JP2020069454A - Electric pulse disassembly method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method for disassembling an object formed by joining or bonding an insulator and a conductor, efficiently into the insulator and the conductor.SOLUTION: A plurality of electrodes 9, 10 are allowed to abut on separated positions on the surface of an object 2 formed by joining or bonding an insulator and a conductor, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes 9, 10, to thereby disassemble the object 2 into the insulator and the conductor. Otherwise, a thin wire comprising a good conductor is arranged on a joining part or a bonding part of the object 2 formed by joining or bonding the insulator and the conductor, and a voltage is applied to both ends of the thin wire, to thereby disassemble the object 2 into the insulator and the conductor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric pulse disassembly method for disassembling an object in which an insulator and a conductor are combined or joined by an electric pulse.

  Communication terminals, home appliances, and the like that are no longer used due to breakdowns or changes in the product life cycle are required to be disassembled and disassembled for recycling or reuse after being collected by a trader. Conventionally, this type of work is often physically disassembled by a crusher or the like after being manually disassembled. However, such work requires a lot of manpower, and there is a problem in recycling and reuse of the member after dismantling.

  Under these circumstances, various methods have recently been proposed for decomposing an object by causing pulsed power discharge in a liquid.

  For example, Patent Document 1 describes the following invention. A series of discharges is generated between at least two electrodes in a reactor containing the surrounding liquid and the material and / or product to be reused, said series of discharges resulting in the energy, frequency of the discharges and the electrodes. A method for reusing pulsed power of a material and / or product that produces a mechanical shock wave that propagates throughout the material and / or product to be treated in the reactor with a voltage and a switching time between Then, after the first step of weakening by the generated mechanical shock wave, the energy of the discharge, the voltage between the electrodes that generate the discharge, and the switching so that the discharge crushes the material by the direct effect of the discharge. A method of exposing said material and / or product to a series of discharges of selected time and discharge frequency.

  Further, Patent Document 2 describes the following invention. What is claimed is: 1. A method of comminuting a non-metallic component or a solid that is partially condensed from a metallic component and subdividing the homogeneous non-metallic solid by rapidly discharging an electrical energy storage device, wherein the solid is non-conductive or The processing liquid is immersed in a weakly conductive processing liquid, and the processing liquid is contained in a container, and in the processing liquid, a device composed of a high-voltage electrode and an earth electrode is composed of the processing liquid and a solid. In a method of the type in which the electrodes project into the mixture and the ends of the electrodes are spaced apart from each other, there is a predetermined step between the ends of the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode. A method in which a voltage pulse is applied and a solid is crushed and subdivided by a shock wave generated in a liquid.

  Further, Patent Document 3 describes the following invention. A method for fragmenting and / or weakening a pourable material using a high-voltage discharge, comprising: a) corresponding to one or more high-voltage generators, Providing an electrode unit capable of supplying a high-voltage pulse, b) guiding a material stream comprising a pourable material, by means of a conveying device carrying said material stream, by the side of said electrode unit, Immersing the material stream in a treatment liquid; and c) applying a high voltage pulse to the electrode unit while guiding the material stream past the electrode unit to provide a high voltage. Causing a dielectric breakdown by penetrating the material flow, each electrode of the electrode unit is immersed in the treatment liquid from above, and the dielectric breakdown due to the high voltage is interrupted. Wherein each electrode is caused is opposed at a predetermined electrode distance in the transverse directions relative to the material passing through the guide direction, a method for the possible materials to fragmentation and / or weakening pouring.

  Further, Patent Document 4 discloses the following invention. What is claimed is: 1. A method for disassembling a substrate or an article including the substrate by discharging a plurality of times in a liquid, comprising: a container for holding a liquid; a positive electrode and a ground electrode in the liquid in the container. And a discharge path between the positive electrode and the ground electrode in the liquid, or a state in which the substrate or an article including the substrate is installed in a region where a shock wave generated by the discharge propagates, the discharge during the discharge A method for disassembling an article, which comprises measuring a peak value of a discharge current flowing through a path and controlling discharge conditions so that the measured peak value of the discharge current becomes constant.

  However, all of the inventions described in the above patent documents are disassembled in a liquid medium such as water and not disassembled in the atmosphere. Further, none of the inventions has high randomness with respect to the discharge path, and is not selectively or locally disassembled. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to selectively and locally disassemble a specific part of an object having a certain size.

