JP2020067279A - Tree health evaluation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a tree health evaluation method which is an inexpensive and simple method and is easy to determine rot and hollow for solving the problem in which: in tree health evaluation, a device for a nondestructive method is expensive and a device made in Germany for a resistographic method is expensive.SOLUTION: A tree health evaluation method comprises drilling into a tree with a rotary drill 1 to collect cut powder TPn and determining health on the basis of at least one of comparison of color Cn$ and comparison of weight Wn between the collected cut powder TPn and that of a normal tree.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a tree soundness evaluation method, and more particularly to a tree soundness evaluation method in which a rotating drill is inserted to collect chips and the soundness is determined by the collected chips.

  Various kinds of trees such as roadside trees, forests, and trees planted in parks and private gardens are subjected to sound evaluation of decay and cavities in order to prevent debilitating, dying and collapsing. In particular, it is very important to evaluate the soundness of trees in the future because it is a big problem that trees that look healthy in appearance suddenly collapse due to gusts caused by recent abnormal weather. There are non-destructive and destructive methods for this soundness evaluation.

  As a non-destructive method, as shown in FIG. 10 of Patent Document 1, the impact when a nail is hit with a hammer is measured by an accelerometer 18, and the sound is transmitted quickly in a healthy portion 26, and a vibration wave occurs when there is a cavity. There is an inspection method of a percussive sound that judges the soundness by utilizing the property of being transmitted late by detouring, and as shown in Patent Documents 2 and 3, ultrasonic waves are used to determine decay and the size of cavities. There is an inspection method for investigating, and as disclosed in Patent Document 4, there is an inspection method for determining the degree of tree decay by radiation.

  As a destruction method, as shown in FIG. 6 of Patent Document 5, Patent Document 6 and Non-Patent Document 1, a tree is perforated with a drill to cause decay due to a perforation resistance value due to a torque change, a current change or a rotation speed change. There is a resist graph method that examines cavities.

JP, 2002-345339, A Japanese Patent No. 3919015 JP, 2009-276063, A Japanese Patent No. 2997764 JP-A-52-152786 JP, 2010-8258, A

Japan Greenery Center Homepage, Title "Present situation and issues of tree diagnosis with precision instruments" Author: Toshihiro Yamada, [Search on September 5, 2018], Internet <URL: http://www.jpgreen.or.jp/kyoukyu_jyouhou /gijyutsu/j_shindan/pdf/06_200808yamada.pdf〉

However, all of these nondestructive methods have a problem that the device is expensive. Further, the resist graph method also has a problem that it is an expensive German-made device. Although trees decay to become hollow, early detection of decay before hollowing is very important to improve soundness. However, since the non-destructive method and the resist graph method do not judge directly by looking at the trees, it is possible to know the hollowed state and the state where decay has progressed, but it is not easy to detect decay early. was there.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an evaluation method that is an inexpensive and simple method and that can easily determine decay and cavities.

  In order to solve the above problems, the method for assessing the integrity of a tree according to one aspect of the present invention is to collect cutting chips by piercing a rotating drill, and at least one of the color or weight of the collected cutting chips. The feature is that the soundness is determined based on this.

With this, since the soundness is determined based on at least one of the color and the weight of the chips collected by the drill, there is no need for a hit detection means or an ultrasonic wave, radiation, or a drilling resistance detection means, which is inexpensive. It will be a simple method.
Further, when judging the soundness based on the color of the chips, the actual color can be visually inspected, so that the deterioration can be easily judged and the deterioration can be detected early.

  When judging the soundness based on the weight of the chips, the judgment is made by a numerical value, and therefore there is little human judgment error. In addition, the holes drilled extend diagonally upward, so it is difficult for rainwater to enter. It is also possible to inspect in rain.

  Further, in the tree health evaluation method of the present invention, it is preferable to judge the health based on the comparison with the normal tree having the color of the collected chips and the normal tree having the weight.

  From this, decay is determined by the color of the chips, and the weight of the chips makes a hollow. Since trees decay to become hollow, it is possible to make a comprehensive judgment by judging both decay and hollow.

