JP2020049580A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a machine tool that can perform processing with high accuracy to a work-piece.SOLUTION: In a bed 10, a work table 43 is reciprocated along an extension direction of a first guide rail 45 extending horizontally in one direction. The bed 10 is provided with a processing unit 15 that is reciprocated along an extension direction of a second guide rail 52 extending in a horizontal direction in which the rail forms a right angle with the first guide rail 45. The processing unit 15 is provided with a grindstone shaft unit 74 that is moved up and down along a third guide rail extending in a vertical direction. Further, the second guide rail 52 is arranged upper than the first guide rail 45.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a grinder.

  In the conventional grinding machine, as shown in Patent Document 1, a work table is supported on a bed so as to be able to reciprocate in the left-right direction, and a column is also supported on the bed so as to be able to reciprocate in a front-rear direction. . A tool shaft having a tool is supported on the column so as to be able to move up and down. A grinder having such a configuration is generally called a column type.

  Further, in the conventional grinding machine, a saddle reciprocating in the front-rear direction is supported on the bed, a work table is supported on the saddle so as to reciprocate in the left-right direction, and the column is disposed at a fixed position. In some cases, a tool shaft having a tool is supported so as to be able to move up and down. A grinder having such a configuration is generally called a saddle type.

JP-A-10-138132

  In the column-type grinding machine, when the column moves in the front-rear direction, the column is liable to tilt in the front-rear direction due to inertial force accompanying acceleration / deceleration. In the column-type configuration, the column has a vertically elongated shape extending in the vertical direction. Therefore, the bed under the column becomes thinner. That is, since the vertically long and heavy column moves in the front-back direction on the thin bed, the bed is deformed by its weight. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress the straight traveling accuracy in the vertical direction of the column, and high-precision machining becomes difficult.

  In the saddle-type grinding machine, since the table is mounted on the saddle that is moved back and forth, the total weight of the saddle and the table may be excessive. For this reason, it is necessary to reduce the size of the saddle, but the table needs to have a certain left and right length for processing the work. In this case, both ends of the table protrude from the saddle and become in an overhang state. Therefore, when the table particularly reaches one of the left and right ends, the overhang portion droops greatly, making high-precision machining difficult.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that can realize high-precision machining.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a work table reciprocated along an extension direction of a first support surface extending in one horizontal direction on a bed, and the first support surface in the bed A processing unit reciprocated along an extension direction of a second support surface extending in a horizontal direction forming a right angle, and a tool unit provided in the processing unit and raised and lowered along a third support surface extending in a vertical direction. Wherein the tool unit is provided with a tool for processing a workpiece on the work table, wherein the second support surface is disposed higher than the first support surface.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, since the second support surface is disposed higher than the first support surface, the height in the vertical direction of the portion corresponding to the second support surface of the bed, in other words, the thickness of the bed Can be increased. Therefore, the rigidity of the second support surface portion of the bed can be improved, and the amount of deformation of the second support surface can be reduced. Further, since the second support surface is located higher than the first support surface, there is no need to provide a tall and heavy column. Therefore, it is possible to avoid inclination due to acceleration and deceleration of the column. For this reason, the processing unit can be accurately linearly moved along the second support surface, and high-precision processing can be realized.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the effect that high precision processing can be achieved is exhibited.

The perspective view which looked at the machine tool of an embodiment from the upper part. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the machine tool of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the machine tool of FIG. 1 as viewed from below. FIG. 2 is a partially broken front view of the machine tool of FIG. 1. The side view of the machine tool of FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along a line 6-6 in FIG. 4. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line 7-7 in FIG. 5;

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the machine tool according to the first embodiment includes a bed 10 and a table 12 supported at the front of a bed body 11 of the bed 10 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (left-right direction). It has. Further, the machine tool includes a pair of support members 14 fixed to both sides of the upper surface of the bed body 11 and a processing unit 15 supported on the support members 14 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction (front-back direction). I have. The bed 10 includes a bed body 11 and a support member 14. The processing unit 15 includes a rotary grindstone 16 movable in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction). Then, the work is supported on the table 12, the table 12 is moved in the X-axis direction, and the rotary grindstone 16 is moved in the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. A grinding process is performed.

