JP2020111772A - Method of preventing converter slag from flowing out - Google Patents

Method of preventing converter slag from flowing out Download PDF

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JP2020111772A
JP2020111772A JP2019002326A JP2019002326A JP2020111772A JP 2020111772 A JP2020111772 A JP 2020111772A JP 2019002326 A JP2019002326 A JP 2019002326A JP 2019002326 A JP2019002326 A JP 2019002326A JP 2020111772 A JP2020111772 A JP 2020111772A
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slag
tapping
converter
outflow
flow
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JP7206923B2 (en
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陽介 正木
Yosuke Masaki
陽介 正木
裕平 伊青
Yuhei Isei
裕平 伊青
敦惟 山口
Atsunari Yamaguchi
敦惟 山口
和也 土岐
Kazuya Toki
和也 土岐
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Nippon Steel Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

To provide a method of preventing converter slag from flowing out, capable of reducing sufficiently an amount of the slag flowing out into a ladle and reliably closing a tap hole at an end of tapping, in the method of preventing the converter slag from flowing out using a slag cut-off plug.SOLUTION: When extracting molten iron through a tap hole of a converter, time is measured in advance from start of the tapping until slag is observed to be intermixed with a tapping flow, and is set as X (seconds), and a slag cut-off plug is loaded right above the tap hole after the tapping flow starts swirling and before the X (second) has elapsed from the start of the tapping.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、転炉内スラグの流出防止方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for preventing outflow of slag in a converter.

転炉精錬においては、溶銑、あるいは予備処理を行った溶鉄を転炉内に装入し、上吹きランスあるいは底吹きを併用して酸素ガスを供給して酸化精錬を行い、脱炭、脱りんあるいはその両方の精錬を行う。精錬完了後において、転炉内には精錬を終わった溶鉄(溶鋼)とともに、溶融スラグが形成され、溶融スラグは溶鉄の上部に浮上している。精錬は酸化精錬であり、溶融スラグは酸化性の高い(酸化鉄を多く含有する)スラグである。また脱りん精錬を行う場合は、脱りん精錬の結果として溶融スラグ中のリン含有量が高くなっている。 In converter refining, molten iron or pre-treated molten iron is charged into the converter, and oxygen gas is supplied by using top blowing lance or bottom blowing to supply oxygen gas for decarburization and dephosphorization. Or refine both of them. After the refining is completed, molten slag is formed in the converter together with the molten iron (molten steel) that has been refined, and the molten slag floats above the molten iron. Refining is oxidative refining, and molten slag is highly oxidizable (rich in iron oxide). When performing dephosphorization refining, the phosphorus content in the molten slag is high as a result of dephosphorization refining.

転炉の側面には出湯孔が設けられている。主に精錬が完了した溶鋼を払い出すためのものであり、通常は出鋼孔と呼ばれる。精錬完了後、転炉を傾動することにより、出湯孔を経由して溶鉄を下方の取鍋へと払い出す(以下「出湯」という。)。通常は出鋼と呼ばれる。出湯の末期、転炉内の溶鉄が少なくなってくると、溶鉄層の上に形成された溶融スラグが溶鉄に巻き込まれ、溶鉄とともに取鍋内に排出される。上述のように、転炉内の溶融スラグは酸化性が高く、かつ有害不純物であるりんを高い濃度で含有している。従って、取鍋内に溶融スラグが大量に流出すると、スラグの酸化性が高いために鋼の清浄度が損なわれ、またスラグ中のりんが溶鉄に戻る、いわゆる復りん現象が起こるため、好ましくない。 A tap hole is provided on the side surface of the converter. It is mainly used for discharging molten steel that has been completely refined, and is usually called a tapped hole. After the smelting is completed, the molten iron is discharged to the lower ladle via the tap hole by tilting the converter (hereinafter referred to as "putting water"). Usually called Idemitsu. At the end of tapping, when the molten iron in the converter decreases, the molten slag formed on the molten iron layer is caught in the molten iron and discharged together with the molten iron into the ladle. As described above, the molten slag in the converter has high oxidizability and contains phosphorus, which is a harmful impurity, in a high concentration. Therefore, when a large amount of molten slag flows out into the ladle, the cleanliness of the steel is impaired due to the high oxidizing property of the slag, and the phosphorus in the slag returns to the molten iron, a so-called rephosphorization phenomenon occurs, which is not preferable. ..

転炉からの出湯時にスラグ流出を防止するための代表的な技術として、スラグカットボールが用いられている。スラグカットボールは、直径が出湯孔よりも大きく、スラグと溶鉄の中間比重を持ち、出湯時に溶鉄が出終わり溶融スラグが出始める時期に該スラグカットボールで出湯孔に栓をするものである(非特許文献1参照)。特許文献1に記載のように、この目的を達成するには、ボールの投入位置をほぼ出湯孔の直上とし、かつ出湯末期に投入することが必要とされている。 Slag cut balls are used as a typical technique for preventing slag from flowing out when tapping hot water from a converter. The slag cut ball has a diameter larger than that of the tap hole, has an intermediate specific gravity of slag and molten iron, and plugs the tap hole with the slag cut ball at the time when molten iron comes out and molten slag begins to come out when tapping ( Non-Patent Document 1). As described in Patent Document 1, in order to achieve this object, it is necessary that the throwing-in position of the ball is almost directly above the tapping hole and that the ball is thrown in at the final stage of tapping.

