JP2020041289A - Opening adjusting device and opening adjusting method for tunnel buffer - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an opening adjusting device and an opening adjusting method for a tunnel buffer capable of easily adjusting the opening degree of the opening of the tunnel buffer in a short time.SOLUTION: An opening adjusting device 6 adjusts the opening degree of an opening 4e formed in the length direction of a tunnel buffer 4 covering a tunnel entrance 3a. An opening degree adjusting unit 10 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e based on the waveform of a compression wave generated when a train enters the tunnel entrance 3a. When a plurality of peaks exist in the pressure gradient waveform, the opening degree adjusting unit 10 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e so that the heights of the respective peaks are substantially equal. The opening degree adjusting unit 10 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e so that the opening 4e becomes smaller when the pressure gradient waveform is rising to the right, and adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e so that the opening 4e becomes larger when the pressure gradient waveform is rising to the left.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to an opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer that adjusts an opening of an opening formed in a length direction of a tunnel buffer covering a tunnel entrance, and a method of adjusting the opening.

  Tunnel dampers are provided with a plurality of discrete windows and long slits in the track direction on the side surface, and it is common to optimize the open / closed state of these in accordance with the train speed and the top shape. . Regarding simple partial closing of windows and slits, closing from two directions, a height direction and a longitudinal direction, can be considered. A conventional tunnel buffer has a side opening whose opening can be adjusted on a side wall of a hood portion installed at a tunnel entrance (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  In such a conventional tunnel buffer 104, as shown in FIG. 19, the size of the opening 104e is changed by adjusting the opening degree of the opening 104e on the side surface of the tunnel buffer 104. In this conventional tunnel buffer 104, the pressure gradient of the compression wave generated in the tunnel 103 when the train head enters the tunnel entrance 103a is appropriately adjusted (set, arranged, etc.) in the opening 104e. It is kept small to reduce tunnel micro-pressure waves. Regarding the opening optimization which is currently generally considered, the optimization of the opening position in the longitudinal direction is considered, and the opening position and the width of the opening are adjusted (hereinafter, referred to as an opening position adjustment method). ). For example, in the opening position adjustment method A shown in FIG. 19A, a plurality of openings 104e having the same opening area are formed in a discrete window shape at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel buffer 104. I have. The opening position adjustment method A is a method of adjusting the size of the plurality of discrete window-shaped openings 104e by changing the positions and the number of closing members 110A such as closing windows. In the opening position adjustment method B shown in FIG. 19B, a plurality of openings 104e having the same opening area are formed in a slit shape at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel buffer 104. In the opening position adjustment method B, the position and width of the closing member 110B such as a sliding door or a lid are changed to partially close the plurality of slit-shaped openings 104e, and this slit-shaped opening 4e is formed. This is a method of adjusting the size of. With respect to the opening position adjustment methods A and B as shown in FIG. 19, the opening in the height direction of the opening is made constant in the longitudinal direction, and this opening (that is, the height of the opening) is optimized. (Hereinafter, referred to as an opening height adjustment method).

JP 2008-019668 A

In the conventional opening position adjustment method A shown in FIG. 19A and the conventional opening position adjustment method B shown in FIG. 19B, a simple method for estimating the relationship between the set opening and the micro-pressure wave is used. However, since there is no effective method for estimating the tendency from past data or the like, there has been a problem that there is no guide for the optimal opening. Therefore, in many cases, the results obtained by examining the relationship between the opening and the micro-pressure wave reduction effect using numerical simulations or model experiments in a brute-force manner are referred to as a database. Becomes For example, in the case of the opening position adjustment method A as shown in FIG. 19A, when changing the position or number of closing the plurality of discrete window-shaped openings 104e, a tunnel buffer having a length of about 30 m is required. Assuming construction, the number of brute-forces is 2 ⁸ = 256, and if the tunnel buffer is twice as long, the number is 2 ¹⁶ = 65536. For commercial operation of the Shinkansen (registered trademark) in the 360 km / h area, a tunnel buffer of 100 m class is also assumed, in which case the brute force will be astronomical.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer and an opening adjusting method for the opening that can adjust the opening of the tunnel buffer to an optimum opening degree in a short time.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by the following means.
Note that description will be given with reference numerals corresponding to the embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, FIG. 5 and FIGS. 8 to 14, an opening formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer (4) covering the tunnel wellhead (3a) is provided. 4e) An opening adjusting device of a tunnel buffer for adjusting the opening of the opening, wherein the opening of the opening is based on a waveform of a pressure wave generated when the moving body (1) enters the tunnel wellhead. An opening adjusting device (6) for a tunnel buffer, comprising an opening adjusting unit (10) for adjusting the opening.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to the first aspect, as shown in FIG. 6, the opening degree adjusting section includes a plurality of peaks (P _{1) in} a gradient waveform of the pressure wave. , P ₂ ), the opening of the opening is adjusted so that the height of each peak becomes substantially equal.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjustment device for a tunnel buffer according to the second aspect, the opening degree adjustment unit is configured to reduce an opening degree of the opening when the gradient waveform of the pressure wave rises rightward. The opening of the opening is adjusted to be smaller (S140), and when the gradient waveform of the pressure wave is rising to the left, the opening of the opening is adjusted so that the opening of the opening is larger (S140). S150) An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to any one of the first to third aspects, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 5, and 8 to 14. Further, the opening adjustment section, when a plurality of the openings are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer, so that the plurality of openings have the same opening, the plurality of openings An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer, wherein the opening is adjusted.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5, 9, and 14 (A), The opening adjustment unit adjusts the opening of the opening by moving a closing member (10a) that closes the opening in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer. It is an opening adjustment device of a tunnel buffer.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to the fifth aspect, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 14A, the opening adjusting section has a slit-shaped opening. The opening of the slit-shaped opening is adjusted by moving the closing member in a direction intersecting the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is the opening. It is an opening adjustment device.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to the fifth aspect, as shown in FIG. 9, when the opening is a discrete window-shaped opening, An opening adjusting device for the tunnel buffer, wherein the opening of the discrete window-shaped opening is adjusted by moving the closing member in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer. It is.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 13 and FIG. The opening adjusting section adjusts the opening of the opening by moving a closing member that closes the opening in the length direction of the tunnel buffer, thereby adjusting the opening of the tunnel buffer. Device.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to the eighth aspect, as shown in FIGS. The opening of the tunnel buffer, wherein the opening of the slit buffer is adjusted by moving the closing member in the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is a slit buffer. It is a section adjusting device.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to the eighth aspect, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the opening adjusting section has an opening having a discrete window shape. By moving the closing member in the length direction of the tunnel buffer, the opening of the discrete window-shaped aperture is adjusted, and the opening of the tunnel buffer is adjusted. is there.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, FIG. 5 and FIGS. 7 to 14, the invention according to claim 11 has an opening (4) formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer (4) covering the tunnel wellhead (3a). 4e) A method of adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffering work for adjusting an opening of the tunnel, wherein the opening of the opening is determined based on a waveform of a pressure wave generated when the moving body (1) enters the tunnel entrance. An opening adjustment step (S140, S150) for adjusting the opening of the tunnel buffer.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting method for a tunnel buffer according to the eleventh aspect, as shown in FIG. 6, in the opening degree adjusting step, a plurality of peaks exist in a gradient waveform of the pressure wave. A method of adjusting the opening of the tunnel buffer, wherein the step of adjusting the opening of the opening so that the heights of the peaks are substantially equal to each other.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the opening adjusting method for a tunnel buffer according to the twelfth aspect, the opening degree adjusting step is such that when the gradient waveform of the pressure wave rises rightward, the opening degree of the opening part is increased. The opening of the opening is adjusted to be smaller (S140), and when the gradient waveform of the pressure wave is rising to the left, the opening of the opening is adjusted so that the opening of the opening is larger (S140). S150) This is a method for adjusting the opening of the tunnel buffer, which includes a step of performing S150).

