JP2020045827A - Knock determination device and knock control device - Google Patents

Abstract

To reduce a processing load in performing knock determination.SOLUTION: A knock determination device has a detection portion for detecting vibration generating in an internal combustion engine, and determines knock on the basis of a detection signal from the detection portion. In detail, it specifies at least three maximum points p of a second point p2 as the maximum point p of maximum strength among the plurality of maximum points p of the maximum strength, a first point p1 as one of the maximum points p existing before the second point p2, and a third point p3 as one of the maximum points p existing after the second point p2, from a waveform obtained on the basis of the detection signal. A prescribed feature quantity is calculated by using three maximum points p. The knock determination is performed on the basis of the feature quantity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a knock determination device that performs knock determination for determining occurrence of knock in an internal combustion engine, and a knock control device that performs knock control for suppressing the occurrence of knock based on the knock determination.

  In Patent Literature 1, knock determination is performed as follows. First, vibration generated in the internal combustion engine is detected. Next, the detection signal is separated into a plurality of knock frequency components and a plurality of other noise frequency components by a plurality of bandpass filters. Next, a knock waveform is obtained by integrating only the knock frequency components among them.

  Next, the knock waveform is compared with an ideal knock waveform. Then, the knock intensity is corrected according to the degree of deviation of the knock waveform from the ideal knock waveform. A knock determination is made based on the corrected knock intensity. Knock control is performed based on the knock determination.

JP-A-2004-353531

  In the cited document 1, it is necessary to separate a detection signal into a plurality of knock frequency components and a plurality of noise frequency components by a plurality of bandpass filters. Further, it is necessary to integrate a plurality of knock frequency components separated thereby. Further, it is necessary to compare the knock waveform obtained thereby with an ideal knock waveform and correct the knock intensity based on the comparison. Therefore, in the cited document 1, the processing load is large in performing the knock determination.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to reduce the processing load in performing knock determination.

  A knock determination device according to the present invention includes a detection unit that detects vibration generated in an internal combustion engine, and performs a knock determination for determining occurrence of knock based on a detection result by the detection unit. The knock determination device includes a specification unit, a calculation unit, and a determination unit. The identification unit is a waveform obtained based on the detection result, wherein the intensity is a vibration waveform representing a time change of the intensity with the intensity of the vibration or an absolute value of the intensity of the vibration as the intensity. From the absolute value waveform representing the time change of the second point, among the plurality of maximum points where the intensity is maximum, the second point which is the maximum point where the intensity is maximum within a predetermined period, and the second point which is the maximum point within the predetermined period. At least three of a first point that is one of the maximum points existing before a point and a third point that is one of the maximum points existing after the second point within the predetermined period. Identify the maximum point. The calculation unit calculates a predetermined feature using at least the three maximum points. The determination unit performs the knock determination based on the feature amount.

 The present invention has been made by finding the following points. The shape of the vibration waveform has a predetermined difference between a case where the vibration is caused by knocking and a case where the vibration is caused by knocking. Therefore, knock determination can be performed based on the shape of the vibration waveform. The shape of the vibration waveform can be estimated on the basis of the feature amount. Therefore, knock determination can be performed based on the feature amount.

  According to the present invention, since knock determination is performed based on the feature amount calculated using the three points, the processing described in Patent Literature 1 becomes unnecessary. Specifically, first, it becomes unnecessary to separate the detection signal into a plurality of knock frequency components and a plurality of noise frequency components by using a plurality of bandpass filters. Further, a process of integrating a plurality of knock frequency components separated by the process becomes unnecessary. Further, a process of comparing the knock waveform obtained by the process with an ideal knock waveform and correcting the knock intensity based on the comparison becomes unnecessary. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the processing load in performing the knock determination.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment. Flow chart showing control by knock control device Graph showing a vibration waveform obtained based on a detection signal 3 is a graph showing another vibration waveform different from FIG. Graph showing shape pattern of vibration waveform Flow chart showing shape determination of vibration waveform Graph showing the distribution of the shape pattern determined from the first time and the second time Flowchart showing shape determination in the second embodiment Graph showing the distribution of the shape pattern determined from the increase rate and the attenuation rate In the third embodiment, a graph showing a relationship between a tilt ratio and a knock component. Flow chart showing shape determination Graph showing an absolute value waveform according to another embodiment Graph showing an absolute value waveform different from FIG.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an internal combustion engine 10 of the present embodiment. The internal combustion engine 10 has an engine block 11, a piston 12, an intake valve 13, an exhaust valve 14, and the like. For the internal combustion engine 10, an accelerator pedal sensor 21, a knock sensor 29, an ECU 30, an electronic throttle 41, an injector 42, an ignition coil 43, and the like are provided.

