JP2020079738A

JP2020079738A - Dirt evaluation method of vehicle component

Info

Publication number: JP2020079738A
Application number: JP2018212747A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 健太郎橋本; Kentaro Hashimoto; 敏正高橋; Toshimasa Takahashi; 靖司渋田; Yasushi Shibuta; 中川　勝之; Katsuyuki Nakagawa; 勝之中川; 幹也小林; Mikiya Kobayashi
Original assignee: Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd
Current assignee: Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-13
Filing date: 2018-11-13
Publication date: 2020-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-13
Also published as: JP7160506B2

Abstract

To provide a dirt evaluation method of a vehicle component which can quantitatively evaluate degree of dirt attached to a vehicle component such as a wheel.SOLUTION: A dirt evaluation method of a vehicle component comprises the steps of: pasting a surface of the vehicle component with a collection member to which dirt adheres; adhering dirt to the surface of the collection member pasted on the vehicle component; and measuring an optical characteristic value of the surface of the collection member to which dirt has adhered. The collection member includes: a first layer adhering to the vehicle component; and a second layer being removably laminated on the first layer. The process of measuring the optical characteristic value includes: removing the second layer from the collection member to which dirt has adhered; fixing the second layer on a plain; and measuring the optical characteristic value of the surface of the second layer fixed on the plane.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、ホイールなどの車両部品に付着した汚れの度合いを評価する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the degree of dirt adhering to vehicle parts such as wheels.

近年、ブレーキダストによるホイールの汚れを車両のユーザに指摘される件数が増加している。この指摘に応えるべく、効き、鳴きの抑制、摩耗寿命の確保といったブレーキ性能だけでなく、ホイールの汚れに配慮したブレーキの開発が求められている。このようなブレーキの開発を行うには、ホイールの汚れを客観的・定量的に評価する必要がある。 In recent years, the number of cases where wheel dirtiness caused by brake dust is pointed out by vehicle users is increasing. In order to respond to this point, there is a demand for the development of brakes that take into consideration not only brake performance such as effectiveness, suppression of squeal, and ensuring wear life, but also dirt on the wheels. In order to develop such a brake, it is necessary to objectively and quantitatively evaluate wheel dirt.

ところが、ホイールの汚れを精度よく評価する技術が確立されていない。一般にホイールの汚れの評価は、人の目視により行われている。目視による評価では、人の主観により結果が左右される上に、人の相違に伴う評価のばらつきがある。さらに、ホイールの汚れを定量的に評価することもできない。その結果、メーカの異なるブレーキを一義な基準に基づいて比較して評価することもできない。 However, a technique for accurately evaluating the dirt on the wheel has not been established. Generally, the evaluation of wheel stains is performed by human eyes. In the visual evaluation, the result depends on the subjectivity of the person, and the evaluation varies depending on the person's difference. Furthermore, it is not possible to quantitatively evaluate wheel dirt. As a result, it is also not possible to compare and evaluate brakes from different manufacturers based on unique criteria.

一方、自動車の構成部材の汚れを評価する技術として、特許文献１に記載のものがある。この技術は、エンジンのピストンスカート部の汚れや傷等を自動的に検査する円筒物検査方法に関する。具体的には、次の各工程を有する。
（１）表色系に基づいて基準色の三要素を演算する。
（２）円筒物の画像の中から処理対象とする画像を検索する。
（３）基準色の三要素と処理対象画像の色の三要素とを比較する。
（４）この比較結果に基づき円筒物の外周部分における汚れ等の評価を演算する。 On the other hand, as a technique for evaluating stains on constituent members of an automobile, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1. This technique relates to a cylindrical object inspection method for automatically inspecting a piston skirt portion of an engine for dirt and scratches. Specifically, it has the following steps.
(1) The three elements of the reference color are calculated based on the color system.
(2) The image to be processed is searched from the images of the cylindrical object.
(3) The three elements of the reference color are compared with the three elements of the color of the image to be processed.
(4) Based on the result of this comparison, the evaluation of dirt and the like on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical object is calculated.

特開平６−２０１５９８号公報JP-A-6-201598

しかし、ホイールの汚れは、表色系に基づいて正確に評価することが難しい。これは、曲率が小さな曲面が連続する部分に付着した汚れは、分光測色計を用いて直接測定しても測定精度が落ちるからである。特に、ホイールの表面は、一般に曲率が異なる複数種の曲面で複雑な形状に構成されており、個々の曲面の曲率も小さいことが多いため、測定精度の低下はより顕著になり易い。 However, it is difficult to accurately evaluate wheel dirt based on the color system. This is because the stain adhered to the portion where the curved surfaces having a small curvature are continuous has a low measurement accuracy even when directly measured using a spectrocolorimeter. In particular, the surface of the wheel is generally composed of a plurality of types of curved surfaces having different curvatures in a complicated shape, and the curvature of each curved surface is often small, so that the measurement accuracy is more likely to decrease.

本発明は上記の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的の一つは、ホイールなどの車両部品に付着した汚れの度合いを定量的に評価することができる車両部品の汚れ評価方法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and one of the objects thereof is to provide a dirt evaluation method for vehicle parts capable of quantitatively evaluating the degree of dirt attached to vehicle parts such as wheels. Especially.

