JP2020087425A - Service provision system pseudo-compatible with electronic settlement - Google Patents

Abstract

To enable a parking lot management system that is not compatible with electronic settlement to be revised so that the system is compatible with electronic settlement while suppressing an additional burden.SOLUTION: A parking lot management system 10 comprises: a settling machine 30 which is a non-electronic settlement device enabling non-electronic settlement, including cash settlement or card settlement, by a user; and a management server 40 that can communicate with the settling machine 30. The system 10, by itself, is not compatible with electronic settlement, but executes a pseudo-electronic settlement mode in collaboration with a second parking lot management system 110. To be concrete, in the pseudo-electronic settlement mode, with a user's communication terminal 90 pretending to be a member of the second parking lot management system 110, the system 10 accesses a second management server 140 through the management server 40 or not through the management server, thereby performs electronic settlement by using a settlement server 160.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a technology for providing a user with a certain kind of service, and more particularly, a technology that enables a system that cannot support electronic payment to be modified to a system that supports electronic payment while suppressing an additional burden. It is about.

Systems that provide users with certain types of services are already in widespread use. An example of this type of service is a service of renting a rental target, which is a real estate or movable property, to a user.

Specifically, an example of a rental object as a real estate is a rental space such as a rental seat or a parking lot, and an example of a rental object as a movable property is a transportation/transportation means such as a rental bicycle or a rental car.

More specifically, the real estate to be rented is, for example, an accommodation facility in which the user can stay for a short period of time (for example, a room in a hotel, a private house temporarily rented to another person, an apartment house, etc.). Living room) or a room of a stay facility (for example, an individual house, an apartment house, etc.) in which a user can stay for a long time, a coin locker, a parking lot (for example, a parking lot having one or more vehicle compartments), an individual parking space (For example, each of a plurality of vehicle compartments in a parking lot).

Examples of rental objects as movables include land, water, or flying vehicles (for example, rental cars, rental bicycles, etc.), rental furniture, rental clothes, rental electrical products (including the voice guide device described below), and electrical products. There are detachable rental accessories (for example, batteries or chargers), rental recording media (for example, CDs) in which audiovisual contents are recorded, which can be reproduced by the user, and the like.

Here, taking a parking lot business as an example, some conventional examples of a system for providing a certain kind of service to a user will be described, particularly focusing on a payment method.

In Patent Document 1, electronic payment (also referred to as “smartphone payment”, for example, credit card payment is applicable) is supported, but cash payment or prepaid IC card payment (also simply referred to as “card payment”). ) Discloses a parking lot management system that cannot be used.

This system is a server that is installed outside the parking lot and is capable of communicating with the user's mobile terminal, and a leaving control device installed in the parking lot that communicates with the server or the user's mobile terminal. Controlled by. Throughout the present specification, the “exit restriction device” physically restricts a vehicle entering a parking lot from leaving the parking lot before the user completes the settlement, and when the user completes the settlement. , Is a device that physically permits the delivery, and is also called a delivery permission device.

Patent Document 2 discloses a parking lot management system that can support only cash payment or card payment, that is, non-electronic payment.

This system includes a settlement machine installed in a parking lot (a device that allows a user to make non-electronic payments) and an exit control device installed in the parking lot, which is controlled by the settlement machine. And a server installed outside the parking lot, which is capable of communicating with the settlement machine instead of the user's mobile terminal.

Patent Document 3 discloses a parking lot management system that is compatible with both non-electronic payment and electronic payment. This system is a ticket issuing machine installed in the parking lot that enables non-electronic payment, and a management server installed outside the parking lot, which communicates with the user's mobile terminal to allow electronic payment by the user. It is equipped with what makes it possible. In this case, the management server is managed by the same company that manages the parking lot, so that in this system, the ticket issuing machine and the management server are under the management of the same company.

Japanese Patent No. 6401849 JP, 2016-045916, A JP, 2008-173965, A

Electronic payments are becoming popular as a payment method for service charges. On the other hand, some users still demand non-electronic payment.

By the way, after constructing a system exclusively for non-electronic payment, it is not possible to at least partially modify the hardware configuration of the system to support electronic payment in order to meet the demand for electronic payment. It is possible. However, in that case, there is a possibility that the burden on the system modification will increase.

Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a technology that enables a system that cannot support electronic payment to be modified to a system that supports electronic payment while suppressing an additional burden. It was made as.

In order to solve the problem, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system which provides a certain kind of service to a user,
A non-electronic payment device that enables non-electronic payment, which is cash payment or card payment by a user,
Including a management server that can communicate with the non-electronic payment device ,
The system does not support electronic payments by itself, but in cooperation with a second system that provides users with services of the same type as the system and supports electronic payments, the pseudo electronic payment mode Run
The second system is
A second management server capable of communicating with the user's communication terminal;
A payment server that enables electronic payment by a user, and is capable of communicating with the second management server;
In the system, in the pseudo electronic payment mode, a user's communication terminal accesses the second management server via the management server or not, thereby performing electronic payment using the payment server. And then the second management server communicates with the non-electronic payment device via or without the management server, whereby the non-electronic payment device receives a payment completion signal. A payment support service providing system is provided.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for providing a user with a certain kind of service,
A non-electronic payment device that enables non-electronic payment, which is cash payment or card payment by a user,
Including a management server that can communicate with the non-electronic payment device ,
The system, by itself, executes a non-electronic payment mode that does not support electronic payment, and in the non-electronic payment mode, the user makes a non-electronic payment using the non -electronic payment device ,
The system executes a pseudo electronic payment mode in cooperation with a second system that provides a user with the same type of service as the system,
The second system is
A second management server capable of communicating with the user's communication terminal;
A payment server that enables electronic payment by a user, and is capable of communicating with the second management server;
The second system executes an electronic payment mode corresponding to electronic payment by the second system alone, provided that the user is a member of the second system, and in the electronic payment mode, The user's communication terminal communicates with the second management server, thereby performing electronic payment using the payment server, and then the second management server transmits a payment completion signal to the communication terminal,
In the system, in the pseudo electronic payment mode, the management server is in a state in which the user's communication terminal impersonates the user of the second system or actually becomes a member of the second system. Access to the second management server via or without, thereby making an electronic payment using the payment server, and then the second management server via the management server, or A pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system is provided in which the non-electronic payment apparatus communicates with the non-electronic payment apparatus without passing through, and the non-electronic payment apparatus receives the payment completion signal.