  The ECU 30 inputs a request (acceleration request) from the driver via the accelerator pedal sensor 21. Based on the input, the air amount, the fuel amount, the ignition timing and the like are controlled. Specifically, the ECU 30 controls the air amount by controlling the electronic throttle 41, controls the fuel amount by controlling the injector 42, and controls the ignition timing by controlling the ignition coil 43.

  Knock sensor 29 detects vibration generated in internal combustion engine 10. The ECU 30 receives a detection signal from the knock sensor 29 during a gate open period in which the gate is open. In the present embodiment, knock sensor 29 corresponds to the “detection unit” according to the present invention. Further, each one gate open period corresponds to a “predetermined period” in the present invention.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing knock determination by ECU 30 and knock control based on the knock determination. The ECU 30 includes a digital conversion unit 31 that performs AD conversion (S100), a filter unit 32 that performs BPF processing (S200), a specification unit 33 that specifies three points (S300), and a calculation that performs feature amount calculation (S400). It has a unit 34, a shape determination unit 35 that performs shape determination (S500), a knock determination unit 36 that performs knock determination (S600), and a control unit 37 that performs knock control (S700).

  The knock sensor 29, the digital conversion unit 31, the filter unit 32, the identification unit 33, the calculation unit 34, the shape determination unit 35, and the knock determination unit 36 constitute a knock determination device (29, 31 to 36). . The knock determination devices (29, 31 to 36) and the control unit 37 constitute a knock control device (29, 31 to 37). The shape determining unit 35 and the knock determining unit 36 are collectively referred to as “determining units 35 and 36”.

  More specifically, the ECU 30 first converts (A / D converts) the detection signal received from the knock sensor 29 from an analog signal to a digital signal by the digital converter 31 (S100). Next, the filter unit 32 filters the detection signal using only one type of bandpass filter (S200).

  Next, from the vibration waveform after the filtering process (S200), the specifying unit 33 specifies three points, a first point p1, a second point p2, and a third point p3, which will be described later (S300). Next, based on the three points, the calculation unit 34 calculates the characteristic amount of the vibration waveform (S400). Next, based on the characteristic amount, the shape determination unit 35 performs a shape determination for determining a shape pattern to which the vibration waveform belongs (S500). Next, based on the shape determination, knock determination is performed by knock determination section 36 to determine the occurrence of knock (S600). Next, based on the knock determination, knock control for suppressing knock is performed by the control unit 37 (S700).

  FIGS. 3 and 4 are graphs showing examples of vibration waveforms after performing the BPF processing (S200). In this vibration waveform, the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the intensity of vibration (detected voltage value). That is, the vibration waveform indicates a temporal change of the vibration intensity. The strength of the vibration here is defined such that the strength in one direction (when the detected voltage value is positive) is positive, and the strength in the opposite direction (when the detected voltage value is negative) is negative. I have.

  In the following, a plurality of points at which the intensity of the vibration waveform is maximum are each referred to as a “maximum point p”. The maximum point p that first exceeds the predetermined value Vc within each gate open period is referred to as a “first point p1”. In addition, the maximum point p at which the intensity is maximum within each gate open period is referred to as a “second point p2”. Further, the point that last exceeds the predetermined value Vc within each gate open period is referred to as “third point p3”.

  The time from the first point p1 to the second point p2 is referred to as “first time t1”. The time from the second point p2 to the third point p3 is referred to as “second time t2”. Further, the time from one of the two maximum points p adjacent to each other among the plurality of maximum points p having the intensity exceeding the predetermined value Vc within each gate open period to one other is referred to as “peak interval t3”.

  In the present embodiment, the calculation unit 34 calculates a first time t1, a second time t2, and a peak interval t3 as feature amounts (S400).

  FIG. 5 is a graph showing each shape pattern of the vibration waveform. More specifically, FIG. 5A shows an attenuated shape pattern in which the intensity rapidly increases and then gradually attenuates. When the vibration waveform belongs to a damped shape pattern, there is a high possibility that the vibration waveform is caused by knocking. This is because the knock waveform gradually attenuates as the piston descends after the vibration rapidly increases.