（１）本発明の第一の態様に係る車両部品の汚れ評価方法は、
汚れが付着される捕集部材を車両部品の表面に貼り付ける過程と、
前記車両部品に貼り付けられた前記捕集部材の表面に汚れを付着させる過程と、
汚れが付着した前記捕集部材の表面の光学特性値を測定する過程とを備え、
前記捕集部材は、
前記車両部品に粘着される第一層と、
前記第一層に対して剥離可能に積層される第二層とを備え、
前記光学特性値を測定する過程は、
汚れの付着した前記捕集部材から前記第二層を剥離する過程と、
前記第二層を平面上に固定する過程と、
前記平面上に固定された前記第二層の表面の光学特性値を測定する過程とを含む。 (1) A method for evaluating contamination of vehicle parts according to the first aspect of the present invention,
A process of attaching a collecting member to which dirt is attached to the surface of a vehicle part,
A step of attaching dirt to the surface of the collecting member attached to the vehicle part;
And a step of measuring an optical characteristic value of the surface of the collecting member on which dirt is attached,
The collecting member is
A first layer adhered to the vehicle component,
A second layer releasably laminated to the first layer,
The process of measuring the optical characteristic value,
A step of peeling the second layer from the collecting member on which dirt is attached,
Fixing the second layer on a plane,
Measuring the optical property value of the surface of the second layer fixed on the plane.

上記の車両部品の汚れ評価方法は、積層構造の捕集部材の表面に汚れを付着させ、捕集部材の一部である第二層を第一層から剥離し、平面に固定してから第二層の表面の光学特性値を測定する。よって、捕集部材の貼り付け箇所が曲面を含む場合であっても、人の感覚に頼ることなく、精度よく捕集部材の表面の光学特性値を測定することができる。特に、小さな曲率の曲面を有する車両部品や、曲率の異なる複数の曲面を有する車両部品であっても、客観的かつ定量的に汚れを評価することができる。 The above-mentioned vehicle part dirt evaluation method is a method of depositing dirt on the surface of a collecting member having a laminated structure, peeling the second layer which is a part of the collecting member from the first layer, and fixing the same to a flat surface. The optical property value of the surface of the two layers is measured. Therefore, even when the collecting member is attached to a curved surface, the optical characteristic value of the surface of the collecting member can be accurately measured without depending on the human sense. In particular, even a vehicle part having a curved surface with a small curvature or a vehicle part having a plurality of curved surfaces with different curvatures can objectively and quantitatively evaluate dirt.

実施形態に係るホイールの汚れ評価方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the dirt evaluation method of the wheel which concerns on embodiment. 実施形態に係るホイールの汚れ評価方法において、捕集部材を貼り付けたホイールを示す部分模式図である。In the wheel dirt evaluation method according to the embodiment, it is a partial schematic view showing a wheel to which a collecting member is attached. 実施形態に係るホイールの汚れ評価方法の結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the result of the dirt evaluation method of the wheel concerning an embodiment.

［実施形態１］
本発明の実施形態を図面を参照しつつ説明する。ここでは、車両部品をホイール１０、汚れをブレーキダスト、測定する光学特性を明度とする車両部品の汚れ評価方法を例として、主に図１を参照して実施形態を説明する。 [Embodiment 1]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, an embodiment will be described mainly with reference to FIG. 1, taking as an example a method for evaluating a stain on a vehicle component in which a vehicle component is a wheel 10, a stain is brake dust, and an optical characteristic to be measured is brightness.

［概要］
この車両部品の汚れ評価方法は、初期過程と、汚れ付着過程と、測定過程とを備える。初期過程では、汚れが付着される捕集部材２０を車両部品の表面の所定位置に貼り付ける。汚れ付着過程では、車両部品に貼り付けた捕集部材２０の表面に汚れを付着させる。測定過程では、汚れが付着した捕集部材２０の表面の光学特性値を測定する。実施形態に係る車両部品の汚れ評価方法の特徴の一つは、捕集部材２０を所定の積層構造とし、測定過程で捕集部材２０の一部の層を剥離して平面３０上に固定してから当該一部の層の光学特性値を測定することにある。以下、過程ごとに詳細に説明する。 [Overview]
This vehicle part dirt evaluation method includes an initial step, a dirt adhesion step, and a measurement step. In the initial process, the collecting member 20 to which dirt is attached is attached to a predetermined position on the surface of the vehicle component. In the dirt attaching process, dirt is attached to the surface of the collecting member 20 attached to the vehicle part. In the measurement process, the optical characteristic value of the surface of the collecting member 20 with the dirt attached is measured. One of the features of the method for evaluating contamination of vehicle parts according to the embodiment is that the collecting member 20 has a predetermined laminated structure, and some layers of the collecting member 20 are peeled off and fixed on the flat surface 30 in the measurement process. Then, the optical property values of the part of the layers are measured. Hereinafter, each process will be described in detail.

［初期過程］
初期過程は、捕集部材２０の準備過程と、捕集部材２０の貼付過程とを含む。 [Initial process]
The initial process includes a process of preparing the collecting member 20 and a process of attaching the collecting member 20.