  Furthermore, if the entire object is disassembled by increasing the number of high voltage pulse irradiations, the object will be crushed more finely than necessary. For example, when the printed circuit board is disassembled by the conventional technique, the state of the left side shown in FIG. 9 changes to the state of the right side. As the unnecessary parts are finely dismantled in this way, there is a problem that the amount of energy required for dismantling increases.

  In addition, the function of the disassembled component may be impaired by receiving a large shock wave in the liquid, which causes a problem when the component is reused.

Special table 2012-517892 gazette JP-A-9-75769 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2018-506429 JP, 2017-104796, A

  In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a disassembling method capable of selectively and locally disassembling a specific portion of an object having a certain size, and capable of disassembling even in the atmosphere. And Another object of the present invention is to provide a disassembling method which requires less energy for dismantling and can be disassembled in a short time.

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of electrodes are brought into contact with each other at positions separated from each other on a surface of an object in which an insulator and a conductor are combined or joined, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes to make the object an insulator and a conductor. It is an electric pulse dismantling method characterized by being decomposed into

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the electric pulse disassembling method according to the first aspect, the conductor is a fastening member or a joining member.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the electric pulse disassembling method according to the first aspect, the insulator is a printed wiring board.

  According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in the electric pulse disassembling method according to the first aspect, the object is a mobile communication terminal.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the electric pulse disassembling method according to the first aspect, the object is a constituent member of a refrigerator.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a thin wire made of a good conductor is provided at a joining portion or a joining portion of an object in which an insulator and a conductor are joined or joined, and a voltage is applied to both ends of the thin wire to remove the object. It is an electric pulse disassembling method characterized by decomposing into an insulator and a conductor.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to selectively and locally dismantle a specific portion of an object having a certain size. Further, since it can be disassembled not only in a liquid such as water but also in the air, a container for injecting the liquid is not required. Furthermore, the number of pulse irradiations required for disassembly and the amount of energy consumed are small, and disassembly work can be performed in a short time. Further, the function of the disassembled parts is less likely to be impaired, and the reuse rate of the disassembled functional parts can be improved.

It is a drawing showing a schematic structure of the present invention. It is drawing which shows the disassembly of the target object by 1st Embodiment. It is drawing which shows the disassembly of the target object by 2nd Embodiment. It is drawing which shows the disassembly of the target object by 3rd Embodiment. It is drawing which shows before the disassembly of the target object by 4th Embodiment. It is drawing which shows the object after disassembly by 4th Embodiment. It is drawing which shows the object after disassembly by 5th Embodiment. It is drawing which shows the object after disassembly by 5th Embodiment. It is drawing which shows the disassembly of the target object by a prior art.

  The disassembly principle by the electric pulse method is already known, but it will be briefly described as follows. It is possible to disassemble the object by irradiating it with a high voltage pulse (1) Progress of streamer → Dielectric breakdown → Micro explosion due to arc discharge → Generation of tensile force due to difference in acoustic impedance, (2) Air Alternatively, it is due to a shock wave from a medium such as water.

  The present invention uses this electric pulse method, in which a pair of electrodes are brought into contact with each other at spaced positions on the surface of an object to be disassembled, and a pulsed high voltage is applied between the electrodes to dismantle the object. Is. One feature is that the principle of (1) and the principle of (2) are used together to achieve harmony.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the present invention. The high-voltage pulse generator 1 used in the present invention is not a novel one, and a known high-voltage pulse generator can be used. For example, a high voltage pulse generator using a Marx booster circuit described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-139090 can be used.

  In the case of disassembling relatively large household appliances, it is possible to disassemble the object 2 while it is still on the floor or workbench 3, but when disassembling a mobile communication terminal or the like. Preferably holds the object 2 on a workbench 3.

  If the number of objects 2 to be disassembled is small, the object 2 can be clamped using a vise, but if the number of objects 2 to be disassembled is large, a dedicated workbench 3 is used. Is preferred. As shown in FIG. 1, the work table 3 is composed of a base 4 and a pair of holding tools 5, 6 provided on the base 4. One of the pair of holding tools 5, 6 is fixed on the base 4, and the other holding tool 6 is slidable on the base 4.

  In order to improve the work efficiency of disassembling, it is preferable to slide the holding tool 6 and hold the target object 2 using a pneumatic device. The workbench 3 is surrounded by a metal plate or a resin plate in order to ensure safety.