The following aspects are obtained by the present invention. Each mode is divided into items, each item is numbered, and the numbers of other items are referred to as necessary. This is to facilitate understanding of some of the technical features that can be adopted by the present invention and combinations thereof, and the technical features that can be adopted by the present invention and combinations thereof are limited to the following embodiments. Should not be interpreted as. That is, it should be construed that it is not hindered to appropriately extract and adopt the technical features described in the present specification as technical features of the present invention, which are not described in the following aspects.

Furthermore, it is not always necessary to describe each item in a format that cites the number of another item, which prevents the technical features described in each item from being separated from the technical features described in other items to be independent. It is not meant to be meant, and the technical features described in each section should be construed to be appropriately independent depending on the nature thereof.

(1) A system that provides a user with a certain type of service,
A settlement machine that enables non-electronic payment, which is cash payment or card payment by the user,
Including a management server that can communicate with the settlement machine,
The system does not support electronic payments by itself, but in cooperation with a second system that provides users with services of the same type as the system and supports electronic payments, the pseudo electronic payment mode Run
The second system is
A second management server capable of communicating with the user's communication terminal;
A payment server that enables electronic payment by a user, and is capable of communicating with the second management server;
In the system, in the pseudo electronic payment mode, the communication terminal of the user impersonates a member of the second system, and the second management server may or may not pass through the management server. To provide a pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system for making electronic payment using the payment server.

(2) A system for providing a user with a certain service,
A settlement machine that enables non-electronic payment, which is cash payment or card payment by the user,
Including a management server that can communicate with the settlement machine,
The system, by itself, executes a non-electronic payment mode that does not support electronic payment, and in the non-electronic payment mode, the user makes a non-electronic payment using the settlement machine.
The system executes a pseudo electronic payment mode in cooperation with a second system that provides a user with the same type of service as the system,
The second system is
A second management server capable of communicating with the user's communication terminal;
A payment server that enables electronic payment by a user, and is capable of communicating with the second management server;
The second system executes an electronic payment mode corresponding to electronic payment by the second system alone, provided that the user is a member of the second system, and in the electronic payment mode, The user's communication terminal communicates with the second management server, thereby performing electronic payment using the payment server, and then the second management server sends a payment completion signal to the communication terminal,
In the pseudo electronic payment mode, the system manages the second management with or without passing through the management server when the user's communication terminal impersonates a member of the second system. Accessing a server, thereby making an electronic payment using the payment server, after which the second management server communicates with the clearing machine, with or without passing through the management server, whereby The payment machine is a service provision system that supports pseudo electronic payments that receives a payment completion signal.

(3) The service includes a service for renting a space for parking a vehicle including a bicycle, an automobile or a motorcycle to a user and/or a service for renting a vehicle including a bicycle, an automobile or a motorcycle to a user (1 ) Or (2), a pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system.

(4) The service includes a service of lending a space for parking a vehicle including a bicycle, an automobile or a motorcycle to a user in a parking lot,
The system is
It is a delivery permission device that physically restricts a vehicle entering the parking lot from leaving the parking lot until the user completes the settlement, and physically permits the leaving when the user completes the settlement. , Including those controlled by the settlement machine,
When the settlement machine receives the settlement completion signal, the settlement machine transmits a leaving permission signal to the leaving permission device (3).

(5) The service lends to a user, in a parking lot, one of a plurality of vehicle compartments that is a plurality of spaces for the user to park a vehicle including a bicycle, a car, or a motorcycle, in the parking lot. Including services to
The system is
The user's communication terminal identifies the parking lot when the pseudo electronic payment mode is selected by the user on the entry stage where the vehicle enters the selected passenger compartment or the exit stage where the vehicle exits the passenger compartment. To obtain a combination of information for performing the operation and information for specifying the selected vehicle compartment, and accessing the second management server of the second system as a member of the second system for the combination. (1) to (4), including a spoofing access means for allocating a spoofing member ID for performing the spoofing and accessing the second management server via the management server with or without the spoofing member ID. A pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to any one of 1.

(6) Furthermore,
When the pseudo electronic payment mode is selected by the user, the communication terminal of the user acquires the user ID of the user or information uniquely corresponding to the user, and the user ID or the information is added to the second system. As a member of, a spoofing member ID for accessing the second management server of the second system is assigned, and the second management is performed with or without passing through the management server using the spoofing member ID. The pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to any one of (1) to (4), including a spoofing access unit for accessing a server.

(7) A program for causing a computer to function as the communication terminal according to any one of items (1) to (6).

Throughout this specification, the term "program" may be interpreted, for example, to mean a combination of instructions executed by a computer to perform its function, or not only as a combination of those instructions, but also each instruction. Can be interpreted to include, but are not limited to, files and data processed according to.

Further, this program may achieve the intended purpose by being executed by a computer by itself, or may achieve the intended purpose by being executed by a computer together with other programs. Yes, but not limited to. In the latter case, the program according to this section can be mainly composed of data, but is not limited thereto.

(8) A program for causing a computer to function as the management server according to any one of (1) to (6).

(9) A program for causing a computer to function as the settlement machine according to any one of (1) to (6).

(10) A recording medium in which the program according to any one of (7) to (9) is recorded so that it can be read by a computer.

Throughout this specification, the term "recording medium" can be construed to mean various types of recording media, such recording medium being, for example, a magnetic recording medium such as a flexible disk. It includes, but is not limited to, a medium, an optical recording medium such as a CD and a CD-ROM, a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MO, and an unremovable storage such as a ROM.

FIG. 1 illustrates a parking lot management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which cannot be used alone for electronic payment, and a second parking lot management system, which can be used alone for electronic payment. It is a perspective view which represents notionally with things. FIG. 2 is a flowchart conceptually showing operations of the transmitter, the user's mobile terminal, and the management server in the second parking lot management system shown in FIG. 1, which are carried out at the storage stage. FIG. 2 is a flowchart conceptually showing operations of the transmitter, the user's mobile terminal, and the management server in the second parking lot management system shown in FIG. 1, which are performed at the exit stage. FIG. 4 shows three examples of communication procedures for making the parking lot management system shown in FIG. 1 compatible with electronic payment by partially utilizing the second parking lot management system shown in FIG. It is a block diagram. FIG. 5 shows the operations of the settlement machine, the user's mobile terminal and the management server in the parking lot management system shown in FIG. 1, and the management server and the settlement server in the second parking lot management system, each of which is a pseudo electronic settlement at the delivery stage. 6 is a flow chart conceptually showing what is performed to execute a mode.