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to any one of the eleventh to thirteenth aspects, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 5, and 7 to 14, FIG. In the opening adjustment step, when a plurality of the openings are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer, the plurality of openings are formed so that the plurality of openings have the same opening. A method of adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer, comprising a step of adjusting an opening (S140, S150).

  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to any one of the eleventh to fourteenth aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5, 7, 9, and 14A. In the opening adjustment step, the opening degree of the opening is adjusted by moving a closing member (15a) for closing the opening in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer. (S140, S150).

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to the fifteenth aspect, as shown in FIGS. Adjusting the opening of the slit-shaped opening by moving the closing member in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is a slit-shaped opening (S140, S150) This is a method for adjusting the opening of a tunnel buffer.

  According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to the fifteenth aspect, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 9, in the opening adjustment step, the opening is a discrete window-shaped opening. The step (S140, S150) of adjusting the opening of the discrete window-shaped opening by moving the closing member in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer. This is a method of adjusting the opening of a tunnel buffer, which is a feature.

  According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to any one of the eleventh to fourteenth aspects, as shown in FIGS. 7, 10 to 13, and 14B. Preferably, the opening adjustment step includes a step of adjusting the opening of the opening by moving a closing member that closes the opening in the length direction of the tunnel buffer (S140, S150). This is a method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer.

  According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to the eighteenth aspect, as shown in FIGS. 7, 10, 11, and 14B, A step (S140, S150) of adjusting the degree of opening of the slit-shaped opening by moving the closing member in the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is a slit-shaped opening. This is a method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel shock absorber.

  According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, in the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to the eighteenth aspect, as shown in FIGS. 7, 12, and 13, the opening degree adjusting step is such that the opening has a discrete window shape. (S140, S150) by adjusting the degree of opening of the discrete window-shaped opening by moving the closing member in the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is an opening. This is a method of adjusting the opening of the tunnel buffer.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the optimal opening degree of the opening part of a tunnel buffer can be adjusted in a short time.

It is a side view showing typically the opening adjustment device of the tunnel buffer concerning a 1st embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state cut along a line II-II in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state cut along a line III-III in FIG. 2. It is a lineblock diagram of the opening adjustment device of the tunnel buffer concerning a 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a mimetic diagram for explaining adjustment operation of an opening of an opening by an opening adjustment device of a tunnel buffer concerning a 1st embodiment of this invention, and (A) is an opening state of an opening in an initial state. (B) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be small, and (C) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be large. is there. It is a graph which shows typically the pressure gradient waveform computed by the pressure gradient waveform calculation part of the opening part adjustment apparatus of the tunnel shock absorber concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention as an example, (A) is a pressure gradient waveform which goes to the right. (B) is a graph schematically showing a pressure gradient waveform rising to the left, and (C) is a graph schematically showing a pressure gradient waveform when the opening degree of the opening is optimized. It is a graph shown. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the opening adjustment method of the tunnel shock absorber concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows typically the opening adjustment device of the tunnel shock absorber concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a mimetic diagram for explaining adjustment operation of the opening of an opening by the opening adjustment device of the tunnel buffer concerning a 2nd embodiment of this invention, and (A) is an opening of an opening in an initial state. (B) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be small, and (C) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be large. is there. It is a side view showing typically the opening adjustment device of the tunnel buffer concerning a 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a mimetic diagram for explaining adjustment operation of an opening of an opening by an opening adjustment device of a tunnel buffer concerning a 3rd embodiment of this invention, and (A) is an opening of an opening in an initial state. (B) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be small, and (C) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be large. is there. It is a side view showing typically the opening adjustment device of the tunnel buffer concerning a 4th embodiment of this invention. It is a mimetic diagram for explaining adjustment operation of an opening of an opening by an opening adjustment device of a tunnel buffer concerning a 4th embodiment of this invention, and (A) is an opening of an opening in an initial state. (B) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be small, and (C) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be large. is there. It is a mimetic diagram for explaining adjustment operation of an opening of an opening by an opening adjustment device of a tunnel buffer concerning a 4th embodiment of this invention, and (A) is an opening of an opening in an initial state. (B) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be small, and (C) is a schematic diagram when the opening of the opening is adjusted to be large. is there. It is a schematic diagram of a model experiment device used for an experiment of an opening adjustment effect by an opening adjustment device of a tunnel buffer according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the opening degree of the slit type opening and the pressure gradient maximum value ratio by the opening adjusting device of the tunnel buffer according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the minimum value of the pressure gradient maximum value ratio, and buffer length when adjusting to the optimal opening height by the opening control device of the tunnel buffer concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the pressure gradient waveform in a tunnel and the opening height by the opening adjustment device of the tunnel buffer concerning an Example of this invention. It is a side view which shows typically the opening position adjustment method of the conventional tunnel buffer, (A) is a side view which shows typically the opening position adjustment method A of a discrete window shape, (B) is a slit. It is a side view which shows typically opening position adjustment method B of a shape.

(1st Embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The train 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a moving body that moves along the track 2. The train 1 is, for example, a railway vehicle such as a Shinkansen vehicle running at a high speed of 320 km / h or more. The track 2 is a passage (moving route) on which the train 1 runs. As shown in FIG. 2, the track 2 is a double track composed of two main lines, an up main line 2a and a down main line 2b. The tunnel 3 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a fixed structure (civil structure) for passing the train 1 through the ground such as a hillside. As shown in FIG. 2, the tunnel 3 is a double-track railway tunnel (double-track tunnel) in which two main lines 2a and 2b are accommodated in one fixed structure. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the tunnel 3 is provided with a tunnel entrance 3a serving as an entrance for the train 1 to enter and exit.

