JP2020022074A - Short slot directional coupler and synthetic distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a directional coupler manufactured so that the percentage of synthesizing or distributing electromagnetic waves matches a desired percentage exactly.SOLUTION: A short slot directional coupler 1 includes a first rectangular waveguide part 10, a second rectangular waveguide part 20, and a coupling part 30. The first rectangular waveguide part 10 has a first transmission line 11 including a first coupling region 14. The second rectangular waveguide part 20 has a second transmission line 21 including a second coupling region 24. The coupling part 30 connects the first and second transmission lines 11, 21 by interconnecting the first and second coupling regions 14, 24 on H planes. The first and second transmission lines 11, 21, and a conductor wall face 100 above and below the coupling part 30 are substantially flush. The first coupling region 14 has a first protrusion 15 of a slender shape when viewing from the vertical direction, and elongating in the radio wave transmission direction. The second coupling region 24 has a second protrusion 25 of a slender shape when viewing from the vertical direction, and elongating in the radio wave transmission direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a short slot directional coupler that combines or distributes radio waves.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a directional coupler having a plurality of ports. The directional coupler of Patent Document 1 combines radio waves input from a plurality of ports and outputs the synthesized radio waves from one port. Further, the directional coupler can also distribute radio waves input from one port and output the radio waves from a plurality of ports.

  Patent Literature 2 discloses a high-frequency device formed by cutting an aluminum alloy plate. This high-frequency device forms a plurality of waveguides when cutting, and forms a shape necessary for operating as a circulator between the waveguides. Patent Document 2 discloses that a directional coupler is formed by cutting, but does not describe the specific shape thereof.

Japanese Patent No. 2574926 JP 2017-92532 A

  The directional coupler combines or distributes radio waves at a predetermined ratio. Although the predetermined ratio is generally equal, it may be desirable to combine or distribute radio waves at a non-uniform predetermined ratio depending on radio waves input and output. In any case, the ratio of combining or distributing radio waves is one of the important performances for the directional coupler. However, it is difficult to create a directional coupler having an accurate predetermined ratio, for example, even if the directional coupler has a symmetric shape, radio waves cannot be combined or distributed uniformly. Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not disclose a configuration for solving these problems.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a short-slot directional coupler formed so that the ratio of combining or distributing radio waves exactly matches a desired ratio. Is to do.

Means and effects for solving the problem

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem and its effects will be described.

  According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a short slot directional coupler having the following configuration. That is, this short slot directional coupler includes a first rectangular waveguide section, a second rectangular waveguide section, and a coupling section. The first rectangular waveguide section has a first transmission line including a first coupling region. The second rectangular waveguide section has a second transmission path including a second coupling region. The coupling unit connects the first transmission path and the second transmission path by connecting the first coupling area and the second coupling area to each other on an H plane. The upper and lower conductor wall surfaces of the first transmission line, the second transmission line, and the coupling portion are substantially flush with each other. The first coupling region has a first radio wave adjusting portion formed on at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces and having an elongated shape and a longitudinal direction along a radio wave transmission direction. The second coupling region includes an elongated second radio wave adjusting portion formed on at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces and having an elongated shape and a longitudinal direction along a radio wave transmission direction.

  Thereby, the rate at which the transmission mode of the radio wave is converted changes according to the shapes of the first radio wave adjustment unit and the second radio wave adjustment unit. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a directional coupler in which the combining ratio or the distribution ratio of radio waves is adjusted to a desired ratio.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the directional coupler according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view illustrating three coupling regions of the directional coupler according to the first embodiment. 9 is a graph showing a change in the output ratio of the third and fourth ports when the protrusion height / recess depth of the first and second coupling regions is changed. The perspective view of the directional coupler of the structure in which the 1st recessed part and the 2nd recessed part are formed. 9 is a graph showing a change in the output ratio of the third and fourth ports when the protrusion height / recess depth of the third coupling region is changed. The perspective view of the directional coupler of the structure in which the 3rd recessed part is formed. FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view illustrating a first convex portion and an adjustment mechanism of the directional coupler according to the second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of a directional coupler according to a third embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of a directional coupler according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of a combination distributor according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of a combination distributor according to a sixth embodiment.

  Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, a short slot directional coupler 1 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the short slot directional coupler 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing three coupling regions of the short slot directional coupler 1. Further, in the following description, in a portion where the length or direction is the same, not only does the length or direction etc. indicate the exact same configuration, but also the length due to manufacturing errors and other circumstances, etc. Alternatively, a configuration in which the directions and the like are slightly different is also shown.

  The short slot directional coupler 1 according to the first embodiment is provided in a radar device. Specifically, it is provided in a circularly polarized wave generator that generates circularly polarized waves, a receiving circuit that receives a reflected wave (microwave) in which a transmitted wave is reflected by a target, and the like. The short-slot directional coupler 1 is not limited to a radar device, and may be provided in a device that distributes or combines high-frequency signals (for example, a communication device). As shown in FIG. 1, the short-slot directional coupler 1 includes a first rectangular waveguide section 10, a second rectangular waveguide section 20, and a coupling section 30.