上記スラグカットボールを用いる場合、転炉内の溶湯表面でボールが浮遊する位置が一定でないため、出湯孔の閉止が不安定であるという問題があった。この問題を解決するため、スラグダーツが提案されている。スラグダーツは、特許文献2に記載のように、頭部とこれに連接される足部とを有する。出鋼中、足部が溶鋼の流れを受けて、スラグダーツ全体が転炉の出鋼口に引き寄せられ、出鋼口の上方に待機した状態になる。こうして、安定して出鋼口の閉止ができるようになった。スラグダーツの使用に際しては、特許文献2に記載のように、転炉からの出鋼末期にスラグ保持閉止具(スラグダーツ)を転炉内に投入する。 When the slag cut balls are used, there is a problem in that closing of the tap hole is unstable because the position where the balls float on the surface of the molten metal in the converter is not constant. Slag darts have been proposed to solve this problem. As described in Patent Document 2, the slug darts have a head portion and a foot portion connected to the head portion. During tapping, the foot receives the flow of molten steel, and the entire slag dart is drawn to the tapping port of the converter and stands by above the tapping port. In this way, it became possible to stably close the tap hole. When using the slag darts, as described in Patent Document 2, a slag holding and closing tool (slag darts) is put into the converter at the end of tapping from the converter.

特許文献3には、支部と、この支部の下方に延出した芯金の途中に取り付けた中位ストッパー部と、この中位ストッパーの下方に出鋼孔長さより十分長い距離を隔てて芯金に取り付けた出鋼孔脱落防止部とを有し、中位ストッパー部及び出鋼孔脱落防止部とこれらを繋ぐ芯金とを耐火物で被覆したスラグカット用ストッパーを転炉の出鋼孔に転炉内面側から挿入し、出鋼末期、溶鋼の比重より軽くスラグの比重より重くなるように調整した中位ストッパーが溶鋼量の減少に伴い下降して出鋼孔を閉塞することを利用して、スラグの流出を防止する方法が開示されている。スラグカット用ストッパーは、転炉へ溶銑を注入する前に出鋼孔へ装着する。 In Patent Document 3, a supporting portion, a middle stopper portion attached to a middle portion of a core bar extending below the supporting portion, and a core metal under the middle stopper with a distance sufficiently longer than a tapped hole length. The stopper for slag cutting, which has a tapped hole removal prevention part attached to the center, and the middle stopper part, the tapped hole removal prevention part, and the core metal that connects these with a refractory material is installed in the tapped hole of the converter. It is inserted from the inner surface side of the converter, and at the end of tapping, it is adjusted so that it is lighter than the specific gravity of molten steel and heavier than the specific gravity of slag. Therefore, a method for preventing the outflow of slag is disclosed. The slag cutting stopper is installed in the tap hole before pouring the hot metal into the converter.

特許文献4には、溶鋼上のスラグにプラスチックを添加してプラスチックをスラグの有する熱によって分解させ、プラスチック分解時の吸熱反応を利用してスラグを冷却し、スラグを固化させる或いはスラグの流出が妨げられるようにスラグの粘性を高める、スラグの流出防止方法が開示されている。 In Patent Document 4, plastic is added to the slag on the molten steel to decompose the plastic by the heat of the slag, and the slag is cooled by utilizing the endothermic reaction at the time of the plastic decomposition to solidify the slag or the outflow of the slag. A slag outflow prevention method is disclosed that increases the viscosity of the slag so that it is hindered.

特許文献5には、ストッパーボール(スラグカットボール)を、投入シュートを用いて炉内に投入するための、溶融金属処理時の滓流出防止用閉塞材投入装置が開示されている。 Patent Document 5 discloses an occluding material introduction device for preventing slag outflow at the time of molten metal processing, for introducing a stopper ball (slag cut ball) into a furnace by using a charging chute.

スラグカットボール、スラグダーツ、スラグカット用ストッパーを用いない場合、及び特許文献4のプラスチックを添加する場合において、出湯末期、出湯孔からの流出が溶鉄から溶融スラグに変化したのを目視で確認し、直ちに転炉を傾転して元の直立位置に戻すことにより、スラグの流出を停止している。 When the slag cut balls, slag darts, and stopper for slag cutting are not used, and when the plastic of Patent Document 4 is added, it is visually confirmed at the end of tapping, that the outflow from the tap hole has changed from molten iron to molten slag. Immediately tilting the converter to return it to its original upright position stops slag outflow.

実公平2−48416号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-48416 特開2000−160225号公報JP, 2000-160225, A 特開平11−241116号公報JP, 11-241116, A 特開2006−152370号公報JP, 2006-152370, A 特公昭52−32604号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-32604

第3版鉄鋼便覧 II 製銑・製鋼 第478−479頁3rd Edition Iron and Steel Handbook II Ironmaking and Steelmaking pp. 478-479

転炉内スラグの流出防止方法として従来から用いられている、スラグカットボールやスラグダーツを含めて、出湯中に転炉内に投入し、溶湯に浮遊し、出湯末期にスラグ流出を防止する係止具を、以下総称して「スラグカット栓」と呼ぶ。出鋼末期にスラグカット栓を転炉内に投入することにより、スラグカット栓を用いずに転炉の傾転でスラグの流出を防止する場合に比較し、取鍋内に流出するスラグの流出を低減することは可能である。しかし、取鍋へのスラグ流出量の低減は決して十分なものではなかった。また、スラグカット栓を出湯孔の直上に投入しても、投入後にスラグカット栓が浮遊して出湯孔の直上位置からずれてしまい、出湯終了時に出湯孔を閉止できない場合があった。 Including slag cut balls and slag darts, which have been conventionally used as a method for preventing slag from flowing out of the converter, the slag is introduced into the converter during tapping and floats in the molten metal to prevent slag outflow at the end of tapping. The stoppers will be collectively referred to as “slag cut stoppers” hereinafter. The slag outflow into the ladle compared to the case where the slag cut plug is put into the converter at the end of tapping to prevent the slag from flowing out by tilting the converter without using the slag cut plug. Can be reduced. However, the reduction of slag outflow to the ladle was by no means sufficient. In addition, even if the slag cut plug is thrown right above the tap hole, the slag cut plug may float after the throw and may be displaced from the position immediately above the tap hole, and the tap hole may not be closed at the end of tapping.