（捕集部材の準備過程）
捕集部材２０の準備過程では、所定の積層構造の捕集部材２０を準備する。この捕集部材２０は、ホイール１０に粘着される第一層２１と、第一層２１に対して剥離可能に積層される第二層２２とを備える。より具体的には、市販の両面粘着テープを捕集部材２０として利用できる。市販の両面粘着テープであれば、容易かつ安価に入手できる。一般に両面粘着テープは、基材の両面に粘着層を有し、少なくとも一方の粘着層の上に剥離層を備える。このような両面粘着テープにおいて、例えば、基材の一面側、即ちホイール１０に対向する側の粘着層を第一層２１とし、基材の他面側の粘着層の上に積層される剥離層を第二層２２とすることが挙げられる。第一層２１は、ホイール１０に粘着した際、容易に剥がれない程度の粘着力を有するものが好適である。第二層２２は、汚れが直接付着される層であり、第一層２１と積層状態を保持しているが、必要に応じて、第一層２１から容易に剥離できることが必要である。例えば、クラフト紙などの紙や、ＰＥＴ等の樹脂フィルムに、シリコン系ポリマーを塗布した剥離層を第二層２２として利用できる。このような剥離層はブレーキダストが適度に付着でき、後の測定過程でブレーキの相違に伴うブレーキダストの付着状況を適切に判別し易い。粘着層を第二層２２として利用すると、過度にブレーキダストが付着し、ブレーキの相違に伴うブレーキダストの付着状況を測定過程で判別し難いことがある。上記の両面粘着テープは、４層又は５層で構成される積層構造であり、第一層２１と第二層２２との間に基材と基材の他面側の粘着層とが介在されるが、第一層２１と第二層２２との間に他の層が介在されてなくても良い。図１では、簡略化して、第一層２１と第二層２２のみを示している。 (Preparation process of collection member)
In the process of preparing the collecting member 20, the collecting member 20 having a predetermined laminated structure is prepared. The collecting member 20 includes a first layer 21 that is adhered to the wheel 10 and a second layer 22 that is releasably laminated on the first layer 21. More specifically, a commercially available double-sided adhesive tape can be used as the collection member 20. Any commercially available double-sided adhesive tape can be easily and inexpensively obtained. Generally, a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on both sides of a base material and a release layer on at least one pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. In such a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, for example, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on one surface side of the base material, that is, the side facing the wheel 10 is the first layer 21, and the release layer laminated on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the other surface side of the base material. Is used as the second layer 22. It is preferable that the first layer 21 has an adhesive force that does not easily peel off when it adheres to the wheel 10. The second layer 22 is a layer to which dirt is directly attached and maintains a laminated state with the first layer 21, but it is necessary that it can be easily peeled from the first layer 21 as necessary. For example, a release layer obtained by coating a paper such as kraft paper or a resin film such as PET with a silicon-based polymer can be used as the second layer 22. Brake dust can be appropriately attached to such a peeling layer, and it is easy to appropriately determine the adhesion state of brake dust due to the difference in brakes in the subsequent measurement process. When the adhesive layer is used as the second layer 22, the brake dust adheres excessively, and it may be difficult to determine the adhesion state of the brake dust due to the difference in the brakes in the measurement process. The above-mentioned double-sided adhesive tape has a laminated structure composed of four layers or five layers, and a base material and an adhesive layer on the other surface side of the base material are interposed between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. However, another layer may not be interposed between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. In FIG. 1, for simplification, only the first layer 21 and the second layer 22 are shown.

捕集部材２０の大きさは、後に測定過程で用いる測定機器の測定領域（測定径）よりも広いサイズとする。例えば、分光測色計４０の測定径がφ１０ｍｍ弱であれば、それ以上の面積を確保できるように捕集部材２０の大きさを選択すればよい。一方、捕集部材２０は大きすぎると汚れが一様に付着し難いため、汚れの付着にばらつきが少なく、実質的に一様に付着できる程度の大きさとすることが好ましい。例えば、１０〜２０ｍｍ×５０〜１５０ｍｍ程度の捕集部材２０を用いることが好適である。 The size of the collection member 20 is set to be larger than the measurement area (measurement diameter) of the measurement device used in the measurement process later. For example, if the measurement diameter of the spectrocolorimeter 40 is slightly less than φ10 mm, the size of the collection member 20 may be selected so as to secure a larger area. On the other hand, if the collecting member 20 is too large, it is difficult for the dirt to adhere uniformly, and therefore it is preferable that the size of the collecting member 20 is such that there is little variation in the adhesion of the dirt and that the dirt can be adhered substantially uniformly. For example, it is suitable to use the collecting member 20 having a size of 10 to 20 mm×50 to 150 mm.

第二層２２における汚れの付着する面の明度は、第二層２２の全面にわたって実質的に一様で、かつ高い方が好ましい。汚れの付着する面の明度が一様でかつ高ければ、汚れが付着した際に、明度の変化が明確に把握できるからである。白色は明度が最も高く、第二層２２に好適である。例えば、Ｌ^＊ａ^＊ｂ^＊表色系（ＪＩＳＺ８７８１−４）による明度値が９０以上であることが好ましい。但し、明度値が９０未満の第二層２２であっても明度値に補正値を乗ずることで利用することができる。ホイール１０に対してブレーキを変えて汚れの付着度合いを評価する際、各測定で用いる第二層２２の明度は共通のものを用いることが好ましい。但し、測定時に明度が異なる第二層２２を用いた場合であっても、明度の相違に応じた補正値を乗ずることで、適切に比較できる評価結果を得ることができる。 It is preferable that the lightness of the surface of the second layer 22 to which the dirt adheres is substantially uniform and high over the entire surface of the second layer 22. This is because if the surface on which the dirt adheres has a uniform and high brightness, the change in the brightness can be clearly recognized when the dirt adheres. White has the highest brightness and is suitable for the second layer 22. For example, it is preferable that the lightness value according to the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (JIS Z 8781-4) is 90 or more. However, even the second layer 22 having a lightness value of less than 90 can be used by multiplying the lightness value by the correction value. When the brake is changed for the wheel 10 to evaluate the degree of dirt adhesion, it is preferable to use the same brightness of the second layer 22 used in each measurement. However, even when the second layer 22 having different luminosity is used at the time of measurement, it is possible to obtain an appropriate comparison evaluation result by multiplying by a correction value according to the luminosity difference.