  The first rectangular waveguide section 10 is a waveguide in which an internal space is formed by combining a plurality of flat conductors. The internal space of the first rectangular waveguide section 10 functions as a first transmission path 11 and can transmit radio waves. The radio wave transmission direction is the same direction as the tube length direction. Further, a first port 12 is formed at one end of the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 in the tube length direction, and a third port 13 is formed at the other end. The first port 12 and the third port 13 are portions where radio waves are input and output. In the present embodiment, the first rectangular waveguide section 10 is a linear waveguide, but may include a curved or bent portion. In this case, the pipe length direction differs depending on the position.

  The cross section of the first rectangular waveguide section 10 cut by a plane perpendicular to the tube length direction is a rectangle. The portions (the upper surface and the lower surface in FIG. 1) constituting the long sides of this rectangle are surfaces (H surfaces) parallel to the direction of the magnetic field generated in the first rectangular waveguide portion 10. In the following description, these surfaces will be referred to as conductor wall surfaces, and will be described with reference numeral 100.

  In addition, portions (short sides) of the rectangular shape of a cross section of the first rectangular waveguide section 10 cut by a plane perpendicular to the tube length direction (both sides in FIG. 1) are inside the first rectangular waveguide section 10. Is a plane (E-plane) parallel to the direction of the electric field generated in FIG. Among these two side surfaces, the inner side surface (the second rectangular waveguide portion 20 side) has an open portion (open portion) without a wall surface. The first rectangular waveguide section 10 is coupled to the second rectangular waveguide section 20 via the open portion and the coupling section 30. As shown in FIG. 2, a region from the open portion to the opposite side surface of the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 is referred to as a first coupling region, and a description is given with reference numeral 14.

  The direction in which the long sides face each other (in other words, the direction along the short side) is referred to as the tube height direction as shown in FIG. Note that the pipe height direction may be referred to as a vertical direction. Note that “up and down” indicates the direction of the short-slot directional coupler 1, and does not indicate that the short-slot directional coupler 1 is arranged so that the up-down direction and the vertical direction coincide with each other. The direction in which the short sides face each other (in other words, the direction along the long side) is referred to as the tube width direction as shown in FIG.

  A first convex portion (first radio wave adjusting portion) 15 is formed on a part of the conductor wall surface 100 of the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 and a portion that is the first coupling region 14. The first convex portion 15 is a portion that protrudes from the lower surface that is the lower conductor wall surface 100 along the tube height direction toward the upper surface that is the surface facing the lower surface. Hereinafter, the height at which the first convex portion 15 protrudes from the periphery thereof (in other words, the length in the tube height direction) is referred to as “projection height”.

  Further, the first convex portion 15 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Therefore, the first convex portion 15 has an elongated shape when viewed from the up-down direction (in other words, when the viewpoint direction is the up-down direction, that is, a plan view as shown in FIG. 2). The elongated shape may be such that the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction can be recognized, and the longitudinal direction does not need to be extremely long with respect to the lateral direction. The first convex portion 15 is formed such that its longitudinal direction is along the tube length direction (radio wave transmission direction). The first convex portion 15 may have a shape other than a rectangular parallelepiped (for example, a shape in which a corner is chamfered). However, it is preferable that the first convex portion 15 has a shape in which the longitudinal direction can be specified when viewed from above and below. Further, in the present embodiment, when the length of the first protrusion 15 in the longitudinal direction is L and the wavelength of the transmitted radio wave is λ, L = λ / 4 holds as shown in FIG. As described above, the length in the longitudinal direction of the first convex portion 15 is a value based on the wavelength of the transmitted radio wave (in other words, an integer is integrated with the wavelength or divided by the integer).

  Although the manufacturing method of the first convex portion 15 is various, the first convex portion 15 may be formed by cutting a portion other than the first convex portion 15, for example. Alternatively, the configuration may be such that the first convex portion 15 which is a separate member is attached to the conductor wall surface 100. As shown in FIG. 2, the first protrusion 15 is formed at the center of the first coupling region 14 in the tube length direction. The first convex portion 15 is formed at the center of the first coupling region 14 in the tube width direction. The first convex portion 15 may be formed at a position other than the center of the first coupling region 14 in the tube length direction, or may be formed at a position other than the center of the first coupling region 14 in the tube width direction.