  FIG. 5B shows a diamond-shaped pattern in which the intensity gradually increases and then gradually decreases. When the vibration waveform belongs to a rhombic shape pattern, the possibility of vibration due to knocking is moderate. While the shape of the latter half part becomes a vibration waveform similar to the knock waveform (damping type), the vibration (noise) due to the piston slap gradually converges after the vibration gradually strengthens. This is because vibration (noise) may occur due to vibration.

  FIG. 5C shows an increasing shape pattern in which the intensity gradually increases and then rapidly attenuates. When the vibration waveform belongs to the increasing shape pattern, it is unlikely that the vibration is caused by knocking. This is because a vibration portion has a shape portion similar to the knock waveform (attenuation type) and has a small vibration waveform. That is, it is exactly the opposite of the knock waveform in which the vibration suddenly occurs and then gradually attenuates as the piston descends.

  FIG. 5D shows a rectangular shape pattern in which the intensity sharply increases and then rapidly attenuates. When the vibration waveform belongs to a rectangular shape pattern, it is unlikely that the vibration is a vibration due to knocking. This is because the rectangular shape pattern rapidly attenuates, and there are few shapes similar to the knock waveform (attenuation type) as a whole. In addition, since the vibration (noise) generated in a pulse is instantaneously settled after the vibration starts instantaneously, it is highly possible that the vibration waveform is the pulse-shaped vibration (noise).

  FIG. 5E shows a shape pattern of a double attenuation type in which two attenuation types are arranged. When the vibration waveform belongs to the shape pattern of the double attenuation type, it is unlikely that the vibration is caused by knocking. This is because the shape pattern of the double attenuation type repeats the increase and decrease of the intensity twice, so that there are few shape portions similar to the knock waveform (attenuation type) as a whole. In addition, since the knock waveform gradually attenuates as the piston descends, it does not occur twice in a short period of time.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating details of the shape determination (S500) by the shape determination unit 35. First, it is determined whether the first time t1 is smaller than a predetermined first threshold T1 (S511). When it is larger than the first threshold value T1 (S511: NO), it is determined whether the second time t2 is larger than a predetermined second threshold value T2 (S514). When it is smaller than the second threshold value T2 (S514: NO), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the increasing shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends. On the other hand, when the second time t2 is greater than the second threshold value T2 (S514: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the rhombic shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) is completed.

  On the other hand, when it is determined in S511 that the first time t1 is smaller than the first threshold T1 (S511: YES), it is determined whether the second time t2 is larger than the second threshold T2 (S512). When it is smaller than the second threshold value T2 (S512: NO), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the rectangular shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends.

  On the other hand, when the second time t2 is larger than the second threshold T2 (S512: YES), it is determined whether or not any of the peak intervals t3 is smaller than the predetermined interval threshold T3 (S513). If any of the peak intervals t3 is larger than the interval threshold value T3 (S513: NO), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the bi-attenuated shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends. On the other hand, when any of the peak intervals t3 is smaller than the interval threshold T3 (S513: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the attenuation type shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends.

  Description will be made again with reference to FIG. Knock determination section 36 performs knock determination (S600) based on the result of shape determination (S500) by shape determination section 35. More specifically, the more the vibration waveform is determined to be a shape pattern closer to the knock waveform in the shape determination (S500), the larger the correction term is set, and the more the shape pattern is determined to be different from the knock waveform. , The correction term is set smaller.

  More specifically, when shape determining section 35 determines that the vibration waveform belongs to the damped shape pattern, knock determining section 36 determines that knock has occurred, and sets the correction term to “1”. To "." When the shape determining unit 35 determines that the vibration waveform belongs to the rhombic shape pattern, the knock determining unit 36 determines that the possibility that knock has occurred is medium, and sets the correction term to “ 0.5 ". When the shape determining unit 35 determines that the vibration waveform belongs to the increasing, rectangular, or double-attenuating shape pattern, the knock determining unit 36 determines that the possibility of knocking is low. , The correction term is set to “0.1”. In addition, when the specifying unit 33 does not detect the first point p1 to the third point p3, that is, the three maximum points p whose intensities exceed the predetermined value Vc, the knock determination unit 36 determines that knock has not occurred. Then, the correction term is set to “0”.