  The tunnel buffer 4 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a fixed structure (civil engineering structure) that covers the tunnel entrance 3a in order to reduce tunnel micro-pressure waves. As shown in FIG. 2, the tunnel buffer 4 is a double-track entrance buffer (double-track tunnel buffer) that accommodates two main lines 2a and 2b in one tunnel lining. The tunnel buffer 4 reduces the pressure gradient (wave surface gradient) of the compression wave generated when the head of the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3 a on the entrance side of the tunnel 3, thereby reducing the exit side of the tunnel 3. The tunnel micro-pressure wave radiated to the outside from the tunnel entrance (opposite side entrance) of the tunnel is reduced. The tunnel buffer 4 is, for example, a hood-like (cover-like) structure made of concrete, reinforced concrete, or steel plate having a cross-sectional area of about 1.4 to 1.6 times, and as shown in FIGS. The tunnel 3 is constructed to extend along the track 2 to the outside of the tunnel 3a. As shown in FIG. 2, the tunnel buffer 4 has a semicircular cross section when cut along a plane perpendicular to the center line of the tunnel buffer 4. The tunnel buffer 4 includes a buffer entrance (entrance / exit) 4a into and out of which the train 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 enters and exits, and a top part 4b constituting an upper part of the tunnel buffer 4 shown in FIGS. , Side walls 4c and 4d forming side portions of the tunnel buffer 4 shown in FIG. 2, and an opening 4e formed in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel buffer 4 shown in FIGS. The tunnel buffer 4 is constructed to have a length corresponding to the speed of the train 1, and has become longer with the recent increase in speed of the train 1.

  The opening 4e shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a portion for adjusting the pressure gradient of the tunnel micro-pressure wave. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the opening 4 e is formed in a slit shape at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel buffer 4, and has a length L that is longer than the height H. It is formed in a rectangular shape. The openings 4e have the same opening area (H × L). As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the opening 4 e extends through the side walls 4 c and 4 d of the tunnel buffer 4 at predetermined intervals along the moving direction of the train 1 as shown in FIG. 2. 4c and 4d, respectively. The opening 4e is adjusted to a shape such that the gradient of the compression wave generated when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3a is as small as possible. It is closed to obtain the optimum shape depending on the part shape.

  The pressure wave detection device 5 illustrated in FIG. 4 is a device that detects a pressure wave generated when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3a. The pressure wave detection device 5 is, for example, a pressure conversion device such as a pressure gauge that detects a compression wave generated in the tunnel 3 when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3a, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. . The pressure wave detecting device 5 is installed in the tunnel 3 separated from the tunnel entrance 3a by a predetermined distance (for example, about 100 m). The pressure wave detection device 5 outputs the detected compression wave to the opening adjustment device 6 as a pressure wave detection signal (pressure wave information).

  The opening adjustment device 6 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 is a device for adjusting the opening of the opening 4 e formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. Here, the opening degree is a ratio (opening ratio) representing the open / closed state of the opening 4e. The opening is, for example, 100% when the opening 4e is in a fully open state, 0% when the opening 4e is in a fully closed state, and 50% when the opening 4e is in a half open state. . As shown in FIG. 6, the opening adjusting device 6 adjusts the opening of the opening 4e as shown in FIG. 5, based on the waveform of the pressure wave generated when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3a. To reduce tunnel micro-pressure waves. As shown in FIG. 5, the opening adjustment device 6 opens and closes the plurality of openings 4e simultaneously at the same ratio so that the sizes of the plurality of openings 4e change, and opens the plurality of openings 4e. Adjust the degree. The opening adjusting device 6 opens and closes the plurality of openings 4e only in the height direction and adjusts the size of the plurality of openings 4e. Adjust optimally. As shown in FIG. 4, the opening adjustment device 6 includes a pressure wave information input unit 7, a pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8, a waveform evaluation unit 9, an opening adjustment unit 10, a driving unit 11, and a control unit. 12 and the like.

  The pressure wave information input unit 7 shown in FIG. 4 is a means for inputting the pressure wave information output by the pressure wave detection device 5. The pressure wave information input unit 7 outputs the pressure wave information output by the pressure wave detection device 5 to the control unit 12. The pressure wave information input unit 7 is, for example, an interface (I / F) circuit for inputting pressure wave information from the pressure wave detection device 5 to the control unit 12.

  The pressure gradient waveform calculator 8 is a means for calculating a pressure gradient waveform based on the detection result of the pressure wave detector 5. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8 generates a pressure gradient as shown in FIG. 6 based on a waveform of a pressure wave generated in the tunnel 3 when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3 a. Calculate the waveform. Here, the pressure gradient waveform is a time derivative waveform of a compression wave generated in the tunnel 3 when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3a. The vertical axis shown in FIG. 6 is a pressure gradient, and the horizontal axis is time. The pressure gradient waveform calculator 8 outputs the calculated pressure gradient waveform to the controller 12 as a pressure gradient waveform signal (pressure gradient waveform information).

The waveform evaluation section 9 shown in FIG. 4 is means for evaluating whether or not the heights of the peaks P ₁ and P ₂ are substantially equal when a plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ exist in the pressure gradient waveform. . The waveform evaluation unit 9 evaluates, for example, whether or not a plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ exist in a pressure gradient waveform as shown in FIG. When a plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ are present in the pressure gradient waveform calculated by the pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8, the waveform evaluation unit 9 compares the magnitudes (peak values) of the plurality of peaks P ₁ and P _2. I do. The waveform evaluation unit 9 determines whether the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right (peak P ₁ <peak P ₂ ) as shown in FIG. 6A or the pressure gradient waveform rises to the left as shown in FIG. (Peak P ₁ > Peak P ₂ ) is evaluated. The waveform evaluation unit 9 outputs to the control unit 12 the evaluation result of whether the pressure gradient waveform is rising to the right or rising to the left as a waveform evaluation signal (waveform evaluation information).

  The opening adjustment unit 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5 is a unit that adjusts the opening of the opening 4e based on the waveform of a pressure wave generated when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3a. When a plurality of openings 4e as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5 are present in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the openings of the plurality of openings 4e. I do. The opening adjuster 10 simultaneously adjusts the opening of the opening 4e on the side wall 4c and the opening of the opening 4e on the side wall 4d shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the opening degree adjusting unit 10 includes a closing member 10a that closes the opening 4e, and the position of the plurality of openings 4e is adjusted by adjusting the position of the closing member 10a in the vertical direction. Adjust the opening. The closing member 10a is guided by a guide portion so as to be movable in the height direction of the opening 4e. The closing member 10a is, for example, a single long plate or a plurality of shutter-shaped opening / closing members made of synthetic resin or metal, and can simultaneously adjust the opening degrees of the plurality of openings 4e.