  The second rectangular waveguide portion 20 is arranged such that the tube length direction of the second rectangular waveguide portion 20 and the tube length direction of the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 match. The second rectangular waveguide section 20 is drawn between the first rectangular waveguide section 10 and the second rectangular waveguide section 20 in plan view as shown in FIG. The shape is line-symmetric with respect to a predetermined symmetry line 101 (drawn). Therefore, the description of the shape of the second rectangular waveguide section 20 is simplified. In addition, the symmetry line 101 is a straight line passing through the center of the connecting portion 30 in the tube width direction in detail. Further, the first rectangular waveguide section 10 and the second rectangular waveguide section 20 are arranged between the first rectangular waveguide section 10 and the second rectangular waveguide section 20, and are arranged in a longitudinal direction of the pipe. It is also symmetric with respect to a plane parallel to both height directions.

  The internal space of the second rectangular waveguide section 20 functions as a second transmission path 21. A second port 22 is formed at one end of the second rectangular waveguide section 20 in the tube length direction, and a fourth port 23 is formed at the other end. Further, a second coupling region 24 is formed as a region corresponding to the first coupling region 14 of the first rectangular waveguide unit 10. In the second coupling region 24, a second convex portion (second radio wave adjusting portion) 25 is formed. Further, the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 and the second rectangular waveguide portion 20 have a common conductor wall surface 100.

  Further, the protrusion height of the first protrusion 15 and the protrusion height of the second protrusion 25 are the same. In other words, the distance from the first convex portion 15 formed on the lower surface to the opposing upper surface conductor wall 100 and the distance from the second convex portion 25 formed on the lower surface to the opposing upper surface conductor wall 100. And the distance is the same. Although the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25 are both formed on the lower surface, they may be both formed on the upper surface, or may be formed on the lower surface and one on the upper surface. Good.

  The coupling portion 30 is located between the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 (specifically, the first coupling region 14) and the second rectangular waveguide portion 20 (specifically, the second coupling region 24) in the tube width direction. Is formed. The upper surface (conductor wall surface 100) of the coupling portion 30 is continuous with the upper surface of the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 and the upper surface of the second rectangular waveguide portion 20, and the positions in the up-down direction are also substantially the same (that is, approximately the same). 1). The same applies to the lower surface of the joint 30. Therefore, the coupling section 30 is connected to the first rectangular waveguide section 10 and the second rectangular waveguide section 20 at the H plane.

  A region surrounded by an open portion on the inner side surface of the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 and an open portion on the inner side surface of the second rectangular waveguide portion 20 is referred to as a third coupling region 34. On the lower surface of the third coupling region 34, a third convex portion (third radio wave adjusting portion) 35 is formed. The third convex portion 35 is formed at the center in the tube length direction and at the center in the tube width direction, but may be formed at a different position. The third convex portion 35 has the same length in the tube length direction and the tube width direction as the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25. The longitudinal direction of the third convex portion 35 is the same as the longitudinal direction of the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25. However, the protrusion height of the third protrusion 35 is different from the protrusion heights of both the first protrusion 15 and the second protrusion 25. In other words, the distance from the third convex portion 35 formed on the lower surface to the conductor wall surface 100 on the opposing upper surface is different from the distance between the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25. Note that the third convex portion 35 may be formed on the upper surface instead of the lower surface. In the present embodiment, the third convex portion 35 is formed on the same side of the upper surface and the lower surface as the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25. However, the first convex portion 15 or the second It may be formed on a surface different from the convex portion 25. In addition, the surface to be formed may be changed also about the 4th convex part 4, 5th convex part 5, and 6th convex part 6 of embodiment mentioned later similarly to the above.

  In the short slot directional coupler 1, a radio wave input from the first port 12 is transmitted along the first transmission line 11 and partially transmitted along the second transmission line 21 via the coupling unit 30. Transmitted. Thus, the radio wave input from the first port 12 is output from the third port 13 and the fourth port 23. It should be noted that radio waves input from another port are also distributed in the same manner. This distribution ratio depends on the relationship between the length from the first port 12 to the first coupling region 14 and the wavelength, and the like.

More specifically, radio waves input from the first port 12 is transmitted in TE ₁₀ mode in until it reaches the first coupling region 14. Then, in the third coupling area from the first radio wave is transmitted in both the TE ₁₀ mode and the TE ₂₀ mode transmission mode. Here, by changing the length from the first port 12 to the first coupling region 14, the phase difference between the two transmission modes in the first to third coupling regions changes. The phase difference by the 90 °, ideally, the third port 13 and fourth port 23, the same amplitude and phase difference waves are excited in the TE ₁₀ mode of 90 °. However, in reality, an unavoidable space (coupling portion 30) exists between the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 and the second rectangular waveguide portion 20, so that the third port 13 and the fourth port The radio waves are not always output uniformly from 23.

  For example, when radio waves are input from both the third port 13 and the fourth port 23, these radio waves are combined and output from the first port 12. Even in this case, the radio wave input from the third port 13 and the radio wave input from the fourth port 23 are not necessarily combined uniformly.