Therefore, the configuration of each unit will be described in detail below.
First, the bed body 11 and its related configuration will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the bed body 11 is integrally formed as a whole by casting. , A pair of upper side plate portions 22, a front plate portion 23, and a rear plate portion 24. A horizontal upper plate portion 25 is formed at the upper ends of both upper side plate portions 22, and an upright plate portion 26 is formed on the front surface of both upper side plate portions 22. As shown in FIG. 6, an inner plate portion 27 is formed on the rear side of the front plate portion 23. As shown in FIG. 1, an opening 28 is formed on the upper surface of the bed body 11 between the upper plate portions 25.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the bottom plate portion 20 is formed in a triangular shape as described above by forming the lower side plate portion 21 as the oblique side portion. For this reason, in the bottom plate portion 20, two triangle vertices are formed on the front side, and one triangle vertex is formed on the rear side, and the two vertex portions on the front side are formed as legs. Is provided with a rear leg 32 as a leg at the vertex on the rear side. The pair of front legs 31 is located on a single line in the X-axis direction, and the rear leg 32 is located on a line in the Z-axis direction passing through the center between both front legs 31.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the front leg 31 includes a fixed cam body 34 having a slope 33 and a leg member 35 which can be moved up and down, and an upper surface of the leg member 35 has a slope 36 in contact with the slope 33. A movable cam body 37 having a front and back movement is provided. The leg member 35 is prevented from being detached from the fixed cam body 34 and the bed body 11 by the regulating portions 39 before and after the leg member 35. The leg member 35 is installed on an installation surface such as a floor surface. Then, the slope of the movable cam body 37 slides against the slope 33 of the fixed cam body 34 by the action of the screw based on the rotation of the adjusting screw 38, and the leg member 35 moves up and down by the cam action. As a result, the height of the front leg 31 is adjusted. The height of the rear leg 32 is fixed.

  As shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, the rear plate portion 24 is inclined such that the lower side retreats forward. The rear end corner portion of the bottom plate portion 20 projects rearward from the rear plate portion 24, and the rear leg 32 is disposed at the projected portion. A pair of reinforcing ribs 41 as a reinforcing portion are integrally formed between the rear end corner portion of the bottom plate portion 20 and the outer surface of the rear plate portion 24. The two reinforcing ribs 41 are formed in a triangular shape on the side, are inclined so as to approach each other downward and converge, and are integrated with the bottom plate 20 at the rear leg 32. The rear end 29 of the lower side plate 21 extends to the lower end of the reinforcing rib 41.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, a gutter-shaped table extending in the X-axis direction with the upper surface and both end surfaces open between the front ends of both upper side plate portions 22 in front of the upright plate portion 26. A traveling portion 43 is formed. The both front legs 31 are located below the center in the width direction of both ends of the table running portion 43. Both ends of the table running portion 43 are closed by end members 44. A first guide rail 45 as a first support surface is fixed between the both end members 44 before and after the table running portion 43, and the table 12 is guided by the first guide rail 45 so that the table 12 is in the left-right direction in the X-axis direction. Is slidably supported. The table 12 is moved in the X-axis direction by a linear motor (not shown).