Hereinafter, some of more specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<Overall structure>

In FIG. 1, a pseudo electronic payment compatible parking lot management system 10 (hereinafter simply referred to as “system 10 ”) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes an electronic payment compatible second parking lot management. It is shown together with the system 110 (hereinafter, simply referred to as “system 110”). The system 10 is an example of a pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Further, the system 10 implements the parking lot management method according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the parking lot management method is an example of the pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

The system 10 alone executes a non-electronic payment mode that does not support electronic payment. In the non-electronic payment mode, the user makes a non-electronic payment using the settlement machine 30 in the system 10. One example of non-electronic payment is cash payment, and another example is prepaid IC card payment (also simply referred to as “card payment”).

Further, the system 10 executes the pseudo electronic payment mode in cooperation with the second system 110 that provides the user with the same type of service as the system. In the pseudo electronic payment mode, the user uses his/her mobile terminal (an example of the communication terminal) 90 to make an electronic payment using the management server 140 and the payment server 160 in the second system 110. Electronic payment is also called “smartphone payment”, and corresponds to credit card payment, for example.

The system 10 is a post-payment system that allows the user to leave the parking lot 20 on condition that the user pays a post-payment parking fee commensurate with the length of time the user has actually parked. However, instead of this, the system 10 allows the user to pay a prepaid parking fee of an amount commensurate with the length of the parking time (for example, planned parking time) desired by the user before the use of the parking lot 20 is started. As a condition, it is also possible to adopt a prepaid type that allows the user to use the parking lot 20.

<Configuration of system 10>

Referring to FIG. 1, the system 10 is a system for managing a parking lot 20. The parking lot 20 has a plurality of vehicle compartments 22. One vehicle is parked in each vehicle compartment 22. A leaving permission device 24 is installed for each vehicle compartment 22.

In addition to the definition of the term "vehicle", the term "vehicle" should be construed as a term including not only automobiles but also all kinds of moving bodies such as bicycles and motorcycles.

An example of the leaving permission device 24 is a vehicle presence/absence sensor (for example, a loop coil buried in the ground, a parking lot) that detects the presence of a vehicle in the corresponding vehicle interior 22 (such as the entry of the vehicle into the corresponding vehicle interior 22). 20 and a photo sensor installed so as to be exposed on the support surface of the vehicle 20), and a vehicle in the vehicle interior 22 is permitted to leave and leave the vehicle from the vehicle interior 22. And a mechanical section having a baffle (a flap, a lifting tool, a car stopper, a wheel stopper, etc.) as a movable member that switches to a warehousing permission state.

When the presence of a vehicle is detected by the vehicle presence/absence sensor, the mechanism section shifts the baffle plate, for example, by raising or inclining the baffle plate to an exit preventing state, and when the user setstles the postpaid parking fee, the baffle is disturbed. For example, the plate is lowered or leveled to shift to the leaving permission state.

In the present embodiment, the settlement machine 30 is commonly installed in the plurality of vehicle compartments 22. The checkout machine 30 communicates with the vehicle presence/absence sensor for each vehicle compartment 22, and monitors the presence/absence of a vehicle in each vehicle compartment 22 based on a signal from the vehicle presence/absence sensor. Furthermore, the settlement machine 30 is installed commonly to the plurality of leaving permission devices 24. The checkout machine 30 communicates with the above-mentioned mechanism section for each vehicle compartment 22, and switches the mechanism section between the leaving permission state and the leaving prevention state as appropriate. The settlement machine 30 may be mainly composed of a sequencer or may be mainly composed of a computer.

In another example, the leaving permission device 24 is commonly installed in the plurality of vehicle compartments 22. The exit permission device 24 has, for example, a mechanism unit that opens and closes a gate at the entrance of the parking lot 20.

It should be noted that it is not essential to install the leaving permission device 24 in the parking lot 20 in order to carry out the present invention, and the present invention is applied to the parking lot 20 that is a postpaid type but does not have the leaving permission device 24. It is possible.

The system 10 further includes a management server 40. The management server 40 is operated, for example, by a parking lot management company that manages the parking lot 20 on behalf of the owner who owns the parking lot 20.

In the non-electronic payment mode, the management server 40 has a function of performing communication (for example, wireless communication) only with the checkout machine 30 and thereby remotely monitoring the operating status of the parking lot 20 in real time. Achieve multiple functions including.

On the other hand, in the pseudo electronic payment mode, the management server 40 communicates with each of the mobile terminal 90 of the user and the management server 140 of the second system 110 (an example of the second management server) (for example, , Wireless communication), whereby the system 10 alone cannot support electronic payment, but the user legally impersonates a member of the second system 110 to legally impersonate the second system 110. Access and thereby implement multiple functions including a spoof access function that enables electronic payment.

<Configuration of mobile terminal 90>

The user's mobile terminal 90 is, for example, a device carried by the user and having a wireless communication function, such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or a PDA. The mobile terminal 90 is an example of a user's communication terminal, and the communication terminal may be one that is not carried by the user, for example, an in-vehicle communication terminal.

The mobile terminal 90 is mainly composed of a computer having a processor and a memory that stores a plurality of applications executed by the processor.

The mobile terminal 90 further includes a display unit (for example, a liquid crystal display) that displays information on a screen, a reception unit that receives a signal from an external communication device, a signal that is generated, and the signal is transmitted to the external communication. And a transmitter for transmitting to the device.

The mobile terminal 90 further has an input unit for inputting data and commands from the user. The input unit includes, for example, an operation unit that can be operated by the user to input desired information (eg, command, data, etc.) into the mobile terminal 90.

As the operation unit, a touch screen (means for enabling manual input of data) that displays some icons (for example, virtual buttons) that can be operated by the user, and a physical operation unit that can be operated by the user (For example, a keyboard, a keypad, a button, etc., that enables manual input of data), a microphone that senses voice (a means that enables voice input of data), but is not limited to these. ..

