JP2020036561A - Green tea composition for inhibition of reduction of cognitive function associated with workload - Google Patents
Green tea composition for inhibition of reduction of cognitive function associated with workload Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、飲食品の製品製造において有用な緑茶素材を用いて調製される、作業負荷に伴う認知機能低下の抑制のための緑茶組成物及び飲食品素材に関する。 The present invention relates to a green tea composition and a food or drink material prepared using a green tea material that is useful in the production of food or drink products for suppressing cognitive decline due to a work load.
近年、高齢化の進行に従って、加齢に伴う脳の認知機能障害が社会問題となり、認知機能障害の予防又は改善に有効な食品、成分等について様々に研究が進められている。また、若年層についても、ストレスや疲労によって、記憶力、注意力等の認知機能が一時的に低下する点について注目されている。
ヒトの認知機能における低下は、認知機能検査（スクリーニング検査）によって診断することができ、様々な認知機能検査を利用して、飲食品やサプリメントの開発が行われている。下記特許文献１には、加齢関連の認知低下または軽度の認知機能障害を処置する方法として、ドコサヘキサエン酸を投与する段階を含む方法が記載される。この方法では、被験者の心拍数も低下させる。
In recent years, as the population ages, aging-related cognitive dysfunction of the brain has become a social problem, and various studies have been conducted on foods, ingredients, and the like that are effective in preventing or improving cognitive dysfunction. In addition, attention has been paid to the younger generations in that stress and fatigue temporarily reduce cognitive functions such as memory and attention.
A decrease in human cognitive function can be diagnosed by a cognitive function test (screening test), and foods and beverages and supplements are being developed using various cognitive function tests. Patent Document 1 listed below describes a method for treating age-related cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment, which comprises the step of administering docosahexaenoic acid. In this manner, the heart rate of the subject is also reduced.
一方、緑茶に含まれている茶カテキンが、心臓病や癌の予防に有効であることが報告され、茶カテキンの保健効果が明らかになるにつれて、茶カテキンの積極的な摂取が浸透しつつある。これに伴い、茶カテキンの含有量を高めた飲料が市場に流通している。更に、健康志向の高まりにより、カテキン類などの茶抽出物に含まれる各種機能性成分は、健康食品やサプリメント等の成分としての需要が高い。下記特許文献２には、エピガロカテキンガレートを有効成分とする、脳機能を活性化する飲食物が提案され、記憶力及び学習能力を増強させる効果を有することが記載されている。 On the other hand, tea catechins contained in green tea are reported to be effective in preventing heart disease and cancer, and as the health effects of tea catechins become clearer, active intake of tea catechins is becoming more prevalent . Along with this, beverages having an increased content of tea catechin are distributed on the market. Furthermore, due to an increase in health consciousness, various functional components contained in tea extracts such as catechins are in high demand as components of health foods and supplements. Patent Document 2 listed below proposes a food or beverage that activates brain function and contains epigallocatechin gallate as an active ingredient, and describes that it has an effect of enhancing memory and learning abilities.
脳の機能は、非常に複雑であり、様々な機能が相互に関連して作用する。このため、認知機能は、脳の各部位又は各機能における処理能力だけでなく、複数の部位又は機能間における連携、及び、連携におけるバランス制御なども含めて、包括的な理解が必要となる。
また、薬剤、サプリメント、飲食品等の経口摂取によって脳機能の改善を目指す場合、前提となる問題として、それらに含まれる成分の体内への吸収があり、如何に有効な成分であっても、消化器官において成分が良好に吸収されなければ意味がない。従って、経口摂取による場合、有効成分の体内への吸収は、避けられない問題となる。
The functions of the brain are very complex, and various functions work in conjunction with each other. Therefore, the cognitive function requires a comprehensive understanding not only of the processing ability of each part or function of the brain, but also of coordination between a plurality of parts or functions and balance control in coordination.
Also, when aiming to improve brain function by oral ingestion of drugs, supplements, foods and drinks, as a prerequisite problem, there is absorption into the body of the components contained in them, no matter how effective the components, It is meaningless if the components are not well absorbed in the digestive tract. Therefore, in the case of oral ingestion, absorption of the active ingredient into the body is an unavoidable problem.
本発明の課題は、作業負荷に伴う認知機能低下に対する緑茶成分の抑制効果を経口摂取によって良好に発揮し得る緑茶組成物を提供し、緑茶成分を有効成分とする製品によって、一時的な認知機能低下の抑制を支援することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a green tea composition that can effectively exert the inhibitory effect of a green tea component on cognitive decline due to a work load by oral ingestion. It is to help control the decline.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明者らは、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、経口摂取においては、単離された抽出成分としてよりも良好に有効性を発揮し得る原料形態に着目し、これを利用して本発明を完成するに至った。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and, as a result, focused on a raw material form that can exert better efficacy as an isolated extract component for oral ingestion. The present invention has been completed using the above.
本発明の一態様によれば、作業負荷に伴う認知機能低下の抑制のための緑茶組成物は、緑茶葉粉末を含有し、前記緑茶葉粉末は、テアニンの含有量が１．０〜４．０質量％、カテキン類の含有量が５．０〜１２．５質量％、カフェインの含有量が２．５〜５．０質量％であることを要旨とする。 According to one aspect of the present invention, a green tea composition for suppressing cognitive decline due to a work load contains green tea leaf powder, and the green tea leaf powder has a theanine content of 1.0 to 4.0. The gist is that the content of 0 mass%, the content of catechins is 5.0 to 12.5 mass%, and the content of caffeine is 2.5 to 5.0 mass%.
上記緑茶組成物は、前記緑茶葉粉末を、全体の０．１質量％以上且つ１００質量％未満の割合で含有することができる。更に、サラダ油、コーン油、大豆油、椰子油、菜種油、エゴマ油、亜麻仁油、オリーブ油等の各種脂肪油や、バター、パーム油等の脂肪から選択される少なくとも一種の脂質を含んでもよい。 The green tea composition may contain the green tea leaf powder in a ratio of 0.1% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass of the whole. Further, it may contain at least one lipid selected from various fatty oils such as salad oil, corn oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, perilla oil, linseed oil and olive oil, and fats such as butter and palm oil.
前記緑茶葉粉末は、抹茶であると好適であり、前記緑茶葉粉末に含有されるカテキン類に占めるエピガロカテキンガレートの割合は、０．５〜０．８とすることができる。 The green tea leaf powder is preferably green tea, and the ratio of epigallocatechin gallate in the catechins contained in the green tea leaf powder can be 0.5 to 0.8.
本発明によれば、作業負荷に伴う認知機能低下に対する有効性を良好に発揮し得る経口用の緑茶組成物が提供され、緑茶成分を有効成分とする認知機能低下の抑制のための製品を簡便且つ適正なコストで提供することができる。 According to the present invention, there is provided an oral green tea composition capable of exhibiting good efficacy against cognitive decline due to a workload, and a simple product for suppressing cognitive decline using a green tea component as an active ingredient. And it can be provided at an appropriate cost.