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the support members 14 located on both sides of the open portion 28 are fixed to the upper surfaces of the upper plate portions 25 by a plurality of bolts 13, respectively. Overhang portions 51 projecting forward are formed on the upper front ends of both support members 14. On the upper surface of the support member 14, there are formed second guide rails 52 that extend in the Z-axis direction, which is the front-rear direction, and constitute a second support surface. The second guide rail 52 extends over the entire length of the support member 14 including the overhang portion 51 in the Z-axis direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a unit frame 61 of the processing unit 15 located in the opening 28 is disposed at a position between the second guide rails 52 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. The unit frame 61 includes a pair of sliders 62 as side members supported by the second guide rails 52, and a rectangular frame-shaped support frame 63 erected and fixed between the sliders 62. A third guide rail 65 constituting a third support surface extending in the up-down direction is attached to the inner side surface of the frame 63. The support frame 63 is reciprocated in the Z-axis direction along the second guide rail 52 along with the slider 62 in the open portion 28 by driving of the linear motor 66. A side bulging portion 67 bulging outward in an arc shape as a curved portion is integrally formed on the outer surface of the slider 62. A plurality of reinforcing ribs 68 are integrally formed on the inner surface of the support frame 63, and a pair of rear bulging portions 69 bulging in an arc shape as a curved portion are integrally formed on the rear surface.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6, within the support frame 63, an elevating frame 71 is supported by the third guide rail 65 so as to be able to move up and down along the third guide rail 65. On the support frame 63, a ball screw 73 rotated by the drive of a motor 72 supported on the lower end of the support frame 63 is supported on the Y-axis direction line, and the elevating frame 71 is rotated by forward and reverse rotation of the ball screw 73. It is raised and lowered. The hoisting frame 71 supports a grindstone shaft unit 74 as a machining shaft unit. The grindstone shaft unit 74 supports a grindstone shaft 76 rotated by a motor 75. At the front end of the grindstone shaft 76, the rotary grindstone 16 located in front of the overhang portion 51 is supported.

  In the present embodiment, the processing unit 15 is configured by the unit frame 61 supported by the third guide rail 65, the lifting frame 71, the grinding wheel shaft unit 74, and the like. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, when the processing unit 15 is supported by the second guide rail 52, the center of gravity α of the processing unit 15 is lower than the second guide rail 52 in the internal space of the bed body 11. positioned. Further, the center of gravity β of the machine tool of the embodiment is located lower than the center of gravity α of the processing unit 15.

  As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 7, a substantially arc-shaped concave portion 81 is formed on the lower surface of the bed main body 11 immediately below the central portion in the length direction and the width direction of the table traveling portion 43. A pair of projections 82 are formed on both sides. A receiving member 83 is fixed to the lower surface of each of the convex portions 82, and female screws 84 are formed on the receiving member 83. The female screws 84 are screwed at both ends of a male screw member 85. Have been. Therefore, the female screw 84 and the male screw member 85 constitute a turnbuckle. A lock nut 87 made of a double nut for preventing loosening is screwed into the thread portion of the male screw member 85. Therefore, by rotating the male screw member 85, a force in the approaching or separating direction acts on both the receiving members 83, as a result, the bed body 11 is deformed, and the straightness of the first guide rail 45 is adjusted. .

  The upper side plate portion 22, the front plate portion 23, the rear plate portion 24, the inner plate portion 27, and the table traveling portion 43 have various shapes and sizes such as a square, a circle, a triangle, a trapezoid, and a deformed square, respectively. A through-hole 91 is provided as a part. A plurality of concave portions 90 are formed on the lower surface of the bottom plate portion 20.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, between the front plate portion 23 and the inner plate portion 27, a plate-shaped first reinforcing frame 92 as a reinforcing portion having a pair of symmetric shapes in the X-axis direction is provided. The second reinforcing frame 93 is formed integrally. The first reinforcement frame 92 and the second reinforcement frame 93 are crossed and integrated. A rectangular through hole 91 as a thinned portion is provided in a middle part of the first reinforcement frame 92 and the second reinforcement frame 93 in the vertical direction. The first reinforcing frame 92 is interposed between the central portion of the lower surface of the table running portion 43 and the intersection of the upper side plate portion 22 and the bottom plate portion 20. Therefore, the front leg 31 and its peripheral portion are reinforced by the intersection, and the first reinforcement frame 92 including the intersection and the second reinforcement frame 93 constitute a reinforcement. The second reinforcing frame 93 is interposed between the central portion of the lower surface of the table running portion 43 and the inner surface of the bottom plate portion 20 in the concave portion 81. The through holes 91 of the front plate portion 23 and the inner plate portion 27 are formed in portions other than the first reinforcement frame 92 and the second reinforcement frame 93.