The input unit further includes an image sensor (including a digital camera) that captures an image.

The mobile terminal 90 further has a GPS (satellite positioning system) receiver. As is well known, the GPS receiver receives a plurality of GPS signals from a plurality of GPS satellites and triangulates the position (latitude, longitude and altitude) of the GPS receiver on the earth based on the GPS signals. To measure by.

<Configuration of Second System 110>

As shown in FIG. 1, the second system 110, like the system 10, is configured to manage a postpaid parking lot 120. The parking lot 120 also has a plurality of vehicle compartments 122.

In the parking lot 120, one transmitter 130 is commonly installed in a plurality of vehicle compartments 122. In another example, although not shown, a smaller number of transmitters 130 than the number of vehicle compartments 122 are installed in association with each of the plurality of vehicle compartment groups. In yet another example, although not shown, the same number of transmitters 130 as the vehicle compartments 122 are installed in each vehicle compartment 122.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, one transmitter 130 is associated with one parking lot 120, and also all vehicle compartments 122 are associated therewith. Therefore, if the transmitter 130 is specified by the mobile terminal 190 of the user, the location of the parking lot 120 associated with the transmitter 130, that is, the parking lot code (or parking lot ID) and presence of the parking lot 120 selected by the user. The location (place name, geographical location, etc.) is known, but the location of one vehicle compartment 122 selected by the user is unknown.

The mobile terminal 190 has the same configuration as the mobile terminal 90 described above. Therefore, duplicate description of the mobile terminal 190 is omitted.

In the second system 110, the user can select only the electronic payment mode, not the non-electronic payment mode.

<Structure of transmitter 130>

First, conceptually, the transmitter 130 is a contactless or contact (proximity) communication device that emits an identification signal that can identify a unique transmitter code (or transmitter ID).

The mobile terminal 190 of the user exclusively receives the identification signal from the transmitter 130 in one direction and in the short-distance wireless communication system. The distance at which the mobile terminal 190 can receive the signal from the transmitter 130, that is, the reception radius (for example, 0 m to about 50 m) is variably set by software on the mobile terminal 190. An area surrounded by a circle having the reception radius is called a receivable area or a reception area.

The transmitter 130 is usually installed immovably and fixedly in the corresponding parking lot 120, but it may be installed movably so that it can be moved at any time. Further, the transmitter 130 needs to have at least a transmission function, but may be configured to have a reception function as well, if necessary.

Next, the operation method will be described. The transmitter 130 transmits a unique identification signal actively without a trigger signal from the outside, locally, and permanently unless power supply is insufficient. To do.

The transmitter 130 is a device generally known by the names such as a beacon device that transmits a beacon signal as an identification signal and a wireless sign. In one example, the transmitter 130 modulates an original signal to generate an identification signal representing a corresponding transmitter code, and the generated identification signal is used as an IR signal, a Bluetooth (registered trademark) signal, or an NFC signal. (Near field communication) Locally transmitted as a signal.

Next, the hardware configuration will be described with reference to the drawings. The transmitter 130 is mainly composed of a computer having a processor and a memory for storing a plurality of applications executed by the processor.

<Configuration of management server 140>

The second system 110 further includes a management server 140. The management server 140 bidirectionally communicates with the user's mobile terminal 190 by a long-distance wireless communication method.

To describe the hardware configuration without referring to the drawings, the management server 140 is mainly configured by a computer having a processor and a memory that stores a plurality of applications executed by the processor.

Specifically, the management server 140 includes a reception unit that receives a signal from the mobile terminal 190, a transmission unit that generates a signal and transmits the signal to the mobile terminal 190, and a clock that measures the current time. Have. The management server 140 does not directly receive data from the transmitter 130, but actually receives it from the mobile terminal 190.

<Operation of the second system 110>

The operation of the second system 110 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

<Receiving stage>

First, referring to FIG. 2, in order to explain the operation of the second system 110 at the warehousing stage in which a vehicle unloads into one of the vehicle compartments 122, the user uses this parking lot utilization program on the mobile terminal 190. When activated, first, the mobile terminal 190 sends a login request for logging in to the management server 140, together with a member ID indicating that the user is a member who is qualified to use the second system 110, and the management server 140. Send to.

On the other hand, in step S231, the management server 140 receives the login request together with the member ID, and then in step S232, by referring to the member database in the memory of the management server 140, the current user Is a regular member.

If the user this time is an authorized member, the determination in step S232 is YES, and in step S233, a login completion signal indicating the completion of login is returned to the mobile terminal 190 of the user this time. On the other hand, if the user this time is not a regular member, the determination in step S232 is NO, the process returns to step S231, and the input of a regular member ID is waited for.

After that, the mobile terminal 190 receives the login completion signal in step S211, and executes step S212 at this timing, thereby transmitting a signal from the transmitter 130 installed in the parking lot 120 in which the user is currently present. To receive.

Then, in step S213, the mobile terminal 190 extracts the transmitter code corresponding to the transmitter 130 from the signal received from the transmitter 130 this time. Then, in step S214, the mobile terminal 190 follows the extracted call according to the relationship stored in the memory of the mobile terminal 190 that has a predetermined relationship between the transmitter code and the parking lot code. Convert the machine code into the corresponding parking code. As a result, the parking lot 120 in which the user entered this time is specified.

Subsequently, in step S215, the mobile terminal 190 displays a warehousing button on its screen in order to confirm the user's intention of warehousing. When the user touches the warehousing button, it is determined that the user has the intention of warehousing, and in step S216, the warehousing request for the user to request warehousing, the parking lot code, and the member ID are managed in association with each other. Send to server 140. After that, in step S217, the mobile terminal 190 stores the current parking lot code in the memory of the mobile terminal 190 as an incoming parking lot code for later reference.

In contrast, the management server 140 receives the warehousing request, the parking lot code, and the member ID in association with each other in step S234, and subsequently, in step S235, measures the current time by using the clock. .. After that, the management server 140 handles the measured current time as the warehousing time in step S236, and subsequently, in step S237, stores the warehousing time in the memory of the management server 140 in association with the member ID. As a result, the member ID, the ID of the parking lot 20, and the entry time are associated with each other and stored in the memory of the management server 140.