（捕集部材の貼付過程）
捕集部材２０の貼付過程では、図２に示すように、上記の捕集部材２０をホイール１０の所定位置に貼り付ける。図２は、紙面奥側が車幅方向の外側、紙面手前側が車幅方向の内側を示す。この貼り付けは、捕集部材２０の第一層２１をホイール１０に向けて行う。ホイール１０は、一般に車軸に取り付けられるディスク部１１と、タイヤが取り付けられるリム部１２とを備える。ディスク部１１は、中心側のハブ取付部と、ハブ取付部から外周側に放射状に延びる複数のスポーク部とを備える。リム部１２は、ディスク部１１の外周側に一体化される環状部材である。このようなホイール１０において、捕集部材２０の貼り付け箇所には、次の位置ａ〜位置ｆが挙げられる。
ａ：スポーク部の外面（車幅方向の外側に臨む面）
ｂ：スポーク部の側面（隣り合うスポーク部に臨む面）
ｃ：リム部１２の外面（車幅方向の外側に臨む面）
ｄ：リム部１２の内周面のうちディスク部１１よりも車幅方向の内側で、かつディスク部１１寄りの箇所
ｅ：リム部１２の内周面のうちディスク部１１よりも車幅方向の内側で、かつディスク部１１と反対側の箇所
ｆ：スポーク同士の間で、かつ上記位置ｃと位置ｄとの間 (Attaching process of the collecting member)
In the process of sticking the collecting member 20, as shown in FIG. 2, the collecting member 20 is stuck to a predetermined position of the wheel 10. In FIG. 2, the back side of the drawing is the outer side in the vehicle width direction, and the front side of the drawing is the inner side in the vehicle width direction. This attachment is performed with the first layer 21 of the collection member 20 facing the wheel 10. The wheel 10 generally includes a disc portion 11 attached to an axle and a rim portion 12 to which a tire is attached. The disk portion 11 includes a hub mounting portion on the center side and a plurality of spoke portions radially extending from the hub mounting portion to the outer peripheral side. The rim portion 12 is an annular member integrated with the outer peripheral side of the disc portion 11. In the wheel 10 as described above, the following positions a to f can be cited as the places where the collecting member 20 is attached.
a: Outer surface of the spoke portion (surface facing the outer side in the vehicle width direction)
b: Side surface of spoke portion (surface facing adjacent spoke portion)
c: outer surface of the rim portion 12 (surface facing the outer side in the vehicle width direction)
d: a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the rim portion 12 inside the disc portion 11 in the vehicle width direction and closer to the disc portion 11 e: a portion of the inner peripheral surface of the rim portion 12 in the vehicle width direction than the disc portion 11 Inside, and on the side opposite to the disk portion f: Between the spokes and between the position c and the position d

捕集部材２０の貼り付け箇所は、汚れの付着のばらつきが少ない箇所を選択することが好ましい。具体的には、上記位置ｄ、即ちホイール１０のリム部１２の内周面でディスク部１１の近傍が好適である。この貼り付け箇所には、曲面が含まれていてもよい。この曲面は曲率半径の小さい曲面であってもよい。例えば、曲率半径が１５０ｍｍ以下、さらには１００ｍｍ以下、特に５０ｍｍ以下の曲面であっても適切に汚れの評価を行うことができる。さらに、この貼り付け箇所には、曲率半径が異なる複数の曲面が含まれていてもよい。 It is preferable to select a place where the collecting member 20 is attached, where there is little variation in the adhesion of dirt. Specifically, the position d, that is, the inner peripheral surface of the rim portion 12 of the wheel 10 and the vicinity of the disk portion 11 is preferable. A curved surface may be included in the pasted portion. The curved surface may have a small radius of curvature. For example, stains can be appropriately evaluated even on a curved surface having a radius of curvature of 150 mm or less, further 100 mm or less, and especially 50 mm or less. Further, the pasted portion may include a plurality of curved surfaces having different radii of curvature.

捕集部材２０をホイール１０の曲面に貼り付ける場合、必要に応じて、捕集部材２０に適宜な切れ目を入れてもよい。切れ目を入れることで、曲面に貼り付けた捕集部材２０が折り重なったり、しわが寄ったりすることを抑制できる。 When the collecting member 20 is attached to the curved surface of the wheel 10, an appropriate cut may be made in the collecting member 20 as necessary. By making a cut, it is possible to prevent the collection member 20 attached to the curved surface from being folded or wrinkled.