認知機能には、記憶力、判断力、見当識、言語能力、実行機能などが含まれ、認知症の症状は、記憶障害、判断力低下、見当識障害、言語障害（失語）、失行、失認、実行機能障害など多岐に渡る。軽度認知障害は、健常状態と認知症との中間に当たるグレーゾーンの段階であり、認知機能（記憶、決定、理由付け、実行等）のうちの１つの機能に問題が生じていても、日常生活に支障がない状態である。 Cognitive functions include memory, judgment, orientation, language ability, and executive function. Symptoms of dementia include memory impairment, impaired judgment, disorientation, language impairment (aphasia), apraxia, apraxia. Recognition, execution dysfunction, etc. Mild cognitive impairment is a gray zone stage that is halfway between a healthy state and dementia. Even if a problem occurs in one of the cognitive functions (memory, decision, reasoning, execution, etc.), daily life is difficult. Is in a state where there is no problem.
認知機能に障害のない健常な若年者においても、作業負荷に伴うストレスや疲労などによって認知機能の低下が生じることが知られている。ストレスによって放出されるホルモンが脳内で作用すると、神経細胞のダメージ等により認知機能が低下することが判明している。このような作業負荷に伴う認知機能低下によって、記憶力、注意力、判断力、ワーキングメモリーなどが低下し、作業効率に問題が生じることから、認知機能の低下を抑制することが望まれている。また、ストレスに過敏な人の場合、仕事などのストレスが及ぼす影響によって３０年後に認知症を発症するリスクが１．５倍に高まるというような報告もある。従って、作業負荷に伴う認知機能の低下を抑制することは、認知症の発生を防止する上で有効な手段である。 It is known that even a healthy young person who has no impairment in cognitive function causes a decrease in cognitive function due to stress or fatigue caused by a work load. It has been found that when hormones released by stress act in the brain, cognitive functions decrease due to nerve cell damage and the like. Such a decrease in cognitive function due to the workload reduces memory, attention, judgment, working memory, and the like, and causes a problem in work efficiency. Therefore, it is desired to suppress a decrease in cognitive function. In addition, there is a report that a person who is sensitive to stress increases the risk of developing dementia 1.5 times after 30 years due to the influence of stress such as work. Therefore, suppressing a decrease in cognitive function due to a workload is an effective means for preventing the occurrence of dementia.
認知機能障害の予防及び治療に関する研究が進められるに伴って、緑茶葉に含まれる成分を利用した軽度認知障害（ＭＣＩ：Mild Cognitive Impairment）の改善が期待されている。従って、緑茶葉に含まれる成分は、作業負荷に伴うストレスや疲労などによる認知機能の低下を抑制する上でも有用である。緑茶葉には様々な成分が含まれ、飲料として摂取可能な親水性成分の他に、抽出物として得られる親油性（疎水性）成分、及び、茶葉を構成する繊維質等の不溶性又は難溶性の成分も含まれる。 With the progress of research on the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment, improvement of mild cognitive impairment (MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairment) using components contained in green tea leaves is expected. Therefore, the components contained in the green tea leaves are also useful for suppressing a decrease in cognitive function due to stress or fatigue caused by a work load. Green tea leaves contain various components. In addition to hydrophilic components that can be ingested as beverages, lipophilic (hydrophobic) components obtained as extracts, and insoluble or poorly soluble fibers such as fibers that constitute tea leaves Is also included.
緑茶葉に含まれる水溶性成分としては、カテキン類（カテキン（Ｃ）、ガロカテキン（ＧＣ）、エピカテキン（ＥＣ）、エピガロカテキン（ＥＧＣ）、エピカテキンガレート（ＥＣＧ）、エピガロカテキンガレート（ＥＧＣＧ））、複合タンニン、フラボノール、カフェイン、複合多糖、ビタミンＢ２及びビタミンＣのような水溶性ビタミン類、テアニン、γ−アミノ酪酸、サポニン、可溶性食物繊維（ペクチン）、ミネラル等がある。親油性成分としては、β−カロチン、ビタミンＥ、クロロフィルなどがあり、不溶性又は難溶性成分としては、不溶性食物繊維、タンパク質、ミネラル等がある。上述のような緑茶成分には、抗酸化機能を有する老化抑制に有用な成分が多数含まれ、カテキン類のガン抑制における有用性が報告されている。また、カフェイン及びサポニンの中枢神経系への作用、ピラジンによる血流促進、ＧＡＢＡによる血圧降下、抗ストレスなどに関する有効性も知られており、カフェイン、サポニン及びＧＡＢＡは、作業負荷に伴う認知機能の低下抑制に有効であることが期待される。 Water-soluble components contained in green tea leaves include catechins (catechin (C), gallocatechin (GC), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) )), complex tannins, flavonols, caffeine, water-soluble vitamins, such as complex polysaccharides, vitamins B 2, and vitamin C, theanine, .gamma.-aminobutyric acid, saponin, soluble dietary fiber (pectin), there is a mineral like. Examples of the lipophilic component include β-carotene, vitamin E, and chlorophyll, and examples of the insoluble or hardly soluble component include insoluble dietary fiber, protein, and mineral. The green tea component as described above contains a large number of components having an antioxidant function and useful for suppressing aging, and the usefulness of catechins in controlling cancer is reported. It is also known that caffeine and saponin have an effect on the central nervous system, pyrazine promotes blood flow, GABA lowers blood pressure, anti-stress, and the like. It is expected to be effective in suppressing functional deterioration.
緑茶葉に含まれる成分の中で、記憶力や学習能力など、認知機能に関連する能力を改善する効果が報告されている成分として、テアニン及びカテキン類がある。ポリフェノールに属するカテキン類は、緑茶葉に８〜２０質量％程度含まれ、神経細胞を保護することが動物実験において判明している。特に、エピガロカテキンガレートは、アミロイドβ蛋白の蓄積を抑制する効果があると考えられており、血圧低下効果及び抗酸化性に起因する複合的作用であるとの説もある。アミノ酸の一種であるテアニンについても、神経細胞を保護する作用が報告されており、茶葉には０．５〜３質量％程度含まれている。更に、フラボノール（ポリフェノール）の一種であるミリセチンについても、アミロイドβ蛋白の凝集を抑制し、シナプス毒性を軽減することが報告されており、他のフェノール化合物についても同様の効果が期待されている。カフェインについても、認知症の抑制効果が報告されているが、紅茶等を含む疫学調査における結果から、カフェインによる効果は、単独の効果ではなく、他の成分と関連した作用であると考えられる。 Among the components contained in green tea leaves, theanine and catechins are reported as components that are reported to have an effect of improving abilities related to cognitive functions such as memory ability and learning ability. Catechins belonging to polyphenols are contained in green tea leaves in an amount of about 8 to 20% by mass, and have been found in animal experiments to protect nerve cells. In particular, epigallocatechin gallate is considered to have an effect of suppressing the accumulation of amyloid β protein, and there is a theory that epigallocatechin gallate is a combined effect caused by a blood pressure lowering effect and an antioxidant property. Theanine, a kind of amino acid, has also been reported to protect nerve cells, and tea leaves contain about 0.5 to 3% by mass. Further, it has been reported that myricetin, which is a kind of flavonol (polyphenol), suppresses amyloid β protein aggregation and reduces synaptic toxicity, and similar effects are expected for other phenol compounds. Caffeine has also been reported to have an inhibitory effect on dementia, but the results of epidemiological studies involving tea etc. suggest that the effect of caffeine is not a single effect but an effect related to other components. Can be
また、茶樹の品種に関して、マウスの長期記憶能力及び学習能力の評価において最も有効な品種として、サンルージュが報告されており、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害率の高さや、アミロイドβ蛋白の蓄積を抑制する効果があることが報告されている。また、べにふうきにおいても、サンルージュに次いで高いアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害率が得られている。その有効成分として、サンルージュ特有のアントシアニン（赤色色素）や、ケルセチン及びミリセチンが考えられている。アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害は、やぶきた等の他の品種においても認められることから、カテキンとの相乗作用が推測される。 In addition, regarding the varieties of tea plants, Saint Rouge has been reported as the most effective variety in evaluating the long-term memory ability and learning ability of mice, and has a high acetylcholinesterase inhibition rate and an effect of suppressing the accumulation of amyloid β protein. It is reported that there is. In addition, the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory rate is obtained in Benifuku, next to Saint Rouge. Anthocyanins (red pigments) unique to Saint-Rouge, quercetin and myricetin are considered as the active ingredients. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition is also observed in other varieties such as Yabukita, suggesting a synergistic effect with catechin.