  Based on the knock determination (S600), the control unit 37 performs knock control (S700). Specifically, the ignition angle, which is the crank angle for igniting the internal combustion engine 10, is retarded from a predetermined ignition reference angle by a predetermined ignition retard amount. The ignition retard amount is a value obtained by multiplying a predetermined basic ignition retard amount by a correction term.

  Therefore, for example, when the correction term changes from “0” to “1”, the ignition angle is retarded by increasing the ignition retard amount. Hereinafter, such control for retarding the ignition angle is referred to as “ignition retard control”. On the other hand, for example, when the correction term changes from “1” to “0”, the ignition angle is advanced and returns to the ignition reference angle by reducing the ignition retard amount. Hereinafter, the control for advancing the ignition angle in this manner is referred to as “advance angle return control”, and the ignition retard amount reduced by the advance angle return control is referred to as “advance angle return amount”. Excessive ignition retard control can be suppressed by performing the advance return control.

  FIG. 7 is a graph showing a distribution of a shape pattern to which a vibration waveform is determined to belong from the first time t1 and the second time t2. When the first time t1 is larger than the first threshold value T1 (upper) and the second time t2 is larger than the second time t2 (right) (upper right), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the rhombic shape pattern. . When the first time t1 is larger than the first threshold T1 (upper) and the second time t2 is smaller than the second threshold T2 (left) (upper left), the vibration waveform belongs to the increasing shape pattern. Is determined.

  When the first time t1 is smaller than the first threshold value T1 (lower) and the second time t2 is larger than the second threshold value T2 (right) (lower right), the vibration waveform has an attenuation type or a double attenuation type. It is determined that it belongs to the shape pattern. When the first time t1 is smaller than the first threshold T1 (lower) and the second time t2 is smaller than the second threshold T2 (left) (lower left), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to a rectangular shape pattern. Is done.

  According to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. The feature amounts (t1 to t3) are calculated using the above three points (p1 to p3), the shape pattern to which the vibration waveform belongs is determined based on the feature amounts, and knock determination and knock control are performed based on the shape pattern. Therefore, the processing as described in Patent Document 1 becomes unnecessary. Therefore, in performing knock determination and knock control, the processing load can be reduced.

  In the BPF processing (S200), since the detection signal is filtered by the band-pass filter, a part of noise can be removed from the vibration waveform. Therefore, the accuracy of the knock determination (S600) and the knock control (S700) performed based on the vibration waveform can be improved as compared with the case where the vibration is not removed. In addition, since noise is removed by only one type of bandpass filter, a plurality of filtering processes by a plurality of bandpass filters become unnecessary. Therefore, since the detection signal is not separated into a plurality of frequency components, a process of integrating the plurality of frequency components is unnecessary. Therefore, the processing load can be reduced.

  Further, in the three-point specification (S300), the first point p1 in which the intensity first exceeds the predetermined value Vc in each gate open period is set as the first point p1, so that the first point calculated in the feature amount calculation (S400). The time t1 becomes as long as possible. Further, in the three-point specification (S300), the maximum value p at which the intensity finally exceeds the predetermined value Vc within each gate open period is set as the third point p3, and thus the second calculation is performed in the feature value calculation (S400). The time t2 also becomes as long as possible. Therefore, the shape of the vibration waveform can be captured as wide as possible. This makes it easier to grasp the entire shape of the vibration waveform. Therefore, the knock determination (S600) and the knock control (S700), which are performed based on the vibration waveform, can be easily performed with high accuracy.

  Further, in the feature value calculation (S400), it is possible to capture the shape on the front side of the second point p2 in the vibration waveform based on the first time t1. Further, based on the second time t2, the shape behind the second point p2 in the vibration waveform can be grasped. Therefore, by using the second time t2 in addition to the first time t1, the shape before and after the second point p2 in the vibration waveform can be captured. Therefore, it becomes easier to capture the entire shape of the vibration waveform than when capturing only one of the shapes on the front side or the rear side of the second point p2 in the vibration waveform. Therefore, the knock determination (S600) and the knock control (S700), which are performed based on the vibration waveform, can be easily performed with high accuracy.

  Further, in the shape determination (S500), since the shape pattern to which the vibration waveform belongs is determined, it becomes easy to efficiently capture the characteristics of the shape of the vibration waveform.