[汚れ付着過程]
汚れ付着過程では、捕集部材２０を貼り付けたホイール１０を汚れの生じる一定条件の環境下に曝して、捕集部材２０の表面に汚れを付着させる。その際、第二層２２の表面は、他の部材で覆うことなく露出させ、汚れを直接付着させる。具体例としては、まず捕集部材２０を貼り付けたホイール１０を車両に装着する。次に、その車両をシャシダイナモメータ上で駆動させて、所定条件の制動を行う。この制動に伴い、捕集部材２０にブレーキダストを付着させる。所定の制動条件の具体例としては、次のパターンＡやパターンＢが挙げられる。
（Ａ）車速：５０ｋｍ／ｈ→０ｋｍ／ｈ、減速度：１．５ｍ／ｓ^２、制動回数：合計７７０回、制動間隔：６０秒
（Ｂ）車速：１０〜１００ｋｍ／ｈ、減速度：０．６〜６．０ｍ／ｓ^２、制動回数：合計２０００回、制動間隔：６０秒 [Dirt adhesion process]
In the dirt adhering process, the wheel 10 to which the collecting member 20 is attached is exposed to an environment where dirt is generated under a certain condition, and the dirt is adhered to the surface of the collecting member 20. At that time, the surface of the second layer 22 is exposed without being covered with another member, and the dirt is directly attached thereto. As a specific example, first, the wheel 10 to which the collecting member 20 is attached is attached to a vehicle. Next, the vehicle is driven on the chassis dynamometer to perform braking under a predetermined condition. Along with this braking, brake dust is attached to the collection member 20. Specific examples of the predetermined braking condition include the following pattern A and pattern B.
(A) Vehicle speed: 50 km/h→0 km/h, deceleration: 1.5 m/s ² , braking frequency: 770 times in total, braking interval: 60 seconds (B) vehicle speed: 10-100 km/h, deceleration: 0 .6 to 6.0 m/s ² , braking frequency: 2000 times in total, braking interval: 60 seconds

上記パターンＡとパターンＢのいずれか一方しか行わなくても良いし、双方を行っても良い。双方を行う場合、各パターンの順番はどちらが先でも良い。 Only one of the pattern A and the pattern B may be performed, or both may be performed. When both are performed, the order of each pattern may be either first.

[測定過程]
測定過程は、剥離過程と、平面３０への固定過程と、光学特性値（明度）測定過程とを含む。 [Measurement process]
The measuring process includes a peeling process, a fixing process on the flat surface 30, and an optical characteristic value (brightness) measuring process.

（剥離過程）
剥離過程では、図１に示すように、汚れ付着過程を経た捕集部材２０から第二層２２を剥離する。この際、付着したブレーキダストが第二層２２から脱落しないように行う。例えば、第二層２２が極端に屈曲しないようにすることで、ブレーキダストの脱落を抑制できる。 (Peeling process)
In the peeling process, as shown in FIG. 1, the second layer 22 is peeled from the collecting member 20 that has undergone the dirt attaching process. At this time, it is performed so that the adhered brake dust does not fall off from the second layer 22. For example, by preventing the second layer 22 from being bent extremely, it is possible to suppress the fall of the brake dust.

（平面への固定過程）
平面３０への固定過程では、剥離した第二層２２を平面３０上に固定する。この固定は、第二層２２の表裏面のうち、汚れが付着した面を上に向け、汚れが付着してない面を平面３０に向けて行う。この平面３０には、適宜な机や台などの天板であったり、その天板上に載置した板材やシート材が利用できる。第二層２２の平面３０への固定手段は、第二層２２が平面３０上から不用意にずれたりしなければ、特に限定されない。具体例としては、第二層２２と平面３０との間に両面粘着テープを介在させたり、第二層２２の縁部や角部を粘着テープで押えたりするすることが挙げられる。 (Fixing process on a plane)
In the fixing process on the flat surface 30, the peeled second layer 22 is fixed on the flat surface 30. This fixing is performed with the surface of the second layer 22 on which dirt is attached facing upward and the surface without dirt facing toward the flat surface 30. As the flat surface 30, a top plate such as an appropriate desk or table, or a plate material or a sheet material placed on the top plate can be used. The means for fixing the second layer 22 to the flat surface 30 is not particularly limited as long as the second layer 22 does not inadvertently shift from the flat surface 30. Specific examples include interposing a double-sided adhesive tape between the second layer 22 and the flat surface 30, or pressing the edges or corners of the second layer 22 with the adhesive tape.

（明度測定過程）
明度測定過程では、平面３０に固定した第二層２２における汚れが付着した面の光学特性値を測定する。この測定は、少なくとも明度が測定できるものであれば特に限定されない。明度の測定には、市販の分光測色計４０が好適に利用できる。その具体例としては、コニカミノルタ社製ＣＭ−７００ｄやＣＭ−６００ｄなどが挙げられる。測定波長は、少なくとも可視光域を利用できれば、汚れの評価が適切に行える。可視光域は、例えば３６０〜８３０ｎｍ程度であるが、４００〜７００ｎｍ程度の波長域で実用的な汚れの評価が十分行える。 (Brightness measurement process)
In the lightness measurement process, the optical characteristic value of the surface of the second layer 22 fixed to the flat surface 30 on which the dirt is attached is measured. This measurement is not particularly limited as long as at least the brightness can be measured. A commercially available spectrocolorimeter 40 can be suitably used for measuring the lightness. Specific examples thereof include CM-700d and CM-600d manufactured by Konica Minolta. If at least the visible light range can be used as the measurement wavelength, the stain can be appropriately evaluated. The visible light range is, for example, about 360 to 830 nm, but practical stain evaluation can be sufficiently performed in the wavelength range of about 400 to 700 nm.