上述のように、緑茶葉の成分には、認知機能の維持及び改善に有効であると報告されている成分のみならず、そのような成分との相互作用が予想される成分、間接的又は副次的な作用によって認知機能の維持及び改善に関連すると予想される成分なども含まれている。また、複数成分の組み合わせによる効果も考えられる。このようなことから、合成又は抽出精製によって単離した有効成分を使用するよりも、緑茶葉そのものの利用の方が実利的である。また、合成物質及び天然抽出物の何れであっても、過剰摂取による副作用等の問題は存在し、医薬品に限らず、飲食品として摂取される様々な成分についても過剰症は存在する。この点に関し、緑茶葉そのものの利用は、単離させた成分の使用に比べて、過剰症を引き起こし難い形態であると言える。生体恒常性（ホメオスタシス）の観点においても、単一成分による効果の急激な発現は、負のフィードバック作用による内分泌形の状態悪化や、恒常性のバランス喪失を生じ得る。従って、これらを回避する上で、緑茶葉そのものの形態で使用することは有意義であり、作用バランスの点において好ましい。 As described above, the components of green tea leaves include not only those that are reported to be effective in maintaining and improving cognitive function, but also those that are expected to interact with such components, indirectly or indirectly. Components that are expected to be related to maintenance and improvement of cognitive function by the following actions are also included. In addition, the effect of a combination of a plurality of components is also conceivable. For this reason, it is more practical to use the green tea leaves themselves than to use the active ingredient isolated by synthesis or extraction and purification. In addition, both synthetic substances and natural extracts have problems such as side effects due to excessive ingestion, and excess symptoms exist not only for pharmaceuticals but also for various components ingested as foods and drinks. In this regard, it can be said that utilization of green tea leaves per se is a form that is less likely to cause excessive disease than use of isolated components. From the viewpoint of homeostasis, the rapid onset of an effect by a single component may cause the endocrine condition to deteriorate due to a negative feedback effect, or a loss of homeostasis. Therefore, in order to avoid these, it is significant to use green tea leaves themselves, and it is preferable in terms of action balance.
また、緑茶葉に含まれる親油性成分は、茶飲料中に溶出し難く、茶殻中にかなりの量の有効成分が残存するので、茶葉そのものの摂取は、茶飲料よりも多くの有効成分を活用できる。茶葉を構成する食物繊維について、その認知機能に関連する有効性の報告は見られないが、不溶性食物繊維は、シクロデキストリンのような包摂化合物と類似の機能を発揮し得る。従って、食物繊維は、ビタミンＣ等の分解し易い成分を保護する保護材としても有用であり、有効成分のキャリアとして機能する。更に、茶葉に含まれる有効成分の人体への作用は、単離された成分の作用に比べて穏やかで、急激な変化は生じ難い。つまり、茶葉の繊維構造中に保持される有効成分は、茶葉の外へ放出される速度がある程度抑制されるため、経口摂取された緑茶葉から有効成分が体内へ吸収及び代謝される速度は、急激な増加が起こり難く、また、過剰吸収に至る前に排出され得る。このように、食物繊維は、作用速度をある程度制御する役割を機能を有し、緑茶葉としての使用は、体内への吸収、代謝及び複数成分間の相互作用等の観点から、緑茶抽出物としての使用よりも有利である。 In addition, the lipophilic components contained in green tea leaves are hardly eluted in tea beverages, and a considerable amount of active ingredients remains in tea husks. it can. Although there is no report on the effectiveness of the dietary fiber constituting tea leaves in relation to its cognitive function, insoluble dietary fiber may exert a similar function to inclusion compounds such as cyclodextrin. Therefore, dietary fiber is also useful as a protective material for protecting easily decomposable components such as vitamin C, and functions as a carrier for active ingredients. Furthermore, the action of the active ingredient contained in tea leaves on the human body is milder than that of the isolated ingredient, and hardly causes a rapid change. In other words, the active ingredient retained in the fiber structure of the tea leaves, the rate at which the active ingredient is absorbed and metabolized into the body from orally ingested green tea leaves is reduced because the rate at which the active ingredient is released outside the tea leaves is suppressed to some extent. Rapid increases are unlikely and can be evacuated before leading to overabsorption. As described above, dietary fiber has a function of controlling the action speed to some extent, and its use as green tea leaves is considered as a green tea extract from the viewpoints of absorption into the body, metabolism, and interaction between multiple components. Is more advantageous than the use of
上述の点に基づき、本願において、作業負荷に伴う認知機能低下の抑制のための、緑茶葉粉末、及び、緑茶組成物を提案し、緑茶組成物は、緑茶葉粉末を含有し、緑茶葉の粉末を有効成分とする。緑茶葉の食物繊維構造内に包まれた緑茶成分が外部に放出される速度は、緑茶葉の表面積に依存し、緑茶葉を粉末化することによって、体内における供給速度を高めることができる。従って、緑茶葉粉末の粒子の大きさによって、吸収速度を適正な範囲にある程度調整することができる。 Based on the above-described points, in the present application, for suppressing cognitive decline due to workload, green tea leaf powder, and a green tea composition are proposed, the green tea composition contains green tea leaf powder, The powder is the active ingredient. The rate at which the green tea component wrapped in the dietary fiber structure of the green tea leaf is released to the outside depends on the surface area of the green tea leaf, and the supply rate in the body can be increased by pulverizing the green tea leaf. Therefore, the absorption rate can be adjusted to an appropriate range to some extent depending on the size of the green tea leaf powder particles.
