JP2020051006A - Woven and knitted fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fabric having high level of water repellency which is not obtained in the prior art and is accomplished by controlling unevenness on a fabric surface.SOLUTION: A woven and knitted fabric is obtained by fixing a water-repellent agent. The woven and knitted fabric has a contact angle of 140 degrees or more, and satisfies at least one of the following (1) to (3). (1) Structural water repellency parameter 1=H/(LW)≥0.15, where H is height of convex portions (μm) formed on the surface of the woven and knitted fabric, and (LW)is an interval between convex portions (μm). (2) A fiber constituting the convex portions formed on the surface of the woven and knitted fabric is a yarn containing a plurality of single filaments, and the yarn has a void ratio of S≥0.2. (3) The single filament has a modified cross-section ratio of M≥2.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to a woven or knitted fabric.

  As a method of improving water repellency without relying on the components of the water repellent, improvement of water repellency by minute irregularities known as a Lotus effect is known. On the lotus leaf, micro-sized irregularities and finer nano-sized irregularities are formed like a fractal structure.

  Inspired by this phenomenon, a water-repellent material has been proposed in which fine irregularities are formed by attaching fine particles to a substrate such as a film to increase the surface area (see Patent Document 1).

  Further, a water-repellent material has been proposed in which a smooth substrate such as a film is deformed to form fine grooves to increase the surface area (see Patent Document 2). In addition, there has been proposed a method of increasing the surface roughness of a fabric by using a mixed yarn in which a yarn with a fine size and a yarn with a fine size are combined (see Patent Documents 3 and 4).

JP-A-2003-236955 JP 2003-147339 A JP 2000-336545 A JP 2012-122144 A

  However, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 for attaching fine particles to a substrate uses a film or the like as a substrate, and a practical cloth cannot be obtained even if the method is simply diverted to a cloth.

  Further, a practical fabric could not be obtained by simply diverting the method disclosed in Patent Document 2. Further, satisfactory water repellency has not been obtained by the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a fabric having a high level of water repellency, which cannot be obtained by the conventional technology, by forming fractal irregularities of various sizes on the surface of the fabric by using a woven or knitted structure or yarn. .

  The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.

1. A woven or knitted fabric having a water repellent fixed thereto, a contact angle of 140 ° or more, and satisfying at least one of the following (1) to (3).
(1) Structure water repellency parameter 1 = H / (LW) ^1/2 ≧ 0.15
H: Height of protrusions (μm) formed on the surface of the woven or knitted fabric,
(LW) ^1/2 : spacing between protrusions (μm)
(2) The fiber constituting the convex portion formed on the surface of the woven or knitted fabric is a yarn composed of a plurality of single fibers, and the porosity of the yarn is S ≧ 0.2.
(3) Degree of irregular cross section of single fiber M ≧ 2
2. 2. The woven or knitted fabric according to the above item 1, which satisfies the following (4).
(4) Structure water repellency parameter 2: H × S ² / (LW) ^1/2 ≧ 1 × 10 ⁻²
3. 3. The woven or knitted fabric according to the above 1 or 2, which satisfies the following (5).
(5) Structural water-repellent parameter 3: H × S ² × M / (LW) ^1/2 ≧ 0.1

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the cloth which has the high level of water repellency which cannot be obtained by the prior art can be provided by controlling the unevenness of the fabric surface. Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, even when processed with a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms or a water-repellent containing no fluorine atom, the conventional carbon number of 8 or more can be obtained. And a woven or knitted fabric having water repellency comparable to that obtained by processing with a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group.

It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the measuring method of the height of a convex part when a woven or knitted fabric is a woven fabric. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a method of measuring a porosity S. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the measuring method of the irregular cross-section degree in the single fiber which has a cross section of a slit shape.

In the present invention, it is important to control the air-water heterointerface by controlling the unevenness of the surface of the woven or knitted fabric. In the present invention, three types of structural water-repellent parameters 1, porosity S, and irregular cross-sectional degree M of a single fiber obtained from the height H of the convex portion and the minimum average interval (LW) ^1/2 between the convex portions are provided. By optimizing any one of the parameters, a highly water-repellent material can be provided. Among them, it is preferable to optimize two or more of the above three parameters, and it is preferable to optimize all the above three parameters. Is more preferably optimized.