特許文献3に記載のスラグカット用ストッパーは、複雑な形状をしており高価であり、溶鉄装入前の転炉出湯孔に装着することは容易ではない。また特許文献4に記載された、溶鋼上のスラグにプラスチックを添加する方法では、冷却されるのがスラグの表層のみであるため溶鋼とスラグ界面近傍のスラグ流出を抑制する効果は小さく、また、プラスチックの熱分解により発生するガスが傾動中の炉口から噴出するため、作業環境を悪化させる課題があった。 The stopper for slag cutting described in Patent Document 3 has a complicated shape and is expensive, and it is not easy to install it in the converter tap hole before charging molten iron. Further, in the method described in Patent Document 4 in which the plastic is added to the slag on the molten steel, only the surface layer of the slag is cooled, so the effect of suppressing the outflow of slag in the vicinity of the molten steel and the slag interface is small, and Since the gas generated by the thermal decomposition of plastic is ejected from the tilting furnace opening, there is a problem that the working environment is deteriorated.

本発明は、スラグカット栓を用いた転炉内スラグの流出防止方法において、取鍋へのスラグ流出量を十分に低減することができ、かつ出湯終了時に出湯孔を確実に閉止することのできる、転炉内スラグの流出防止方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention is a method for preventing outflow of slag in a converter using a slag cut plug, which can sufficiently reduce the outflow amount of slag to a ladle, and can reliably close a tap hole at the end of tapping. , It is intended to provide a method for preventing outflow of slag in a converter.

即ち、本発明の要旨とするところは以下のとおりである。
[1]転炉の出湯孔から溶鉄を取り出す際に、スラグカット栓を用いて転炉内スラグの流出を防止する方法であって、
予め、出湯流にスラグの混在が確認されるまでの、出湯開始からの時間を計測してX(秒)とし、
出湯流が旋回を開始して以降、かつ、出湯開始から前記X(秒)が経過する前に、スラグカット栓を前記出湯孔の直上に投入することを特徴とする転炉内スラグの流出防止方法。
[2]転炉の出湯孔から溶鉄を取り出す際に、スラグカット栓を用いて転炉内スラグの流出を防止する方法であって、
予め、出湯流にスラグの混在が確認されるまでの、出湯開始からの時間を計測してX(秒)とするとともに、出湯流が旋回を開始するまでの、出湯開始からの時間を計測してY(秒)とし、
出湯開始から前記Y(秒)以降、かつ、出湯開始から前記X(秒)が経過する前に、スラグカット栓を前記出湯孔の直上に投入することを特徴とする転炉内スラグの流出防止方法。
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1] A method for preventing outflow of slag in a converter by using a slag cut plug when extracting molten iron from a tap hole of the converter,
In advance, measure the time from the start of hot water until it is confirmed that slag is mixed in the hot water flow, and set it as X (seconds),
Preventing outflow of slag in a converter characterized by inserting a slag cut plug directly above the tap hole after the tapping flow starts swirling and before X (seconds) has elapsed from the start of tapping Method.
[2] A method for preventing outflow of slag in a converter by using a slag cut plug when extracting molten iron from a tap hole of the converter,
In advance, measure the time from the start of the hot water until it is confirmed that the slag is mixed in the hot water flow, and set it to X (seconds). Also, measure the time from the start of the hot water until the hot water flow starts to swirl. Y (seconds)
Prevention of outflow of slag in a converter characterized by inserting a slag cut plug directly above the tap hole after Y (seconds) from the start of tapping and before X (seconds) from the start of tapping Method.

本発明は、転炉の出湯孔から溶鉄を取り出す際に、スラグカット栓を用いて転炉内スラグの流出を防止する方法において、出湯流が旋回を開始して以降、かつ、出湯流にスラグの混在が確認される以前において、スラグカット栓を前記出湯孔の直上に投入することにより、転炉から取鍋へのスラグの流出量を大幅に抑制し、かつ、出湯終了時に確実に出湯孔をスラグカット栓で閉止することができる。 The present invention, in the method of preventing the outflow of slag in the converter by using a slag cut plug when extracting molten iron from the tap hole of the converter, since the swirling start of the tap stream, and the slag in the tap stream Before the mixture was confirmed to exist, the slag cut plug was placed directly above the tap hole to significantly suppress the outflow of slag from the converter to the ladle, and to ensure the tap hole at the end of tapping. Can be closed with a slag cut plug.

出湯中の状況と期間の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the situation and period during tapping.

以下、転炉を用いて溶鋼を精錬し、出鋼孔から溶鋼を出鋼する場合を例にとって説明を行う。転炉で脱りん精錬を行って溶鉄を形成し、出湯孔から当該溶鉄を出湯する場合についても同様に適用することができる。 Hereinafter, the case where the molten steel is refined using a converter and the molten steel is tapped from the tapping hole will be described as an example. The same applies to the case where molten iron is formed by dephosphorization refining in a converter and the molten iron is discharged from the tap hole.

転炉出鋼時に、出鋼開始後の時間の経過とともに、転炉内の浴の深さは低減し、深さが浅くなるにつれて出鋼孔の直上には溶鋼−溶融スラグ界面の窪みが発生する。窪みの深さが深くなるにつれ、溶鋼上に浮いているスラグが出鋼流に巻き込まれて出鋼孔から流出することにより、取鍋へのスラグ流出が進行すると考えられる。さらに出鋼完了の末期には、溶鋼の流出が完了する直前から、スラグの流出が著しく起こることが知られている。スラグカット栓は、比重を溶鋼とスラグの中間に調整した耐火物製の物体(スラグカットボールは球体)であり、転炉内に投入すると、溶鋼−スラグ界面に留まる。スラグカット栓は、出鋼中においてもスラグが出鋼孔から流出する現象を抑止するとともに、出鋼完了時に出鋼孔を塞ぎ、出鋼末期のスラグ流出を抑制する。 At the time of tapping the converter, the depth of the bath in the converter decreases with the lapse of time after tapping, and as the depth becomes shallower, a dent at the molten steel-molten slag interface occurs immediately above the tapped hole. To do. It is considered that as the depth of the dent becomes deeper, the slag floating on the molten steel is caught in the tapping flow and flows out from the tapping hole, so that the slag flows out to the ladle. Further, it is known that in the final stage of the completion of tapping, the slag outflow occurs remarkably immediately before the outflow of molten steel is completed. The slag cut plug is a refractory object (specifically, slag cut balls are spheres) whose specific gravity is adjusted to be between that of molten steel and slag, and when the slag cut plug is put into a converter, it stays at the molten steel-slag interface. The slag cut plug suppresses the phenomenon that the slag flows out of the tapping hole even during tapping, and closes the tapping hole when tapping is completed, and suppresses the slag outflow at the end of tapping.

