JP2020012130A - Method for recovering valuable materials from processing object - Google Patents
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- JP2020012130A JP2020012130A JP2018133137A JP2018133137A JP2020012130A JP 2020012130 A JP2020012130 A JP 2020012130A JP 2018133137 A JP2018133137 A JP 2018133137A JP 2018133137 A JP2018133137 A JP 2018133137A JP 2020012130 A JP2020012130 A JP 2020012130A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 15
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000289 melt material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、使用済みの充電池などに代表される廃棄物などの処理対象物から、リチウム（Li)、コバルト（Co)などに代表される有価物を回収、リサイクルする処理対象物からの有価物の回収方法に関する。 The present invention recovers valuable resources represented by lithium (Li), cobalt (Co), and the like from treated objects such as waste such as used rechargeable batteries, and recycles valuable resources from the treated objects. It relates to a method for collecting objects.
従来より、リチウムイオン電池やそれを内蔵する携帯電話などの内部には、リチウム（Li）やコバルト（Co）などの有価物が含まれており、この有価物を回収し、有効に再利用しようとするリサイクル技術が開発されている。特に、２０１１年４月からは、小型家電リサイクル法が施工され、廃棄物からのレアメタル等の有価物の回収技術が注目され、化学的方法、冶金的方法、サンドブラスト等の機械的方法によるリサイクルの手法が開発・実用化されている。なお、本明細書において有価物として回収されるものには、リチウム等のレアメタルだけでなく、貴金属やレアアースなども含まれる。 Conventionally, valuables such as lithium (Li) and cobalt (Co) have been included in the interior of lithium-ion batteries and mobile phones that contain them, and these valuables should be collected and reused effectively. And recycling technologies have been developed. In particular, the Small Home Appliance Recycling Law has been implemented since April 2011, and attention has been paid to the technology for recovering valuable resources such as rare metals from waste, and the recycling method using chemical methods, metallurgical methods, and mechanical methods such as sand blasting. The method has been developed and put into practical use. Note that what is collected as valuable resources in this specification includes not only rare metals such as lithium, but also noble metals and rare earths.
上記した目的を達成するためのリサイクル技術としては、たとえば、特許文献１に開示されたものがある。
特許文献１は、電池ケースの構成材として少なくともアルミニウム材が使用されている廃リチウムイオン電池を６６０℃以上の温度で加熱してアルミニウム材を溶融せしめるものとなっている。この特許文献１の方法では、溶融したアルミニウム材と、電池本体部を構成する非溶融の材料とを分離する溶融分離工程を行い、次に前記溶融分離工程で得られた非溶融の材料を粉砕して粉砕物を得る粉砕工程を行って、リチウムイオン電池から有価物を回収している。
As a recycling technique for achieving the above-mentioned object, for example, there is a technique disclosed in Patent Document 1.
In Patent Document 1, a waste lithium ion battery in which at least an aluminum material is used as a constituent material of a battery case is heated at a temperature of 660 ° C. or more to melt the aluminum material. In the method of Patent Document 1, a melt separation step is performed for separating a molten aluminum material and a non-melt material constituting a battery main body, and then the non-melt material obtained in the melt separation step is pulverized. A valuable process is performed by performing a pulverizing step of obtaining a pulverized material from the lithium ion battery.
ところで、特許文献１に開示された技術は、低融点で溶融するアルミニウム材がケース材に用いられているからこそ可能なものとなっており、融点が有価物と同じようなケースなどを有する処理対象物から有価物だけを分離する場合などには適用することができず、適用される処理対象物が限定されるものとなっている。つまり、特許文献１の技術は、如何なる処理対象物からでも有効に有価物を取り出すことが可能な技術とは言いがたい。 Incidentally, the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 is only possible because an aluminum material that melts at a low melting point is used for a case material, and a process having a case or the like having a melting point similar to a valuable material is performed. This method cannot be applied to the case where only valuables are separated from the object, and the applicable processing object is limited. That is, the technique of Patent Document 1 cannot be said to be a technique capable of effectively extracting valuable resources from any processing target.