Next, the operation of the machine tool configured as described above will be described.
In the machine tool according to the present embodiment, a work is supported on the table 12. Then, with the rotating grindstone 16 rotated, the lifting frame 71 is moved in the Y-axis direction along the third guide rail 65 together with the rotating grindstone 16 to adjust the height. Further, the table 12 is reciprocated in the X-axis direction along the first guide rail 45, and the grindstone shaft unit 74 is moved in the Z-axis direction along the second guide rail 52 together with the rotary grindstone 16. For this reason, the workpiece is ground by the rotating grindstone 16.

And the machine tool of this embodiment has the following effects.
(1) The second guide rail 52 as a second support surface for guiding the longitudinal movement of the processing unit 15 having the grinding wheel shaft unit 74 and the support frame 63 is higher than the first guide rail 45 as the first support surface. Are located. Therefore, the height of the lower portion of the bed 10 below the second guide rail 52 in the vertical direction, in other words, the thickness can be increased. Therefore, the rigidity of the second guide rail 52 portion of the bed 10 is improved, and the amount of deformation of the bed 10 due to the load of the processing unit 15 can be reduced. Therefore, the movement accuracy of the processing unit 15 can be improved, and the processing accuracy can be improved.

  (2) As described above, since the second guide rail 52 is positioned higher than the first guide rail 45, there is no need to provide a tall and heavy column for supporting the grinding wheel shaft unit 74. . Therefore, inconveniences such as inclination of the column due to acceleration and deceleration of the column can be avoided. Therefore, the processing unit 15 can be accurately and linearly moved along the second guide rail 52, and the positional accuracy of the grindstone shaft unit 74 can be ensured, so that high-precision processing can be realized as described above.

  (3) A front leg 31 and a rear leg 32 are provided at a total of three places on the bottom surface of the bottom plate portion 20 of the bed 10 of the machine tool. For this reason, the machine tool of the present embodiment can be supported by a three-point support on an installation surface such as a factory floor. That is, the machine tool can be stably supported regardless of the flatness of the installation surface. In this case, the height of the leg member 35 of the front leg 31 can be adjusted by the cam action of the slopes 33 and 36 by operating the adjustment screw 38 of the front leg 31, and the levelness and height of the machine tool are appropriately maintained. it can.

  (4) Since the bottom plate portion 20 of the bed body 11 has a triangular shape, the bed body 11 can be reduced in size as compared with a conventional four-point supporting square machine tool. Therefore, the weight of the machine tool can be reduced. In the embodiment, the bottom plate portion 20 has a substantially triangular shape, the lower side plate portion 21 and the upper side plate portion 22 have a triangular shape, and the rear plate portion 24 is tilted so as to retreat forward toward the lower side. As a result, the volume of the bed body 11 is reduced, and the size and weight are further reduced. As described above, since the bed body 11 can be downsized, the rigidity of the entire bed body 11 can be improved, and high processing accuracy for the workpiece can be obtained. In addition, since the concave portion 90 and the through hole 91 are formed in various places of the bed body 11 while satisfying the required strength, further weight reduction can be achieved. Therefore, restrictions on the installation of the machine tool such as restrictions on the floor strength of the factory are reduced, and movement and transportation are facilitated.

  (5) The bed body 11 is reduced in size, the volume of the bed body 11 is reduced, and the recess 90 and the through-hole 91 are formed in each part. . Therefore, the natural frequency of the bed body 11 can be increased. Therefore, if the vibration energy is the same, the resonance frequency of the bed body 11 increases, but the amplitude of the resonance frequency decreases, so that the processing accuracy is improved.