<Delivery stage>

Next, with reference to FIG. 3, in order to describe the operation of the second system 110 in the exit stage in which the vehicle exits from one of the vehicle compartments 122, the mobile terminal 190 of the user first starts in step S311. A signal is received from the transmitter 130 installed in the parking lot 120 where the user is currently located. Next, in step S312, the mobile terminal 190 extracts the transmitter code corresponding to the transmitter 130 from the signal received from the transmitter 130.

Then, in step S313, the mobile terminal 190 follows the extracted call according to the relationship stored in the memory of the mobile terminal 190 that has a predetermined relationship between the transmitter code and the parking lot code. Convert the machine code into the corresponding parking code. As a result, the parking lot 120 in which the user is currently present, that is, the leaving parking lot 120 from which the user wants to leave is specified.

Subsequently, in step S314, the mobile terminal 190 reads the stored parking lot code from the memory of the mobile terminal 190 and the converted parking lot code, that is, the exit parking lot code, matches each other. It is determined whether to do. If they match, the determination in step S314 becomes YES and the process proceeds to step S315. However, if they do not match, the determination becomes NO and the process returns to step S311 to wait for the acquisition of the correct exit parking code.

Subsequently, in step S315, the mobile terminal 190 displays a leaving button on its own screen in order to confirm the user's intention of leaving. When the user touches the leaving button, it is determined that the user has the intention of leaving, and in step S316, the leaving request, the leaving parking code, and the member ID are associated with each other and transmitted to the management server 140.

On the other hand, the management server 140 receives the leaving request, the leaving parking code, and the member ID in association with each other in step S331, and subsequently, in step S332, receives the leaving parking code and the member ID. By determining whether or not the same combination as the above exists in the memory of the management server 140, it is determined whether or not the user of this time and the parking lot 120 of this time are authenticated as authentic ones.

After that, if the authentication is successful, the management server 140 measures the current time by using the clock in step S333. After that, the management server 140 treats step S334 with the measured current time as the departure time, and subsequently, in step S335, the entry time stored in the memory of the management server 140 in association with the current member ID. Is read from the memory and the parking time is calculated by subtracting the warehousing time from the warehousing time.

After that, the management server 140 calculates in step S336 according to a predetermined relationship between the length of the parking time and the amount of the parking fee, which is stored in the memory of the management server 140. Calculate the parking charge for the amount of parking time. Subsequently, the management server 140 transmits the calculated parking charge amount to the mobile terminal 190 of the user.

On the other hand, the portable terminal 190 receives the parking charge amount in step S317, and subsequently displays the parking charge amount on the screen in step S318.

On the other hand, the management server 140, after executing step S336, in step S337, transmits a payment request for performing electronic payment for the parking fee to the payment server 160 together with information necessary for electronic payment.

On the other hand, the payment server 160 receives the payment request in step S351, and subsequently, in step S352, performs electronic payment with the designated contents. Subsequently, the payment server 160 transmits a payment completion signal indicating that the electronic payment is completed to the management server 140 in step S353.

On the other hand, the management server 140 receives the settlement completion signal in step S338, and subsequently, in step S339, transmits the leaving permission signal to the mobile terminal 190.

On the other hand, the mobile terminal 190 receives the exit permission signal in step S319, and accordingly, the mobile terminal 190 has the authority to legitimately exit from the parking lot 120 this time because the parking charge this time has been paid by electronic settlement. The user will know that it has been obtained.

<Operation of system 10>

<Receiving stage>

To explain the operation of the system 10, when the vehicle presence/absence sensor corresponding to the vehicle detects the vehicle in the warehousing stage in which the vehicle is warehousing in any one of the vehicle compartments 22, a signal indicating the fact is transmitted to the adjustment machine 30. .. The settlement machine 30 measures the time at that time as the warehousing time, and records which cab 22 has been warehousing (in association with the cab number) at the warehousing time. As a result, the entry time and the number of the vehicle compartment 22 (or vehicle compartment ID) are linked.

The checkout machine 30 further associates the entry time and the number of the vehicle compartment 22 (or the vehicle compartment ID) with each other and transmits them to the management server 40, and the management server 40 stores the data in association with each other. As a result, the management server 40 can monitor the operation status of the parking lot 20 in real time. The management server 40 is configured to centrally manage the plurality of parking lots 20 so that the operating statuses of the other parking lots 20 are also monitored.

<Delivery stage>

<Non-electronic payment mode>

On the other hand, in the delivery stage in which the vehicle exits from one of the vehicle compartments 22, first, the user operates the non-electronic payment mode and the pseudo-electronic payment mode (this mode is apparent to the user by the system 10). Recognized as the realized electronic payment mode)).

When the non-electronic payment mode is selected, the user inputs the number of the passenger compartment 22 of the user to the checkout machine 30, and in response to this, the checkout machine 30 measures the time as the departure time and records the record. The elapsed time from the entered entry time to the exit time is calculated as the parking time, and the postpaid parking fee corresponding to the length is calculated.

When the user pays the parking fee to the settlement machine 30 using cash or a prepaid card, the settlement machine 30 switches the leaving permission device 24 corresponding to the vehicle compartment 22 from the leaving prevention state to the leaving permission state. .. This allows the user to leave the vehicle from the vehicle compartment 22 this time. As described above, at the delivery stage, the amount of the parking fee is specified by using the number of the vehicle compartment 22 input by the user in the settlement machine 30 as a key.

<Pseudo electronic payment mode>

On the other hand, when the pseudo electronic payment mode is selected, the user activates the pseudo electronic payment program preinstalled in the mobile terminal 90.

The pseudo electronic payment program will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. 5. Generally, in the pseudo electronic payment mode, as shown in the uppermost column of FIG. The management server 40 performs instead of the machine 30 (first communication procedure), but instead of that, as shown in the center column of FIG. There is a possibility that the management server 140 of the system 110 will perform (second communication procedure) and a possibility that the settlement machine 30 will still perform (third communication procedure) as shown in the bottom column of FIG. To do.