The opening adjustment unit 10 adjusts the opening of the opening 4e based on the evaluation result of the waveform evaluation unit 9. As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, the opening degree adjustment unit 10 moves the closing member 10 a in a direction (height direction) intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4, thereby opening the opening. Adjust the opening of 4e. When a plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ are present in the pressure gradient waveform as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the opening adjustment unit 10 adjusts each peak P ₁ as shown in FIG. , adjusting the opening of the opening 4e so that the height of the P ₂ are substantially equal. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 (A), when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right as shown in FIG. 6 (A), the opening degree adjusting unit 10 adjusts the opening 4e so that the opening 4e becomes smaller as shown in FIG. 5 (B). height smaller H the height H ₁ from the height H ₀ and (lower) by adjusting the opening of the opening 4e of. On the other hand, for example, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), when the pressure gradient waveform is rising to the left as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the opening adjustment unit 10 adjusts the opening so that the opening 4e becomes large as shown in FIG. 5 (C). increasing the height H of the part 4e to the height a height from H ₀ H ₂ (high) to adjust the opening degree of the opening 4e. As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, when a plurality of openings 4e are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4, as shown in FIGS. The opening degree of the plurality of openings 4e is adjusted so that the opening degree becomes equal to the opening degree.

  The drive unit 11 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is a unit that drives the opening adjustment unit 10 based on the evaluation result of the waveform evaluation unit 9. The drive unit 11 drives the opening degree adjustment unit 10 so that the opening degree adjustment unit 10 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e. The driving unit 11 is a driving force generating device such as a power cylinder, an electric motor, or a linear motor that generates a driving force for moving the closing member 10a in the height direction of the opening 4e. As shown in FIG. 5B, when reducing the size of the opening 4e, the drive unit 11 raises the closing member 10a so that the closing member 10a closes the opening 4e. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5C, when increasing the size of the opening 4e, the driving unit 11 lowers the closing member 10a so that the closing member 10a opens the opening 4e.

The control unit 12 illustrated in FIG. 4 is a central processing unit (CPU) that controls various operations related to the opening adjustment device 6. The control unit 12 performs a predetermined opening adjustment process according to the opening adjustment program. The control unit 12 outputs, for example, the pressure wave information output by the pressure wave detection device 5 to the pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8, instructs the pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8 to calculate the pressure gradient waveform, The pressure gradient waveform information output by the calculation unit 8 is output to the waveform evaluation unit 9 and the waveform evaluation unit 9 is instructed to evaluate whether or not the heights of the peaks P ₁ and P ₂ of the pressure gradient waveform are substantially equal. Or instruct the waveform evaluation unit 9 to evaluate whether the pressure gradient waveform is rising to the right or to the left, to instruct the drive unit 11 to drive the closing member 10a of the opening degree adjustment unit 10, and to evaluate the waveform. The drive of the drive unit 11 is controlled based on the waveform evaluation information output from the unit 9. The control unit 12 is communicably connected to the pressure wave information input unit 7, the pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8, the waveform evaluation unit 9, the drive unit 11, and the like.

Next, a method of adjusting the opening of the tunnel buffer according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Hereinafter, description will be made focusing on the operation of the control unit 12 shown in FIG.
In step (hereinafter, referred to as S) 100 shown in FIG. 7, control unit 12 determines whether or not pressure wave detecting device 5 has detected a pressure wave. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3 a, a compression wave is generated in the tunnel 3 in front of the train 1, and the compression wave propagates through the tunnel 3. The tunnel micro-pressure wave, which is a pulse-like pressure wave substantially proportional to the pressure gradient of the above, is radiated outside from the tunnel entrance 3a on the side opposite to the entry-side tunnel entrance 3a. For example, when the train detection device detects the entry of the train 1 into the tunnel entrance 3a, power is supplied from the power supply device to the opening adjustment device 6, and the control unit 12 performs a series of opening adjustment processes according to the opening adjustment program. Start. In the initial state, as shown in FIG. 5A, the height H of the opening 4e is set to the height H ₀ of the initial set value. The pressure wave detecting device 5 detects the compression wave propagating in the tunnel 3, and the pressure wave detecting device 5 outputs the pressure wave information to the pressure wave information input unit 7 of the opening adjusting device 6. When the control unit 12 determines that the pressure wave information has been input, the process proceeds to S110, and when the control unit 12 determines that the pressure wave information has not been input, the control unit 12 ends a series of opening adjustment processes.

  In S110, the pressure gradient waveform calculator 8 calculates a pressure gradient waveform based on the detection result of the pressure wave detector 5. When pressure wave information is input to the control unit 12 from the pressure wave detection device 5 through the pressure wave information input unit 7, the control unit 12 outputs the pressure wave information to the pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8 and calculates the pressure gradient waveform. The control unit 12 instructs the pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8. As a result, the pressure gradient waveform calculator 8 calculates a pressure gradient waveform as shown in FIG. 6, and the pressure gradient waveform calculator 8 outputs pressure gradient waveform information to the controller 12.

In S120, the waveform evaluation unit 9 evaluates whether the plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ of the pressure gradient waveform are substantially the same. When the pressure gradient waveform information is input from the pressure gradient waveform calculation unit 8 to the control unit 12, the control unit 12 outputs the pressure gradient waveform information to the waveform evaluation unit 9 and, as shown in FIG. The control unit 12 instructs the waveform evaluation unit 9 to evaluate whether the plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ are substantially the same. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, when the waveform evaluation unit 9 evaluates that the plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ of the pressure gradient waveform are not the same, the process proceeds to S130, and the plurality of peaks P of the pressure gradient waveform are determined. _1, when P ₂ waveform evaluation unit 9 and is approximately the same has been evaluated, the control unit 12 ends the series of openings adjustment process.

In S130, the waveform evaluation unit 9 evaluates whether or not the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right. As shown in FIG. 6 (A), or lower pressure gradient waveforms than the peak P ₁ is the peak P ₂ of the pressure gradient waveforms are right-up, the peak P ₁ of the pressure gradient waveforms as shown in FIG. 6 (B) There higher than the peak P _2, the pressure gradient waveforms or waveform evaluation unit 9 evaluates a left-side up. The waveform evaluation unit 9 evaluates whether or not the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right, and the waveform evaluation unit 9 outputs waveform evaluation information to the control unit 12. When the waveform evaluation unit 9 evaluates that the pressure gradient waveform is rising to the right as shown in FIG. 6 (A), the process proceeds to S140, and when the pressure gradient waveform is rising to the left as shown in FIG. 6 (B). When the evaluation unit 9 evaluates, the process proceeds to S150.