  Since such a distribution ratio and a combination ratio are important values in the short slot directional coupler 1, it is desired to manufacture the short slot directional coupler 1 having a distribution ratio and a combination ratio according to demand. In addition, since the distribution ratio and the combination ratio of the short slot directional coupler 1 have basically the same value, a method of manufacturing the short slot directional coupler 1 having a distribution ratio according to a request will be described below. explain.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the influence of the protruding height of the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24 on the distribution ratio of the short slot directional coupler 1 will be described.

  FIG. 3 shows the third port 13 when the projection height of each of the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24 is changed when the projection height of the third projection 35 is constant. 4 is a graph showing the ratio of radio waves output from the fourth port 23. In FIG. 3, the protrusion heights of the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24 are the same. In addition, a graph is described in which the protrusion height in the direction in which the first connection region 14 and the second connection region 24 protrude toward the internal space is positive, and the protrusion height in the direction recessed outward is negative. Therefore, when the protruding height is positive, the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25 are formed in the short slot directional coupler 1 as shown in FIG. When the protruding height is negative, the short slot directional coupler 1 has, as shown in FIG. 4, a first concave portion 16 as a first radio wave adjusting portion and a second concave portion 26 as a second radio wave adjusting portion. Is formed. Note that the negative projection height can also be referred to as a depression depth.

  As shown in FIG. 3, as the protrusion height of the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24 increases, the ratio of the radio wave output from the third port 13 decreases, and the ratio of the radio wave output from the fourth port 23 decreases. The ratio of the radio wave to be increased. On the other hand, as the protrusion height of the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24 decreases, the ratio of the radio wave output from the third port 13 increases, and the ratio of the radio wave output from the fourth port 23 decreases. Lower.

As described above, in the short slot directional coupler 1, there is an unavoidable gap between the first rectangular waveguide section 10 and the second rectangular waveguide section 20. Therefore, the ratio of the radio waves output from the third port 13 and the fourth port 23 does not become the same due to the difference in the ratio between the two transmission modes in the first to third coupling regions. In this regard, by increasing the protruding height of the first coupling region 14 and second coupling region 24, since the TE ₂₀ mode is more strongly excited, the proportion of radio waves output from the fourth port 23 is increased. On the other hand, by lowering the protruding height of the first coupling region 14 and second coupling region 24, since the TE ₁₀ mode is more strongly excited, the proportion of radio waves output from the third port 13 is increased.

  As described above, by changing the protruding height of the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24, it is possible to change the combination ratio and the distribution ratio of the short slot directional coupler 1. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture the short slot directional coupler 1 having the combination ratio and the distribution ratio according to the demand.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the influence of the protruding height of the third coupling region 34 on the distribution ratio of the short slot directional coupler 1 will be described. FIG. 5 shows the third port 13 and the fourth port 23 when the protrusion height of the third coupling region 34 is changed when the protrusion height of the first protrusion 15 and the second protrusion 25 is constant. 5 is a graph showing the ratio of radio waves output from the STA. When the protruding height of the third coupling region 34 is positive, the third slot 35 is formed in the short slot directional coupler 1 as shown in FIG. When the projecting height of the third coupling region 34 is negative, the short slot directional coupler 1 has a third concave portion 36 as a third radio wave adjusting portion, as shown in FIG. Become.

  As shown in FIG. 5, as the protrusion height of the third coupling region 34 increases, the ratio of the radio wave output from the third port 13 increases, and the ratio of the radio wave output from the fourth port 23 decreases. Become. On the other hand, as the protrusion height of the third coupling region 34 decreases, the ratio of the radio wave output from the third port 13 decreases, and the ratio of the radio wave output from the fourth port 23 increases.

  That is, which transmission mode is strongly excited is determined according to the relative height of the third coupling region 34 with respect to the height of the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24. Therefore, even when only the protrusion height of the third coupling region 34 is changed, the distribution ratio of the short slot directional coupler 1 can be changed.

  Further, even when the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24 are entirely flat, the distribution ratio of the short slot directional coupler 1 can be changed by changing the protrusion height of the third coupling region 34. Can be changed. Conversely, even when the third coupling region 34 is entirely flat, changing the protruding height of the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24 allows distribution of the short slot directional coupler 1. The ratio can be changed.

  As described above, by forming a concave portion or a convex portion in at least a part of any one of the first joint region 14, the second joint region 24, and the third joint region 34, the distribution ratio required for the product Alternatively, the short slot directional coupler 1 satisfying the combination ratio can be manufactured. The distribution ratio or the combination ratio may be equal or may be unequal (for example, 1: 2).

  Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a side sectional view showing the first convex portion 15 and the adjusting mechanism 15a of the short slot directional coupler 1 according to the second embodiment. In the description of the second embodiment and the subsequent description, the same or similar members as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and description thereof may be omitted.