  The woven or knitted fabric can be obtained by optimizing the structure of the woven or knitted fabric such as the woven structure, the thread processing, or the shape of a single fiber.

The height H of the convex portion formed on the surface of the woven or knitted fabric in the present invention is a height of the convex portion caused by the structure of the woven or knitted fabric. Height. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a method of measuring the height of a convex portion when the woven or knitted fabric is a woven fabric. This will be described specifically as an example. As shown in FIG. 1, when the distance from the vertex where the warp 1 or the weft 2 is exposed on the surface of the woven fabric to the back is defined as the height Ha of the warp and the height Hb of the weft, respectively, the absolute value of the difference is high. A convex portion having a thickness is formed on the fabric surface. That is, it is the height of the convex portion formed to be exposed on the surface, and is calculated from the following formula. In addition, the height of the warp and the height of the weft are respectively measured at 10 points selected at random, and are calculated from their average values. Higher water repellency is obtained as the height H of the convex portion is larger. It is preferably at least 50 μm, more preferably at least 80 μm, further preferably at least 100 μm, whereby higher water repellency can be obtained. The upper limit is preferably 500 μm or less from the viewpoint of texture.
H = | Ha−Hb |
H: Height of protrusion (μm)
Ha: average height (μm) of convex portion formed by warp
Hb: average height (μm) of convex portion formed by weft

  In the case of a knit, the average heights of the convex and concave portions of the loop formed by knitting are determined as Ha and Hb, respectively.

In the present invention, the minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between the convex portions is the convex portion formed by exposing the yarn constituting the woven or knitted material on the surface and the convex portion having the same height as the convex portion closest to the convex portion. Means the average interval. Here, the same height may not be strictly the same, but may be substantially the same. For example, a certain convex portion and a convex portion having the same type of woven and knitted structure as the convex portion adjacent to the convex portion may be used. Applicable. The same kind of convex portion means, for example, in the case where the convex portion is a warp crossing over the weft, the convex portion of the warp crossing over the adjacent weft.

The average interval between convex portions in a woven fabric is the average interval between the convex portion where the warp or weft is exposed on the surface and the nearest adjacent convex portion of the same height. It is calculated from the formula. 2.54 × 10 ⁴ is a coefficient for converting from the inch (2.54 cm) unit to the μm unit, and Il and Iw are the numbers of yarns between convex portions in the warp direction and the weft direction. Is shown. For example, in a plain woven fabric, if the convex portion is a warp crossing the upper side of the weft, and the convex portion having the same height closest to the convex portion is a warp crossing the upper side of the next weft, the second is. Since there is a warp crossing the lower side of the weft between the warp yarns, the distance between the protrusions is 2 in both the warp and weft directions in terms of the number of yarns forming the protrusions. Minutes. In the 2/2 twill fabric, the distance between the convex portions is three in both the warp direction and the weft direction in terms of the number of yarns forming the convex portions. The smaller the minimum average interval (LW) ^1/2 between the convex-convex portions, which forms the convex portion between the convex portions in the warp direction and the warp direction, and between the convex portions in the weft direction, High water repellency is obtained, and preferably 700 μm or less, more preferably 600 μm or less, and still more preferably 500 μm or less, whereby higher water repellency can be obtained. The lower limit is preferably 100 μm or more from the viewpoint of weaving properties.
(LW) ^1/2 = {2.54 × 10 ⁴ /(D1/Il)}×{2.54×10 ⁴ / (Dw / Iw)} ^1/2 (μm)
(LW) ^1/2 : minimum average distance between protrusions (μm)
Dl: Warp density (book / inch (2.54 cm))
Dw: Weft density (book / inch (2.54 cm))
Il: The number of yarns between convex portions and convex portions in the warp and weft directions Iw: The number of yarns between convex portions and convex portions in the warp and weft directions Similarly, in the case of a knitted fabric, the warp density is well, Using the weft density as a course, it can be calculated.