  (6) The portion of the bed body 11 excluding the table traveling portion 43 is formed to be narrower than the table traveling portion 43. Moreover, the bed main body 11 is narrowed so as to converge rearward by the formation of the triangular lower side plate portion 21. Accordingly, as described above, the size and weight of the bed body 11 can be reduced, and high-precision processing can be performed. In addition, a space is formed below the lower side plate 21 of the bed body 11, so that this space is reduced. It can be used for installation of hydraulic piping and electric wires.

  (7) Since the front legs 31 are provided at both ends of the table traveling portion 43, even if the bed body 11 on the rear side of the table traveling portion 43 is narrower than the table traveling portion 43, the table Deformation of the traveling portion 43 can be suppressed, and high-precision processing can be performed.

  (8) Since the lower portions of the table traveling portion 43 intersect integrally and are reinforced by the inclined first and second reinforcing frames 92 and 93, the deformation of the table traveling portion 43 can be suppressed as described above. , High precision processing becomes possible. Further, the first and second reinforcement frames 92 and 93 are inclined, and the lower end of the first reinforcement frame 92 and the lower end position of the upper side plate 22 of the bed main body 11 are united. 31 is located. Further, the second reinforcement frame 93 is converged and integrated at the lower center of the bed body 11. Therefore, the processing pressure acting on the table traveling portion 43 acts as a force in the compression direction on the first and second reinforcing frames 92 and 93, so that the deformation of the table traveling portion 43 can be effectively prevented.

  (9) The rear leg 32 is located on a line in the Z-axis direction extending rearward from the center in the length direction of the table traveling portion 43. Since the rear leg 32 is located immediately below the center in the left-right direction of the moving range of the unit frame 61 having the grindstone shaft unit 74, the movement of the unit frame 61 is stabilized, which can contribute to high-precision machining of the work.

  (10) The slider 62 of the unit frame 61 supported by the second guide rail 52 is formed with the side bulging portion 67 bulging in the lateral direction, so that the support rigidity of the unit frame 61 is improved, Contributes to high-precision machining of workpieces.

  (11) The reinforcing rib 68 is formed inside the support frame 63 of the unit frame 61, and the rear bulging portion 69 bulging rearward is formed on the rear side. This improves the rigidity of the workpiece and contributes to high-precision machining of the work.

  (12) Since the unit frame 61 is supported by the second guide rails 52 via the sliders 62 on both sides of the unit frame 61, the processing unit 15 is placed in the inner space of the bed main body 11 through the opening 28 at the upper end of the bed main body 11. It is located in. For this reason, although the processing unit 15 forming the upper end portion of the machine tool can be arranged at a low position and the thickness of the lower side of the second guide rail 52 of the bed 10 can be increased, the height of the entire machine tool can be increased. Can be lowered. In particular, the center of gravity α of the processing unit 15 is positioned below the second guide rail 52 in combination with the motor 72 for driving the ball screw 73 of the processing unit 15 disposed below the processing unit 15. Can be. As described above, since the position of the center of gravity α of the processing unit 15 can be arranged at a low position in the bed body 11, the height of the machine tool can be reduced, and the vibration of the processing unit 15 can be suppressed. Processing accuracy can be improved.

  (13) Since the center of gravity β of the machine tool is located lower than the center of gravity α of the processing unit 15, good installation stability as the machine tool can be obtained. Therefore, vibration of the entire machine tool can be reduced, which can contribute to improvement of the processing accuracy of the work.

  (14) Since the front end of the support frame 63 projects forward and the overhang portion 51 is formed, even if the grindstone shaft unit 74 is moved forward for work processing, the grindstone shaft 76 is in a cantilevered state. Hardly ever. Therefore, even if the grindstone shaft 76 is largely moved forward, it is possible to suppress a decrease in work processing accuracy.

  (15) The front plate portion 23 of the bed body 11 is inclined so as to retreat rearward toward the lower side. Therefore, the lower limbs such as the toes of the worker located on the front side of the bed main body 11 hardly interfere with the front plate portion 23, and the work is facilitated.