明度測定過程では、サランラップ(登録商標)などのラップフィルム５０を用いることが好ましい。例えば、平面３０への固定過程を経た第二層２２の表面をラップフィルム５０で覆い、ラップフィルム５０の上から明度の測定を行う。ラップフィルム５０は、しわが寄ったりしないように第二層２２の表面を覆うことが好ましい。第二層２２の表面をラップフィルム５０で覆うことで、第二層２２からのブレーキダストの脱落及び分光測色計４０へのブレーキダストの付着をより確実に抑制できる。ラップフィルム５０の一例としては、厚さ約１０μｍ、曇り度０．３％程度のものが好適に利用できる。なお、上記剥離過程や平面３０への固定過程ではラップフィルム５０を用いなくてよい。 In the lightness measurement process, it is preferable to use a wrap film 50 such as Saran Wrap (registered trademark). For example, the surface of the second layer 22 that has been fixed to the flat surface 30 is covered with the wrap film 50, and the brightness is measured from above the wrap film 50. The wrap film 50 preferably covers the surface of the second layer 22 so as to prevent wrinkling. By covering the surface of the second layer 22 with the wrap film 50, the fall of the brake dust from the second layer 22 and the adhesion of the brake dust to the spectrocolorimeter 40 can be suppressed more reliably. As an example of the wrap film 50, a film having a thickness of about 10 μm and a haze of about 0.3% can be preferably used. The wrap film 50 may not be used in the peeling process and the fixing process on the flat surface 30.

分光測色計４０は明度、色相、彩度等の光学特性を数値化する。この光学特性の数値化には、Ｌ^＊ａ^＊ｂ^＊表色系（ＪＩＳＺ８７８１−４）、Ｌ^＊ｕ^＊ｖ^＊表色系（ＪＩＳＺ８７８１−５）、ＸＹＺ表色系（ＪＩＳＺ８７０１）などの各種表色系による手法が利用できる。中でもＬ^＊ａ^＊ｂ^＊表色系は、人間の目の感性に近い点から好ましい。Ｌ^＊ａ^＊ｂ^＊表色系は、Ｌ^＊軸、ａ^＊軸、ｂ^＊軸の三次元座標上の値にて色を表現する表色系である。Ｌ^＊軸は明るさを示す明度軸で、０に近いと黒、１００に近いと白を示す。ａ^＊軸は緑から赤を表す。ｂ^＊軸は青から黄を表す。ａ^＊軸、ｂ^＊軸は共に数値が大きいほど彩度が高い。本例で評価を行う汚れはブレーキダストであり、その色は一般に黒色であるため、光学特性のうち、明度を測定できればホイールの汚れの評価が行える。つまり、Ｌ^＊軸の値が小さいとブレーキダストの付着が多く、Ｌ^＊軸の値が大きいとブレーキダストの付着が少ないと評価できる。 The spectrocolorimeter 40 digitizes optical characteristics such as lightness, hue, and saturation. To quantify the optical characteristics, the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (JIS Z 8781-4), the L ^* u ^* v ^* color system (JIS Z 8781-5), the XYZ color system (JIS Z Techniques based on various color systems such as 8701) can be used. Among them, the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system is preferable because it is close to the sensitivity of human eyes. The L ^* a ^* b ^* colorimetric system is a colorimetric system that expresses colors with values on the three-dimensional coordinates of the L ^* axis, the a ^* axis, and the b ^* axis. The L ^* axis is a lightness axis showing the brightness, and black is shown near 0 and white is shown near 100. The a ^* axis represents green to red. The b ^* axis represents blue to yellow. a ^* axis, b ^* axis is both the higher the saturation value is large. The stain evaluated in this example is brake dust, and its color is generally black. Therefore, if the lightness of the optical characteristics can be measured, the stain on the wheel can be evaluated. That, the L ^* axis adhesion value is less brake dust is large, can be evaluated as the value of the L ^* axis is large, little adhesion of brake dust.

明度の測定は、平面３０上に固定した第二層２２の一箇所のみで行っても良いし、複数箇所の測定値を平均することとしても良い。いずれにおいても、ブレーキを変えて本例の評価方法を行う場合、第二層２２の同じ位置で明度の測定を行うことが望ましい。 The brightness may be measured at only one location of the second layer 22 fixed on the flat surface 30, or the measurement values at a plurality of locations may be averaged. In any case, when the evaluation method of this example is performed by changing the brake, it is desirable to measure the lightness at the same position on the second layer 22.

［ブレーキの変更］
以上の初期過程、汚れ付着過程、及び測定過程を含む一連の評価方法は、ブレーキを変えて繰り返し行うことで、ブレーキ毎のホイール１０に対する汚れの付着状況を比較して評価することができる。ブレーキの変更対象には、例えばディスク及びパッドの少なくとも一方が含まれる。 [Change of brake]
A series of evaluation methods including the initial process, the dirt adhesion process, and the measurement process described above can be repeated by changing the brakes, and the dirt adhesion status on the wheel 10 for each brake can be compared and evaluated. The brake change target includes, for example, at least one of a disc and a pad.