一般的に、飲用抹茶、食品加工用抹茶、粉末茶などとして調製される緑茶葉粉末は、粒径が１〜１００μｍ程度の粒子を含み、平均粒径は３〜３０μｍ程度になる。本願において、緑茶組成物を構成する緑茶葉粉末は、粒径が３〜６μｍ程度の相対的に小さい粒子の粒分と、２０〜３０μｍ程度の相対的に大きい粒子の粒分を有する粒度分布であると好適であり、これらの粒分が２つのピークを形成する粒度分布であると好ましい。相対的に大きい粒子は、内部に含まれる成分の溶出が比較的緩慢であるのに対し、相対的に小さい粒子は、成分の溶出速度が高く、水溶性成分の溶出速度は、相対的に大きい粒子の場合の２倍程度以上に達し得る。つまり、複数のピークが形成される粒度分布は、緑茶葉粒子からの成分供給の速度調整に利用でき、経口摂取における消化吸収時間を勘案して粒度設計を行うことによって、有効成分を適正な供給速度で長時間供給することが可能である。 In general, green tea leaf powder prepared as powdered green tea, powdered green tea for food processing, powdered tea, and the like contains particles having a particle size of about 1 to 100 μm, and has an average particle size of about 3 to 30 μm. In the present application, the green tea leaf powder constituting the green tea composition has a particle size distribution having a particle size of relatively small particles of about 3 to 6 μm and a relatively large particle size of about 20 to 30 μm. It is preferable that the particles have a particle size distribution in which these particles form two peaks. The relatively large particles elute the components contained therein relatively slowly, whereas the relatively small particles elute the components at a high rate and the water-soluble components elute at a relatively high rate. It can reach about twice or more that of particles. In other words, the particle size distribution in which a plurality of peaks are formed can be used for adjusting the rate of supply of the component from the green tea leaf particles. It is possible to supply for a long time at the speed.
尚、粒度分布の調整は、粉砕手段の選択及び粉末の分級によって可能である。茶葉の粉砕においては、一般的に、石臼、ボールミル、ハンマーミル、ジェットミルなどが用いられ、粉砕手段によって得られる緑茶葉粉末の粒度分布が異なる。何れの粉砕手段を用いてもよく、異なる粉砕手段を利用して粒度分布が異なる２種類の緑茶葉粉末を調製し、適宜混合してもよい。２種以上の粉砕を組み合わせて緑茶葉に施してもよい。但し、成分の熱変化等が生じないように配慮することが望ましい。粉末の分級は、ふるい又は分級機を用いて行うことができ、分級機は、重力分級、慣性分級、遠心分級の何れの方式であってもよい。分級する緑茶葉粉末及び取得する粒分に応じて、適宜選択することができる。成分流出等の観点から、乾式分級であることが好ましい。 The particle size distribution can be adjusted by selecting the pulverizing means and classifying the powder. In the pulverization of tea leaves, a millstone, a ball mill, a hammer mill, a jet mill, or the like is generally used, and the particle size distribution of green tea leaf powder obtained by the pulverization means is different. Either of the pulverizing means may be used, and two kinds of green tea leaf powders having different particle size distributions may be prepared by using different pulverizing means and may be appropriately mixed. Two or more types of pulverization may be combined and applied to green tea leaves. However, it is desirable to take care not to cause a thermal change or the like of the components. Classification of the powder can be performed using a sieve or a classifier, and the classifier may be any of gravity classification, inertial classification, and centrifugal classification. It can be appropriately selected according to the green tea leaf powder to be classified and the grain size to be obtained. From the viewpoint of outflow of components and the like, dry classification is preferable.
緑茶葉の品質は、茶樹の品種、栽培方法及び栽培環境、茶葉の摘採時期（一番茶、二番茶等）及び部位（芽、葉、茎）によって異なり、また、茶葉の加工条件（蒸し、揉み、乾燥等）によっても変動する。これに伴って、緑茶葉に含まれる成分の含有量も様々に変動する。例えば、遮光栽培を行った玉露やてん茶のようなかぶせ茶では、テアニン及びアミノ酸類の含有量が高く、カテキン類中のエピガロカテキンガレートの割合が高くなる。 The quality of green tea leaves varies depending on the varieties of tea plants, cultivation method and cultivation environment, the timing of tea leaf extraction (first tea, second tea, etc.) and site (buds, leaves, stems), and the processing conditions of tea leaves (steaming, kneading , Drying, etc.). Along with this, the contents of the components contained in the green tea leaves also fluctuate variously. For example, in capsulated tea, such as gyokuro or tencha, which has been subjected to shading, the content of theanine and amino acids is high, and the proportion of epigallocatechin gallate in the catechins is high.
緑茶葉粉末は、テアニンの含有量が１．０〜４．０質量％、カテキン類の含有量が５．０〜１２．５質量％、カフェインの含有量が２．５〜５．０質量％であると好ましい。この組成は、平均的な緑茶葉のものに比べてテアニンの含有量が高い組成である。テアニンは、玉露、抹茶、上級煎茶などの高級緑茶に多く含まれる成分であり、部位としては、若芽の芯及び一葉において多く、摘採時期としては、一番茶において高い。また、覆下栽培を行った茶葉（かぶせ茶：玉露、てん茶など）のテアニン含有量は高くなり、窒素施肥によって茶葉のテアニン濃度を増加させることが可能である。従って、てん茶の粉末である抹茶は、上記のような組成の緑茶葉粉末として好ましい。このような緑茶葉は、何れの品種においても得られ、適した品種としては、例えば、てん茶用の優良品種であるあさひ、さみどり等が挙げられる。 The green tea leaf powder has a theanine content of 1.0 to 4.0 mass%, a catechin content of 5.0 to 12.5 mass%, and a caffeine content of 2.5 to 5.0 mass%. % Is preferable. This composition has a higher content of theanine than that of an average green tea leaf. Theanine is a component contained in high-grade green tea such as gyokuro, matcha, and high-grade green tea, and its content is high in the core and one leaf of young shoots, and high in the first tea at the time of plucking. In addition, the theanine content of tea leaves (covered tea: gyokuro, tencha, etc.) grown under the undergrowth is increased, and theanine concentration of the tea leaves can be increased by nitrogen fertilization. Therefore, matcha, which is a powder of tender tea, is preferable as a green tea leaf powder having the above composition. Such green tea leaves can be obtained in any variety, and suitable varieties include, for example, Asahi and Samidori, which are excellent varieties for Tencha.
更に、緑茶葉粉末に含有されるカテキン類に占めるエピガロカテキンガレートの割合（８種のカテキン化合物の合計に対する割合）が、０．５〜０．８であると好ましい。このエピガロカテキンガレートの割合は、平均的な緑茶葉のものに比べて高い。エピガロカテキンガレートの含有量は、日照によって低下し、玉露、抹茶などのかぶせ茶においてカテキン類に占める割合が高くなるので、覆下栽培によって得られる。また、部位としては、若芽の芯及び一葉において多く、摘採時期としては、一番茶において高い。従って、抹茶粉末が最適な緑茶葉粉末となる。 Further, the ratio of epigallocatechin gallate in the catechins contained in the green tea leaf powder (the ratio to the total of eight catechin compounds) is preferably 0.5 to 0.8. This percentage of epigallocatechin gallate is higher than that of the average green tea leaves. Epigallocatechin gallate content is reduced by sunshine, and the proportion of catechins in capsulated tea such as gyokuro and matcha is increased. Further, the site is higher in the core and one leaf of the young shoots, and the harvesting time is higher in the first tea. Therefore, matcha powder is the optimal green tea leaf powder.