Here, the three communication procedures shown in FIG. 4 will be described. In any communication procedure, a combination of the management server 40, the management server 140, and the payment server 160 between the mobile terminal 90 and the settlement machine 30 ( In the figure, three elements or servers existing in the area surrounded by the broken line are used for the electronic payment by partially using the second system 110 for the system 10 that cannot support the electronic payment by the system 10 alone. It exists to function so as to be compatible with, and in that sense, the combination is also called an electronic payment realization means.

In this electronic payment realization means, the management server 40 is also called an “actual management server” in the sense of a management server that actually exists in the system 10. On the other hand, the management server 140 actually exists in the second system 110, not in the system 10, and in the sense that it is regarded as a management server that actually exists in the system 10 from the viewpoint of the user, the “spoofing management server”. Also called.

Next, the communication procedures will be described individually. In the first communication procedure, the mobile terminal 90 wirelessly communicates with the actual management server 40 (for example, via a telephone line network), and thereby the actual management is performed. The server 40 is caused to calculate a parking charge (also referred to as “charge calculation”).

When the charge calculation is completed, the actual management server 40 connects to the payment server 160 via the impersonation management server 140, thereby causing the payment server 160 to perform electronic payment. When the electronic payment is completed, the actual management server 40 transmits a leaving permission signal to the leaving permission device 24 via the settlement machine 30, whereby the leaving permission by the user is permitted.

In the second communication procedure, the mobile terminal 90 wirelessly communicates with the impersonation management server 140 (for example, via a telephone network), whereby the impersonation management server 140 calculates a parking charge (“charge calculation”). Also called).

When the charge calculation is completed, the impersonation management server 140 connects to the payment server 160, thereby enabling electronic payment by the user. When the electronic payment is completed, the spoofing management server 140 notifies the actual management server 40 of the electronic payment completion, and in response, the actual management server 40 sends a leaving permission signal to the leaving permission device 24 via the settlement machine 30. Send, which allows the user to leave the warehouse.

In the third communication procedure, the mobile terminal 90 performs wireless communication (for example, by the Bluetooth (registered trademark) communication method) with the settlement machine 30, whereby the mobile terminal 90 calculates the parking time in the settlement machine 30. The parking fee is calculated and the calculated parking fee is returned to the mobile terminal 90.

After that, the mobile terminal 90 performs wireless communication (for example, via a telephone network) with the impersonation management server 140, and in response to this, the impersonation management server 140 connects to the payment server 160, and thereby the user. Enables electronic payment by. When the electronic payment is completed, the spoofing management server 140 notifies the actual management server 40 of the electronic payment completion, and in response, the actual management server 40 sends a leaving permission signal to the leaving permission device 24 via the settlement machine 30. Send, which allows the user to leave the warehouse.

Next, referring to FIG. 5, the settlement machine 30, the mobile terminal 90 and the management server 40 of the system 10 and the management server 140 and the payment of the second system 110 when the pseudo electronic payment mode is executed in the delivery stage. Each operation with the server 160 will be described.

Of the plurality of steps shown in FIG. 5, the time series of those executed by the mobile terminal 90 corresponds to the pseudo electronic payment program described above, and the time series of those executed by the management server 40 is the actual management. It corresponds to the pseudo electronic payment program for the server, and the time series executed by the management server 140 corresponds to the pseudo electronic payment management program for the spoofing management server and is executed by the payment server 160. The time series of things corresponds to an electronic payment program.

When the user activates the pseudo electronic payment program on the mobile terminal 90, first, in step S511, to confirm the user's intention of leaving (leaving in the pseudo electronic payment mode instead of the non-electronic payment mode). Then, display the issue button on your screen. Next, in step S512, it is determined whether the user has operated (for example, touched) the exit button. When the leaving button is operated, the determination is YES, and it is determined that the user has the intention of leaving.

Then, in step S513, the mobile terminal 90 inputs the parking lot identification information for identifying the parking lot 20 to the user, for example, the parking lot code, in order to specify the parking lot 20 where the user is currently located. Remind you. The user, on the other hand, enters the relevant parking code into the mobile terminal 90 manually (for example, by the manual input or the voice input) or semi-automatically or fully automatically (in a way that the input is assisted by the mobile terminal 90). To do.

In the first example of the parking lot code input support method, the portable terminal 90 measures the current position at the position of the parking lot 20 this time using the GPS function, and the plurality of parking lots 20 and a plurality of parking lots. According to a predetermined relationship with the position on the map, which is stored in the memory of the mobile terminal 90, one located near the measured current position among the plurality of positions on the map The at least one parking lot 20 corresponding to is presented to the user as a candidate for this parking lot 20.

In the first example, when the user selects one of the parking lots 20 on the mobile terminal 90, the parking lot code corresponding to the parking lot 20 is input to the mobile terminal 90.

In the second example of the parking lot code input support method, the mobile terminal 90 wirelessly communicates with the settlement machine 30 (for example, by the Bluetooth (registered trademark) communication method), and at this time, the settlement machine 30 operates as follows. A signal indicating the parking lot code corresponding to the parking lot 20 in which the checkout machine 30 is installed is returned to the mobile terminal 90. Thereby, the user can input the parking lot code of the parking lot 20 where he/she is currently in the portable terminal 90.

In the third example of the parking lot code input support method, the image sensor of the mobile terminal 90 is an identification mark attached to each of the checkout machine 30 or the passenger compartment 22, for example, a computer-readable pattern (for example, a computer-readable pattern). A two-dimensional code such as a bar code or a QR code (registered trademark) is read, and the read result is converted into a parking lot code corresponding to the parking lot 20 of this time. Thereby, the user can input the parking lot code of the parking lot 20 where he/she is currently in the portable terminal 90.

Subsequently, in step S514, the mobile terminal 90 identifies the vehicle compartment 22 to the user in order to identify the vehicle compartment 22 in which the user's vehicle is currently parked in the parking lot 20 in which the user is currently located. The user is prompted to enter the vehicle compartment identification information, for example, the vehicle compartment number. On the other hand, the user inputs the corresponding vehicle compartment number manually (for example, by the manual input or the voice input) or semi-automatically or fully automatically (in a manner in which the input is supported by the mobile terminal 90) to the mobile terminal 90. To do.