  (16) Since the upper side of the rear leg 32 is reinforced by the reinforcing rib 41, even if the lower side of the rear plate portion 24 is inclined so as to be located forward, the strength and rigidity of the portion of the rear leg 32 are ensured. it can.

  (17) A turnbuckle-shaped adjusting member 86 is provided at the center of the lower part of the front end of the bed body 11. Then, by loosening the lock nut 87 and rotating the adjustment member 86, the degree of bending around the center of the lower front part of the bed body 11 can be adjusted by the action of the screw. Therefore, the degree of deformation of the table running portion 43 with respect to the horizontal plane and the inclination angle can be easily finely adjusted by the adjusting member 86, so that the moving accuracy of the table 12 can be improved, and the working accuracy of the work can be improved.

  (18) Since the concave portion 90 and the through hole 91 are formed in each part of the bed body 11, the air can flow smoothly between the inside and the outside of the machine tool through the concave portion 90 and the through hole 91. Therefore, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the machine tool can be suppressed, the temperature distortion can be reduced, and the processing accuracy of the work can be improved. In addition, it is possible to check, check, and clean the inside of the machine tool through the through hole 91, so that the maintainability can be improved.

(Example of change)
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be embodied in the following modes.

Changing the installation position of the turnbuckle-shaped adjustment member 86 to, for example, a position on the rear side of the bed body 11.
-Changing the number of turnbuckle-shaped adjustment members 86 to be installed. For example, in addition to the center position in the lower front part of the bed main body 11, it is also provided at the rear part position or both side positions in the lower part of the bed main body 11. Alternatively, it is provided at an intermediate position in the vertical direction of the bed body 11 or at an upper position.

In the above embodiment, a rotary grindstone is provided as a tool. Instead of the rotary grindstone, another type of tool such as a drill, a milling machine, an end mill, and a hob is provided.
-The bed body 11 and the support member 14 are integrated.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Bed, 11 ... Bed main body, 12 ... Table, 14 ... Support member, 15 ... Processing unit, 16 ... Rotating whetstone, 28 ... Opening part, 31 ... Front leg, 32 ... Rear leg, 63 ... Support frame, 51 ... overhang portion, 73 ... ball screw, 74 ... grindstone shaft unit, 77 ... rotary grindstone, α ... center of gravity, β ... center of gravity.

Claims (10)

A work table that is reciprocated along an extension of a first support surface extending in one horizontal direction on the bed, and an extension of a second support surface that extends in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the first support surface in the bed A processing unit reciprocated along a direction, and a tool unit provided on the processing unit and moved up and down along a third support surface extending in a vertical direction. In a machine tool equipped with a tool for processing
A machine tool in which the second support surface is disposed higher than the first support surface.   The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the bed includes a bed body, and a support member provided on both sides of an upper surface of the bed body and having the second support surface.   The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein an upper surface of the bed main body is arranged at a position higher than the first support surface.   The second support surface is a pair, and the processing unit is supported between the pair of side members supported by the second support surface and both side members, and has a support frame having the third support surface. The machine tool according to claim 1, comprising:   The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein a curved portion for reinforcement is formed on an outer surface of the side member.   The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the bed that supports the processing unit is overhanged toward the first support surface.   7. The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein an opening is formed on an upper surface of the bed, and a ball screw for raising and lowering the tool unit is projected into the bed through the opening.   The machine tool according to claim 7, wherein a center of gravity of the machine tool is positioned lower than a center of gravity of the processing unit, and a center of gravity of the processing unit is positioned lower than the second support surface.   5. A pair of front legs is provided at a lower portion of the bed at positions corresponding to both ends of the first support surface, and a rear leg is provided at a lower portion of the bed at one position between the second support surfaces. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8.   The machine tool according to claim 9, wherein a rear portion of the first support surface of the bed has a shape narrower than a length of the first support surface.

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