  A pair of electrodes 9 and 10 is connected to the output terminal of the high voltage pulse generator 1 by using cables 7 and 8. Positive and negative electrodes can be independently arranged in the pair of electrodes 9 and 10, and the electrodes 9 and 10 can be brought into contact with arbitrary positions on the surface of the object 2 to be disassembled. Specifically, the positive electrode 9 and the negative electrode 10 are held by separate holders (not shown), and the holders are fixed to the workbench 3 by a magnet or the like. Therefore, each electrode can be easily brought into contact with an arbitrary position on the surface of the object 2. That is, the pair of electrodes 9 and 10 can be brought into contact with the front and back surfaces of the object 2 separately, and the pair of electrodes 9 and 10 can be brought into contact with the same surface of the object 2 easily. It is like this.

  Further, in the present invention, since a container for injecting the liquid medium is not required, the work of bringing the pair of electrodes 9 and 10 into contact with an arbitrary position of the object 2 can be easily performed.

[First Embodiment]
The photograph in the upper part of FIG. 2 shows a state of a used home electric appliance before the dismantling of the relatively small member remaining after disassembling it into large parts by manual work or the like. Metal screws 12 are joined to two positions of a rod-shaped resin member 11.

  The lower photograph of FIG. 2 shows a state in which the relatively small member of the used home electric appliance has been disassembled according to the present invention. A pair of electrodes are brought into contact with both sides of the resin member 11 to which the metal screw 12 is coupled, and a high voltage pulse of 45 kV is irradiated only once. Despite being carried out in the atmosphere, one of the metal screws 12 is disassembled from the resin member 11. The location where the electrode is abutted is preferably in the vicinity of the metal screw 12 coupled to the resin member 11, but even if it is not possible to abut the vicinity of the metal screw 12 by circumstances, by applying a high voltage pulse several times. Can be dismantled. Since the portion of the resin member 11 to which the metal screw 12 is coupled is locally dismantled, the energy required for dismantling and the dismantling time can be reduced.

[Second Embodiment]
The photograph in the upper half of FIG. 3 shows a state in which a pair of electrodes for irradiating a high-voltage pulse are brought into contact with the back lid surface of the resin casing 13 of the calculator, and only the back lid is locally disassembled. .. A single high voltage pulse of 35 kV was applied in the atmosphere. It can be seen that although the operation switch button and the LED display provided on the surface of the housing 13 are removed, the entire shape of the housing 13 is not disassembled.

  The photograph in the lower half of FIG. 3 shows a state of the printed circuit board 14 taken out from the inside of the housing 13 after the housing 13 is locally disassembled. The printed circuit board 14 maintained the original shape as a whole, and the mounted electronic components also maintained the initial state. According to this embodiment, the mechanical components of the calculator and the printed circuit board 14 can be easily separated. Therefore, pretreatment for recovering expensive metals such as gold and silver used for the printed circuit board 14 can be performed at low cost.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 4 is an external view showing an example of the mobile communication terminal 15. Although the mobile communication terminal 15 has a short product life cycle and various types are available on the market, many mobile communication terminals are equipped with an in-camera, an outer camera and a speaker. The image pickup device and speaker used in these cameras are relatively expensive parts, and there is a demand for reuse after functional inspection after disassembly.

  In order to disassemble the image pickup device and the speaker mounted on the mobile communication terminal 15 without impairing the functions of the image pickup device and the speaker, it is effective to contact the pair of electrodes, which emit high voltage pulses, with some distance from the image pickup device and the speaker. is there. On the other hand, if the distance between the electrodes is increased and they come into contact with each other, the mobile communication terminal 15 cannot be disassembled unless the applied voltage of the pulse is increased. It has been found that the following conditions are appropriate when the pair of electrodes is brought into contact with the display surface of the mobile communication terminal 15 to be disassembled. When the high voltage pulse of 35 kV is irradiated only once, if the distance between the electrodes is set to 30 mm to 50 mm, it can be disassembled without impairing the functions of the image sensor and the speaker. It was also found that when the electrode distance was set to 70 mm and the applied voltage was increased to 45 kV for disassembly, the function of the speaker was not impaired, but the function of the image sensor was often impaired. From the above, when the high voltage pulse of 35 kV is irradiated only once, it is preferable to set the inter-electrode distance to 30 mm to 50 mm.