  In the first embodiment, it is not assumed that the first protrusion 15 or the like having a height according to a request is formed, and thereafter, the protrusion height is changed. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the protruding height of the first convex portion 15 and the like is configured to be adjustable. In the second embodiment, a concave portion is formed in the conductor wall surface 100 by cutting or the like, and the rectangular parallelepiped first convex portion 15 is arranged in the concave portion. In addition, the first convex portion 15 is supported by an adjusting mechanism 15a including a screw or the like. With this configuration, the supporting height of the first protrusion 15 can be changed by rotating the screw, so that the protrusion height of the first protrusion 15 can be changed.

  Thus, by adjusting the protrusion height of the first convex portion 15 using the adjusting mechanism 15a according to the required specification, different distribution ratios and combination ratios can be realized by one short slot directional coupler 1. . FIG. 7 shows only the adjustment mechanism 15 a for adjusting the projection height of the first projection 15, but the second coupling region 24 has an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the projection height of the second projection 25. A mechanism is arranged. Further, instead of or in addition to these adjustment mechanisms, an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the protrusion height of the third convex portion 35 may be provided.

  Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of the directional coupler according to the third embodiment. In the short slot directional coupler 1 according to the third embodiment, the first rectangular waveguide unit 10 includes a first input / output unit 17. The first input / output unit 17 is a part connected to both ends of the first coupling region 14 in the tube length direction. The first input / output unit 17 is a portion where the first port 12 or the third port 13 is formed. The tube length direction of the first input / output unit 17 is different from the tube length direction of the first coupling region 14. Specifically, the tube length direction of the first input / output unit 17 is a direction that opens outward. In other words, the tube length direction of the first input / output unit 17 is in a direction away from the third joint 35 in the tube width direction as the distance from the first coupling region 14 along the tube length direction of the tube 14 increases. Therefore, the pipe is curved or bent between the first coupling region 14 and the first input / output unit 17.

  Further, the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 is formed with the fourth convex portion 4 so as to extend over the first coupling region 14 and the first input / output portion 17 (on both regions). The fourth convex portion 4 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape like the first convex portion 15 and the like. In the plan view of FIG. 8, the longitudinal direction of the fourth protrusion 4 is the same as the tube length direction of the first input / output unit 17. With this configuration, even when the first coupling region 14 and the first input / output unit 17 have different tube length directions, it is possible to guide the transmitted radio waves so as to be hardly reflected.

  Note that the fourth convex portion 4 may have a concave shape instead of the convex shape. Further, in the present embodiment, the fourth convex portion 4 and the first convex portion 15 are separated, but as shown in the fourth embodiment of FIG. 9, the fourth convex portion 4 and the first convex portion 15 are separated. It may be formed so as to be continuous (connected in the longitudinal direction). Further, in the case where the fourth convex portion 4 and the first convex portion 15 are formed so as to be continuous, the protrusion height of both may be the same.

  In the third embodiment, as in the first embodiment, since the first rectangular waveguide section 10 and the second rectangular waveguide section 20 are symmetrical, the description of the second rectangular waveguide section 20 is simplified. Become The second rectangular waveguide unit 20 includes a second input / output unit 27. The second input / output unit 27 has a fifth protrusion 5 formed therein. The fourth convex portion 4 and the fifth convex portion 5 may have the same protruding height (concave depth) or may have different protruding heights.

  Next, a synthesis distributor 200 according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The combiner / distributor 200 of the fifth embodiment has a configuration including three short-slot directional couplers 1 described in the first embodiment. In the description of the fifth embodiment, the short-slot directional coupler 1 included in the combining / distributing device 200 is referred to as a directional coupling unit, and is described with reference numerals 1a, 1b, and 1c.

  The combining / distributing device 200 of the fifth embodiment connects the third port 13 of the directional coupling unit 1b to the second port 22 of the directional coupling unit 1a, and connects the directional coupling to the first port 12 of the directional coupling unit 1a. This is a configuration in which the fourth port 23 of the coupling unit 1c is connected. In the combining / distributing device 200 of the fifth embodiment, the signals are input to the first port 12 and the second port 22 of the directional coupling unit 1b and the first port 12 and the second port 22 of the directional coupling unit 1c, that is, four in total. The combined radio waves can be output from the third port 13 of the directional coupling unit 1a. Similarly, one radio wave can be distributed to four radio waves.

  Like the short slot directional coupler 1 of the first embodiment, the three directional coupling portions 1a, 1b, 1c have a first convex portion 15, a second convex portion 25, and a third convex portion 35, respectively. Is formed. The effect of forming these convex portions is the same as in the first embodiment.