しかしながら、スラグカット栓使用時の課題は、スラグカットの成功率(出鋼終了時にスラグカット栓が出鋼孔を閉止する成功率)が低く、スラグカットが成功したとしても取鍋へのスラグ流出量が多いことであった。 However, the problem when using slag cut plugs is that the success rate of slag cutting (success rate that the slag cut plug closes the tap hole at the end of tapping) is low, and even if the slag cut succeeds, slag outflow to the ladle will occur. It was a lot.

そこで、本発明者らは転炉出鋼現象を模擬する水モデル実験を行った。アクリル製の透明容器を準備し、容器の中心底部に排水ノズルを接続する。容器内に水を収容し、水面にトレーサー(樹脂粒)を浮かべる。排水の途中で排水ノズルの直上にボール(スチロール製)を投入する。そして、排水の進行によって容器内の水の深さが低減するに応じて、排水粒の挙動と、水面に浮かべたトレーサー(樹脂粒)流出の挙動を観察した。 Therefore, the present inventors conducted a water model experiment that simulated the converter tapping phenomenon. Prepare a transparent acrylic container and connect a drain nozzle to the center bottom of the container. Store water in a container and float a tracer (resin grain) on the water surface. Insert a ball (made of styrene) directly above the drain nozzle during drainage. Then, the behavior of the drainage particles and the behavior of the tracer (resin particles) floating on the water surface were observed as the depth of the water in the container decreased as the drainage proceeded.

その結果、以下のことがわかった。
ボールを投入せずに排水流を観察すると、水面の低下とともに、まず排水口直上の水面に窪みが生じ、さらに水面が低下すると窪みの深さは深くなり、やがて窪みの底部は排水ノズルの高さに到達し、その時点以降、排水ノズルからのトレーサーの流出が開始した。窪みが生じ始めてから窪み深さが排水ノズルの高さに到達するまでの途中において、排水ノズル付近の排水流に旋回流が観察される。容器内の液深さが浅くなると、旋回流の有無にかかわらず、排水ノズルへの吸引流に起因して、排水ノズル直上の水面に窪みが発生する。旋回流が形成されると、旋回流による遠心力も加味されて、窪みはさらに深くなるものと推定される。
As a result, the following was found.
When observing the drainage flow without throwing a ball, the water level drops first, and then a dent appears in the water surface immediately above the drainage port. After that point, tracer outflow from the drain nozzle started after that point. A swirl flow is observed in the drainage flow near the drainage nozzle during the period from the beginning of the formation of the depression until the depth of the depression reaches the height of the drainage nozzle. When the liquid depth in the container becomes shallow, a dent is generated on the water surface directly above the drain nozzle due to the suction flow to the drain nozzle regardless of the presence or absence of the swirling flow. When the swirling flow is formed, the centrifugal force due to the swirling flow is also added, and it is estimated that the depression becomes deeper.

次に、排水の途中でボールを投入し、排水流の観察を行った。排水口直上に窪みが発生する前にボールを投入すると、ボールはノズル軸外を漂ってしまい、流出抑制に寄与しなかった。一方、窪みがある程度の深さになった以降であって、排水ノズル付近に旋回流が観察された以降(窪み底部がノズル高さに到達する前)にボールを投入すると、ボールが回転しながら窪み内に留まり、排水へのトレーサー流出が低減し、最終的にボールが確実に排水ノズルに嵌り、流出抑制に寄与した。一方、窪みの最深部が排水ノズルの高さに到達した後にボールを投入すると、トレーサーの流出は既に始まってしまった。したがって、ボールの投入タイミングを、排水ノズル付近に旋回流が発生してから窪みの最深部が排水ノズルに到達するまでに制御することが、スラグカットの成功率を高めるポイントであることを見出した。 Next, a ball was thrown in the middle of drainage and the drainage flow was observed. When the ball was thrown in before the depression was formed right above the drainage port, the ball drifted outside the nozzle axis and did not contribute to the outflow suppression. On the other hand, when the ball is thrown in after the depression has reached a certain depth and after the swirling flow is observed near the drain nozzle (before the bottom of the depression reaches the nozzle height), the ball will rotate. It stayed in the dent, the tracer outflow to the drainage was reduced, and finally the ball surely fitted into the drainage nozzle, which contributed to the outflow suppression. On the other hand, when the ball was thrown in after the deepest part of the depression reached the height of the drainage nozzle, the outflow of the tracer had already started. Therefore, it has been found that controlling the ball throwing timing from the time when the swirling flow occurs near the drain nozzle to the time when the deepest part of the depression reaches the drain nozzle is the point to increase the success rate of slag cutting. ..

次に、実際の転炉からの溶鋼の出鋼時に、現象の観察を行った。転炉の炉容は100トン転炉であり、出鋼孔の直径は125mmである。 Next, when the molten steel was tapped from the actual converter, the phenomenon was observed. The furnace volume of the converter is a 100 ton converter, and the diameter of the tapping hole is 125 mm.