In an example of the method for assisting the input of the vehicle interior number, the image sensor of the mobile terminal 90 is provided with an identification mark attached to each vehicle interior 22, for example, a computer-readable pattern (for example, barcode, QR code (register A two-dimensional code (such as a trademark) is read, and the read result is converted into a vehicle compartment number corresponding to the vehicle compartment 22 of this time. Thereby, the user can input the vehicle compartment number of the vehicle compartment 22 in which the vehicle is currently parked, to the mobile terminal 90.

Here, the “identification mark” may be configured as a multipurpose identification mark including both the identification mark of the vehicle compartment 22 and the identification mark of the parking lot 20. In this case, the image sensor of the mobile terminal 90 reads the multipurpose identification mark attached to each passenger compartment 22, and the read result is used as the parking code corresponding to the current parking lot 20 and the current passenger compartment. It is converted into a combination with the vehicle compartment number corresponding to 22.

According to this exemplary input support method, the user can obtain the parking code of the parking lot 20 in which the user is currently located and the vehicle compartment number of the vehicle compartment 22 in which the vehicle is currently parked at once in the portable terminal 90. Can be entered in.

Then, in step S515, the portable terminal 90 allows the current user (exactly, the current user) to access the second system 110 legally in order to use the electronic payment means of the second system 110. Assigns one spoofing member ID to the combination of the parking lot code of this time and the vehicle compartment number of this time). The impersonation member ID is set differently for each user.

By the way, a user who wants to use the second system 110 for the original purpose of parking a vehicle is required to be registered in advance as a member of the second system 110. However, the user of the system 10 is not required to be a member of the second system 110 in order to use the system 10.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the data processing of the mobile terminal 90 allows the user to temporarily become a member of the second system 110 regardless of the intention of the user of the system 10 and without being noticed by the user. Impersonate The qualification of this impersonation member automatically disappears when the user finishes using the system 10 this time (paying the parking fee by pseudo electronic payment).

In order to perform the spoofing process, a plurality of virtual member IDs, that is, none of the users of the second system 110 are assigned to the memory of the mobile terminal 90, but the mobile terminal 90 is used only for electronic payment. What allows the terminal 90 to access the second system 110 is stored. Those same virtual member IDs are also stored in the memory of the second system 110, which allows the second system 110 to authenticate the user of the system 10 as a member.

Every time the mobile terminal 90 receives a leaving request from the user in the pseudo electronic payment mode, one of the virtual member IDs is already used in the same mobile terminal 90 and is used in another mobile terminal 90. Select a unique one and assign it to this user. As a result, the parking code of this time, the vehicle compartment number of this time, and the impersonation member ID of this time are associated with each other. When each mobile terminal 90 selects a certain impersonation member ID, the result is transmitted to the management server 40, and the management server 40 provides information to other mobile terminals 90 so as not to select the same impersonation member ID. To do.

Then, in step S516, the portable terminal 90 manages the exit request for the user requesting the exit (the exit in the pseudo electronic payment mode instead of the non-electronic payment mode), the parking lot code, and the vehicle compartment number in association with each other. It is transmitted to the server 40.

On the other hand, the management server 40 receives the leaving request, the parking lot code, and the vehicle compartment number in association with each other in step S531.

Then, in step S532, the management server 40 measures the current time by using the clock. After that, the management server 40 handles the measured current time as the departure time, and subsequently reads the entry time stored in the memory of the management server 40 in association with the current vehicle compartment number from the memory, The parking time is calculated by subtracting the warehousing time from the warehousing time.

After that, the management server 40 calculates in step S533 according to the relationship stored in the memory of the management server 40 that has a predetermined relationship between the length of the parking time and the amount of the parking fee. Calculate the parking charge for the amount of parking time. Then, the management server 40 transmits the calculated amount of the parking fee to the user's mobile terminal 90 in step S534.

On the other hand, the portable terminal 90 receives the parking charge amount in step S517, and subsequently displays the parking charge amount on the screen.

Thereafter, in step S518, the mobile terminal 90 sends the amount of the parking charge, the payment request for electronic payment of the parking charge, and the impersonation member ID of this time together with the information necessary for the electronic payment, and the second system. 110 to the management server 140. Instead of this, the management server 40 may send the payment request to the management server 140 instead of the mobile terminal 90.

On the other hand, in step S551, the management server 140 receives the parking charge amount, the settlement request, the impersonation member ID of this time, and the information necessary for the electronic settlement.

Then, in step S552, the management server 140 refers to its own memory to determine whether or not there is a virtual member ID that matches the received spoofed member ID. The user this time is permitted to access the second system 110 only for the purpose of electronic payment. Member authentication is performed.

Thereafter, in step S553, the management server 140 transmits a payment request for performing electronic payment for the parking fee to the payment server 160 together with information necessary for electronic payment.

On the other hand, the payment server 160 receives the payment request in step S571, and subsequently, in step S572, performs electronic payment with the designated contents. Subsequently, the payment server 160 transmits a payment completion signal indicating that the electronic payment is completed to the management server 40 in step S573.

On the other hand, the management server 40 receives the settlement completion signal in step S535, and subsequently determines in step S536 that the settlement of the parking fee has been completed by electronic settlement. After that, the management server 40 transmits a leaving permission signal to the settlement machine 30 in step S537.

On the other hand, the settlement machine 30 receives the leaving permission signal in step S501, and subsequently, in step S502, in order to allow the user's vehicle to leave the vehicle compartment 22 this time, the leaving permission is issued. A leaving permission signal is transmitted to the device 24. In response to the leaving permission signal, the leaving permission device 24 retracts (stores) the baffle plate from the working position to the non-working position, thereby allowing the vehicle to leave the leaving permission device 24.

In some of the embodiments described above, when the mobile terminal 90 selects the pseudo electronic payment mode by the user, information (for example, a parking lot code) for specifying the current parking lot 20 and the current selection are selected. The second management server 140 of the second system 110 is acquired as a member of the second system 110 based on the combination with the information (for example, the vehicle number) for identifying the specified vehicle compartment 22. Is designed to include a spoofing access means for assigning a spoofing member ID for accessing the second management server 140 and accessing the second management server 140 using the spoofing member ID.