緑茶葉に含まれる成分の消化吸収は、摂取される状態によって変化し得る。易分解性成分は、茶葉の繊維質に保護されることで分解が抑制されつつ消化器官に達し、水溶性成分であれば、消化吸収される。一方、親油性成分は、茶葉からの移行が進行し難く、消化吸収が進行し難い。しかし、脂質等の親油性を有する物質が共存すると、緑茶葉の親油性成分は、脂質への溶出を通じて相対的に吸収され易くなる。緑茶成分の吸収性は、認知機能の改善効果に影響を与え得るので、親油性成分の移行を促進可能な脂質の共存は好ましい。乳濁液或いはミセルを形成可能な両親媒性物質であるとより好ましく、例えば、リン脂質、ステロール類、乳蛋白等が挙げられる。料理において油脂類を用いて各種ソースとして調製されるようなエマルジョンも好適である。 The digestion and absorption of components contained in green tea leaves can vary depending on the state of ingestion. The easily decomposable component reaches the digestive tract while its decomposition is suppressed by being protected by the fiber of tea leaves, and if it is a water-soluble component, it is digested and absorbed. On the other hand, the transfer of lipophilic components from tea leaves does not easily proceed, and digestion and absorption do not easily proceed. However, when lipophilic substances such as lipids coexist, the lipophilic components of green tea leaves are relatively easily absorbed through elution into lipids. Since the absorbability of the green tea component can affect the effect of improving cognitive function, the coexistence of a lipid capable of promoting the transfer of the lipophilic component is preferable. More preferably, it is an amphipathic substance capable of forming an emulsion or micelle, and examples thereof include phospholipids, sterols, and milk proteins. Emulsions prepared as various sauces using fats and oils in cooking are also suitable.
従って、緑茶組成物は、食用油脂を含んでいてもよく、それにより、緑茶葉に含まれる親油性成分の移行を促進することができる。緑茶葉には、β−カロチン、ビタミンＥ、クロロフィルなどの水溶性が低い成分が含まれている。また、ケルセチン及びミリセチンは、フラボノイドであるが、水への溶解度は低い。緑茶葉粉末からの親油性成分の溶出が油脂の共存によって進行すると、脂質の代謝吸収機構に伴って吸収が可能になる。緑茶組成物に配合する油脂として、例えば、サラダ油、コーン油、大豆油、椰子油、菜種油、エゴマ油、亜麻仁油、オリーブ油等の各種脂肪油や、バター、パーム油等の脂肪が挙げられる。上述の両親媒性物質及び油脂は、緑茶葉粉末に対して５〜９０質量％程度の割合で使用するとよい。更に、薬学的に許容される範囲で、調味料、香料、色素、薬学的に許容される添加剤などを必要に応じて配合して緑茶組成物を調製してもよい。また、栄養補助等を目的として、各種ビタミン類、ミネラル類、アミノ酸類、食用酢類などを添加してもよい。 Therefore, the green tea composition may contain edible oils and fats, thereby facilitating the transfer of lipophilic components contained in green tea leaves. Green tea leaves contain low water-soluble components such as β-carotene, vitamin E, and chlorophyll. Quercetin and myricetin are flavonoids, but have low solubility in water. When the lipophilic component is eluted from the green tea leaf powder due to the coexistence of fats and oils, it becomes possible to absorb the lipids together with the metabolic absorption mechanism. Examples of fats and oils to be mixed in the green tea composition include various fat oils such as salad oil, corn oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, olive oil, and fats such as butter and palm oil. The above-mentioned amphipathic substances and fats and oils are preferably used in a ratio of about 5 to 90% by mass with respect to the green tea leaf powder. Furthermore, a green tea composition may be prepared by blending seasonings, flavors, coloring matter, pharmaceutically acceptable additives, and the like as needed within a pharmaceutically acceptable range. In addition, various vitamins, minerals, amino acids, edible vinegar, and the like may be added for the purpose of nutritional support and the like.
緑茶組成物は、全体の０．１質量％以上且つ１００質量％未満の割合で緑茶葉粉末を含有するとよく、好ましくは３０〜９０質量％程度、より好ましくは５０〜９０質量％程度となるように緑茶組成物に配合するとよい。 The green tea composition may contain green tea leaf powder at a ratio of 0.1% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass, preferably about 30 to 90% by mass, more preferably about 50 to 90% by mass. And green tea composition.
緑茶組成物は、緑茶葉粉末に、必要に応じて、油脂等、調味料、香料などを添加して混合することによって調製してもよい。また、緑茶組成物は、カプセル剤、又は、錠剤、丸剤等のタブレット剤に調製して提供してもよく、サプリメント等として提供し易い。この場合、緑茶組成物は、必要に応じて賦形剤を用いて調製してもよい。賦形剤は、一般的に薬学的製剤に用いられる固形のものを利用すればよい。例えば、コーンスターチ、小麦粉、コメ粉等のデンプンや、乳糖、蔗糖、マンニトール、ソルビトール、白糖等の糖類、デキストリン、沈降シリカ、ゼラチン、セルロース、メチルセルロースなどが挙げられる。このような賦形剤から、一種又は二種以上を適宜選択して使用することができる。 The green tea composition may be prepared by adding a green tea leaf powder, a seasoning, a flavor, and the like, as necessary, to the green tea leaf powder, and mixing. The green tea composition may be prepared and provided as a capsule or a tablet such as a tablet or a pill, and is easily provided as a supplement or the like. In this case, the green tea composition may be prepared using an excipient as needed. As the excipient, a solid excipient generally used for a pharmaceutical preparation may be used. For example, starch such as corn starch, wheat flour, rice flour and the like, lactose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, saccharides such as sucrose, dextrin, precipitated silica, gelatin, cellulose, methylcellulose and the like can be mentioned. One or more of these excipients can be appropriately selected and used.
タブレット剤については、糖衣錠などのような、味覚的に内容物を判別できない形態であってもよい。カプセルは、一般的に医薬品等に用いられるものを利用すればよく、硬カプセル剤及び軟カプセル剤の何れも利用可能である。硬カプセル剤は、例えば、ゼラチン、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等を用いて成形したカプセル被膜にサンプルを充填して調製することができる。軟カプセル剤は、ゼラチンにグリセリンなどの可塑剤を加えたシート材でサンプルを挟んで圧着成型することによって得られる。 The tablet may be in a form in which the contents cannot be discriminated from a taste, such as a sugar-coated tablet. What is necessary is just to use what is generally used for a pharmaceutical etc. as a capsule, and both a hard capsule and a soft capsule can be used. Hard capsules can be prepared by filling a sample into a capsule coating formed using, for example, gelatin, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or the like. A soft capsule is obtained by sandwiching a sample with a sheet material in which a plasticizer such as glycerin is added to gelatin, and press-molding the sample.
カプセル剤及びタブレット剤の大きさ及び内容量、並びに、１回当たりの摂取数は、被験者が無理なく摂取可能なように設定することができる。概して、一日当たりの緑茶葉粉末の摂取量が４０ｍｇ〜１０ｇ程度となるような摂取条件を設定することができる。標準的には、１日当たり２ｇ程度の緑茶葉粉末を摂取するような摂取条件に設定するとよい。 The size and content of the capsule and the tablet, and the number of ingestions per dose can be set so that the subject can take it without difficulty. In general, intake conditions can be set such that the daily intake of green tea leaf powder is about 40 mg to 10 g. Normally, it is preferable to set the intake conditions such that about 2 g of green tea leaf powder is consumed per day.