  Further, in the tree health evaluation method of the present invention, it is preferable that the drill is inserted obliquely upward. As a result, the drilled hole extends diagonally upward, so rainwater does not easily enter after the inspection. Also, it is possible to inspect in rain.

  In addition, in the method for evaluating the soundness of trees according to the present invention, it is preferable to embed cork in the hole formed by the drill. As a result, it is possible to prevent insects such as ants from infiltrating through the holes drilled. It is also possible to adopt a method of closing the hole by using something other than cork.

It is a flowchart which shows the principal part of the tree health evaluation method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the collection method of a chip. It is a flowchart which shows the method of a color investigation. It is a flowchart which shows the method of a weight survey. A is a cross-sectional view showing a method for collecting wood chips with a drill according to an embodiment of the present invention, and B is a cross-sectional view showing a cork that closes a hole of the drill. A is an image of measuring a trunk diameter at a height at which a drill is inserted, B is an image of inserting a drill, and C is an image of collected chips. A is a table showing judgment of color alone, B is a table showing judgment of weight alone, and C is a table showing comprehensive judgment of actual measurement.

  Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, but the embodiments shown below are not intended to limit the present invention to the ones described herein, and the present invention The invention can be equally applied to various modifications without departing from the technical idea shown in the claims. In addition, in each drawing used for the description in this specification, in order to make each member a size that can be recognized in the drawing, the scale is different for each member, and it is not always shown. It is not displayed in proportion to the size of.

[Embodiment]
In the present embodiment, the roadside tree is evaluated to be healthy, and the tree 1 is planted on the sidewalk adjacent to the road. The roots of this tree 1 are pressed by a car, damaged by regular pruning, and damaged by pests and diseases. Therefore, a sound evaluation for decay and cavities is required.

  A soundness evaluation method for the tree Tn according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a main part of a tree Tn soundness evaluation method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a subroutine showing the sampling method of steps S2 and S3 of FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a sub-routine showing the color checking method in step S5 of FIG. FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a subroutine showing the weight survey method in step S6 of FIG. FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a method of collecting chips TPn of the trunk TSn of the tree Tn by the drill 1, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view showing cork TCn that closes the hole THn opened by the drill 1. 6A is an image of measuring the stem diameter Dn in step S12 of FIG. 2, FIG. 6B is an image of chip collection in step S14 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 6C is an image of chip TPn sampled in FIG. 6B. Is. FIG. 7A is a table showing judgment of color alone, FIG. 7B is a table showing judgment of weight alone, and FIG. 7C is a table showing comprehensive judgment of actual measurement.

  Here, n of the reference symbol Tn of the tree is an integer variable, T0 is the reference tree, T1 is the first tree, T2 is the second tree, ..., T6 is the sixth tree. The same applies to the stem TSn, the chips TPn, the hole THn, the cork TCn, and the stem diameter Dn.

  The flowchart of FIG. 1 will be described. As variables, the number of trees Tn to be evaluated is set to N and its count is set to n. n = 0 indicates the reference tree 1 that is normal, and the initial value of n is 0 (step S1). A normal tree that is considered to be normal is selected from the same row of trees as the tree Tn to be evaluated, is set as the reference tree T0, and the chips P0 of this tree T0 are collected (step S2).

  Regarding the selection of the reference tree T0, it is not always strictly necessary to select one normal tree, but one that seems to be normal in appearance is selected from the group of trees and the chips are collected as described below for confirmation. The reference tree T0 may be selected with. Therefore, for example, it is possible to collect the chips of a plurality of trees and then select the reference tree T0 from among them.

  The process of step S2 is performed by the chip collecting subroutine of FIG. 2 with n = 0. The subroutine shown in FIG. 2 is a subroutine common to step S4 described later in FIG. As a variable, the trunk diameter is set to Dn, and the length at which the drill 1 is inserted (depth of the hole THn) is set to Ln (step S11). As shown in FIG. 5A, Ln is the length of the portion where the drill 1 is entirely inserted into the trunk TSn.