また、特許文献１の技術を用いるためには、処理対象物の成分組成も安定している必要がある。つまり、組成の状態が安定せず、 処理を行う度に成分組成が変化するような場合には、十分に処理対象物を溶解できなくなる可能性があり、特許文献１の技術を適用できない場合がある。
そこで、本発明は、上記問題点に鑑み、処理対象物を爆破容器内で爆破する技術を応用し、性状や成分組成によらず処理対象物から効果的に且つ確実に有価物を回収することが可能な回収技術（リサイクル技術）を提供することを目的とする。
In addition, in order to use the technique of Patent Document 1, the component composition of the object to be treated also needs to be stable. In other words, when the composition state is not stable and the component composition changes each time the treatment is performed, there is a possibility that the object to be treated cannot be sufficiently dissolved, and the technique of Patent Document 1 cannot be applied. is there.
In view of the above problems, the present invention applies technology for blasting a treatment target in a blast container, and effectively and reliably recovers valuable resources from the treatment target regardless of properties or component compositions. The purpose is to provide a collection technology (recycling technology) that can be used.
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明においては以下の技術的手段を講じた。
本発明にかかる処理対象物からの有価物の回収方法は、処理対象物から有価物を回収する回収方法において、前記処理対象物に対して爆破容器内で爆破処理を施すことにより、前記処理対象物を爆破生成体とし、得られた爆破生成体に対して所定の処理を施すことにより、前記爆破生成体から有価物を回収するに際し、前記処理対象物を爆破することにより有価物を個別に分離回収することを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the following technical measures have been taken in the present invention.
The method for recovering valuable resources from a processing object according to the present invention is a recovery method for recovering valuable resources from a processing object, wherein the processing object is subjected to a blasting treatment in a blast container, thereby obtaining the processing object. The material is used as a blast product, and the obtained blast product is subjected to a predetermined process to collect valuable resources from the blast product. It is characterized by separation and recovery.
好ましくは、前記爆破処理で使用する爆薬に、鋭憾剤を混合するとよい。
好ましくは、前記爆破処理を、不活性雰囲気下で実施するとよい。
好ましくは、前記爆破処理が、一回の爆破を実施する工程を有するとよい。
好ましくは、前記爆破処理が、処理対象物から可燃物乃至は有機物を除去する第１爆破工程と、第１爆破工程後に存在する処理対象物のデブリを爆破する第２爆破工程と、を有するとよい。
Preferably, a sharpening agent is mixed with the explosive used in the blast treatment.
Preferably, the blast treatment is performed under an inert atmosphere.
Preferably, the blasting process has a step of performing one blast.
Preferably, the blasting process includes a first blasting step of removing combustible materials or organic substances from the treatment target, and a second blasting step of blasting debris of the treatment target present after the first blasting step. Good.
好ましくは、前記爆破生成体に対して、冶金学的処理を施すことにより、処理対象物からの有価物を個別に分離回収するとよい。
好ましくは、前記爆破処理後に得られた爆破生成体に対して、化学的処理を施すことにより、処理対象物からの有価物を個別に分離回収するとよい。
好ましくは、前記爆破処理後に得られた爆破生成体に対して、磁選処理を施すことにより、処理対象物からの有価物を個別に分離回収するとよい。
Preferably, the blasted product is subjected to metallurgical treatment to separate and collect valuables from the object to be treated.
Preferably, the blasting product obtained after the blasting treatment is subjected to a chemical treatment to separate and collect valuables from the treatment target individually.
Preferably, the blasted product obtained after the blasting treatment is subjected to a magnetic separation treatment to separate and collect valuable materials from the treatment target individually.
本発明の処理対象物からの有価物の回収方法によれば、処理対象物が如何なる種類であっても、より効果的に且つ確実に貴金属やレアメタルなどの有価物を回収することが可能となる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the collection | recovery method of the valuables from the processing target of this invention, it becomes possible to collect | recover valuables, such as a noble metal and a rare metal, more effectively and reliably, whatever the kind of a processing target. .