出鋼中に転炉内の溶湯表面を観察すると、当然ながら溶融スラグの表面のみが観察され、溶鋼とスラグの界面の状況を観察することはできない。そして、溶融スラグ表面の観察からは、溶鋼−スラグ界面における窪みの発生も、溶鋼中の旋回流も観察することはできない。 Observing the surface of the molten metal in the converter during tapping, naturally, only the surface of the molten slag is observed, and the condition of the interface between the molten steel and the slag cannot be observed. From the observation of the molten slag surface, neither the occurrence of depressions at the molten steel-slag interface nor the swirling flow in the molten steel can be observed.

そこで、出鋼孔から取鍋への出鋼流を観察した。出鋼開始時には、出鋼流の旋回も出鋼流中のスラグ混在も観察されない。出鋼開始からの時間が経過すると、出鋼流が旋回し始め、旋回しつつ流下する現象が観察され、以降、旋回流が継続した。出鋼流の旋回周期は1秒程度であった。さらに、旋回流発生から時間が経過すると、出鋼流中にスラグが混在する現象が観察され、以降、出鋼末期に出鋼流から大量にスラグが流出するまで、出鋼流中のスラグ混在は継続した。 Therefore, the steel flow from the steel tap hole to the ladle was observed. At the start of tapping, neither swirling of tapping flow nor mixing of slag in tapping flow is observed. After a lapse of time from the start of tapping, it was observed that the tapping flow started to swirl and flowed down while swirling, and thereafter, the swirling flow continued. The swirling cycle of the tapping flow was about 1 second. Furthermore, when a lapse of time has passed since the swirling flow occurred, a phenomenon was observed in which slag was mixed in the tapping flow, and thereafter, until a large amount of slag flowed out from the tapping flow at the end of tapping, slag mixing in the tapping flow Continued.

前記水モデル実験での観察結果と、上記転炉からの出鋼流の観察結果との対比によると、出鋼流に旋回流が観察された以降にスラグカット栓を投入すれば、スラグカット栓を出鋼孔直上に留まらせることができ、かつ出鋼流にスラグの混在が発生する前にスラグカット栓を投入すれば、出鋼流とともに流出するスラグの流出を大幅に防止できるのではないかと着想した。 According to the comparison between the observation result in the water model experiment and the observation result of the steel outgoing flow from the converter, if the slag cut stopper is added after the swirling flow is observed in the steel outgoing flow, the slag cut stopper Can be kept right above the tapping hole, and if the slag cut plug is put in before the slag is mixed in the tapping flow, the outflow of slag that flows out together with the tapping flow cannot be significantly prevented. I thought about it.

出鋼流にスラグの混在が発生する前にスラグカット栓を投入するためには、スラグの混在が発生する時期を予め知っておく必要がある。そこで、合計100ヒートにわたって出鋼流を観察した結果、出鋼開始からスラグの混在が開始するまでの所要時間は、再現性良くほぼ同一時間であることが確認できた。そこで、予め出鋼開始からスラグの混在が開始するまでの所要時間を計測してその平均値を「X秒」とする。 In order to put the slag cut plug before the slag is mixed in the tapping flow, it is necessary to know in advance the time when the slag is mixed. Therefore, as a result of observing the tapping flow over a total of 100 heats, it was confirmed that the time required from the tapping start to the start of slag mixing was almost the same time with good reproducibility. Therefore, the time required from the start of tapping to the start of mixing of slag is measured in advance, and the average value is set to “X seconds”.

次に、スラグカット栓としてスラグカットボールを準備し、出鋼中においてスラグカット栓を溶融物表面に投入する時期を種々変更し、スラグカット効果の比較を行った。 Next, slag-cut balls were prepared as slag-cut plugs, and the timing of introducing the slag-cut plugs onto the melt surface during tapping was changed variously to compare the slag-cut effects.

スラグカットボールとして、主要組成が、質量%で、Cr23:40%、Fe23:25%、MgO:10%、SiO2:10%、Al23:10%、残部:不純物である耐火物を用い、内部に鉄芯を装着し、直径220mm、重量26kgのスラグカットボールを用いた。スラグカットボールの比重は4.67であり、溶鋼とスラグそれぞれの比重の中間の比重を有している。出鋼開始前に、スラグカットボールの投入シュートを転炉の炉口から炉内に装入する。出鋼中の所定のタイミングで、上記のスラグカットボールを、出鋼孔の直上付近に存在する、液相状態の溶融スラグに向けてシュートから転がして投入した。スラグカットボールの投下開始指令から、スラグカットボールがシュートを転がって溶融物表面に到着(投入)するまでに所要時間(T秒)を必要とする。以下、投下開始指令発出時を「投下」と呼び、実際にスラグカットボールが溶融物に到着する時点を「投入」と呼ぶ。 As slag cut ball, the main composition, in mass%, Cr 2 O 3: 40 %, Fe 2 O 3: 25%, MgO: 10%, SiO 2: 10%, Al 2 O 3: 10%, the balance: A refractory which is an impurity was used, an iron core was mounted inside, and a slag cut ball having a diameter of 220 mm and a weight of 26 kg was used. The specific gravity of the slag cut balls is 4.67, which has an intermediate specific gravity between the molten steel and the slag. Before starting tapping, a charging chute for slag cut balls is charged into the furnace from the furnace opening of the converter. At a predetermined timing during tapping, the above-mentioned slag-cut balls were rolled from a chute toward the molten slag in the liquid phase state, which was present immediately above the tapped hole, and was charged. It takes a required time (T seconds) from the command to start dropping the slag-cut ball to the time when the slag-cut ball rolls on the chute and reaches (injects) the melt surface. Hereinafter, the time when the drop start command is issued is called “drop”, and the time when the slag cut ball actually reaches the melt is called “drop”.