  In the present embodiment, the drill 1 is drilled up to approximately the center of the trunk TSn. For this purpose, the trunk diameter Dn of the predetermined height H is measured using the ruler 2 and the caliper 3 (see FIG. 6A) (step S12). The height H of the trunk TSn to be measured is preferably 50 cm to 80 cm from the ground. Since the trunk TSn is not a perfect circle, it is preferable to measure the trunk diameter Dn in the direction in which the drill 1 is inserted. Further, the diameter of the drill 1 is 5 mm, and the length Ln with which the drill 1 is inserted is half the trunk diameter Dn (step S13).

  Then, the evaluator M inserts the stem 1 from the position of the height H of the trunk TSn while turning the drill 1 with the electric drill driver 4 and tilts the stem TSn obliquely upward by θ in FIG. 5A to insert the stem TSn. (See FIG. 6B) (step S14). As shown in FIG. 5A, the depth of penetration is such that the entire length from the tip of the drill 1 to the portion of length Ln enters the trunk TSn. As a result, the tip 1a of the drill 1 is drilled up to approximately the center of the stem TSn.

  Then, the chips TPn cut out by the drill 1 are inserted (see FIG. 6C) (step S14). In order to prevent the chips TPn scattered at the time of collection from falling to the ground and being lost, the chips 1 are covered with a relatively large bag when the drill 1 is inserted, and the chips TPn collected in this bag are then put into a small bag. By transferring, it is possible to prevent loss of the cutting chips TPn.

  Then, for all the trees Tn, the drills having the same diameter are used, and the drill 1 is inserted with the same height H, the same inclination angle θ, and the same penetration direction. Since the penetration directions are the same, the positional deviation of the core of the trunk TSn, the difference in growth depending on the direction of the sun, the influence of the vehicle, and the like are substantially the same. Further, by obliquely inclining upward as the inclination angle θ, it is possible to prevent rainwater and the like from collecting in the hole THn after the soundness evaluation of the tree.

  Next, the evaluator M implants the cork TCn into the hole THn after collecting the chips TPn to close the hole THn (see FIG. 5B) (step S15). This cork TCn can prevent ants and the like from entering the trunk TSn through the hole THn. In step S2 of FIG. 1, since n is 0, which is the reference, Dn becomes D0 and Ln becomes L0. Then, the sub-routine for collecting chips shown in FIG. 2 is completed, and the process proceeds to step S3 in FIG.

  In step S3 after step S2 in FIG. 1, n, which was 0, is incremented by 1, resulting in n = 1. That is, the tree T1 to be processed becomes the first evaluation tree. In step S4, N = 1 is set and the subroutine for collecting chips shown in FIG. 2 is executed. In this subroutine, the evaluator M measures the trunk diameter D1 of the first evaluation tree (step S12), calculates the length L1 with which the drill 1 is inserted (step S13), and cuts chips TP1 with the drill 1. It collects (step S14), and the process proceeds to step 5 in FIG.

  The process of step 5 is performed by the color check subroutine of FIG. The subroutine of FIG. 3 will be described. Color comparison is set to Cn $ as a character variable (step S21). The evaluator M visually compares the color of the collected chips TPn with the color of the chips TP0 of the reference tree T0. Then, the color comparison Cn $ is selected from the character strings “reference”, “substantially the same color”, “light brown”, “dark brown”, and “black”. When n = 1, Cn $ becomes C1 $. Then, the subroutine of the color check in FIG. 3 is finished, and the process proceeds to step S6 in FIG.

  The process of step 6 is performed by the weight survey subroutine of FIG. The subroutine of FIG. 4 will be described. As variables, the chip weight is set to Wn and the weight ratio is set to Pn (step S31). The evaluator M measures the weight Wn of the collected chips TPn (step S32).

  Then, the weight ratio is calculated (step S33). The weight ratio Pn is the unit weight (Wn / Ln) of the evaluation tree Tn obtained by dividing the weight Wn of the evaluation tree Tn by the length Ln of the evaluation tree Tn, and the weight W0 of the reference tree T0 to the length L0 of the reference tree T0. It is divided by the unit weight (W0 / L0) of the reference tree T0 divided by. That is, Pn = (Wn / Ln) / (W0 / L0), which is expressed as a percentage (%).