In S140, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the opening 4e so that the opening 4e becomes smaller. As shown in FIG. 6A, when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right, the control unit 12 controls the driving of the driving unit 11 so that the opening 4e becomes small as shown in FIG. The opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the opening 4e. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5 (B), the drive unit 11 is closing member 10a a predetermined amount above (for example, about 0.2 m) only driven, height height H of the opening 4e is from the height H ₀ opening 4e is reduced becomes the lower the H _1. As a result, increases the peak P ₂ becomes lower peak P ₁ of the pressure gradient waveform shown in FIG. 6 (A). When the opening degree adjusting unit 10 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e, the process returns to S120, and after S120, the plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ of the pressure gradient waveform become substantially the same as shown in FIG. The control unit 12 repeats the processing.

In S150, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the opening 4e so that the opening 4e becomes larger. As shown in FIG. 6B, when the pressure gradient waveform is rising to the left, the control unit 12 controls the driving of the driving unit 11 so that the opening 4e becomes large, and the opening of the opening 4e is changed to the opening. The adjusting unit 10 adjusts. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5 (C), the drive unit 11 is closing member 10a a predetermined amount downward (for example, about 0.2 m) only driven, height height H of the opening 4e is from the height H ₀ highly becomes the opening 4e is increased to H _2. As a result, the peak P _2, the higher the peak P ₁ of the pressure gradient waveforms shown in FIG. 6 (B) is lowered. When the opening degree adjusting unit 10 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e, the process returns to S120, and after S120, the plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ of the pressure gradient waveform become substantially the same as shown in FIG. The control unit 12 repeats the processing.

The opening adjusting device and the opening adjusting method for the tunnel buffer according to the first embodiment of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) In the first embodiment, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the opening 4e based on the waveform of the pressure wave generated when the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3a. For this reason, the opening degree of each opening 4e can be changed uniformly to optimize the opening degree of the opening 4e. As a result, it is possible to greatly reduce the time required for adjusting the optimal opening degree of the opening 4e and the number of trials, and it is possible to almost certainly obtain the optimal solution of the opening degree of the opening 4e. For example, compared to the conventional opening position adjustment method A shown in FIG. 19A and the conventional opening position adjustment method B shown in FIG. In addition, the optimum opening degree of the opening 4e can be easily adjusted in a short time.

(2) In the first embodiment, when a plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ exist in the pressure gradient waveform, the opening degree of the opening 4 e is set so that the heights of the peaks P ₁ and P ₂ are substantially equal. Is adjusted by the opening adjustment unit 10. For this reason, a pressure gradient waveform is calculated from a waveform of a pressure wave generated each time the train 1 enters the tunnel entrance 3a, and an opening is formed so that a plurality of peaks P ₁ and P ₂ existing in the pressure gradient waveform are aligned. The opening of 4e can be easily adjusted. Since the peak value of the tunnel micro-pressure wave and the peak value of the pressure gradient in the tunnel 3 are substantially proportional to each other, reducing the peak value of the pressure gradient is a countermeasure against the tunnel micro-pressure wave. Even if the size of the opening 4e of the tunnel buffer 4 is changed, the amount of pressure increase of the compression wave in the tunnel 3 does not change, so that the integrated value of the pressure gradient is not affected by the change in the size of the opening 4e. In the first embodiment, the plurality of peaks P ₁ and P _{2 of} the pressure gradient waveform have the same height by setting the aperture 4e to the optimum value. For this reason, the peaks P ₁ and P ₂ of the pressure gradient are dispersed, the peak value of the pressure gradient is reduced, and the tunnel micro-pressure wave can be reduced.

(3) In the first embodiment, when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right, the opening degree of the opening 4e is adjusted by the opening degree adjusting unit 10 so that the opening degree of the opening 4e becomes small. Further, in the first embodiment, when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the left, the opening degree adjusting section 10 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e so that the opening degree of the opening 4e increases. Therefore, the degree of opening of the opening 4e can be optimized in a short time by evaluating whether the pressure gradient waveform is rising rightward or rising leftward.

(4) In the first embodiment, when a plurality of openings 4e are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4, the plurality of openings 4e have the same opening degree. The opening degree adjusting section 10 adjusts the opening degree of the section 4e. Therefore, there is no need to individually adjust the positions and the number of the openings as in the conventional opening position adjustment methods A and B shown in FIG. 19, and the operation is optimal while maintaining the effect of reducing the tunnel micro-pressure wave. The opening degree of the opening 4e can be easily adjusted in a short time.

(5) In the first embodiment, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the opening 4e by moving the closing member 10a in a direction intersecting the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. Therefore, for example, the openings of the plurality of openings 4e can be simultaneously adjusted, and the openings 4e can be adjusted to the optimum opening in a short time.

(6) In the first embodiment, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the slit-shaped opening 4e by moving the closing member 10a in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. . For this reason, the complicated operation of changing the position and width of the closing member 110B and partially adjusting the slit-shaped opening 104e as in the conventional opening position adjustment method B shown in FIG. As a result, the work load can be significantly reduced by a simple operation of adjusting only the height H of the slit-shaped opening 4e.

(2nd Embodiment)
Hereinafter, the same portions as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.
The openings 4e shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are different from the openings 4e shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, and are formed in discrete windows at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel buffer 4. It is formed in a square shape in which the height H and the width W are substantially the same. The openings 4e have the same opening area (H × W). The opening 4e penetrates the side walls 4c and 4d of the tunnel buffer 4 and is formed continuously with the side walls 4c and 4d, respectively, similarly to the opening 4e shown in FIG.

The opening adjustment device 6 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is similar to the opening adjustment device 6 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 by an opening height adjustment method for opening and closing a plurality of openings 4e in the height direction. The openings of the plurality of openings 4e are adjusted optimally. 8 and 9, when a plurality of openings 4e are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the plurality of openings 4e have the same opening. Thus, the opening degree of the plurality of openings 4e is adjusted. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 (A), when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right as shown in FIG. 6 (A), the opening degree adjusting unit 10 adjusts the opening 4e so that the opening 4e becomes smaller as shown in FIG. 9 (B). height smaller H the height H ₁ from the height H ₀ and (lower) by adjusting the opening of the opening 4e of. On the other hand, for example, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the left as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the opening degree adjuster 10 adjusts the opening so that the opening 4e becomes larger as shown in FIG. 9 (C). increasing the height H of the part 4e to the height a height from H ₀ H ₂ (high) to adjust the opening degree of the opening 4e.

  As shown in FIG. 9B, the drive unit 11 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 raises the closing member 10a so as to close the opening 4e when closing the opening 4e. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9C, when increasing the size of the opening 4e, the drive unit 11 lowers the closing member 10a so that the closing member 10a opens the opening 4e.