  The preferred structure of the fiber structure is a woven structure, and the particularly preferred woven fabric includes plain weave, twill, satin, tusser and the like. Among them, a twill or a tasser, which has a structure in which the restraint of the yarn is small and the bulging (height) of the woven or knitted fabric is easily generated, is preferable.

Even in the case of other weaving structures such as plain weaving, it is preferable to adjust the weaving density and the tension at the time of weaving so as not to impair the natural texture and to carry out weaving at a relatively high density. The height of the protrusions and the minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between the protrusions greatly depend on the structure of the fibrous structure such as the woven structure, and the structure water repellency calculated from these two parameters. Parameter 1 (H / (LW) ^1/2 ) is a numerical value obtained by integrating factors that contribute to water repellency of the fiber structure such as a woven structure, and is preferably 0.15 or more, and more preferably 0.3 or more. Thus, higher water repellency can be obtained. The upper limit is preferably 1.0 or less from the viewpoint of weaving properties.

  The porosity S in the present invention is, in a woven or knitted fabric, a fiber forming a convex portion (a warp or a weft in the case of a woven fabric, a knitting yarn in the case of a knitted fabric) is a yarn composed of a plurality of single fibers, It is an index indicating how much void the yarn contains between the single fibers. Examples of such a yarn include a multifilament and a spun yarn.

The porosity S is calculated from the following formula. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a method of measuring the porosity S. As shown in FIG. 2, the fiber constituting the convex portion is a yarn composed of a plurality of single fibers. When the cross section of the yarn constituting the convex portion is observed, the major axis of the cross section of the yarn is 2 × ra, the minor axis is 2 × rb, the area of the ellipse assumed from the major axis and the minor axis, ra × rb × π, and the yarn obtained from the circle-converted diameter when the single fiber is assumed to be closest packed in a circle. The filling rate is calculated from the area ratio r ² / (ra × rb) of the cross-sectional area r ² × π calculated from the radius (circle converted to radius) r, and the porosity S is calculated by subtracting 1 from the following. It is calculated from the calculation formula.

The higher the porosity S, the higher the water repellency. The measurement was performed on the convex portion of the woven or knitted fabric by measuring the cross section of the fiber constituting the convex portion at 10 points of omission and calculating the average value. When the porosity S is preferably 0.2, more preferably 0.3 or more, and still more preferably 0.5 or more, higher water repellency can be obtained. The upper limit is preferably 0.8 or less from the viewpoint of weaving properties.
S = 1− (r ² / (ra × rb))
S: Porosity r: Radius of circle conversion (2 × r = 11.9 × (d / ρ) ^1/2 ) (μm)
d: fineness (dtex)
ρ: Specific gravity of yarn (polyethylene terephthalate: 1.38, nylon 6: 1.13)
2 × ra: long diameter (μm)
2 × rb: short diameter (μm)
r ² / (ra × rb): filling rate

  In order to increase the porosity, for example, a method of performing wooly processing, buleria processing, Italy processing, knit denit processing, indentation processing, composite false twist processing, taslan processing, entanglement processing on the raw yarn, or two kinds of polymers are used. A method using a composite fiber compounded in a side-by-side type is exemplified.

  The porosity S is a parameter that largely depends on yarn processing and the like.

The structural water-repellent parameter 2 is obtained from the above porosity S and the structural water-repellent parameter 1 by the formula of (H × S ² / (LW) ^1/2 ). It is a numerical value summing up the factors that contribute to the water repellency of the tissue. When the structural water repellency parameter 2 is preferably 1 × 10 ⁻² or more, more preferably 3 × 10 ⁻² or more, higher water repellency can be obtained. The upper limit is preferably 0.7 or less from the viewpoint of weaving properties.

  In the present invention, the irregular cross-section degree M of the single fiber is such that the cross-section in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the single fiber has a shape having irregularities, and the surface area of the monofilament formed by the irregular cross-section on the surface of the single fiber. This is a parameter that takes into account the increase. In the present invention, the parameter is a parameter for evaluating the degree of increase in the surface area due to the unevenness of the irregularly shaped yarn surface included in the yarn constituting the convex portion.

  FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a method for measuring the degree of irregular cross-section in a single fiber having a slit-shaped cross section. The single fiber outer circumference Rmax in consideration of the deformed cross section is a numerical value obtained by adding an increase in the outer circumference due to the formation of the deformed cross section to the circumscribed single fiber outer circumference Rs indicated by the dotted line and not considering the deformed cross section. The increase in the outer circumference due to the irregular cross section is calculated from the slit depth A, the slit width B, and the number of slits in FIG. Further, the number of the single fibers exposed on the surface as the convex portion is calculated from the following formula as 1/4 of the number (F) of the single fibers constituting the yarn (that is, F / 4).

  For a single fiber constituting a convex part on the surface of a woven or knitted fabric, a thin section cut in a longitudinal direction and a vertical section direction is collected, a section of the single fiber is observed, and each value is obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). And It is measured at 10 random locations and calculated from the average value. The higher the deformed cross section degree M, the higher the water repellency is obtained, and preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more, so that higher water repellency is obtained. The upper limit is preferably 6 or less from the viewpoint of yarn durability.

The degree of irregular cross-section M is a parameter that takes into account minute irregularities on the surface of a single fiber. The structural water-repellent parameter 3 is a value obtained from this irregular cross-sectional degree M and the structural water-repellent parameter 2 by H × S ² × M / (LW) ^1/2 , and is formed on the short fiber surface of the woven or knitted fabric surface. This is a parameter that takes into account irregularities of various sizes. If the structural water repellency parameter 3 is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.2 or more, higher water repellency can be obtained. The upper limit is preferably 0.5 or less from the viewpoint of weaving.
M = ((Rmax / Rs) -1) × F / 4
M: Degree of irregular cross-section Rmax: Single fiber periphery (μm) considering irregular cross-section

The following shows a calculation formula when the irregular cross section has the slit shape shown in FIG.
(Rmax = Rs + (2A + B) × S)
Rs: outer circumference of circumscribed single fiber without considering cross section (μm)
A: Slit depth (μm)
B: Slit width (μm)
S: Number of slits F: Number of single fibers constituting yarn

  The fibers are not particularly limited, for example, aromatic polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, dicarboxylic acid components of aromatic polyesters or diol components, for example, isophthalic acid, isophthalic acid sulfonate, adipine Copolymerization of acids and the like, fibers made of a copolymer using a diol component such as diethylene glycol, aromatic polyester fibers blended with polyethylene glycol and the like, aliphatic polyesters represented by those mainly containing L-lactic acid Fibers, polyamide fibers such as nylon 6 and nylon 66, acrylic fibers mainly containing polyacrylonitrile, polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride fibers, etc. Synthetic fibers, semisynthetic fibers such as acetate and rayon, cotton, hemp, natural fibers such as silk and the like.

  The form of the fabric in the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes a woven fabric and a knitted fabric. A woven fabric is preferable from the viewpoint of waterproofness.

  The water repellent is adhered to the fabric of the present invention, and the term "adhered" means a state in which the water repellent is in contact with the fiber and is adhered or coated.

  Examples of the water repellent include a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 7 or more carbon atoms, a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms (for example, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.). "UNIDINE" TG-5546, "UNIDINE" TG-5601, "Asahigard" AG-E061 and "Asahiguard" AG-E081 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), and a water-repellent agent containing no fluorine atom. Can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms and a water-repellent containing no fluorine atom are preferred. Since perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid tend to be avoided in recent years, the content of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid in the fabric is preferably less than 5 ppm.

  Washing durability can be imparted by using a crosslinking agent together with the water repellent. As such a crosslinking agent, "AMIDIA" M-3 (trimethylolmelamine) manufactured by DIC Corporation is preferable.

  Further, a catalyst can be used for accelerating the reaction of the crosslinking agent. As such a catalyst, "Catalyst" ACX (amine catalyst) manufactured by DIC Corporation is preferable.

  In addition, a penetrant can be used to penetrate the drug into the inside of the multifilament. Examples of such a penetrant include 2-propanol and ethanol, and among them, 2-propanol is preferable.