  The sixth distributor 6 is formed in the combiner / distributor 200 of the fifth embodiment. The sixth convex portion 6 is formed at a connection point between the directional coupling section 1a and the directional coupling section 1b and at a connection point between the directional coupling section 1a and the directional coupling section 1c. The sixth convex portion 6 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape like the first convex portion 15, the second convex portion 25, the fourth convex portion 4, the fifth convex portion 5, and the like. In the plan view of FIG. 10, the longitudinal direction of the sixth convex portion 6 is the same as the tube length direction (in other words, the longitudinal direction of the fourth convex portion 4 and the fifth convex portion 5 is the same). The length L in the longitudinal direction of the sixth convex portion 6 satisfies L = λ / 4, where λ is the wavelength of the transmitted radio wave, similarly to the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25. Is preferred.

  Here, the size of the combining / distributing device 200 can be reduced by reducing the length of the connecting portion between the directional coupling portions. However, since the electric field and the magnetic field are disturbed at this connecting portion, the output of the radio wave is reduced. Problems, such as a decrease in In this regard, in the fifth embodiment, since the sixth convex portion 6 is formed at the connection portion, the occurrence of the disturbance of the electric field and the magnetic field can be suppressed, so that the disturbance of the electric field and the magnetic field does not occur. The size of the combiner / distributor 200 can be reduced.

  Note that the sixth convex portion 6 may have a concave shape instead of the convex shape. In the present embodiment, the sixth convex portion 6 is separated from both the fourth convex portion 4 and the fifth convex portion 5, but as shown in the sixth embodiment of FIG. In addition, both the fifth protrusion 5 and the sixth protrusion 6 may be formed so as to be continuous (connected in the longitudinal direction). Furthermore, when the fourth convex portion 4, the fifth convex portion 5, and the sixth convex portion 6 are formed so as to be continuous, all the protruding heights can be the same.

  As described above, the short-slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment includes the first rectangular waveguide section 10, the second rectangular waveguide section 20, and the coupling section 30. The first rectangular waveguide section 10 has a first transmission path 11 including a first coupling region 14. The second rectangular waveguide section 20 has a second transmission path 21 including a second coupling region 24. The coupling unit 30 connects the first transmission line 11 and the second transmission line 21 by connecting the first coupling region 14 and the second coupling region 24 to each other on the H plane. The upper and lower conductor wall surfaces 100 of the first transmission line 11, the second transmission line 21, and the coupling portion 30 are substantially flush with each other. The first coupling region 14 is formed on at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces 100 and is a first protrusion having an elongated shape when viewed from above and below and having a longitudinal direction along the radio wave transmission direction. It has a part 15. The second coupling region 24 is formed on at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces 100 and is a second protrusion having an elongated shape when viewed from the top and bottom and having a longitudinal direction along the radio wave transmission direction. It has a part 25.

  As a result, the rate at which the transmission mode of the radio wave is converted changes according to the shapes of the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a directional coupler in which the combining ratio or the distribution ratio of radio waves is adjusted to a desired ratio.

  In the short-slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, the first convex portion 15 has a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface 100. The second convex portion 25 has a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface 100. The distance from the first convex portion 15 to the conductor wall surface 100 (upper surface) vertically opposed to the first convex portion 15 and the conductor wall surface 100 vertically opposed to the second convex portion 25 from the second convex portion 25 (Upper surface) is the same.

  Thus, the first radio wave adjustment unit and the second radio wave adjustment unit can be realized with a simple configuration.

  Further, in the short slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, when viewed from above and below, a straight line (symmetry line 101) that passes through the coupling part 30 and is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first convex part 15 is The first protrusion 15 and the second protrusion 25 are line-symmetric.

  As a result, it is possible to efficiently distribute or combine radio waves and appropriately convert the transmission mode.

  In the short-slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, the first convex portion 15 and the second convex portion 25 are arranged on the same side of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces 100.

  Thereby, the first rectangular waveguide portion 10 and the second rectangular waveguide portion 20 have more symmetrical shapes, so that the above-described effects can be more reliably exerted.

  Further, in the short slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, when the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the first convex portion 15 is referred to as the tube width direction when viewed from the up-down direction, the first convex portion 15 Are arranged at the center of the first coupling region 14 in the tube width direction. The second convex portion 25 is arranged at the center of the second coupling region 24 in the tube width direction.

  Thereby, the transmission mode can be more reliably converted as compared with the configuration in which the first protrusion 15 or the second protrusion 25 is arranged at the end in the tube width direction.

  In the short-slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, the coupling portion 30 is formed on at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces 100 and has an elongated shape when viewed from above and below. The longitudinal direction is the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the first convex portion 15, and has a convex third convex portion 35 protruding from the conductor wall surface 100. The distance from the third convex portion 35 to the conductor wall surface 100 (upper surface) vertically opposed to the third convex portion 35 is the conductor wall surface 100 vertically opposed to the first convex portion 15 from the first convex portion 15. Different from the distance to. The distance from the second convex portion 25 to the conductor wall surface 100 facing the second convex portion 25 in the vertical direction is also different.

  Thereby, the transmission mode can be converted more reliably.