  In the shape determination (S500), as shown in the lower part of FIG. 7, when the first time t1 is smaller than the first threshold value T1, the vibration waveform may be of an attenuated type (high possibility of knocking). There is. Therefore, in the knock determination (S600), it is easier to largely determine the possibility that knock has occurred, and in knock control (S700), it is easier to increase the ignition retard amount. As described above, it is easy to determine the possibility of occurrence of knock by a simple process, whereby it is easy to perform knock determination (S600) and knock control (S700) by a simple process.

  In the shape determination (S500), as shown on the right side of FIG. 7, when the second time t2 is larger than the second threshold value T2, the vibration waveform may be of an attenuated type (high possibility of knocking). There is. Therefore, in the knock determination (S600), it is easier to largely determine the possibility that knock has occurred, and in knock control (S700), it is easier to increase the ignition retard amount. As described above, it is easy to determine the possibility of occurrence of knock by a simple process, whereby it is easy to perform knock determination (S600) and knock control (S700) by a simple process.

  In the shape determination (S500), when any of the peak intervals t3 shown in FIG. 5E or the like is larger than the predetermined interval threshold value T3, the vibration waveform has the shape of a double attenuation type (the possibility of noise is large). It is likely to belong to the pattern. Therefore, in the knock determination (S600), the possibility that knock has occurred is easily determined to be low, and in the knock control (S700), the ignition retard amount is easily reduced. As described above, it is easy to determine the possibility of occurrence of knock by a simple process, whereby it is easy to perform knock determination (S600) and knock control (S700) by a simple process.

  Further, in the knock control (S700), the ignition retard amount is determined based on the characteristic amounts (t1 to t3), so that the ignition retard amount can be adjusted according to the possibility of knock occurrence. Further, since the advance angle return amount is also determined based on the feature amount (t1 to t3), the advance angle return amount can be adjusted according to the possibility of knocking.

[Second embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the description of the present embodiment, members that are the same as or correspond to those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and only differences from the first embodiment will be described.

  First, parameters used in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Hereinafter, a value obtained by subtracting the intensity at the first point p1 from the intensity at the second point p2 is referred to as an increase amount v1. Further, a value (v1 / t1) obtained by dividing the increase amount v1 by the first time t1 is defined as an increase rate g1. Further, a value obtained by subtracting the intensity at the third point p3 from the intensity at the second point p2 is defined as an attenuation amount v2. Further, a value (v2 / t2) obtained by dividing the attenuation amount v2 by the second time t2 is defined as an attenuation rate g2. In the present embodiment, the calculation unit 34 calculates an increase rate g1 and an attenuation rate g2 as a feature amount in addition to the peak interval t3.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the shape determination (S500) by the shape determination unit 35 of the present embodiment. First, it is determined whether or not the increase rate g1 is larger than a predetermined increase threshold G1 (S521). When it is smaller than the increase threshold G1 (S521: NO), it is determined whether the attenuation rate g2 is smaller than a predetermined attenuation threshold G2 (S524). When it is larger than the attenuation threshold value G2 (S524: NO), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the increasing shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends. On the other hand, when the attenuation rate g2 is smaller than the attenuation threshold value G2 (S524: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the rhombic shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends.

  When it is determined in S521 that the increase rate g1 is larger than the increase threshold G1 (S511: YES), it is determined whether the attenuation rate g2 is smaller than the attenuation threshold G2 (S522). When the damping rate g2 is larger than the damping threshold G2 (S522: NO), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the rectangular shape pattern, and the knock determination (S500) ends.

  On the other hand, if the attenuation rate g2 is smaller than the attenuation threshold G2 (S522: YES), it is determined whether any peak interval t3 is smaller than a predetermined interval threshold T3 (S523). If any one of the peak intervals t3 is larger than the interval threshold T3 (S523: NO), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the shape of the double attenuation type, and the knock determination (S500) is ended. On the other hand, when any of the peak intervals t3 is smaller than the interval threshold T3 (S523: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the attenuation type shape pattern, and the knock determination (S500) ends.