［汚れの評価］
汚れの評価を行うには、基準となる明度の値を選定し、その基準に対する測定値の差異からブレーキダストの付着量を適切に評価することができる。基準の選定は、例えば次のように行う。まず、メーカーの異なる複数の既存ブレーキの各々を用いて、上記の汚れ評価方法を実施する。図３は、Ａ社の４種類、Ｂ社の４種類、Ｃ社の３種類の各ブレーキを用いてホイール１０に対するブレーキダストの付着状況を評価した結果を示すグラフである。グラフの縦軸は、捕集部材２０における第二層２２の表面の明度の値を示し、横軸に各社のブレーキの型番を示す。このグラフに示すように、ブレーキ毎に明度の値は異なるが、メーカ間で明度がほぼ同じ値を示すブレーキがある。よって、この汚れの評価結果から明度が実質的に同じであったブレーキを各メーカーごとの基準材として選択できる。各メーカの基準材は、例えば明度値の最大差が５以下、特に３以下となるものを選択することが挙げられる。本例では、上記最大差が３以下である。その基準材を用いて測定された明度値のうち最小の明度値を示す値や、各メーカの基準材の明度値を平均した値や、各メーカの基準材の明度値を最小二乗法で近似化した値を基準明度値とすればよい。ここでは、ブレーキＡ３、ブレーキＢ１、ブレーキＣ３を各社の基準材としている。グラフでは各メーカの基準材の明度値の最小値（ここではＣ３の値）を基準明度値として水平線で示す。このように選択された基準明度値は、メーカの異なるブレーキであっても、共通する絶対的な基準として利用することができる。そのため、異なるメーカーで新たに開発されたブレーキなど、汚れの評価を未実施のブレーキであっても、未実施のブレーキの各々について上記の汚れ評価方法を実施し、その評価結果を基準材の評価結果(基準明度値)と比較すればよい。この比較により、ホイール１０に対するブレーキダストの付着が基準材よりも多いか少ないかを定量的に精度よく判断することができる。なお、各社のブレーキに明度値の共通するものがない場合、例えば明度値の最大差が５超となる場合であっても、各社のブレーキの中から最も明度値の差が小さいものを基準材として選択すればよい。これら各基準材の明度値の最小値、平均値、又は上記近似値を基準明度値としてもよい。 [Evaluation of dirt]
In order to evaluate the stain, a lightness value serving as a reference can be selected, and the amount of the adhered brake dust can be appropriately evaluated from the difference between the measured values and the reference. The standard is selected as follows, for example. First, the above dirt evaluation method is carried out using each of a plurality of existing brakes of different manufacturers. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of evaluating the adhesion state of brake dust to the wheel 10 by using each of four types of brakes of company A, four types of company B, and three types of company C. The vertical axis of the graph shows the value of the brightness of the surface of the second layer 22 in the collection member 20, and the horizontal axis shows the model number of the brake of each company. As shown in this graph, there are brakes that have the same brightness value among manufacturers, although the brightness value differs for each brake. Therefore, it is possible to select, as a reference material for each manufacturer, a brake having substantially the same lightness from the evaluation result of the dirt. As a reference material of each maker, for example, a material having a maximum difference in brightness value of 5 or less, particularly 3 or less may be selected. In this example, the maximum difference is 3 or less. A value showing the minimum brightness value among the brightness values measured using that reference material, a value obtained by averaging the brightness values of the reference materials of each manufacturer, and an approximation of the brightness values of the reference materials of each manufacturer by the least squares method. The converted value may be used as the reference brightness value. Here, the brake A3, the brake B1, and the brake C3 are used as reference materials for each company. In the graph, the minimum value (here, the value of C3) of the brightness value of the reference material of each maker is shown as the reference brightness value by a horizontal line. The reference brightness value thus selected can be used as a common absolute reference even for brakes made by different manufacturers. Therefore, even if a brake has not been evaluated for dirt, such as a brake newly developed by a different manufacturer, the above dirt evaluation method is performed for each brake that has not been evaluated, and the evaluation result is used as the reference material. Compare with the result (reference brightness value). By this comparison, it is possible to quantitatively and accurately determine whether the adhesion of the brake dust to the wheel 10 is larger or smaller than that of the reference material. If the brakes of each company do not have the same brightness value, for example, even if the maximum difference in brightness value is more than 5, the one with the smallest difference in brightness value among the brakes of each company is the reference material. You can select as. The minimum value, the average value, or the approximate value of the brightness values of each of these reference materials may be used as the reference brightness value.

［作用効果］
（１）上記の実施形態に係るホイール１０の汚れ評価方法は、積層構造の捕集部材２０の表面に汚れを付着させ、捕集部材２０の一部である第二層２２を第一層２１から剥離し、平面３０に固定してから第二層２２の表面の明度を測定する。よって、捕集部材２０の貼り付け箇所が曲面を含む場合であっても、人の感覚に頼ることなく、精度よく捕集部材２０の表面の明度を測定することができる。特に、小さな曲率の曲面を有するホイール１０や、曲率の異なる複数の曲面を有するホイール１０であっても、客観的かつ定量的に汚れを評価することができる。 [Effect]
(1) In the dirt evaluation method for the wheel 10 according to the above-described embodiment, dirt is attached to the surface of the collecting member 20 having a laminated structure, and the second layer 22 that is a part of the collecting member 20 is changed to the first layer 21. Then, the surface of the second layer 22 is measured and the brightness of the second layer 22 is measured. Therefore, even if the location where the collection member 20 is attached includes a curved surface, the brightness of the surface of the collection member 20 can be accurately measured without depending on the human sense. In particular, even with the wheel 10 having a curved surface with a small curvature or the wheel 10 having a plurality of curved surfaces with different curvatures, it is possible to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the stain.

（２）両面粘着テープの剥離層を第二層２２として利用することで、ブレーキダストが過度に第二層２２に付着することがなく、適切にホイール１０の汚れを評価することができる。また、この剥離層は第一層２１である粘着層から容易に剥がすことができ、剥離時のブレーキダストの脱落を抑制できる。 (2) By using the release layer of the double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape as the second layer 22, the brake dust can be prevented from excessively adhering to the second layer 22, and the dirt of the wheel 10 can be appropriately evaluated. Further, this peeling layer can be easily peeled off from the adhesive layer which is the first layer 21, and the fall of brake dust at the time of peeling can be suppressed.