  In the present invention, when a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms is fixed, a contact angle to 3 μL of water is preferably 140 ° or more. More preferably, the contact angle to 3 μL of water is 145 ° or more. Examples of the fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms that can be preferably used for obtaining the fabric having the preferable contact angle include TG-5546 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. and Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. "Asahigard" AG-E061 manufactured by the company is commercially available.

  In the present invention, when a water-repellent agent containing no fluorine atom is fixed, the contact angle to 3 μL of water is preferably 140 ° or more. More preferably, the contact angle to 3 μL of water is 143 ° or more. As a water repellent for achieving the above-mentioned contact angle, Neoseed NR-158 manufactured by Nika Chemical Co., Ltd. is commercially available.

  When the thus obtained fabric of the present invention is used in a woven or knitted fabric, since it has excellent water repellency, general clothing such as men's clothing, women's clothing, formal clothing, student clothing, work clothing, jackets, casual wear, raincoats and sportswear, It can be preferably used for textile products such as swimwear, umbrellas and tents.

(Contact angle)
The measurement of the contact angle was performed with a solid-liquid interface analyzer (“DropMaster” 700 manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.). As the measurement conditions, the contact angles when 3 μL of water at 20 ° C. was placed on the woven or knitted fabric were measured at five locations on the fabric, and the average value was defined as the contact angle of each fabric with water.

  The higher the contact angle, the higher the water repellency.

(Protrusion height H)
Production method of measurement sample A woven or knitted material is cut into a 1 cm square using a single-edged razor so as not to crush the protruding portion to produce a test piece. At that time, if the warp or weft is cut perpendicularly or in parallel, the yarn will be easily decomposed and the height of the convex part may change, so make an angle of 20 ° to the warp or weft direction. And cut it. Five test pieces each prepared at an angle of 20 ° with respect to the warp direction or the weft direction are randomly prepared.

Measuring method A cut surface of a 1 cm square test piece produced by the above method was observed with a digital microscope (“VHX-5000” manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation), and measured in the measurement mode by the method shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. At times, a numerical value in which the height of the convex portion is the largest in the same visual field was measured. The same measurement was performed on each test piece, and the average value of a total of 10 measurements was taken as the convex portion height of the sample. At this time, the magnification was not specified, but the magnification was selected from 20 to 50 times so that the cross-sectional structure could be clearly observed. In the following examples, the magnification was 30 times.

(Interval between protrusions (LW) ^1/2 )
The measurement of the distance between the convex portions and the convex portions (LW) ^1/2 is performed by measuring the warp and the weft density of the woven fabric with a luminometer (automatic measuring device of knitted density weave unevenness), and then calculating based on a calculation formula. The interval between projections (LW) was set to ^1/2 . When the density cannot be measured with a luminometer, the distance between the convex portions is actually measured by a digital microscope (“VHX-5000” manufactured by KEYENCE Corporation) or the like.

(Porosity S)
Method for preparing measurement sample The method for preparing the measurement sample is the same as the method for forming the height of the convex portion.

Measuring method A cut surface of a 1 cm square test piece prepared by the above method was observed with a digital microscope (“VHX-5000” manufactured by KEYENCE Co., Ltd.), and the convex portion was formed in the measuring mode by the method shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. When the cross section in the longitudinal direction of the fiber constituting was observed, the measurement was performed on the cross section of the yarn having the largest measured short diameter 2 × rb in the observation visual field. The same measurement was performed for each test piece, and the average value of a total of 10 measurements was taken as the porosity S of the sample. At this time, the magnification is not specified, but a magnification capable of clearly observing the cross-sectional structure was selected from a range of about 30 to 100 times. In the following examples, the measurement was actually performed at a magnification of 70 times.