  FIG. 9 is a graph summarizing the distribution of shape patterns determined from the increase rate g1 and the attenuation rate g2. When the increase rate g1 is larger than the increase threshold G1 (upper) and the attenuation rate g2 is larger than the attenuation threshold G2 (right) (upper right), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the rectangular shape pattern. When the increase rate g1 is larger than the increase threshold value G1 (upper) and the attenuation rate g2 is smaller than the attenuation threshold value G2 (left) (upper left), the vibration waveform belongs to the attenuation type or the double attenuation type shape pattern. Is determined.

  When the increase rate g1 is smaller than the increase threshold value G1 (lower) and the attenuation rate g2 is larger than the attenuation threshold value G2 (right) (lower right), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the increasing shape pattern. . When the increase rate g1 is smaller than the increase threshold value G1 (lower) and the attenuation rate g2 is smaller than the attenuation threshold value G2 (left) (lower left), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the rhombic shape pattern.

  According to the present embodiment, in the shape determination (S500), since the increase rate g1 is used, the shape of the front portion of the vibration waveform is captured using the increase amount v1 in addition to the first time t1. Therefore, the shape of the front portion of the vibration waveform can be more easily captured. Further, since the attenuation rate g2 is used, the shape of the rear part of the vibration waveform is captured using the attenuation amount v2 in addition to the second time t2. Therefore, the shape of the rear part of the vibration waveform can be more easily captured.

  Further, in the shape determination (S500), as shown in the upper part of FIG. 9, when the increase rate g1 is larger than the increase threshold value G1, the vibration waveform may belong to the damping type (high knock possibility) shape pattern. There is. Therefore, in the knock determination (S600), the possibility that knock has occurred is easily determined to be high, and in the knock control (S700), the ignition retard amount is easily increased. As described above, it is easy to determine the possibility of occurrence of knock by a simple process, whereby it is easy to perform knock determination (S600) and knock control (S700) by a simple process.

  In the shape determination (S500), when the damping rate g2 is smaller than the damping threshold value G2, as shown on the left side of FIG. 9, the vibration waveform may belong to the damping type (high knock possibility) shape pattern. There is. Therefore, in the knock determination (S600), the possibility that knock has occurred is easily determined to be high, and in the knock control (S700), the ignition retard amount is easily increased. As described above, it is easy to determine the possibility of occurrence of knock by a simple process, whereby it is easy to perform knock determination (S600) and knock control (S700) by a simple process.

[Third embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment will be described. In the description of the present embodiment, members that are the same as or correspond to those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and only differences from the first embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 10 is a graph for explaining the concept of shape determination (S500) and knock determination (S600) in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, the calculation unit 34 calculates, as a feature amount, the slope ratio r, which is a value obtained by dividing the increase rate g1 by the attenuation rate g2, in addition to the peak interval t3 (S400). The determination units 35 and 36 determine that the greater the slope ratio r, the more the waveform component (knock component) closer to the knock waveform, and the smaller the slope ratio r, the more the waveform component (noise component) far from the knock waveform. I do. The details are as shown below.

  FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating the shape determination (S500) by the shape determination unit 35 of the present embodiment. First, it is determined whether any of the peak intervals t3 is greater than the interval threshold T3 (S531). If any one of the peak intervals t3 is larger than the interval threshold T3 (S531: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the bi-attenuated shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends.

  On the other hand, when any of the peak intervals t3 is smaller than the interval threshold T3 (S531: NO), it is determined whether the first point p1 and the second point p2 are the same local maximum point p, that is, the second point having the maximum intensity. It is determined whether or not the point p2 is the head of the array of the maximum points p whose intensity exceeds the predetermined value Vc (S532). If the second point p2 is the head of the array (S532: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the damped shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends.

  On the other hand, when the second point p2 is not the head of the array, whether the second point p2 and the third point p3 are the same maximum point p, that is, the second point p2 having the maximum intensity is determined to have the predetermined intensity It is determined whether or not the end of the sequence at the maximum point p exceeding the value Vc (S533). If the second point p2 is at the end of the sequence (S533: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the increasing shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends.

  On the other hand, when the second point p2 is not at the end of the sequence (S533: NO), the condition that the slope ratio r is larger than the predetermined lower slope ratio threshold R1 and smaller than the predetermined upper slope ratio threshold R2. It is determined whether or not the condition is satisfied (S534). If the inclination ratio r satisfies the condition (S534: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the rhombic shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) is completed.