（３）捕集部材２０の貼り付け位置をホイール１０のリム部１２の内周面でディスク部１１の近傍とすることで、適切に汚れの評価を行うことができる。この位置では、捕集部材２０における汚れの付着のばらつきが小さいからである。 (3) When the collecting member 20 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the rim portion 12 of the wheel 10 in the vicinity of the disk portion 11, the dirt can be appropriately evaluated. This is because, at this position, the variation in adhesion of dirt on the collection member 20 is small.

（４）メーカの異なるブレーキであっても、予めメーカ毎で明度の値が共通するブレーキを基準材として選定しておくことで、その基準材を用いて測定された明度値を基準明度値とすることができる。よって、評価を未実施の新たなブレーキの各々について上記の汚れ評価方法を実施すれば、その評価結果を基準材の評価結果（基準明度値）と比較することで、ホイール１０に対するブレーキダストの付着が基準材よりも多いか少ないかを定量的に精度よく判断することができる。 (4) Even if the brakes are manufactured by different manufacturers, the brightness value measured using the reference material is used as the reference brightness value by selecting a brake having a common brightness value for each manufacturer in advance. can do. Therefore, if the above-described dirt evaluation method is performed for each of the new brakes that have not been evaluated, by comparing the evaluation result with the evaluation result (reference lightness value) of the reference material, the adhesion of the brake dust to the wheel 10 is performed. It is possible to quantitatively and accurately determine whether there is more or less than the reference material.

（５）明度測定過程でラップフィルム５０を用いることで、第二層２２からブレーキダストが脱落したり、ブレーキダストが分光測色計４０に付着したりすることを抑制できる。 (5) By using the wrap film 50 in the lightness measurement process, it is possible to prevent the brake dust from falling off the second layer 22 and the brake dust from adhering to the spectrocolorimeter 40.

［変形例］
なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。上記の実施形態では、第二層２２として両面粘着テープの剥離層を用いたが、付着する汚れの種類によっては、両面粘着テープの粘着層を第二層２２とすることもできる。汚れの種類には、ブレーキダストのような粒状の固体の他、有色の液体や、液体と粒状体の混合物であってもよい。また、上記の実施形態では、汚れの評価は明度の測定結果により行ったが、明度に加えて、又は明度の代わりに色相及び彩度の少なくとも一方を用いて汚れを評価してもよい。この色相及び彩度に対応するパラメータとしては、例えばＬ^＊ａ^＊ｂ^＊表色系のａ^＊軸及びｂ^＊軸の各値の少なくとも一方が挙げられる。その他、第二層２２の材質をホイール１０と同一又は類似の材質とすることで、実際の車両部品への汚れの付着状況を第二層２２の表面により正確に模擬することができる。例えば、ホイール１０がアルミニウム合金であれば、同一又は同系統のアルミニウム合金箔を第二層２２とすることが挙げられる。 [Modification]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these exemplifications, and is shown by the scope of the claims, and is intended to include meanings equivalent to the scope of the claims and all modifications within the scope. Although the release layer of the double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is used as the second layer 22 in the above-described embodiment, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape may be the second layer 22 depending on the type of dirt to be attached. The type of dirt may be a colored solid or a mixture of liquid and particles, as well as a granular solid such as brake dust. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the stain is evaluated based on the lightness measurement result, but the stain may be evaluated in addition to the lightness or by using at least one of the hue and the saturation in place of the lightness. Examples of the parameter corresponding to the hue and the saturation include at least one of the values of the a ^* axis and the b ^* axis of the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system. In addition, by setting the material of the second layer 22 to be the same as or similar to that of the wheel 10, it is possible to more accurately simulate the actual state of adhesion of dirt to vehicle parts on the surface of the second layer 22. For example, when the wheel 10 is an aluminum alloy, the same or similar aluminum alloy foil may be used as the second layer 22.

本発明の実施の形態に係る車両部品の汚れ評価方法は、例えばブレーキダストの発生量が少ないブレーキの開発や、ブレーキダストが付着し難いホイールの開発などにおいて、ホイールのブレーキダストの付着度合いを定量的に評価することに利用できる。 The method for evaluating the contamination of vehicle parts according to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, in the development of a brake with a small amount of generated brake dust, in the development of a wheel to which the brake dust is hard to adhere, the adhesion degree of the brake dust of the wheel is quantified. Can be used to evaluate

１０ホイール
１１ディスク部
１２リム部
２０捕集部材
２１第一層
２２第二層
３０平面
４０分光測色計
５０ラップフィルム 10 Wheel 11 Disk Part 12 Rim Part 20 Collection Member 21 First Layer 22 Second Layer 30 Plane 40 Spectral Colorimeter 50 Wrap Film

Claims

A process of attaching a collecting member to which dirt is attached to the surface of a vehicle part,
A step of attaching dirt to the surface of the collecting member attached to the vehicle part;
And a step of measuring an optical characteristic value of the surface of the collecting member on which dirt is attached,
The collecting member is
A first layer adhered to the vehicle component,
A second layer releasably laminated to the first layer,
The process of measuring the optical characteristic value,
A step of peeling the second layer from the collecting member on which dirt is attached,
Fixing the second layer on a plane,
Measuring the optical characteristic value of the surface of the second layer fixed on the flat surface.