使用回数が1500回以上である転炉で、溶銑100tonを脱炭吹錬した。吹錬終了後の溶融スラグは、塩基度(CaO/SiO2)が3.5であり、その容量は、71kg/溶鋼tonであり、溶鋼の温度は、1650℃であった。吹錬終了後、炉体を傾動して出鋼を開始する。出鋼開始から出鋼終了までの所要時間(出鋼時間)は120秒であった。スラグカットボールの投下(投下指令発出)時刻から投入(転炉内の溶融物に到着)時刻までの期間(T秒)は2秒であった。 100 ton of hot metal was decarburized and blown in a converter having been used 1500 times or more. The molten slag after completion of the blowing had a basicity (CaO/SiO 2 ) of 3.5, a capacity of 71 kg/molten steel ton, and a molten steel temperature of 1650°C. After the completion of blowing, the furnace body is tilted to start tapping. The time required from the start of tapping to the end of tapping (steering time) was 120 seconds. The period (T seconds) from the time of dropping the slag cut ball (issuing the dropping command) to the time of throwing in (arriving at the melt in the converter) was 2 seconds.

予め、出鋼開始から出鋼流へのスラグ混在開始までの時間(X秒)を計測した。出鋼流へのスラグの混在は、溶鋼とスラグでは出鋼流表面の輝度が異なることから、出鋼流外観をビデオカメラを用いて撮像し、画像解析で観察して判別を行った。その結果、X=18秒であった。出鋼流の観察は、遮光めがねを通じて目視で観察することもできる。 The time (X seconds) from the start of tapping to the start of mixed slag in the tapping flow was measured in advance. Mixing of slag in the tapping flow was determined by observing the appearance of the tapping flow with a video camera and observing it by image analysis because the brightness of the tapping flow surface differs between molten steel and slag. As a result, X=18 seconds. The tapped steel flow can be observed visually through light-shielding glasses.

出鋼中に出鋼流を遮光めがねを通じて目視で観察し、出鋼流の旋回開始時期を特定した。図1に、出鋼中の状況と期間の模式図を示す。出鋼開始から出鋼流の旋回開始までの期間を「期間A」、出鋼流の旋回開始からX秒までを「期間B」、X秒から出鋼終了までを「期間C」とした。出鋼開始から出鋼流の旋回開始までの所要時間は、概ね5秒程度であった。 During tapping, the tapping flow was visually observed through light-shielding glasses, and the turning start time of the tapping flow was specified. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the situation and period during tapping. The period from the start of tapping to the start of turning of the tapping flow is referred to as "period A", from the start of turning of the tapping flow to X seconds is referred to as "period B", and from X seconds to the end of tapping is referred to as "period C". The time required from the start of tapping to the start of turning of the tapping flow was about 5 seconds.

そして、スラグカットボールの投入を、上記期間A、期間B、期間Cのいずれかとしたときの、取鍋へのスラグ流出量の比較を行った。溶融スラグの流出量を以下の方法により算出した。すなわち、出鋼が完了した取鍋内の溶融物表面に鉄の棒を挿入し、回収した鉄の棒に付着したスラグ層の厚さを測定し、取鍋の断面積とスラグの密度を乗じて、溶融スラグの流出量を算出した。さらに、算出した流出量を溶鋼量で割って、溶鋼1ton当たりの溶融スラグ流出量を求めた。さらに、それぞれの期間について100回試験を行い、各期間における溶融スラグの流出量の平均値を求めた。 Then, the amount of outflow of slag into the ladle was compared when the slag cut ball was charged in any one of the period A, the period B, and the period C. The outflow amount of molten slag was calculated by the following method. That is, insert an iron rod on the surface of the melt in the ladle where the tapping is completed, measure the thickness of the slag layer adhering to the recovered iron rod, and multiply by the cross-sectional area of the ladle and the slag density. Then, the outflow amount of the molten slag was calculated. Further, the calculated outflow amount was divided by the molten steel amount to obtain the molten slag outflow amount per ton of molten steel. Further, the test was conducted 100 times for each period, and the average value of the outflow amount of the molten slag in each period was obtained.

得られた溶融スラグ流出量を表1に示す。 The amount of molten slag thus obtained is shown in Table 1.

Figure 2020111772
Figure 2020111772

比較例1は期間Aで投入した場合(出鋼開始と同時にボール投下指示を発出し、出鋼開始から2秒でボール投入)であり、投入したボールが出鋼孔軸上および渦の外に漂ってしまい、スラグ流出抑制に寄与しない場合が多く、この場合は取鍋へのスラグ大量流出をもって出鋼終了と目視判断し、転炉を傾転して出鋼を終了した。そのため、6.0kg/tの多量のスラグが流出した。
実施例1は期間Bで投入した場合(出鋼流の旋回開始から1秒後にボール投下指示を発出し、出鋼開始から8秒程度でボール投入)であり、投入したボールが出鋼孔直上で回転しながら出鋼孔軸上にとどまり、出鋼中の期間Cにおいても出鋼流へのスラグの混入を最低限に防止し、さらに出鋼終了時には出鋼孔を閉止することができたので、3.0kg/tと少量のスラグ流出量に抑制できた。
比較例2は期間Cで投入した場合(出鋼開始から50秒でボール投入)であり、出鋼終了時の出鋼孔閉止はなされたものの、ボール投入前に既にスラグ流出が始まっているため、スラグ流出量が期間Bよりも多い4.5kg/tとなった。
したがって、最もスラグ流出量を抑制できる投入タイミングは実施例1の期間Bであった。
Comparative Example 1 is a case in which the ball is thrown in during the period A (a ball dropping instruction is issued at the same time as the start of tapping, and the ball is thrown in 2 seconds from the start of tapping). In many cases, it drifted and did not contribute to the suppression of slag outflow. In this case, a large amount of slag outflow to the ladle was visually judged to be the end of tapping, and the converter was tilted to end tapping. Therefore, a large amount of slag of 6.0 kg/t flowed out.
In Example 1, the ball was thrown in during the period B (a ball dropping instruction was issued 1 second after the turning of the tapping flow was started, and the ball was thrown in about 8 seconds after the tapping started). It was possible to stay on the tapping hole axis while rotating at, and to prevent the mixing of slag into the tapping flow to a minimum even during the period C during tapping, and further to close the tapping hole at the end of tapping. Therefore, the slag outflow amount as small as 3.0 kg/t could be suppressed.
Comparative Example 2 is a case of charging in the period C (ball charging in 50 seconds from the start of tapping), and although tapping holes were closed at the end of tapping, the slag outflow had already started before the balls were cast. The slag outflow amount was 4.5 kg/t, which was higher than that in the period B.
Therefore, the injection timing capable of suppressing the slag outflow amount was the period B of the first embodiment.