或いは、緑茶組成物を、細粒、乳濁液、クリーム等の形態に調製して、調味料、ソース、ドレッシングなどの食品として提供してもよい。このような食品を、１回当たりの摂取量に応じて適宜小分け包装して提供すると、取り扱いが容易である。 Alternatively, the green tea composition may be prepared in the form of fine granules, emulsions, creams, etc., and provided as foods such as seasonings, sauces, and dressings. If such a food is provided by being appropriately divided and packaged according to the intake amount per serving, handling is easy.
１日の摂取回数及び摂取時間帯（午前／午後、朝／昼／夜、食事との関係）、１回の摂取量及び１日の摂取量などが適切に設定されるので、設定した摂取条件に基づいて、摂取し易い形態に緑茶組成物を調製するとよい。本願の緑茶組成物においては、緑茶葉粉末の使用によって、緑茶成分の作用が比較的穏やかであるので、例えば、１日の摂取量の緑茶葉粉末を午前中の１回で摂取するような摂取条件を設定することができる。緑茶組成物は、４週間程度以上経口摂取するとよい。 The number of daily intakes and the time of intake (relationship with morning / afternoon, morning / day / night, meal), the daily intake, daily intake, etc. are set appropriately, so the set intake conditions , The green tea composition may be prepared in a form that is easy to ingest. In the green tea composition of the present application, since the action of the green tea component is relatively mild due to the use of the green tea leaf powder, for example, an intake such as taking a daily intake of green tea leaf powder once in the morning. Conditions can be set. The green tea composition may be taken orally for about 4 weeks or more.
上述の緑茶組成物は、食品素材として飲食品原料に配合して、飲食品の製造を行ってもよい。このようにして得られる飲食品を経口摂取すると、緑茶葉粉末に含まれる様々な成分が体内に穏やかに吸収されて総合的に作用し、作業負荷に伴う認知機能の低下抑制に有効に機能する。 The above-mentioned green tea composition may be blended with food or drink raw materials as a food material to produce a food or drink. When the food or beverage thus obtained is orally ingested, various components contained in the green tea leaf powder are gently absorbed into the body and act comprehensively, effectively functioning to suppress a decrease in cognitive function due to a work load. .
以下のようにして、作業負荷に伴う認知機能低下に対する緑茶成分の抑制効果の評価を、無作為化二重盲検二群並行群間比較試験によって実施した。 Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of the green tea component on cognitive decline due to workload was performed by a randomized, double-blind, two-group, parallel-group comparative study as follows.
＜サンプル及びプラセボの調製＞
緑茶成分として、抹茶（商品名：宝尽の白、テアニン含有量：２．４質量％、ＥＧＣＧ含有量：５．３質量％、カテキン類８種合計量：８．４質量％、カフェイン含有量：３．５質量％）を用意した。２ｇの抹茶を０．６ｇの賦形剤（部分α化デンプン、デキストリン、ステアリン酸カルシウム、微粒二酸化ケイ素の混合物）に添加して混合し、この混合物を９個のゼラチンカプセルに均等に分けて充填することによって、１回の摂取分のサンプルを調製した。
また、２ｇの賦形剤（同上）にクチナシ色素を添加して緑色に色付けし、これを９個のゼラチンカプセルに均等に分けて充填することによって、１回の摂取分のプラセボを調製した。
<Preparation of sample and placebo>
As a green tea component, matcha (trade name: Hojin-no-White, theanine content: 2.4% by mass, EGCG content: 5.3% by mass, total amount of eight catechins: 8.4% by mass, caffeine-containing Amount: 3.5% by mass). 2 g of matcha is added to 0.6 g of excipient (mixture of partially pregelatinized starch, dextrin, calcium stearate, fine silicon dioxide) and mixed, and this mixture is equally divided and filled into 9 gelatin capsules. Thereby, a sample of one intake was prepared.
In addition, a gardenia pigment was added to 2 g of the excipient (same as above) to give a green color, and this was equally divided and filled into nine gelatin capsules to prepare a single-dose placebo.
＜被験者の選定＞
６５名の健康な男女（２５歳以上３５歳未満）の勤労者について、スクリーニングとして、コグニトラックス検査の言語記憶テスト、視覚記憶テスト、ストループテスト及び４パート持続処理テストの４つのテストを実施した。４つのテストにおける誤答数が高い者から順に４２人を選抜し、以下の評価方法を実施する被験者に選定した。尚、４つのテストにおける誤答数は、言語記憶テストの誤答数（即時＋遅延）、視覚記憶テストの誤答数（即時＋遅延）、ストループテストの誤反応数、４パート持続処理テストにおける誤応答数（パート１〜４の合計）及び正解見過ごし数（パート１〜４の合計）の合計として算出した。また、反応時間として、ストループテストにおける反応時間、４パート持続処理テストにおける平均正解応答時間（パート１〜４の合計）及び平均誤応答時間（パート１〜４の合計）の合計（単位：ミリ秒）を算出した。４２名の被験者について、身長、体重、脈拍及び血圧の測定を行い、被験者背景調査及び問診を行った。更に、４２名の被験者を、平均年齢、性別比、コグニトラックス検査の誤応答数を割り付け因子として２つの群に振り分けて、サンプル群及びプラセボ群を２１名の被験者によって各々構成した。この群構成に基づいて、ＩＴＴ（Intent To Treat）解析により、下記の評価検査を行った。各群の被験者構成は表１に記載する。
<Selection of subjects>
Sixty-six healthy male and female (25 to 35 years old) workers were screened for four tests, a linguistic memory test, a visual memory test, a Stroop test, and a 4-part continuous processing test of the Cognitive Lax test. Forty-two persons were selected in descending order of the number of incorrect answers in the four tests, and selected as subjects to be subjected to the following evaluation methods. The number of incorrect answers in the four tests is the number of incorrect answers in the linguistic memory test (immediate + delay), the number of incorrect answers in the visual memory test (immediate + delay), the number of incorrect responses in the Stroop test, and the number of errors in the 4-part continuous processing test. It was calculated as the sum of the number of incorrect responses (total of parts 1 to 4) and the number of overlooked correct answers (total of parts 1 to 4). The reaction time is the sum of the reaction time in the Stroop test, the average correct response time (total of parts 1 to 4) and the average incorrect response time (total of parts 1 to 4) in the 4-part continuous processing test (unit: millisecond). ) Was calculated. Height, weight, pulse and blood pressure of 42 subjects were measured, and subject background survey and interview were conducted. In addition, 42 subjects were divided into two groups using the average age, sex ratio, and the number of false responses in the Cognitive Lax test as allocation factors, and a sample group and a placebo group were each composed of 21 subjects. Based on this group composition, the following evaluation test was performed by ITT (Intent To Treat) analysis. The composition of the subjects in each group is described in Table 1.