The opening adjusting device and the opening adjusting method for a tunnel buffer according to the second embodiment of the present invention have the following effects in addition to the effects of the first embodiment.
In the second embodiment, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the discrete window-shaped opening 4e by moving the closing member 10a in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the position and width of the closing member 110A and partially adjust the discrete window-shaped opening 104e as in the conventional opening position adjustment method A shown in FIG. Thus, the work load can be greatly reduced by a simple operation of adjusting only the height H of the discrete window-shaped opening 4e.

(Third embodiment)
The opening 4e shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is formed in a slit shape at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel buffer 4, similarly to the opening 4e shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 5. , Is formed in an elongated rectangular shape having a length L longer than the height H. The opening adjustment device 6 illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11 is different from the opening adjustment devices 6 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, 8, and 9, and has an opening length that opens and closes the plurality of openings 4 e in the length direction. The opening degree of the plurality of openings 4e is optimally adjusted by the adjustment method. The opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the plurality of openings 4e by adjusting the horizontal position of the closing member 10a. The opening degree adjusting unit 10 adjusts the opening degree of the opening 4e by moving the closing member 10a in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4 as shown in FIGS. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 (A), when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right as shown in FIG. 6 (A), the opening degree adjuster 10 reduces the opening 4e so that the opening 4e becomes smaller as shown in FIG. 11 (B). small the length L ₁ of the length L from a length L ₀ (short) to adjust the opening degree of the opening 4e. On the other hand, for example, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the left as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the opening degree adjuster 10 adjusts the opening so that the opening 4e becomes larger as shown in FIG. 11 (C). large parts 4e length L to the length L ₀ length of L ₂ (long) to adjust the opening degree of the opening 4e. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, when a plurality of openings 4 e are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4, the plurality of openings 4 e have the same opening as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Thus, the opening degree of the plurality of openings 4e is adjusted.

As shown in FIG. 11B, when reducing the size of the opening 4e, the driving unit 11 enlarges the closing member 10a so that the closing member 10a closes the opening 4e. The drive unit 11 drives the opening degree adjustment unit 10 so that the opening degree adjustment unit 10 expands by a predetermined amount (for example, about 0.2 m), and changes the length L of the opening 4 e from the length L _0. shortened to the length L ₁ to reduce the opening 4e by. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11C, when increasing the opening 4e, the driving unit 11 reduces the closing member 10a so that the closing member 10a opens the opening 4e. Driving unit 11, for example, a predetermined amount opening regulating unit 10 (for example, about 0.2 m) by so as to reduce, in long length L ₁ the length L of the opening 4e of the length L ₀ opening 4e is increased.

The opening adjusting device and the method of adjusting the opening of the tunnel buffer according to the third embodiment of the present invention have the following effects in addition to the effects of the first and second embodiments.
(1) In the third embodiment, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the opening 4e by moving the closing member 10a in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. Therefore, for example, the openings of the plurality of openings 4e can be simultaneously adjusted, and the openings 4e can be easily adjusted to the optimum opening in a short time.

(2) In the third embodiment, the opening adjusting section 10 adjusts the opening of the slit-shaped opening 4e by moving the closing member 10a in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. For this reason, the complicated operation of changing the position and width of the closing member 110B and partially adjusting the slit-shaped opening 104e as in the conventional opening position adjustment method B shown in FIG. As a result, the work load can be greatly reduced by a simple operation of adjusting only the length L of the slit-shaped opening 4e.

(Fourth embodiment)
The opening 4e shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 is formed in a discrete window shape at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel buffer 4, similarly to the opening 4e shown in FIGS. It is formed in a square shape in which the height H and the width W are almost the same. The opening adjustment device 6 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 is similar to the opening adjustment device 6 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 by an opening length adjustment method for opening and closing a plurality of openings 4e in the length direction. The degree of opening of the plurality of openings 4e is adjusted optimally. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 (A), when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right as shown in FIG. 6 (A), the opening degree adjuster 10 reduces the opening 4e so that the opening 4e becomes smaller as shown in FIG. 13 (B). reducing the width W from the width W ₀ in the width W ₁ (narrow) to adjust the opening degree of the opening 4e. On the other hand, for example, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the left as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the opening adjustment unit 10 adjusts the opening so that the opening 4e becomes larger as shown in FIG. 13 (C). increasing the width W of the part 4e from the width W ₀ in the width W ₂ and (broadly) adjusting the opening of the opening 4e. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, when a plurality of openings 4 e are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4, the plurality of openings 4 e have the same opening as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Thus, the opening degree of the plurality of openings 4e is adjusted.

  The drive unit 11 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 expands the closing member 10a such that the closing member 10a closes the opening 4e when the opening 4e is reduced as shown in FIG. 13B. . On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 13C, when increasing the opening 4e, the drive unit 11 reduces the closing member 10a so that the closing member 10a opens the opening 4e.

An opening adjusting device and an opening adjusting method for a tunnel buffer according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention have the following effects in addition to the effects of the first to third embodiments. .
In the fourth embodiment, the opening adjuster 10 adjusts the opening of the discrete window-shaped opening 4 e by moving the closing member 10 a in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the position and width of the closing member 110A and partially adjust the discrete window-shaped opening 104e as in the conventional opening position adjustment method A shown in FIG. Thus, the work load can be significantly reduced by a simple operation of adjusting only the width W of the discrete window-shaped opening 4e.

(Fifth embodiment)
The tunnel buffer 4 shown in FIG. 14 includes a plurality of openings 4e formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4 and having different sizes. The opening adjustment device 6 shown in FIG. 14A optimally adjusts the degree of opening of the plurality of openings 4e by an opening height adjustment method for opening and closing the plurality of openings 4e in the height direction. On the other hand, the opening adjustment device 6 shown in FIG. 14B differs from the opening adjustment device 6 shown in FIG. 14A by an opening length adjustment method for opening and closing a plurality of openings 4e in the length direction. The openings of the plurality of openings 4e are adjusted optimally. As shown in FIG. 14, when a plurality of openings 4e having different sizes are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4 as shown in FIG. 14, the plurality of openings 4e have the same opening. The opening degree of the plurality of openings 4e is adjusted so as to be as follows. The opening adjustment unit 10 simultaneously adjusts the openings of the plurality of openings 4e so that the plurality of openings 4e having different sizes change to the same opening. The opening adjustment unit 10 shown in FIG. 14A adjusts the opening of the opening 4 e by moving the closing member 10 a in a direction (height direction) intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. I do. On the other hand, the opening adjuster 10 shown in FIG. 14B adjusts the opening of the opening 4 e by moving the closing member 10 a in the length direction of the tunnel buffer 4. In the fifth embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first to fourth embodiments, the opening degree of each of the openings 4e of the tunnel buffer 4 having a different size from each other is reduced for a short time. Can be adjusted easily.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
(Model experiment)
In order to investigate the performance of the tunnel buffer model shown in Fig. 15, a vehicle model was driven into the tunnel model using the super-high-speed train model launcher of the National Railways Research Institute, and installed at a position 1m from the tunnel entrance. The waveform of the compression wave in the tunnel was measured by the pressure gauge. The pressure gradient waveform was obtained from the central difference.