以上の結果に基づき、本発明は、転炉の出湯孔から溶鉄を取り出す際に、スラグカット栓を用いて転炉内スラグの流出を防止する方法であって、予め、出湯流にスラグの混在が確認されるまでの、出湯開始からの時間を計測してX(秒)とし、出湯流が旋回を開始して以降、かつ、出湯開始から前記X(秒)が経過する前に、スラグカット栓を前記出湯孔の直上に投入することを特徴とする転炉内スラグの流出防止方法である。 Based on the above results, the present invention is a method for preventing the outflow of slag in the converter by using a slag cut plug when extracting molten iron from the tap hole of the converter, in which slag is mixed in the tap water flow in advance. The time from the start of hot water until it is confirmed is measured as X (seconds), and after the hot water flow starts to swirl, and before the above X (seconds) has elapsed from the start of hot water, slag cut A method for preventing outflow of slag in a converter is characterized in that a plug is placed directly above the tap hole.

転炉内スラグの流出防止のために、スラグカット栓としてスラグカットボールやスラグダーツを用いる場合、従来は前述のように、出鋼末期にスラグカット栓を転炉内に投入していた。しかし、以上詳細に説明したように、出鋼所要時間が120秒程度である場合において、出鋼開始から18秒にはすでに出鋼流中にスラグの混入が始まっていることが、本発明者らの検討によって明らかになった。従って、スラグカット栓の投入時期は、出鋼末期では遅すぎ、スラグカット栓の投入までに取鍋へのスラグ流入が進んでしまっている。本発明のように、予め出鋼流を観察して、出鋼開始から出鋼流へのスラグ混入開始までの時間(X秒)を計測し、X秒以前にスラグカット栓を投入することによってはじめて、取鍋へのスラグの流入を大幅に抑制することが可能となる。 When a slag cut ball or a slag dart is used as a slag cut plug to prevent outflow of slag in the converter, conventionally, the slag cut plug was put into the converter at the end of tapping as described above. However, as described in detail above, when the tapping time is about 120 seconds, the inventor of the present invention has found that the slag is already mixed into the tapping flow 18 seconds after the tapping starts. It became clear by the examination of them. Therefore, the timing of introducing the slag cut plug is too late at the end of tapping, and the slag inflow into the ladle is advanced by the time the slag cut plug is added. As in the present invention, by observing the tapping flow in advance, measuring the time (X seconds) from the start of tapping to the start of mixing slag into the tapping flow, and by inserting the slag cut plug before X seconds. For the first time, it becomes possible to significantly suppress the inflow of slag into the ladle.

また、スラグカット栓の投入が早すぎると、投入したスラグカット栓が転炉内で浮遊することによって出鋼孔の直上から外れてしまうが、出鋼流を観察し、出鋼流が旋回を開始した以降においてスラグカット栓を投入することとすれば、投入したスラグカット栓が出鋼孔の直上に保持されるため、出鋼末期において確実に出鋼孔を閉止することができる。そして、出鋼流へのスラグ混入開始時期は、出鋼流の旋回開始時期以降に到来するので、出鋼流の旋回開始から出鋼流へのスラグ混入開始までの期間に、確実にスラグカット栓を投入することが可能である。 Also, if the slag cut plug is charged too early, the charged slag cut plug will float in the converter and fall out of the area directly above the tap hole, but the tap flow is observed and swirled. If the slag cut plug is thrown in after the start, since the thrown slag cut plug is held right above the tapping hole, the tapping hole can be surely closed at the end of tapping. Since the slag mixing start time of the tapping flow comes after the swirling start time of the tapping flow, the slag cutting is surely performed during the period from the turning start of the tapping flow to the start of mixing the slag into the tapping flow. It is possible to add a stopper.

本発明において、出鋼流へのスラグ混入開始までにスラグカット栓の投入を完了しており、上記のように出鋼流へのスラグ混入開始(18秒)は出鋼時間合計(120秒)の0.15倍程度であり、即ち出鋼時間合計の1/3経過時にはスラグカット栓の投入は完了している。この点で、スラグカット栓の投入を出鋼末期としていた従来とは明らかに相違し、本発明によって取鍋へのスラグ流出防止が際立つ主要な因子となっている。 In the present invention, the introduction of the slag cut plug is completed before the start of slag mixing into the tapping flow, and the start of mixing slag into the tapping flow (18 seconds) is the total tapping time (120 seconds) as described above. 0.15 times as much, that is, the addition of the slag cut plug is completed when 1/3 of the total tapping time has elapsed. In this respect, it is clearly different from the conventional method in which the slag cut plug was introduced at the end of tapping, and the present invention is a major factor in preventing slag outflow to the ladle.

上記本発明では、対象とするヒートで出鋼流を観察し、出鋼流が旋回を開始して以降にスラグカット栓を投入するものである。本発明ではさらに、予め出湯流が旋回を開始するまでの、出湯開始からの時間を計測してY(秒)とし、出湯開始からY(秒)以降、かつ、出湯開始から前記X(秒)が経過する前に、スラグカット栓を前記出湯孔の直上に投入することとしてもよい。出鋼流の観察は、遮光めがねを通じて目視で観察することができ、あるいは、ビデオカメラを用いることもできる。 In the present invention described above, the tapped steel flow is observed with the target heat, and the slag cut plug is introduced after the tapped steel flow starts to swirl. Further, in the present invention, the time from the start of the hot water until the hot water flow starts to swirl is measured in advance as Y (seconds), Y (seconds) after the start of the hot water, and X (seconds) after the start of the hot water. Before the passage of, the slag cut plug may be placed immediately above the tap hole. The tapping flow can be observed visually through light-shielding glasses, or a video camera can be used.