＜評価検査＞
サンプル群及びプラセボ群の被験者に、内田クレペリン精神検査（１５分間×２セット＝３０分間）を実施して作業負荷を与えた後、コグニトラックス検査（CNS Vital Signs社提供）の１０種のテストを行って、認知機能の評価を行った。各テストの内容は以下の通りである。各テストの結果について、応答数は、被験者間の平均値±標準偏差で示し、反応時間については、被験者の１応答当たりの反応時間から算出される被験者間の平均値±標準偏差で示す。尚、作業負荷及び評価検査の前後に、下記のような意識調査を行っている。
<Evaluation inspection>
The subjects in the sample group and the placebo group were given a workload by performing a Uchida-Kraepelin mental test (15 minutes × 2 sets = 30 minutes), and then subjected to 10 tests of a cognitive track test (provided by CNS Vital Signs). To assess cognitive function. The content of each test is as follows. Regarding the results of each test, the number of responses is represented by the average value ± standard deviation between subjects, and the reaction time is represented by the average value ± standard deviation between subjects calculated from the response time per response of each subject. Before and after the workload and evaluation tests, the following awareness surveys are conducted.
［視覚記憶テスト］
１５の図形が２秒に１つの割合で画面に表示され、その後、新たな１５の図形と共に既出の図形が表示され、既出の図形を回答する。所定数（所要時間約３分）のテストの正解回答数を測定する。
[Visual memory test]
Fifteen figures are displayed on the screen at a rate of one every two seconds. Thereafter, the existing figures are displayed together with new 15 figures, and the existing figures are answered. The number of correct answers of a predetermined number of tests (the required time is about 3 minutes) is measured.
［ストループテスト］
(1)単語（赤、青、黄）がランダムに黒色表示され、表示を見たら直ぐ応答し、所定回数の応答に要する時間（単純反応時間［ミリ秒］）を測定する。(2)単語（赤、青、黄、緑）がランダムに色表示され、単語を表示する色と単語の意味が一致した時のみ、又は、意味が一致しない時のみに応答する。所定数（所要時間約５分）のテストにおいて、誤った応答の数（ストループ誤反応）を測定する。
[Stroop test]
(1) Words (red, blue, yellow) are randomly displayed in black, and a response is made as soon as the display is seen, and the time required for a predetermined number of responses (simple response time [milliseconds]) is measured. (2) Words (red, blue, yellow, green) are randomly displayed in color, and a response is made only when the word display color matches the meaning of the word or only when the meaning does not match. In a predetermined number of tests (time required about 5 minutes), the number of erroneous responses (Stroop erroneous reactions) is measured.
［注意シフトテスト］
図形（丸、三角）が、画面の上部に１つ、下部に２つ色ランダムに表示（赤又は青）され、上部の表示と同じ図形又は同じ色の表示を下部から選択して応答する。所定数（所要時間約３分）のテストにおける正解応答及び誤答の数、並びに、正解応答における反応時間（正解反応時間［ミリ秒］）を測定する。
[Attention shift test]
A figure (circle or triangle) is randomly displayed (red or blue) in one color at the top of the screen and two colors at the bottom, and responds by selecting the same figure or the same color display from the bottom as the top display. The number of correct answers and incorrect answers in a predetermined number of tests (required time: about 3 minutes) and the reaction time (correct answer time [ms]) in the correct answer are measured.
［表情認知テスト］
画面に表示される顔の表情が、その下に表示される感情との一致について正否を応答する。２分間のテストにおいて、反応時間［ミリ秒］を測定する。肯定反応及び否定反応の各場合における正解応答数、反応時間、並びに、肯定反応及び否定反応の正解応答数の合計、平均正解反応時間、正解見過ごし数の合計、誤反応の合計を算出する。
[Expression recognition test]
A response is made as to whether the facial expression displayed on the screen matches the emotion displayed below. In a two minute test, the reaction time [milliseconds] is measured. The number of correct responses and the reaction time in each case of the positive response and the negative response, the total of the number of correct responses of the positive and negative reactions, the average total of the correct response time, the number of missed correct responses, and the total of the incorrect responses are calculated.
［非言語論理思考テスト］
画面の４つの区分のうちの３つに表示される図から、空いた区分に入るべき図を推論し、選択肢から選んで応答する。３．５分のテストにおける正解応答及び誤反応の数を測定する。
[Non-verbal logic thinking test]
From the figures displayed in three of the four sections of the screen, a figure to be put into an empty section is inferred, and a response is made by selecting from options. Measure the number of correct responses and false responses in the 3.5 minute test.
［４パート持続処理テスト］
(1)パート１：画面にランダムに文字が表示される間に、特定の文字が表示されたら即時応答し、正解応答における応答時間［ミリ秒］を測定し、平均値を算出する。(2)パート２：画面にランダムに図が表示される間に、特定の図が表示されたら即時応答し、正解応答における応答時間を測定し、平均値を算出する。(3)画面にランダムに図が表示される間に、１つ前の図が表示されたら即時応答し、正解応答における応答時間を測定し、平均値を算出する。(4)画面にランダムに図が表示される間に、２つ前の図が表示されたら即時応答し、正解応答における応答時間を測定し、平均値を算出する。
[4 part sustained processing test]
(1) Part 1: While characters are displayed randomly on the screen, if a specific character is displayed, an immediate response is made, the response time [millisecond] in the correct response is measured, and the average value is calculated. (2) Part 2: While a figure is displayed on the screen at random, an immediate response is made when a specific figure is displayed, the response time in the correct answer is measured, and the average value is calculated. (3) While the figures are displayed randomly on the screen, if the previous figure is displayed, an immediate response is made, the response time in the correct answer is measured, and the average value is calculated. (4) While the figures are displayed randomly on the screen, if the previous figure is displayed, an immediate response is made, the response time in the correct answer is measured, and the average value is calculated.
［持続処理テスト］
画面にランダムに文字が表示される間に、特定の文字が表示されたら即時応答し、所定のテスト（所要時間約５分）における誤反応の数を測定し、平均値を算出する。
[Continuous processing test]
While a particular character is displayed on the screen at random, an immediate response is made when a particular character is displayed, the number of erroneous reactions in a predetermined test (required time: about 5 minutes) is measured, and an average value is calculated.
［言語記憶テスト］
１５の単語が２秒に１つの割合で画面に表示され、その後、新たな１５の単語と共に既出の単語が表示され、既出の単語を回答する。所定数（所要時間約３分）のテストの正解回答数を測定する。
[Linguistic memory test]
Fifteen words are displayed on the screen at a rate of one every two seconds. Thereafter, the existing words are displayed together with the new 15 words, and the existing words are answered. The number of correct answers of a predetermined number of tests (the required time is about 3 minutes) is measured.
［指たたきテスト］
右手の人差し指でキーを１０秒間できる限り速く叩く。１回の練習後に３回実施し、左手の人差し指で同じ作業を繰り返す。キーを叩いた回数を測定し、３回の平均値を得る。
[Finger tapping test]
Hit the key with your right index finger as fast as possible for 10 seconds. After one practice, perform three times, and repeat the same work with the index finger of the left hand. The number of times the key is hit is measured, and an average of three times is obtained.