[Fourth Embodiment]
In recent years, glass door panels 16 have been adopted in high-grade refrigerators. FIG. 5 shows the appearance of the glass door panel 16 removed from the small refrigerator. The glass door panel 16 uses a glass plate on the front surface, but the other surface is made of resin. Then, the interior of the glass door panel 16 is filled with urethane resin 17 as a heat insulating material. In addition, the mating surface between the glass plate and the resin case frame is firmly bonded by an adhesive sheet to ensure high heat insulation performance. It is difficult to dismantle the glass door panel 16 thus strongly joined by the laser cutting method which is a conventional dismantling technique, and the dismantling method has not been determined yet.

  FIG. 6 shows a state after the glass door panel 16 shown in FIG. 5 is irradiated with a high voltage pulse and disassembled. In this example, a pair of electrodes are separated by 70 mm and are brought into contact with the surface of a glass plate, and a high voltage pulse of 45 kV is applied between the electrodes 15 times. The bonding strength of the mating surface between the glass plate and the resin case frame varies greatly depending on the refrigerator manufacturer. In the case of a manufacturer with weak bonding strength, even a high-voltage pulse under the same conditions may be disassembled by irradiation several times. However, the glass door panel 16 of any manufacturer can be surely disassembled by irradiating the high voltage pulse about 15 times.

[Fifth Embodiment]
In the embodiment described above, the plurality of electrodes are brought into contact with each other at spaced positions on the surface of the object in which the insulator and the conductor are combined or joined, and a pulsed high voltage is applied between the electrodes so that the object is insulated. It was a dismantling method by arc discharge that decomposes into a conductor.

  By the way, there is a fine wire explosion method for generating a shock wave and propagating the shock wave through a medium such as air or water to dismantle an object. The fine wire explosion method itself has been known for a long time, and generally, a copper wire or an aluminum wire with a diameter of about 1 mm is discharged at a stretch with the electric charge charged in a capacitor with a large capacitance. The aluminum wire is exploded to obtain the necessary impact force.

  FIG. 7 is a photograph showing a state of the glass door panel 16 disassembled by applying the thin wire explosion method to the glass door panel 16 of the refrigerator described in the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, an aluminum wire (not shown) having a diameter of 0.9 mm and a length of 300 mm is embedded between the glass plate and the housing, and a capacitor having a capacitance of 40 μF is charged at 15 kV, and then both ends of the aluminum wire are charged. In contrast, they are discharged at a stroke and exploded. It can be seen that one aluminum wire as a thin metal wire is buried in the central portion along the longitudinal direction of the glass door panel 16 and is disassembled without excess or deficiency including the urethane resin 17 which is a heat insulating member.

  FIG. 8 is an embodiment similar to FIG. 7, but differs from the example of FIG. 7 only in that the diameter of the thin metal wire is 1.2 mm. It can be seen that the influence of the difference in diameter of the embedded metal wires is not small. Since this fine wire explosion method can be locally dismantled, the amount of energy required for dismantling is small, and a large energy-saving effect can be obtained by applying it to an easily disassembled design in which metal thin wires are arranged in advance at the product design stage. You can

  Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the disassembly object of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned object. It can also be applied to dismantle other products such as toys, daily necessities, and industrial equipment. In short, the present invention can be applied to any object in which an insulator and a conductor are combined or joined.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the disassembling method in the atmosphere has been described, but the present invention can be applied to the disassembling method in the liquid medium as in the conventional technique.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The electric pulse disassembly method according to the present invention can be used for disassembly of home appliances, mobile communication terminals, and the like that are no longer used due to a failure or a change in product life cycle.

2 Target 9,10 electrodes
12 Fastening member (metal screw)
14 printed circuit board
15 Mobile communication terminal
16 Joining member (glass door panel, refrigerator component)

Claims (6)

  A plurality of electrodes are brought into contact with each other at spaced positions on the surface of the object to which the insulator and the conductor are bonded or joined, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes to decompose the object into the insulator and the conductor. Electric pulse dismantling method.   The electric pulse disassembling method according to claim 1, wherein the conductor is a fastening member or a joining member.   The electrical pulse disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein the insulator is a printed wiring board.   The electric pulse disassembling method according to claim 1, wherein the object is a mobile communication terminal.   The electric pulse disassembling method according to claim 1, wherein the object is a constituent member of a refrigerator.   A thin wire made of a good conductor is provided at a joint or a joint of an object in which an insulator and a conductor are combined or joined, and a voltage is applied to both ends of the thin wire to decompose the object into an insulator and a conductor. An electric pulse disassembly method characterized by the above.