyboard of a pipe organ with a foot keyboard.

Furthermore, the first and second embodiments can be combined. In other words, in the pipe organ of the second embodiment in which the fundamental sound pipe is composed of the Helmholtz resonator, if the first embodiment is applied to the bass range of the overtone pipe, the pipe organ can be further miniaturized.

Further, in the first embodiment, the microphone 160 is configured to detect the sound pressure at a position slightly behind the center in the longitudinal direction inside the resonator of the fundamental sound pipe 130, but the fundamental wave (fundamental sound) is detected depending on the sound pressure detection position. It is good to consider that the sound pressure ratio of harmonics (overtones) changes.

For example, regarding the sound pressure distribution of the third harmonic inside the resonator of the closed tube, the sound pressure becomes maximum at the end position of the closed tube and the position of 1/3 length from the open end of the closed tube, and the open end position and open end of the closed tube are shown. The sound pressure becomes the minimum at the position of 2/3 from. In addition, the sound pressure distribution of the 5th harmonic has the maximum sound pressure at the end position of the closed pipe and at the positions 1/5 and 3/5 of the length of the open end of the closed pipe. The sound pressure becomes minimum at the positions of the lengths of 2/5 and 4/5.

That is, by adjusting the sound pressure detection position of the microphone, it is possible to adjust the balance between the fundamental wave and the harmonic wave of the detected sound pressure, so that it is possible to control the sound quality of the low-pitched sound. For example, in order to match the sound quality of the low-pitched bass fundamental pipe to the bass and the tone quality of the upper-pitched non-loud fundamental tone pipe, the ratio of both fundamental and harmonic levels must be the same. It suffices to select the sound pressure detection position of the microphone as follows.

When the fundamental-fluid pipe 230 is composed of the Helmholtz resonator as in the second embodiment, the sound pressure of the fundamental wave is dominant at any position inside the body. However, when the length of the body of the Helmholtz resonator approaches 1/4 of the wavelength of the resonance frequency, a sound pressure distribution like a closed pipe resonator appears, and a sound pressure distribution of harmonics appears. In such a case, the sound quality of the low-pitched sound of the detected sound pressure changes depending on the sound pressure detection position of the microphone 260, so the sound pressure detection position may be adjusted so that the low-pitched sound pressure can be detected with the desired sound quality.

Further, although the fundamental sound pipe 130 is closed in Embodiment 1, the present invention can be applied to other pipes such as an open pipe, a semi-open pipe, and a conical pipe. For example, the present invention can be applied to an open-pipe full-pipe in the low-pitched range when the tone color of an open pipe, rather than a closed pipe, is desired as the fundamental tone pipe and at the same time it is desired to downsize the pipe organ.

Further, although the Helmholtz resonator of the fundamental tone fluid pipe 230 of the second embodiment has a cylindrical shape, the body can have various other shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a spherical shape, and a bent shape. Further, the neck of the Helmholtz resonator can also have various shapes other than the cylindrical shape, such as a prismatic shape and a tapered cylindrical shape.

Further, the amplifiers of the first and second embodiments may be subjected to electrical filter processing according to the sound quality of the microphone detection signal. The microphone detection signal contains harmonic components, noise components, etc. in addition to the fundamental component of the fundamental sound of the fundamental tone pipe, but if the harmonic components and noise components are too strong, use a low-pass electrical filter to remove them. If attenuated, the bass can be amplified with good sound quality. In short, it is important to sufficiently amplify the low-pitched fundamental wave, and the level of other signal components may be adjusted appropriately by the electric filter processing of the amplifier.

Further, in the first embodiment, the microphone 160 is attached so as to be fitted into a part of the wall of the resonator of the fundamental sound pipe 130, but the microphone may be arranged inside the resonator. Alternatively, as shown in the second embodiment, a hole may be opened in the tube wall and the sound pressure inside the resonator may be detected from the hole. Alternatively, it is possible to extend the tube from the hole formed in the tube wall and guide the sound pressure to the microphone at a remote place. Further, the sound pressure inside the resonator may be detected from the stopper side of the resonator. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the sound pressure inside the resonator is not limited to being detected from the rear surface of the fundamental sound pipe, but it goes without saying that it may be detected from the front side or the side surface. The point is that the sound pressure inside the resonator can be detected, and various concrete methods can be considered. The same can be said for the second embodiment.

Further, in the first and second embodiments, the speaker is arranged in the lower rear part of the chest, but since humans have an auditory physiology that the sense of direction of sound becomes dull in the low range, it must be located in an extremely distant place. The speaker may be placed in a remote place. For example, the speaker may be placed in a place different from the pipe organ body. Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the examples described above.

According to the present invention, the microphone can detect extremely high bass sound pressure inside the resonator of the bass pipe in the bass range, so that the bass sound of the bass pipe in the bass range is sufficiently generated without howling without providing a sound insulation box. Can be loud. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce the size of the low-range flute pipe, and since a sound insulation box is not required, it is possible not only to achieve a large size reduction while maintaining rich musical expression, but also to prevent standing waves from the sound insulation box. Therefore, it is possible to provide a pipe organ with no deterioration in sound quality.

Therefore, the present invention can be applied to all types of pipe organs such as a pipe organ with a pedal keyboard, in addition to small pipe organs such as a positive keyboard such as a hand keyboard, and it is easy to install the pipe organ in a general household. The pipe organ of the present invention has extremely high practical value because it can be miniaturized.

110 Chest 111 Pallet Box 112 Pallet Spring 113 Pallet Spring 114 Tracker Pin 115 Tone Channel 116 Basic Sound Pipe Pipe Slider 117 Overtone Pipe Slider 118 Top Plate 120 Keyboard 130 Basic Sound Full Pipe 140 Overtone Pipe 160 Microphone 170 Amplifier 180 Speaker 210 Chest 211 Pallet Box 212 Pallet 213 Pallet spring 214 Tracker pin 215 Tone channel 216 Basic tone pipe slider 217 Overtone pipe slider 218 Top plate 220 Keyboard 230 Fundamental tone pipe 240 Overtone pipe 260 Microphone 270 Amplifier 280 Speaker 330 Fundamental tone pipe 331 Resonator 332 Core 333 Road 334 Uguchi 335 Upper lip 336 Stopper 360 Microphone 430 Fundamental tone Flue pipe 431 Helmholtz resonator 432 Nuclear 433 Wind path 434 Singer mouth 435 Upper lip 436 Stopper 437 Body 438 Neck 460 Microphone

Claims (3)

A microphone for detecting the sound pressure inside the low-frequency range full-pipe resonator, an amplifier for amplifying the detection signal of the microphone, and a speaker driven by the amplifier, wherein the speaker is at least the low-range full-pipe. A pipe organ characterized by being constructed so as to expand the fundamental wave. The pipe organ according to claim 1, wherein the Flue pipe is composed of a Helmholtz resonator. The pipe organ according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sound pressure detection position of the microphone is located at a position deeper in the longitudinal direction than the mouthpiece of the resonator.