  Further, in the short slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, the third convex portion 35 is disposed at the center of the coupling portion 30 in the tube width direction when viewed from above and below.

  Thereby, the transmission mode can be more reliably converted as compared with the configuration in which the third convex portion 35 is arranged at the end in the tube width direction.

  In the short-slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, the length in the longitudinal direction of the first protrusion 15 and the second protrusion 25 is a length based on the frequency bandwidth of the radio wave to be transmitted.

  In the short-slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, the length in the longitudinal direction of the first protrusion 15 and the second protrusion 25 is approximately λ / 4 of the frequency of the radio wave to be transmitted.

  Thereby, the first convex portion 15 and the first concave portion 16 that can easily convert the transmitted radio wave can be applied.

  Further, the short slot directional coupler 1 includes a first input / output unit 17, a second input / output unit 27, a fourth protrusion 4, and a fifth protrusion 5. The first input / output unit 17 is connected to the first coupling region 14 and has a different pipe length direction from the first coupling region 14. The second input / output unit 27 is connected to the second coupling region 24, and has a different pipe length direction from the second coupling region 24. The fourth convex portion 4 is disposed so as to straddle the first coupling region 14 and the first input / output portion 17, has a longitudinal direction along the tube length direction of the first input / output portion 17, and projects from the conductor wall surface 100. It has a convex shape or a concave shape recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface 100. The fifth convex portion 5 is disposed so as to straddle the second coupling region 24 and the second input / output portion 27, has a longitudinal direction along the pipe length direction of the second input / output portion 27, and projects from the conductor wall surface 100. It has a convex shape or a concave shape recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface 100.

  Accordingly, even when the first coupling region 14 and the first input / output unit 17 have different tube length directions, it is possible to guide the transmitted radio waves so as not to be easily reflected.

  Further, in the short-slot directional coupler 1 of the above embodiment, the fourth protrusion 4 is arranged so as to be continuous with the first protrusion 15. The fifth projection 5 is arranged so as to be continuous with the second projection 25.

  This facilitates the manufacture of the short slot directional coupler 1 and can suppress the disturbance of the electric field and the magnetic field.

  Further, the combiner / distributor 200 of the above embodiment combines or distributes radio waves by connecting a plurality of directional coupling units 1a, 1b, 1c. A sixth convex portion 6 having a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface 100 is formed at a connection point between the directional coupling portions 1a, 1b, 1c.

  Thereby, the disturbance of the electric field and the magnetic field at the connection portion between the directional coupling portions 1a, 1b, 1c can be suppressed.

  Further, in the combining / distributing device 200 of the above-described embodiment, at the connection location of the short slot directional coupler 1, the sixth shape has a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface 100 or a concave shape recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface 100. The projection 6 is formed. The sixth convex portion 6 is arranged so as to be continuous with the fourth convex portion 4 and the fifth convex portion 5.

  Thereby, the production of the short slot directional coupler 1 is facilitated, and the disturbance of the electric field and the magnetic field may be further suppressed.

  Further, in the combining / distributing device 200 of the above embodiment, the length of the sixth convex portion 6 in the radio wave transmission direction is approximately λ / 4 of the radio wave to be transmitted.

  Thereby, the sixth convex portion 6 having a shape corresponding to the radio wave to be transmitted can be applied.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the above configuration can be modified as follows, for example.

  The features described in the first to sixth embodiments can be appropriately combined as long as no contradiction occurs. For example, by combining the features of the fourth embodiment and the sixth embodiment, the first protrusion 15, the second protrusion 25, the fourth protrusion 4, the fifth protrusion 5, and the sixth protrusion 6 are all made continuous. You may.

  The combiner / distributor 200 of the fifth and sixth embodiments has a configuration having three directional couplers 1a, 1b, and 1c, but the combiner / distributor 200 has a configuration having four or more directional couplers. You may.

  In the above embodiment, the insides of the short slot directional coupler 1 and the combiner / distributor 200 are hollow, but a dielectric may be included therein.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Short slot directional coupler 1a, 1b, 1c Directional coupling part 10 1st rectangular waveguide part 20 2nd rectangular waveguide part 30 Coupling part 100 Conductor wall surface 200 Synthetic distributor

Claims (14)