Alternatively, when the pseudo electronic payment mode is selected by the user, the mobile terminal 90 acquires the user ID of the user or information uniquely corresponding to the user (described later), and then acquires the user ID or the unique ID. A spoofing member ID for accessing the second management server 140 of the second system 110 as a member of the second system 110 is assigned to the target correspondence information, and the spoofing member ID is used to pass through the management server 40. Alternatively, it may be designed so as to include a spoof access means for accessing the second management server 140 without going through.

Here, as the “information uniquely corresponding to the user (unique correspondence information)”, for example, the telephone number of the mobile terminal 90, the mail address, the IP address, the registration number of the vehicle of the user (the number on the license plate, etc.) ) And other text (character/numerical string) information, and image information such as an image of the user himself or his vehicle. The “vehicle registration number” is acquired by the user manually inputting a character/numerical string into the mobile terminal 90, or the user captures an image including the license plate of the vehicle with the camera of the mobile terminal 90, and the captured result. Alternatively, the number may be obtained by extracting the number by image recognition processing by the mobile terminal 90 or another device.

Although some of the embodiments described above are some examples in which the present invention is applied to a service using the postpaid parking lot 20, the present invention uses a prepaid parking lot. May be applied to services.

In some of the embodiments described above, the present invention is applied to a parking lot service in which a user rents a space for a user to park a vehicle in a parking lot 20 managed by a company (parking lot management company). The present invention can be applied to other types of services, just to give some examples.

Specifically, the present invention is applied, for example, to a service (so-called parking lot sharing service) in which a parking lot owned by an individual is lent to another person in order to park a vehicle of another person, or a business is conducted by a business operator. It is applied to the service of renting a vehicle to a user at a place (so-called vehicle rental service), or the service of an operator renting a vehicle to a user at an unmanned parking lot (so-called vehicle sharing service), or to an individual It may be applied to a service of lending its own vehicle to another person (so-called vehicle sharing service).

Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a service of renting a rental target, which is a real estate or movable property, to a user.

In some of the embodiments described above, the user of the system 10 is allowed to qualify as a member of the second system 110 in a state in which the user is not aware, but the user consents. Alternatively, the present invention may be carried out in such a manner as to qualify as a member of the second system 110 after waiting for an instruction from the person himself/herself.

As described above, some of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, these are examples, and those skilled in the art, including the modes described in the section of [Summary of the Invention] It is possible to implement the present invention in other forms with various modifications and improvements based on knowledge.

Claims (10)

A system that provides a certain type of service to users,
A non-electronic payment device that enables non-electronic payment, which is cash payment or card payment by a user,
Including a management server that can communicate with the non-electronic payment device ,
The system does not support electronic payments by itself, but in cooperation with a second system that provides users with services of the same type as the system and supports electronic payments, the pseudo electronic payment mode Run
The second system is
A second management server capable of communicating with the user's communication terminal;
A payment server that enables electronic payment by a user, and is capable of communicating with the second management server;
In the system, in the pseudo electronic payment mode, a user's communication terminal accesses the second management server via the management server or not, thereby performing electronic payment using the payment server. And then the second management server communicates with the non-electronic payment device via or without the management server, whereby the non-electronic payment device receives a payment completion signal. A payment support service providing system. A system that provides a certain type of service to users,
A non-electronic payment device that enables non-electronic payment, which is cash payment or card payment by a user,
Including a management server that can communicate with the non-electronic payment device ,
The system, by itself, executes a non-electronic payment mode that does not support electronic payment, and in the non-electronic payment mode, the user makes a non-electronic payment using the non -electronic payment device ,
The system executes a pseudo electronic payment mode in cooperation with a second system that provides a user with the same type of service as the system,
The second system is
A second management server capable of communicating with the user's communication terminal;
A payment server that enables electronic payment by a user, and is capable of communicating with the second management server;
The second system executes an electronic payment mode corresponding to electronic payment by the second system alone, provided that the user is a member of the second system, and in the electronic payment mode, The user's communication terminal communicates with the second management server, thereby performing electronic payment using the payment server, and then the second management server sends a payment completion signal to the communication terminal,
In the system, in the pseudo electronic payment mode, the user's communication terminal either impersonates the user of the second system or actually becomes a member of the second system, and the management server Access to the second management server via or not to perform electronic payment using the payment server, and then the second management server passes through the management server, or A pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system in which the non-electronic payment apparatus communicates with the non-electronic payment apparatus without passing through, and the non-electronic payment apparatus receives the payment completion signal. The service includes a service for renting a space for a user to park a vehicle including a bicycle, an automobile or a motorcycle to the user and/or a service for renting a vehicle including a bicycle, an automobile or a motorcycle to the user. The pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to 1 or 2. The service includes a service of lending a space for a user to park a vehicle including a bicycle, a car or a motorcycle in a parking lot to the user,
The system is
It is a delivery permission device that physically restricts a vehicle entering the parking lot from leaving the parking lot until the user completes the settlement, and physically permits the leaving when the user completes the settlement. Including those controlled by the non-electronic payment device ,
The pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to claim 3, wherein when the non-electronic payment device receives the payment completion signal, the non-electronic payment device transmits a leaving permission signal to the leaving permission device. The service is a service for lending to a user one of a plurality of vehicle compartments, which is a plurality of spaces for a user to park a vehicle including a bicycle, a car, or a motorcycle, in a parking lot. Including,
The system is
The user's communication terminal specifies the parking lot when the pseudo electronic payment mode is selected by the user on the entry stage where the vehicle enters the selected passenger compartment or the exit stage where the vehicle exits the passenger compartment. A combination of the information for performing the operation and the information for specifying the selected vehicle compartment is acquired, the member ID as a member of the second system is assigned to the combination, and the management is performed using the member ID. The pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to claim 2, further comprising access means for accessing the second management server via a server or not. further,
When the pseudo electronic payment mode is selected by the user, the communication terminal of the user acquires the user ID of the user or information uniquely corresponding to the user, and the user ID or the information is added to the second system. The pseudo electronic payment support according to claim 2, further comprising access means for allocating a member ID as a member of the user and accessing the second management server via the management server with or without using the member ID. Type service provision system. A program for causing a computer to function as a communication terminal in the pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to claim 1. A program for causing a computer to function as a management server in the pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A program for causing a computer to function as a non-electronic payment device in the pseudo electronic payment compatible service providing system according to claim 1. A recording medium on which the program according to claim 7 is recorded so that it can be read by a computer.

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