(Deformed cross section degree M)
Preparation of Measurement Sample A test piece is prepared by cutting into a 1 cm square using a single-edged razor. The warp, which is exposed on the surface as a projection, is cut perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the weft. When sputtering or the like is performed, the cross-sectional shape may change;

Measurement Method A cross section in the longitudinal direction of the fiber constituting the convex portion of the 1 cm square test piece produced by the above method was observed with a SEM (“SU-1510” manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). According to the method shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 3, ten cross sections of the fiber constituting the convex portion were measured, and the average value was defined as the degree of irregular cross section M. At this time, the magnification was not specified, but the magnification was selected from about 100 to 500 times so that the cross-sectional structure could be clearly observed. In the following examples, the magnification was actually 300 times.
(Fineness, number of yarns)

  The fineness and the number of yarns were measured according to JISL-1013 (test method for chemical fiber filament yarn).

(Specific gravity of thread)
Automatic specific gravity meter The specific gravity was measured by an underwater replacement method using a DSG-1 underwater replacement type density / specific gravity meter (Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd.).

(Woven density)
Measure the warp and weft density of the woven fabric with a luminometer (automatic measuring device for knitting density unevenness).

(Bundesman test)
Water repellency was evaluated according to JISL-1092 (rain test Bundesmann method). The rainfall time was set to 10 minutes.

<Example 1>
44T-48F nylon taslan processed round cross section yarn (core yarn feed rate + 5.0%, sheath yarn feed rate + 25%, yarn length difference 20%), warp density 135 / 2.54cm, weft A woven fabric having a density of 148 / 2.54 cm was obtained. The resulting fabric, the convex height H is 150 [mu] m, the convex portion - minimum average distance ^{(LW) 1/2} between protrusions, 359Myuemu, porosity S 0.50, the modified cross section of M 1.0 Met. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle to 3 μL of water was 147 °, and the degree of water repellency was class 4 in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were 0.417 for structural water repellent parameter 1, 0.104 for structural water repellent parameter 2, and 0.104 for structural water repellent parameter 3, respectively. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for a coat, rainwater is repelled and hardly penetrates, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes hardly occur, and good wearing comfort is obtained.

<Example 2>
A warp density of 194 yarns / 2.2 twill woven fabric of 44T-48F nylon taslan processed round cross section yarn (feed rate of core yarn + 5.0%, feed rate of sheath yarn + 25%, yarn length difference 20%). A woven fabric having 54 cm and a weft density of 165 yarns / 2.54 cm was obtained. In the obtained woven fabric, the height H of the convex portion was 190 μm, the minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between the convex portions was 284 μm, the porosity S was 0.51, and the degree of irregular cross section M was 1. Was. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle to 3 μL of water was 149 °, and the degree of water repellency was class 4 in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were 0.669 for structural water repellent parameter 1, 0.174 for structural water repellent parameter 2, and 0.174 for structural water repellent parameter 3, respectively. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for a coat, rainwater is repelled and hardly penetrates, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes hardly occur, and good wearing comfort is obtained.

<Example 3>
44T-48F nylon tusslan-processed round cross section yarn (core yarn feed rate + 5.0%, sheath yarn feed rate + 25%, yarn length difference 20%), warp density 162 / 2.54cm, weft yarn A fabric having a density of 240 / 2.54 cm was obtained. In the obtained woven fabric, the height H of the projections was 210 μm, the minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between the projections was 258 μm, the porosity S was 0.62, and the irregularity M was 1. Was. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle with respect to 3 μL of water was 151 °, and the water repellency was 4-5 class in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were structural water repellent parameter 1 of 0.815, structural water repellent parameter 2 of 0.313, and structural water repellent parameter 3 of 0.313. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for coating, rainwater repellency was particularly strong and did not penetrate, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes hardly occurred, and better wearing comfort was obtained.

<Example 4>
A fabric with a warp density of 80 yarns / 2.54 cm and a weft yarn density of 127 yarns / 2.54 cm was obtained using a 56T-40F nylon slit yarn Zokki flat fabric. As the single fiber cross-sectional shape of the slit yarn, eight slits having a depth A of the slit of 5.8 μm and a width B of the slit of 2.0 μm are provided. In the obtained woven fabric, the height H of the convex portions is 80 μm, the minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between the convex portions is 656 μm, the porosity S is 0.39, and the degree of irregular cross section M is 4.1. was. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle with respect to 3 μL of water was 143 °, and the degree of water repellency was class 4 in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were structural water repellent parameter 1 of 0.122, structural water repellent parameter 2 of 0.02, and structural water repellent parameter 3 of 0.08. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for a coat, rainwater was repelled and did not penetrate, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes were hardly generated, and good wearing comfort was obtained.