  On the other hand, when the inclination ratio r does not satisfy the condition (S534: NO), it is determined whether or not the inclination ratio r is larger than the upper inclination ratio threshold R2 (S535). When the slope ratio r is larger than the upper slope ratio threshold R2 (S535: YES), it is determined that the vibration waveform belongs to the damped shape pattern, and the shape determination (S500) ends. On the other hand, when the slope ratio r is smaller than the upper slope ratio threshold R2 (S535: NO), the result at S534 is smaller than the lower slope ratio threshold R1, and the vibration waveform has an increasing shape pattern. And the shape determination (S500) ends.

  According to the present embodiment, in the shape determination (S500), when the inclination ratio r shown in FIG. 10 is larger than the inclination ratio threshold value R2, the vibration waveform can belong to an attenuation type (high knock possibility) shape pattern. High in nature. Therefore, in the knock determination (S600), the possibility that knock has occurred is easily determined to be high, and in the knock control (S700), the ignition retard amount is easily increased. As described above, it is easy to determine the possibility of occurrence of knock by a simple process, whereby it is easy to perform knock determination (S600) and knock control (S700) by a simple process.

[Other embodiments]
This embodiment can be implemented with the following modifications. For example, instead of specifying the first point p1 to the third point p3 from the vibration waveforms shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 or the like, as shown in FIGS. The first point p1 to the third point p3 may be specified from the absolute value waveform indicating the temporal change of the intensity, with the absolute value of the voltage value as the intensity. That is, in this case, in the absolute value waveform, the maximum point at which the intensity first exceeds the predetermined value Vc is the first point p1, the maximum point at which the intensity is the maximum is the second point p2, and the intensity is finally the predetermined value Vc. The maximum point exceeding Vc is the third point p3. According to this embodiment, since the shape of the vibration waveform is grasped not only on the plus side but also on the minus side of the strength of the vibration waveform, the shape of the vibration waveform can be grasped more accurately. At this time, instead of determining the shape pattern to which the vibration waveform belongs, it is also possible to determine the shape pattern to which the absolute value waveform belongs.

  In addition, for example, the BPF process (S200) by the filter unit 32 may be omitted and performed. Further, for example, in the three-point specification (S300), three points are specified from a part of the gate open period, that is, the part of the period is set to the “predetermined period” according to the present invention. It can also be implemented.

  Further, for example, the first point p1 may be changed to any one of the other maximum points p existing before the second point p2, and the embodiment may be performed. In addition, for example, the third point p3 may be changed to any one of the maximum points p existing after the second point p2, and the present invention may be implemented.

  Further, for example, knock determination unit 36 can be implemented as follows. When the shape determining unit 35 determines that the vibration waveform belongs to the attenuation type shape pattern, the knock determining unit 36 determines that knock has occurred, and sets the correction term to “1”. On the other hand, when the shape determining unit 35 determines that the vibration waveform belongs to a shape pattern other than the damping type, the knock determining unit 36 determines that no knock has occurred, and sets the correction term to “0”. I do.

  Further, for example, the shape determination unit 35 may be omitted, and the knock determination unit 36 directly performs the knock determination based on the feature amount. Specifically, for example, the second embodiment can be implemented as follows. When the increase rate g1 is greater than a predetermined upper threshold, knock determination section 36 determines that knock has occurred, and sets the correction term to "1". When the increase rate g1 is smaller than the above upper threshold value and larger than the predetermined lower threshold value, it is determined that the possibility that knock has occurred is moderate, and the correction term is set to “0”. .5 ". If the increase rate g1 is smaller than the lower threshold value, it is determined that the possibility that knock has occurred is low, and the correction term is set to “0.1”.

  Further, for example, in the knock control (S700), instead of performing the ignition retard control, the timing for driving the intake valve 13 is changed to lower the effective compression ratio, thereby performing control to suppress knock. , Can also be implemented.

  Reference Signs List 10: internal combustion engine, 29: knock sensor, 33: specifying unit, 34: calculating unit, 35: shape determining unit, 36: knock determining unit, p: maximum point, p1: first point, p2: second point, p3 ... Third point, t1. First time, t2. Second time, t3. Peak interval, v1. Increase, v2.