  By dividing by Ln or L0, it is possible to compare the weight with the reference tree T0 even if the length Ln with which the drill 1 penetrates is different. Further, since the diameters of the drills 1 are the same, if the specific gravity of the stem TSn is the same, there will be a cavity if the weight ratio is small.

  When the weight survey subroutine of FIG. 4 is completed and n = N is not satisfied (N in step S7), that is, the evaluation tree is not the final tree for evaluation, the process returns to step S3 of FIG. The chip collection (step S4), the color inspection (step S5), and the weight inspection (step S6) are repeated by addition. If n = N in step S7, the evaluator M makes a comprehensive determination and saves the data (step S8).

  Next, the evaluation will be described. As shown in FIG. 7A, when Cn $ = “substantially the same color”, it is determined that the color is not “normal” (rank “A”) and the countermeasure is “observation”. When Cn $ = “light brown”, it is determined that “there is a concern of damage” (rank “B”), and the countermeasure is “fertilization”. When Cn $ = “dark brown”, it is determined that “there is more concern about damage” (rank “C”), and the countermeasure is “fertilization and fallen tree countermeasures”. When Cn $ = "black", it is determined that "there is a risk of falling trees" (rank "D"), and the countermeasure is "cutting". Since the color of the trunk TSn becomes darker as the decay progresses, the degree of decay can be determined by visual comparison with the reference tree T0.

  As shown in FIG. 7B, when Pn ≧ 90, the weight alone without color inspection is determined to be “normal” (rank “A”), and the countermeasure is “observation”. When 70 ≦ Pn <90, it is determined that “there is a concern of damage” (rank “B”), and the countermeasure is “fertilization”. When 50 ≦ Pn <70, it is determined that “there is more concern about damage” (rank “C”), and the countermeasure is “fertilization and fallen tree countermeasures”. When Pn <50, it is determined that there is a risk of falling trees (rank "D"), and the countermeasure is "cutting".

  The amount of chips TPn decreases if there is a cavity when the hole THn is opened by the drill 1. Therefore, the size of the cavity can be checked by comparing the volume of the hole THn and the volume of the cutting chips TPn. However, it is difficult to measure the volume of the chips TPn.

  Therefore, in the evaluation method of the present embodiment, the size of the cavity is determined by the weight Wn, which is easy to measure. That is, since the specific gravity of the chips TPn of the trunk TSn is substantially the same and the diameter of the drill 1 is the same, the weight W0 of the chips TP0 of the reference tree T0 having no cavity and the chips TPn of the evaluation tree Tn are the same. By comparing the weight Wn, the size of the cavity can be examined. At this time, since the penetration length L0 of the drill 1 in the reference tree T0 and the penetration length Ln of the drill 1 in the evaluation tree Tn are different, the weight Wn per unit length Ln is compared.

FIG. 7C is an example of actual measurement by the method of the present invention performed by the present inventor at a certain place. This example of actual measurement is an example of actual measurement based on comprehensive judgment using color survey and weight survey for 6 evaluation trees. In this measurement, 6 trees were evaluated, and in the color comparison, the first tree T1 to the fifth tree were "normal" and the sixth tree T6 was "light brown". In terms of weight ratio, the first tree T1 is 100%, the second tree T1 is 103%, the third tree T1 is 93%, the fourth tree T1 is 105%, the fifth tree T1 is 107%, and the sixth tree T1 is It was 40%.
As a result, the first to fifth trees T1 to T5 were judged to be “normal” in both the color inspection and the weight inspection, and the overall judgment was rank “A”. At this time, the countermeasure is "observation".

  In addition, the sixth tree T6 was C6 $ = “light brown” in the color survey and “suspicious of damage”, but the weight survey was P6 = 40 and the determination was “cutting”, so the overall assessment was Was ranked "D" and the countermeasure was "cutting". In this way, the soundness of trees is comprehensively determined.

  In addition, only the sixth tree T6 had a very low weight ratio Pn as compared to the other trees Tn, but when the sixth tree T6 was actually examined, holes and bark peeling that seemed to be scuttleflies were found. Was done.