<Example 5>
A 56T-40F nylon slit yarn Zokki 2/2 twill woven fabric having a warp density of 80 yarns / 2.54 cm and a weft yarn density of 127 yarns / 2.54 cm was obtained. As the single fiber cross-sectional shape of the slit yarn, eight slits having a depth A of the slit of 5.8 μm and a width B of the slit of 2.0 μm are provided. In the obtained woven fabric, the height H of the convex portions is 110 μm, the minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between the convex portions is 504 μm, the porosity S is 0.42, and the degree M of irregular cross section is 5.8. was. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle to 3 μL of water was 149 °, and the degree of water repellency was class 4 in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water-repellent parameters were structural water-repellent parameter 1 of 0.218, structural water-repellent parameter 2 of 0.04, and structural water-repellent parameter 3 of 0.16. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for a coat, rainwater was repelled and hardly permeated, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes were hardly generated, and good wearing comfort was obtained.

<Example 6>
A woven fabric with a warp density of 50 yarns / 2.54 cm and a weft yarn density of 120 yarns / 2.54 cm was obtained from a 56T-40F nylon slit false twist yarn 2/2 twill woven fabric. As the single fiber cross-sectional shape of the slit yarn, eight slits having a depth A of the slit of 5.8 μm and a width B of the slit of 2.0 μm are provided. The obtained woven fabric has a convex part height H of 150 μm, a minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between convex parts and convex parts of 656 μm, a porosity S of 0.50, and an irregular cross-sectional degree M of 5.8. was. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle to 3 μL of water was 150 °, and the water repellency was 4-5 class in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were structural water repellent parameter 1 of 0.22, structural water repellent parameter 2 of 0.04, and structural water repellent parameter 3 of 0.16. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for coating, rainwater repellency was particularly strong and did not penetrate, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes hardly occurred, and better wearing comfort was obtained.

<Example 7>
A 60T-30F polyester slit yarn Zocchi plain fabric having a warp density of 122 threads / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 100 threads / 2.54 cm was obtained. As the single fiber cross-sectional shape of the slit yarn, the depth A of the slit is 1.5 μm, and the width B of the slit is. 30 slits of 1.0 μm are provided. The resulting fabric, the convex height H is 80 [mu] m, the convex portion - minimum average distance ^{(LW) 1/2} between protrusions, 460 .mu.m, porosity S is 0.42, modified cross degree M is 5.3 was. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle to 3 μL of water was 141 °, and the degree of water repellency was class 4 in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were structural water repellent parameter 1 of 0.174, structural water repellent parameter 2 of 0.031, and structural water repellent parameter 3 of 0.163. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for a coat, rainwater is repelled and hardly penetrates, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes hardly occur, and good wearing comfort is obtained.

<Example 8>
A 60T-30F polyester slit yarn Zocchi plain fabric having a warp density of 122 threads / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 100 threads / 2.54 cm was obtained. As the single fiber cross-sectional shape of the slit yarn, the slit depth A is 2.5 μm, and the slit width B is. 30 slits of 1.0 μm are provided. The obtained woven fabric has a convex portion height H of 50 μm, a minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between convex portions and convex portions of 460 μm, a porosity S of 0.42, and a modified cross-section degree M of 5.7. was. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle with respect to 3 μL of water was 143 °, and the degree of water repellency was class 4 in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were structural water repellent parameter 1 of 0.174, structural water repellent parameter 2 of 0.03, and structural water repellent parameter 3 of 0.175. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for a coat, rainwater is repelled and hardly penetrates, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes hardly occur, and good wearing comfort is obtained.