The scale of the model experiment was 1/127 considering the mirror image of the 63.4m ² Shinkansen tunnel. A pipe with an inner diameter of 100 mm was used for the tunnel model. The vehicle model had a vehicle / tunnel cross-sectional area ratio (blockage ratio) of 0.19, a total length of 1000 mm, and a head length of 15 m, and the head shape was a spheroid, the center of a buffer model, or an eccentric running equivalent to a Shinkansen train. The model entry speed was mainly 360 km / h. The buffer model has a slit-type opening of 9m x 1.3m (excluding mirror image, actual size of 71mm x 10mm) every 10m of actual scale, and 2.5m x 1.3m (excluding mirror image, every 3.2m of actual scale) And a model having a square discrete window type opening (actual size 20 mm × 10 mm). The buffer model of the slit-type opening corresponds to the tunnel buffer of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, and the buffer model of the discrete window-type opening corresponds to the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Corresponds to the form of tunnel buffer. The ratio of the tunnel buffer / tunnel cross-sectional area (hereinafter referred to as the cross-sectional area ratio) was set to 1.4, and the vehicle model was shifted to the opening side from the center of the buffer model taking into account the center running of the vehicle model and the actual double-track running of Shinkansen vehicles. Eccentric running was carried out.

(Height adjustment of slit-type opening and discrete window-type opening)
With regard to the buffer model of the slit-type opening, the effect of adjusting the slit-type opening was examined by changing only the height of the plurality of slit-type openings using the lid. With regard to the buffer model of the discrete window type opening, the effect of adjusting the discrete window type opening was examined by changing only the height of the plurality of discrete window type openings using the lid.

(Experimental result)
The graph shown in FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the opening degree and the pressure gradient maximum value ratio. The vertical axis shown in FIG. 16 is the pressure gradient maximum value ratio, and the horizontal axis is the opening. Here, the maximum value ratio pressure gradient α = (∂p / ∂t _max There hood) / (∂p / ∂t _max without buffering Engineering), opening degree of the H ₀ to H ₂ as shown in FIG. 5 H It corresponds to the amount divided by. σ is a sectional area ratio, and L is a tunnel buffer length (actual size). As shown in FIG. 16, there is one opening at which the pressure gradient maximum value ratio α is minimum under any of the conditions of slit window / center running, discrete window / center running, and discrete window / eccentric running. In these, the change of the pressure gradient maximum value ratio α was almost monotonic with respect to the opening, and had one minimum value. Thus, it was confirmed that there was clearly an optimum opening. Also, when the cross-sectional area ratios σ = 1 and σ = 1.4, the optimum opening was almost the same, and it was confirmed that the longer the tunnel buffer, the smaller the optimum opening.

  The graph shown in FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the minimum value of the pressure gradient maximum value ratio and the buffer length when the opening degree is adjusted to the optimum. The vertical axis shown in FIG. 17 is the minimum value of the pressure gradient maximum value ratio α, and the horizontal axis is the tunnel buffer length (m). The "position adjustment method" shown in FIG. 17 is an experimental result corresponding to the conventional opening position adjustment method B shown in FIG. The “height adjustment method” is an experimental result corresponding to the opening height adjustment method for adjusting only the height of the slit-shaped opening 4 e shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 5. As shown in FIG. 17, the conventional opening position adjustment method B and the opening height adjustment method have the same pressure gradient maximum value ratio, and the performance of the optimum opening is almost the same. It was confirmed that there was an equivalent micropressure wave reduction effect.

  The graph shown in FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the pressure gradient waveform in the tunnel and the opening when the tunnel buffer length (actual size) L = 30 m and the cross-sectional area ratio σ = 1.4. The vertical axis shown in FIG. 18 is the pressure gradient Δp / Δt, and the horizontal axis is time. As shown in FIG. 18, when the opening is 0.38 or 0.5, which is larger than the optimum value (0.03) (when the opening is too open), the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right. On the other hand, when the opening is smaller than the optimum value and the opening is 0.23 (when the opening is too closed), the pressure gradient waveform rises to the left. When the opening is the optimum value of the opening 0.33, two peaks (or a plurality of peaks) of the pressure gradient waveform are almost aligned. As described above, in the height adjustment method of the slit-type opening, the optimum solution was obtained in only a few trials, and the time required for the optimization was much shorter than in the conventional position adjustment method of the discrete window-type opening. It was confirmed that the reduction was possible. It was confirmed that this tendency was common in other conditions.

(Other embodiments)
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications or changes can be made as described below, and these are also within the scope of the present invention.
(1) In this embodiment, the case where the moving body is the train 1 has been described as an example. However, the present invention can be applied to other moving bodies such as a magnetic levitation railway or an automobile. In this embodiment, the case where the fixed structures are the tunnel 3 and the tunnel buffer 4 has been described as an example, but the fixed structure is not limited to these. For example, an eaves-shaped snowshed (avalanche protection) that covers the track from the hillside slope to pass through the avalanche, a snow shelter that covers the track to prevent the occurrence of snow accumulation on the track due to snowstorm and snowstorm, Rockfall cover (rockfall protection) that covers the track to allow the falling or falling rocks to pass, bridges or viaducts that cross the track three-dimensionally, and bridge stations that have a station bookstore at the top of the track The present invention can also be applied to a fixed structure such as a (bridge building) and an overpass bridged over the track to cross the track. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the case where the train 1 is a Shinkansen train has been described as an example, but a conventional train running on a conventional line, or a new train capable of running a Shinkansen and a conventional line mutually can be used. The present invention can be applied to a train for direct operation.

(2) In this embodiment, the case where the track 2 is a double track has been described as an example. However, the present invention can be applied to a case where the track 2 is a single track or a double track. Further, in this embodiment, the case where the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel buffer 4 is a semicircle has been described as an example. Can be. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the case where the shape of the opening 4e is a quadrangle has been described as an example, but the present invention can also be applied to a case where the shape is a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.

(3) In this embodiment, the case where the opening 4e is formed in the length direction of the side walls 4c and 4d of the tunnel buffer 4 has been described as an example. The present invention can be applied to a case where the opening 4e is formed in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, the case where a plurality of openings 4e are formed in the tunnel buffer 4 has been described. However, the present invention is also applied to a case where a single opening 4e is formed in the tunnel buffer 4. be able to. Further, in this embodiment, the tunnel buffer 4 having the slit-shaped or discrete window-shaped opening 4e has been described as an example, but a tunnel buffer constructed by combining the slit-shaped and discrete window-shaped opening 4e, The present invention can also be applied to a tunnel buffer in which a plurality of slit-shaped and discrete window-shaped openings 4e having different sizes are combined.