Claims (11)

A knock determination device (29, 31-29) having a detection unit (29) for detecting vibration generated in the internal combustion engine (10), and performing knock determination for determining occurrence of knock based on a detection signal from the detection unit. 36)
A waveform obtained based on the detection signal, wherein the intensity of the vibration is represented by a magnitude, and the magnitude of the magnitude is represented by an absolute value of the magnitude of the vibration. From the absolute value waveform, a second point (p2), which is the maximum point at which the intensity is maximum within a predetermined period, among a plurality of maximum points (p) at which the intensity is maximum, and the second point (p2) within the predetermined period. A first point (p1), which is one of the maximum points existing before two points, and a third point (one of the maximum points, which is present after the second point within the predetermined period) p3) a specifying unit (33) for specifying at least three of the maximum points;
A calculating unit (34) for calculating predetermined feature amounts (t1 to t3, g1, g2, r) using at least the three local maximum points;
A determination unit (35, 36) for performing the knock determination based on the feature amount;
Knock determination device having:   A shape determination unit configured to determine a shape pattern to which the vibration waveform or the absolute value waveform belongs based on the feature amount; and a knock determination that performs the knock determination based on the determination by the shape determination unit. The knock determination device according to claim 1, further comprising a unit (36).   The first point is the local maximum point where the intensity first exceeds the predetermined value (Vc) within the predetermined period, and the third point is the last point where the intensity exceeds the predetermined value within the predetermined period. The knock determination device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the maximum point is exceeded. The calculation unit calculates a first time (t1), which is a time from the first point to the second point, as the feature amount,
The determination unit may determine that the knock has occurred in the knock determination when the first time is smaller than a predetermined first threshold (T1) than when the first time is larger than the first threshold. The knock control device according to claim 3, wherein the knock control device is easily determined to be high. The calculation unit calculates a second time (t2), which is a time from the second point to the third point, as the feature amount,
The determination unit may determine that the knock has occurred in the knock determination when the second time is greater than a second threshold (T2) than when the second time is smaller than the second threshold. The knock control device according to claim 3, wherein the knock control device is easily determined to be high. The calculation unit calculates an increase amount (v1), which is a value obtained by subtracting the intensity at the first point from the intensity at the second point, in a time period from the first point to the second point. An increase rate (g1), which is a value divided by a certain first time (t1), is calculated as the feature amount,
The determination unit determines a higher possibility that the knock has occurred in the knock determination when the increase rate is larger than a predetermined increase threshold value (G1) than when the increase rate is smaller than the increase threshold value. The knock control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is easy to perform. The calculation unit calculates an attenuation amount (v2), which is a value obtained by subtracting the intensity at the third point from the intensity at the second point, in a time from the second point to the third point. An attenuation rate (g2), which is a value obtained by dividing by a certain second time (t2), is calculated as the feature amount,
The determination unit determines that the possibility of occurrence of the knock is higher in the knock determination when the attenuation rate is smaller than a predetermined attenuation threshold value (G2) than when the attenuation rate is greater than the attenuation threshold value. The knock control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is easy to perform. An increase (v1), which is a value obtained by subtracting the intensity at the first point from the intensity at the second point, is calculated as a first time (time) from the first point to the second point ( The value divided by t1) is defined as an increase rate (g1),
An attenuation (v2), which is a value obtained by subtracting the intensity at the third point from the intensity at the second point, is calculated as a second time (a time from the second point to the third point). The value divided by t2) is defined as an attenuation rate (g2).
The calculation unit calculates a slope ratio (r), which is a value obtained by dividing the increase rate by the attenuation rate, as the feature amount,
The determination unit may determine that the knock has occurred in the knock determination when the inclination ratio is larger than a predetermined inclination ratio threshold (R2), as compared to when the inclination ratio is smaller than the inclination ratio threshold. The knock control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the knock control device is easily determined to be high. The calculation unit is configured to calculate a peak interval, which is a time period from one of two adjacent maximum points of the plurality of maximum points having the intensity exceeding a predetermined value (Vc) to the other within the predetermined period. (T3) is calculated as the feature amount,
In the knock determination, the determination unit determines that the knock is greater when any one of the peak intervals is larger than a predetermined interval threshold than when any of the peak intervals is smaller than a predetermined interval threshold (T3). The knock control device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the possibility of occurrence of the knock is easily reduced and it is easy to determine.   The knock determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a filter unit (32) configured to filter the detection signal with only one type of bandpass filter to obtain the vibration waveform.   A knock determination device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and a control unit (37) that performs knock control for suppressing occurrence of the knock based on the knock determination by the knock determination device. Knock control device.

Images