<Example 9>
A 60T-30F polyester slit yarn Zocchi plain fabric having a warp density of 122 threads / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 100 threads / 2.54 cm was obtained. Regarding the cross-sectional shape of a single fiber of the slit yarn, the depth A of the slit is 3.5 μm and the width B of the slit is. 30 slits of 1.0 μm are provided. The resulting fabric, the convex height H is 50 [mu] m, the convex portion - minimum average distance ^{(LW) 1/2} between protrusions, 460 .mu.m, porosity S is 0.42, the modified cross section of M 5.9 was. "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle to 3 μL of water was 148 °, and the water repellency was 4-5 class in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were structural water repellent parameter 1 of 0.174, structural water repellent parameter 2 of 0.03, and structural water repellent parameter 3 of 0.181. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for coating, rainwater repellency was particularly strong and did not penetrate, so that wetting and stuffiness in clothes hardly occurred, and better wearing comfort was obtained.

<Comparative Example 1>
A 556T-40F nylon crocodile plain weave with round cross-section yarn was obtained with a warp density of 80 yarns / 2.54 cm and a weft yarn density of 100 yarns / 2.54 cm. In the obtained woven fabric, the height H of the convex portions was 100 μm, the minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between the convex portions was 656 μm, the porosity S was 0.10, and the degree M of irregular cross-section was 1. . "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle to 3 μL of water was 135 °, and the water repellency was class 2 in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water-repellent parameters were structural water-repellent parameter 1 of 0.122, structural water-repellent parameter 2 of 0.001, and structural water-repellent parameter 3 of 0.001. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for a coat, in particular, rainwater gradually permeates, the fabric gets wet, and stuffiness in clothes occurs, which is uncomfortable when worn.

  Table 1 shows the results.

<Comparative Example 2>
A woven thread having a warp density of 70 threads / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 110 threads / 2.54 cm was obtained from a 56T-40F nylon round cross-section 2/2 twill woven fabric. The height of the convex portion of the obtained woven fabric was 80 μm, the minimum average distance (LW) ^1/2 between the convex portions was 579 m, the porosity S was 0.16, and the irregularity M was 1. . "Unidyne" TG-5546 (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), which is a fluorine-based water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, and 50 g / L of a crosslinking agent, "Amidia" M-3 (DIC) 3.0 g / L, "Catalyst" ACX (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 1.0 g / L as a catalyst for a crosslinking agent, 2-isopropanol as a penetrant (manufactured by Nakarai Tesque) A treatment solution containing 10 g / L and the remainder being water was prepared, and the fabric produced above was immersed in the solution, squeezed using a mangle so as to have a squeezing ratio of 60%, and dried at a temperature of 130 ° C. Heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 170 ° C. The contact angle to 3 μL of water was 136 °, and the water repellency was class 2 in the Bundesmann test. The calculated structural water repellent parameters were structural water repellent parameter 1 of 0.218, structural water repellent parameter 2 of 0.03, and structural water repellent parameter 3 of 0.181. Table 1 shows the results. As a result of using the woven or knitted fabric for a coat, in particular, rainwater gradually permeates, the fabric gets wet, and stuffiness in clothes occurs, which is uncomfortable when worn.

1: Warp 2: Weft Ha: Warp height Hb: Weft height Rs: Outer circumference of circumscribed single fiber not considering irregular shaped cross section A: Slit depth B: Slit width

Claims (3)

A woven or knitted fabric to which a water repellent is fixed, wherein the woven or knitted fabric has a contact angle of 140 ° or more and satisfies at least one of the following (1) to (3).
(1) Structure water repellency parameter 1 = H / (LW) ^1/2 ≧ 0.15
H: Height of protrusions (μm) formed on the surface of the woven or knitted fabric,
(LW) ^1/2 : spacing between protrusions (μm)
(2) The fiber constituting the convex portion formed on the surface of the woven or knitted fabric is a yarn composed of a plurality of single fibers, and the porosity of the yarn is S ≧ 0.2.
(3) Degree of irregular cross section of single fiber M ≧ 2 The woven or knitted fabric according to claim 1, which satisfies the following (4).
(4) Structural water-repellent parameter 2: (H × S ² ) / (LW) ^1/2 ≧ 1 × 10 ⁻² The woven or knitted fabric according to claim 1 or 2, which satisfies the following (5).
(5) Structural water repellent parameter 3: H × S ² × M / (LW) ^1/2 ≧ 0.1