本発明でスラグ流出防止のために用いるスラグカット栓としては、特許文献1、非特許文献1に記載されているような球状のスラグカットボール(スラグボール)、特許文献2に記載されているようなスラグダーツ、さらには球状のボールの円周上に円盤を設けた土星状のスラグカットボールのいずれをも用いることができる。 As a slag cut plug used for preventing slag outflow in the present invention, a spherical slag cut ball (slug ball) as described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1, and as described in Patent Document 2 Any of slag darts and Saturn-shaped slag cut balls in which a disk is provided on the circumference of a spherical ball can be used.

スラグカット栓を転炉内の出湯孔の直上に投入する方法としては、特許文献5に記載されたような投入シュートを用いる方法、スラグカット栓に設けた吊り具を用いて吊り上げて投入する方法、特許文献1に記載されたように、スラグカットボールを針金で吊って転炉内に挿入し、針金が溶断してスラグカットボールが保持具から離れる方法など、いずれの方法をも用いることができる。 As a method of charging the slag cut plug directly above the tap hole in the converter, a method of using a charging chute as described in Patent Document 5 or a method of lifting by using a lifting tool provided on the slag cut plug is used. As described in Patent Document 1, any method may be used, such as a method in which a slag cut ball is hung by wire and inserted into a converter, and the wire is melted to separate the slag cut ball from the holder. it can.

Claims (2)

転炉の出湯孔から溶鉄を取り出す際に、スラグカット栓を用いて転炉内スラグの流出を防止する方法であって、
予め、出湯流にスラグの混在が確認されるまでの、出湯開始からの時間を計測してX(秒)とし、
出湯流が旋回を開始して以降、かつ、出湯開始から前記X(秒)が経過する前に、スラグカット栓を前記出湯孔の直上に投入することを特徴とする転炉内スラグの流出防止方法。
When removing molten iron from the tap hole of the converter, a method of preventing the outflow of slag in the converter by using a slag cut plug,
In advance, measure the time from the start of hot water until it is confirmed that slag is mixed in the hot water flow, and set it as X (seconds),
Preventing outflow of slag in a converter characterized by inserting a slag cut plug directly above the tap hole after the tapping flow starts swirling and before X (seconds) has elapsed from the start of tapping Method.
転炉の出湯孔から溶鉄を取り出す際に、スラグカット栓を用いて転炉内スラグの流出を防止する方法であって、
予め、出湯流にスラグの混在が確認されるまでの、出湯開始からの時間を計測してX(秒)とするとともに、出湯流が旋回を開始するまでの、出湯開始からの時間を計測してY(秒)とし、
出湯開始から前記Y(秒)以降、かつ、出湯開始から前記X(秒)が経過する前に、スラグカット栓を前記出湯孔の直上に投入することを特徴とする転炉内スラグの流出防止方法。
When removing molten iron from the tap hole of the converter, a method of preventing the outflow of slag in the converter by using a slag cut plug,
In advance, measure the time from the start of the hot water until it is confirmed that the slag is mixed in the hot water flow, and set it to X (seconds). Also, measure the time from the start of the hot water until the hot water flow starts to swirl. Y (seconds)
Prevention of outflow of slag in a converter characterized by inserting a slag cut plug directly above the tap hole after Y (seconds) from the start of tapping and before X (seconds) from the start of tapping Method.
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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPS56105377U (en) * 1979-12-29 1981-08-17
JPH0248416Y2 (en) * 1986-05-27 1990-12-19
JPH0873918A (en) * 1994-08-30 1996-03-19 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method for controlling slag-cut in molten metal refining furnace and slag-cut device and molten metal trapping hole
JPH11209816A (en) * 1998-01-21 1999-08-03 Nippon Steel Corp Method for preventing flow-out of slag from steel tapping hole of converter
JP2000160225A (en) * 1998-11-20 2000-06-13 Fujikoo:Kk Tool for holding and closing slag
KR20030000565A (en) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-06 이승환 Materials for Slag Cutting Devices in Steelmaking Process
JP2004238698A (en) * 2003-02-07 2004-08-26 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Production method of high cleanliness steel
JP2005307344A (en) * 2004-03-24 2005-11-04 Japan Science & Technology Agency Method and apparatus for preventing occurrence of intake eddy of fluid
KR100887132B1 (en) * 2002-08-20 2009-03-04 주식회사 포스코 Method for Tapping Molten Steel in Converter
JP2018184645A (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-11-22 新日鐵住金株式会社 Slag outflow prevention apparatus

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56105377U (en) * 1979-12-29 1981-08-17
JPH0248416Y2 (en) * 1986-05-27 1990-12-19
JPH0873918A (en) * 1994-08-30 1996-03-19 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method for controlling slag-cut in molten metal refining furnace and slag-cut device and molten metal trapping hole
JPH11209816A (en) * 1998-01-21 1999-08-03 Nippon Steel Corp Method for preventing flow-out of slag from steel tapping hole of converter
JP2000160225A (en) * 1998-11-20 2000-06-13 Fujikoo:Kk Tool for holding and closing slag
KR20030000565A (en) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-06 이승환 Materials for Slag Cutting Devices in Steelmaking Process
KR100887132B1 (en) * 2002-08-20 2009-03-04 주식회사 포스코 Method for Tapping Molten Steel in Converter
JP2004238698A (en) * 2003-02-07 2004-08-26 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Production method of high cleanliness steel
JP2005307344A (en) * 2004-03-24 2005-11-04 Japan Science & Technology Agency Method and apparatus for preventing occurrence of intake eddy of fluid
JP2018184645A (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-11-22 新日鐵住金株式会社 Slag outflow prevention apparatus

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