［ＳＤＣテスト］
画面の上部に、８つのシンボルと８つの数字とを対応させて表記する表を表示し、画面の下部に、８つのシンボルと空欄とを有する表を表示する。上部の表の対応関係に従って、下部の表の各シンボルに対応する数字で空欄を埋める作業における応答時間［ミリ秒］を測定し、所定数（所要時間約４分）のテストの正解応答及び誤答の数及び反応時間を調べる。
[SDC test]
At the top of the screen, a table is displayed in which eight symbols are associated with eight numbers, and at the bottom of the screen, a table having eight symbols and blank spaces is displayed. According to the correspondence relationship in the upper table, the response time [millisecond] in the work of filling in the blanks with the numbers corresponding to the respective symbols in the lower table is measured, and the correct answer and error of a predetermined number of tests (the required time is about 4 minutes) are measured. Check the number of answers and the reaction time.
（意識調査）
各被験者から、以下の９つの問いに対して、1)〜5)はＶＡＳ（視覚的アナログスケール、Visual Analog Scale）法［単位：ｍｍ］、6)〜9)は５段階評価による回答を得た。
1)疲れを感じているか？
2)起床時に身体の疲れを感じたか？
3)物事に集中することができるか？
4)物事を明確に考えることができるか？
5)活力はあるか（物事に取り組む意欲はあるか）？
6)ちょっとした運動又は作業でも凄く疲れたか？
7)仕事中に、物事に集中できないと感じたことがあるか？
8)仕事中に、考える速さが落ちたと感じたことがあるか？
9)仕事をする上で、物事を明確に考えるのが大変であったか？
(Awareness survey)
For each of the following nine questions from each subject, 1) to 5) were answered by VAS (Visual Analog Scale) method [unit: mm], and 6) to 9) were answered by five-step evaluation Was.
1) Are you tired?
2) Did you feel tired when you got up?
3) Can you focus on things?
4) Can you think clearly?
5) Is there energy (willingness to do things)?
6) Did you get tired from a little exercise or work?
7) During your work, have you ever felt that you couldn't concentrate on things?
8) During your work, have you ever felt that the speed of thinking has decreased?
9) When working, was it difficult to think clearly about things?
＜サンプル摂取及び有効性の評価＞
上述のサンプル又はプラセボを、サンプル群及びプラセボ群の各々の被験者に提供し、サンプル（又はプラセボ）９個を１日に１回、午前中に摂取してもらい、これを２週間継続した。この摂取期間後に、前述と同様に、問診、身体測定及びバイタルサインの測定を行って、内田クレペリン精神検査（３０分間）による作業負荷を与えた。その後、コグニトラックス検査（CNC Vital Signs社製）の１０種のテストを再度行って認知機能を評価した。評価は、ｔ検定またはマンホイットニーのＵ検定による。尚、作業負荷及び評価検査の前後に、意識調査を行っている。検査結果において効果が認められたものを表２に示す。表中の「ＳＣＲ」は「スクリーニング」を、「ｎｓ」は「有意差無し」を、各々意味する。
<Evaluation of sample intake and effectiveness>
The samples or placebos described above were provided to each subject in the sample and placebo groups, and nine samples (or placebos) were taken once daily in the morning and continued for two weeks. After this period of ingestion, an interview, physical measurements and vital signs measurements were performed as before, and a workload was applied by the Uchida-Kraepelin mental test (30 minutes). Thereafter, 10 tests of the Cognitive Lux test (manufactured by CNC Vital Signs) were performed again to evaluate cognitive function. Evaluation is based on t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. An awareness survey is conducted before and after the workload and evaluation tests. Table 2 shows the results in which the effect was observed in the test results. In the table, “SCR” means “screening”, and “ns” means “no significant difference”.
コグニトラックス検査の結果において、サンプル群では、ストループテストにおける反応時間の減少傾向が認められ、表情認知テストにおける肯定反応の正解ヒット数の増加傾向が認められる。４−パート持続処理テストにおいては反応時間の短縮が見られる。 In the results of the Cognitive Lux test, in the sample group, a decrease in the reaction time in the Stroop test is observed, and a tendency in the number of correct answer hits in the positive response in the facial expression recognition test is observed. In the 4-part sustained test, a reduction in reaction time is seen.
表情認知テストの結果について、サンプル群及びプラセボ群における評価を、各々、性別による区分で記載すると、表３のような結果が得られる。一方、作業負荷を与える目的で実施した内田クレペリン精神検査でも、作業負荷に伴う認知機能の低下を評価することができる。従って、内田クレペリン精神検査におけるサンプル群及びプラセボ群の結果を、同様に性別による区分で示すと、表４のような結果が得られる。 As for the results of the facial expression recognition test, if the evaluations in the sample group and the placebo group are respectively described by gender, the results shown in Table 3 are obtained. On the other hand, a Uchida-Kraepelin mental test conducted for the purpose of giving a workload can also evaluate a decrease in cognitive function associated with the workload. Therefore, when the results of the sample group and the placebo group in the Uchida-Kraepelin mental test are similarly shown by gender, the results shown in Table 4 are obtained.
表３における性別による区分においては、女性における評価において有効性が認められる。これに対し、内田クレペリン精神検査においては、男性における評価において有効性が認められる。このように性別による有効性の相違が見られることから、緑茶成分は、性別による生理学的な相違に関連する認知機能に作用することが考えられる。 In the classification by gender in Table 3, effectiveness is recognized in evaluation in women. In contrast, the Uchida-Kraepelin Psychiatric Test has shown efficacy in male evaluations. From the difference in effectiveness according to gender, it is considered that the green tea component acts on cognitive functions related to the physiological difference according to gender.
また、コグニトラックス検査の指たたきテスト、持続処理テスト、表情認知テスト、非言語論理思考テスト及び４パート持続処理テストの結果について、３０歳を境とする年齢区分によって表示すると、表５のようになる。 In addition, the results of the finger tapping test, sustained processing test, facial expression recognition test, non-verbal logic thinking test, and 4-part sustained processing test of the cognitive track test are displayed according to the age group at the age of 30 as shown in Table 5. Become.
表５によれば、３０歳未満の被験者では、持続処理テストにおいて有効性が見られる。一方、３０歳以上の被験者では、指たたきテスト、表情認知テスト、非言語論理思考テスト及び４パート持続処理テストにおいて有効性が認められた According to Table 5, in subjects under the age of 30 years, efficacy is seen in the continuous treatment test. On the other hand, subjects aged 30 and older were effective in the finger tapping test, facial expression recognition test, non-verbal logic thinking test, and 4-part continuous processing test
緑茶成分を有効成分とし、作業負荷に伴う認知機能低下の抑制に有用な緑茶組成物及び飲食品が、簡便且つ適正なコストで提供可能であり、認知症の予防に貢献することができる。 A green tea composition and a food or drink, which contains a green tea component as an active ingredient and is useful for suppressing cognitive decline due to work load, can be provided simply and at an appropriate cost, and can contribute to prevention of dementia.
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| CN114711428A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-08 | 湖北工业大学 | Application of pectin ECG composition in inhibiting formation of pyridine derivatives in gastrointestinal tract |
| FR3126870A1 (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-17 | Gozen K. K. Japan | Pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition intended to improve cellulite and varicose veins, characterized in that it comprises a combination of theanine and polysaccharides derived from matcha. |
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| FR3126870A1 (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-17 | Gozen K. K. Japan | Pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition intended to improve cellulite and varicose veins, characterized in that it comprises a combination of theanine and polysaccharides derived from matcha. |
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