A first rectangular waveguide portion having a first transmission path including a first coupling region;
A second rectangular waveguide portion having a second transmission path including a second coupling region;
A coupling unit that connects the first transmission path and the second transmission path by connecting the first coupling area and the second coupling area to each other on the H plane;
With
The first transmission path, the second transmission path, and upper and lower conductor wall surfaces of the coupling portion are substantially flush with each other,
The first coupling region has a first radio wave adjusting portion formed on at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces, and the first radio wave adjusting portion has an elongated shape when viewed from above and below. And the longitudinal direction is a shape along the radio wave transmission direction,
The second coupling region has a second radio wave adjustment unit formed on at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces, and the second radio wave adjustment unit is elongated when viewed from above and below. A short-slot directional coupler, wherein the longitudinal direction is shaped along the direction of radio wave transmission. The short slot directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein
The first radio wave adjusting unit has a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface, or a concave shape recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface,
The second radio wave adjusting unit has a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface, or a concave shape recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface,
A distance from the first radio wave adjustment unit to the conductor wall surface vertically facing the first radio wave adjustment unit; and a conductor facing the second radio wave adjustment unit vertically from the second radio wave adjustment unit. A short slot directional coupler, wherein the distance to a wall is the same. It is a short slot directional coupler of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising:
When viewed from above and below, the first radio wave adjustment unit and the second radio wave adjustment unit are line-symmetric with respect to a straight line that passes through the coupling unit and is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first radio wave adjustment unit. A short-slot directional coupler, characterized in that: The short-slot directional coupler according to claim 3, wherein
The short slot directional coupler, wherein the first radio wave adjusting unit and the second radio wave adjusting unit are arranged on the same side of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces. The short slot directional coupler according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein
When viewed from above and below, when a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first radio wave adjusting unit is referred to as a tube width direction,
The first radio wave adjusting unit is disposed at the center of the first coupling region in the tube width direction,
The short slot directional coupler, wherein the second radio wave adjusting unit is disposed at a center of the second coupling region in the tube width direction. A short slot directional coupler according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein
The coupling portion has a convex shape projecting from the conductor wall surface, or a concave third radio wave adjustment portion recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface,
The third radio wave adjustment unit is formed on at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces,
The third radio wave adjustment unit is elongated when viewed from above and below, and the longitudinal direction of the third radio wave adjustment unit is the same as the longitudinal direction of the first radio wave adjustment unit,
The distance from the third radio wave adjustment unit to the conductor wall surface vertically opposed to the third radio wave adjustment unit is:
The distance from the first radio wave adjusting unit to the conductor wall surface vertically opposed to the first radio wave adjusting unit is different, and
A short-slot directional coupler, wherein a distance from the second radio wave adjustment unit to the conductor wall surface vertically facing the second radio wave adjustment unit is also different. The short slot directional coupler according to claim 6, wherein
When viewed from above and below, when a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first radio wave adjusting unit is referred to as a tube width direction,
The short slot directional coupler, wherein the third radio wave adjusting unit is disposed at a center of the coupling unit in the tube width direction. The short slot directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein:
The short-slot directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein a length in a longitudinal direction of the first radio wave adjusting unit and the second radio wave adjusting unit is a length based on a frequency bandwidth of a radio wave to be transmitted. The short slot directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein:
The length of the first radio wave adjusting unit and the length of the second radio wave adjusting unit in the longitudinal direction are approximately λ / 4 of the frequency of the radio wave to be transmitted. The short-slot directional coupler according to claim 1, wherein:
A first input / output unit connected to the first coupling region and having a different tube length direction from the first coupling region;
A second input / output unit connected to the second coupling region and having a different pipe length direction from the second coupling region;
The first coupling area and the first input / output unit are arranged so as to extend along a pipe length direction of the first input / output unit, and at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces is the conductor wall surface And a fourth radio wave adjuster having a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface or a concave shape recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface,
The second coupling area and the second input / output unit are arranged so as to extend over the second input / output unit, and a longitudinal direction thereof is along a pipe length direction of the second input / output unit. And a fifth radio wave adjusting unit having a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface or a concave shape recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface,
A short slot directional coupler comprising: The short slot directional coupler according to claim 10, wherein:
The fourth radio wave adjustment unit is disposed so as to be continuous with the first radio wave adjustment unit,
The said 5th radio wave adjustment part is arrange | positioned so that it may be continuous with the said 2nd radio wave adjustment part, The short slot directional coupler characterized by the above-mentioned. A combining / distributing device that combines or distributes radio waves by connecting a plurality of short-slot directional couplers according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
At the connection point between the short slot directional couplers, at least one of the upper and lower conductor wall surfaces is formed on the one of the conductor wall surfaces, and has a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface, or a concave shape with respect to the conductor wall surface. A combining distributor, wherein a sixth radio wave adjusting portion having a concave shape is formed. A combining distributor for combining or distributing radio waves by connecting a plurality of short slot directional couplers according to claim 10 or 11,
At a connection point of the short slot directional coupler, a sixth radio wave adjusting unit having a convex shape protruding from the conductor wall surface or a concave shape recessed with respect to the conductor wall surface is formed,
The sixth distributor is arranged so that the sixth radio controller is continuous with both the fourth radio controller and the fifth radio controller. The composite distributor according to claim 12 or claim 13, wherein
The length of the sixth radio wave adjusting unit in the radio wave transmission direction is approximately λ / 4 of the radio wave to be transmitted.

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