(4) In this embodiment, the case where the compression wave generated in the tunnel 3 is detected by the pressure wave detection device 5 has been described as an example. However, from the tunnel entrance 3a on the side opposite to the side where the train 1 enters. The present invention can also be applied to a case where a micro-pressure wave radiated to the outside is detected by the pressure wave detecting device 5. Further, in this embodiment, the case where the closing member 10a is a long plate-shaped or shutter-shaped opening / closing member has been described as an example. The present invention can also be applied to the case where

(5) In this embodiment, the case where the opening degree of the opening 4e is adjusted so that the heights of the _two peaks P ₁ and P ₂ of the pressure gradient waveform are substantially equal has been described as an example. The present invention can also be applied to a case where the opening degree of the opening 4e is adjusted such that the heights of three or more peaks of the waveform are substantially equal. In this embodiment, the opening 4e is made smaller when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right, and the opening 4e is made larger when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the left. The adjusting operation of the adjusting unit 10 is not limited. For example, the present invention can be applied to a case where the opening 4e is enlarged when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the right and the opening 4e is decreased when the pressure gradient waveform rises to the left.

(6) In this embodiment, an example in which the opening adjustment unit 10 is automatically controlled so that the peaks P ₁ and P ₂ of the pressure gradient waveform are substantially the same and the opening of the opening 4 e is optimally adjusted. As described above, the pressure gradient waveform is displayed on the screen of the display device, and the opening degree adjustment unit 10 is manually operated so that the peaks P ₁ and P _{2 of} the pressure gradient waveform become substantially the same. The present invention can also be applied to a case where the opening of 4e is adjusted optimally. Further, in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the case where the plurality of openings 4e are opened and closed by one closing member 10a has been described as an example, but the plurality of closing members corresponding to each opening 4e is described. The present invention can be applied to a case where a plurality of openings 4e are respectively opened and closed by 10a.

1 train (mobile)
2 Orbit 3 Tunnel 3a Tunnel entrance 4 Tunnel buffer 4a Buffer entrance 4b Top 4c, 4d Side wall 4e Opening 5 Pressure wave detector 6 Opening adjuster 7 Pressure wave information input unit 8 Pressure gradient waveform calculation 9 Waveform evaluation unit 10 degree adjustment unit 11 drive unit 12 control unit H, H ₀ ~H ₂ height P _1, P ₂ peak W, W ₀ ~W ₂ width L, L ₀ ~L ₂ length

Claims (20)

An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer that adjusts an opening degree of an opening formed in a length direction of a tunnel buffer covering a tunnel entrance,
Based on a waveform of a pressure wave generated when a moving body rushes into the tunnel wellhead, comprising an opening adjustment unit that adjusts the opening of the opening,
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. The opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to claim 1,
When the plurality of peaks are present in the gradient waveform of the pressure wave, the opening degree adjustment unit adjusts the degree of opening of the opening such that the heights of the respective peaks are substantially equal.
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to claim 2,
The opening degree adjustment unit,
When the gradient waveform of the pressure wave is rising to the right, the opening of the opening is adjusted so that the opening of the opening is reduced,
When the gradient waveform of the pressure wave is rising to the left, the opening of the opening is adjusted so that the opening of the opening is increased,
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The opening adjuster is configured such that, when a plurality of openings are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer, the openings of the plurality of openings are formed to have the same opening. Adjusting the
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The opening degree adjuster adjusts the degree of opening of the opening by moving a closing member that closes the opening in a direction that intersects the length direction of the tunnel buffer.
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to claim 5,
When the opening is a slit-shaped opening, by moving the closing member in a direction intersecting the length direction of the tunnel buffer, Adjusting the opening,
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to claim 5,
When the opening is a discrete window-shaped opening, by moving the closing member in a direction intersecting the length direction of the tunnel buffer, Adjusting the opening of the section,
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The opening degree adjuster adjusts the degree of opening of the opening by moving a closing member that closes the opening in the length direction of the tunnel buffer.
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to claim 8,
The opening degree adjustment unit adjusts the degree of opening of the slit-shaped opening by moving the closing member in the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is a slit-shaped opening. To do,
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer according to claim 8,
When the opening is a discrete window-shaped opening, by moving the closing member in the length direction of the tunnel buffer, the opening of the discrete window-shaped opening is adjusted. Adjusting the
An opening adjusting device for a tunnel buffer. An opening adjustment method of a tunnel buffer that adjusts an opening degree of an opening formed in a length direction of a tunnel buffer covering a tunnel entrance,
Based on a waveform of a pressure wave generated when a moving body enters the tunnel entrance, including an opening adjustment step of adjusting the opening of the opening,
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. The method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to claim 11,
The opening degree adjusting step, when there are a plurality of peaks in the gradient waveform of the pressure wave, including a step of adjusting the opening degree of the opening so that the height of each peak is substantially equal,
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. An opening adjusting method for a tunnel buffer according to claim 12,
The opening adjustment step,
When the gradient waveform of the pressure wave is rising to the right, the opening of the opening is adjusted so that the opening of the opening is reduced,
When the gradient waveform of the pressure wave is rising to the left, including a step of adjusting the degree of opening of the opening so that the degree of opening of the opening increases.
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. In the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to any one of claims 11 to 13,
The opening degree adjusting step includes the steps of: opening the plurality of openings such that when the plurality of openings are formed in the length direction of the tunnel buffer, the plurality of openings have the same opening degree. Including the step of adjusting
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. In the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to any one of claims 11 to 14,
The opening degree adjustment step includes a step of adjusting the degree of opening of the opening by moving a closing member that closes the opening in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer.
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. In the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to claim 15,
The opening degree adjusting step is such that, when the opening is a slit-shaped opening, the closing member is moved in a direction intersecting with a length direction of the tunnel buffer, whereby the slit-shaped opening is formed. Adjusting a degree of opening,
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. In the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to claim 15,
The opening degree adjusting step includes the step of moving the closing member in a direction intersecting with the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is a discrete window-shaped opening. Adjusting the opening of the part,
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. In the method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to any one of claims 11 to 14,
The opening adjustment step includes a step of adjusting the opening of the opening by moving a closing member that closes the opening in the length direction of the tunnel buffer.
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. The method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to claim 18,
The opening degree adjusting step adjusts the degree of opening of the slit-shaped opening by moving the closing member in the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is a slit-shaped opening. Including the step of
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer. The method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer according to claim 18,
The opening degree adjusting step includes moving the closing member in the length direction of the tunnel buffer when the opening is a discrete window-shaped opening, thereby opening the discrete window-shaped opening. Including the step of adjusting
A method for adjusting an opening of a tunnel buffer.