  It should be noted that the determination based on the color survey and the weight survey described above is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this. Further, the countermeasure is also an example, and for example, in the above, when the color survey or the weight survey shows “normal” or the comprehensive judgment is rank “A”, the measure is simply “observation”, but the normal fertilization is performed. There is no problem with "fertilization" as well. In this case, the method and type of fertilization may be changed according to the determination result and rank.

  Further, even if it is found that the inside of the tree is healthy at the present time by collecting the chips, for example, there may be a case where a scab disease has occurred on the surface of the tree. In this case, the bark function may be deteriorated, and the nutrients that should go from the roots between the bark trunks to the branches and leaves may not reach to cause leaf litter / branch. Therefore, as a countermeasure, cleaning such as scraping off the disease fungus with a wire brush, applying a protective material such as top gin to the surface, or applying trunk winding to prevent water evaporation, etc. It doesn't matter.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the color of the chips TPn collected by the drill 1 is visually evaluated or evaluated by weight, so that the device may be the drill driver 4. Therefore, there is no need for a hit detection means or an ultrasonic wave, radiation, or drill drilling resistance detection means, and the method is inexpensive and simple.

  In addition, since the evaluator H directly evaluates the degree of decay by visually comparing the color of the cutting chips TPn collected with the drill 1 with the reference tree T0, it is compared with non-destructive ultrasonic waves and radiation that are not directly visible. It is easy to judge the progress of decay, and early detection of decay is possible. If decay can be detected early, countermeasures can be taken early and voids due to the progress of decay can be prevented.

  Further, the evaluator H can evaluate the degree of cavities by comparing the weight Wn of the chips TPn collected by the drill 1 with the reference tree T0. Further, since the weight Wn is measured, there is little variation in evaluation by the evaluator.

  Further, when water enters the trunk TSn through the hole THn, it easily decays, but since the drill 1 is drilled upward, rainwater does not easily enter the trunk TSn through the hole THn. This makes it possible to inspect in rain.

  The collected chips TPn can be used for both color evaluation and weight evaluation. By performing both evaluations, both decay evaluation and cavity evaluation can be performed, and comprehensive soundness evaluation of the tree Tn can be performed.

  The tree soundness evaluation method of the present invention can also be provided as a tree soundness evaluation apparatus that executes a main part of the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 by a program. In this case, for example, in the color survey of FIG. 3, the comparison was made visually, but it is also possible to make the comparison determination by using a chip image taken by using a camera. Such a device is smaller than the device used in the conventional method.

  Further, in the determination of the soundness in the above-described embodiment, the data of the reference tree which is a normal tree was acquired during the color survey and the weight survey, and this data and the data of the evaluation tree were compared each time. It is also possible to sample the data of each type of tree and make a judgment by comparison with the sample. With such a configuration, it is possible to easily perform soundness evaluation even in a place where it is difficult to distinguish a normal tree.

  In addition, it is desirable to prepare a chart for each tree evaluated by the method for assessing the soundness of trees according to the present invention by electronic data or paper data, and periodically check and manage the chart. By doing this, trees such as roadside trees can be grown soundly and safely. The contents of this medical record are not only the date and the result of the soundness evaluation according to the present invention, but also the management number of each tree, the estimated age of the tree, the direction of the sun, the height of the tree, the trunk rotation, and the trunk stretch (for example, how many meters on the sidewalk side. , How many meters on the road side), tree strength, bark damage, etc.

1: Drill Tn: Tree)
TPn: Chips THn: Holes TCn: Cork TSn: Stem Dn: Stem diameter Ln: Length of drill to be drilled Cn $: Color comparison Wn: Weight Pn: Weight ratio H: Height

Claims (4)

Drill a rotating drill to collect chips,
A soundness evaluation method for trees, characterized by judging soundness based on at least one of the color and the weight of the collected chips.   The soundness evaluation method for a tree according to claim 1, wherein the soundness is determined based on a comparison with a normal tree having a color of the collected chips and a normal tree having a weight.   The tree health evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the drill is inserted obliquely upward.   The tree soundness evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein cork is embedded in the hole drilled.