以下、本発明にかかる処理対象物からの有価物の回収方法の実施形態を、図を参照して説明する。
本発明にかかる処理対象物Ｔからの有価物の回収方法（以下、単に、リサイクル方法と呼ぶこともある）は、リチウムイオン電池などの処理対象物Ｔからコバルトなどの有価物を高効率で回収する方法であり、従来にはない画期的な技術思想を有するものである。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for collecting valuables from a processing object according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The method for recovering valuable resources from the processing target T according to the present invention (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as a recycling method) is a method for recovering valuable resources such as cobalt from the processing target T such as a lithium ion battery with high efficiency. This method has a revolutionary technical idea that has never existed before.
具体的には、本発明のリサイクル方法は、処理対象物Ｔをそのまま、乃至は処理対象物Ｔを収納している収納容器を取り外した上で、その処理対象物Ｔを爆薬等を用いて爆破し爆破生成体Ｐを回収する爆破処理と、爆破処理で回収した爆破生成体Ｐに冶金学的、化学的、磁気的な選別を適用して、有価物を個別に分離して回収する有価物回収処理を行うものとなっている。 Specifically, according to the recycling method of the present invention, the processing target T is left as it is, or the storage container storing the processing target T is removed, and the processing target T is blasted using an explosive. A blasting process for recovering the blast products P and a valuable material for separately separating and collecting valuable materials by applying metallurgical, chemical and magnetic sorting to the blast products P collected in the blast process A collection process is performed.
次に、本発明のリサイクル方法で有価物の回収が行われる処理対象物Ｔについて説明する。
処理対象物Ｔは、上述したリチウムイオン電池に限定されるものではなく、廃家電、プリント基板、携帯電話など多岐に亘るものである。また、処理対象物Ｔから回収される有価物には、リチウムのほか、リチウム以外のコバルトなどのレアメタルや貴金属も含まれる。
Next, the processing target T for which valuable resources are collected by the recycling method of the present invention will be described.
The processing object T is not limited to the above-described lithium ion battery, but covers a wide variety of household appliances, printed circuit boards, mobile phones, and the like. The valuable resources recovered from the processing target T include, in addition to lithium, rare metals and precious metals such as cobalt other than lithium.
なお、本実施形態では、処理対象物Ｔとしてリチウムイオン電池を挙げ、このリチウムイオン電池に用いられるリチウムを有価物として回収する例を挙げる。
［第１実施形態］
以下、第１実施形態のリサイクル方法については述べる。
図１に示す如く、第１実施形態のリサイクル方法は、処理対象物Ｔであるリチウムイオン電池の廃電池に対して、この廃電池を爆破して処理対象物Ｔから爆破生成体Ｐを生成させる「爆破処理」と、爆破処理で生成した爆破生成体Ｐから目標とする有価物を取り出す「有価物回収処理」と、の２つの工程を行うものとなっている。
In the present embodiment, a lithium ion battery is used as the processing target T, and an example in which lithium used in the lithium ion battery is collected as a valuable material will be described.
[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the recycling method of the first embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the recycling method of the first embodiment, a waste battery of a lithium ion battery as a processing target T is blasted to generate a blast product P from the processing target T. Two processes are performed: a "blasting process" and a "valuable material recovery process" for extracting a target valuable material from the blasting product P generated by the blasting process.
以降では、第１実施形態のリサイクル方法を構成する爆破処理及び有価物回収処理の２つの工程について説明する。
図１中の（Ｉ）に示すように、第１実施形態のリサイクル方法において最初に行われる工程は、爆破容器１内にて、処理対象物Ｔに対して行われる爆破処理である。この爆破処理は処理対象物Ｔから爆破生成体Ｐを生成させる操作であり、爆破生成体Ｐは有価物を処理対象物Ｔの状態よりも取り出しやすくしたものとなっている。
Hereinafter, two steps of a blasting process and a valuable resource recovery process that constitute the recycling method of the first embodiment will be described.
As shown in (I) in FIG. 1, the first step performed in the recycling method of the first embodiment is a blasting process performed on the processing target T in the blasting container 1. This blasting process is an operation of generating a blasting product P from the processing target T, and the blasting product P makes it easier to take out valuables than the state of the processing target T.
具体的には、処理対象物Ｔは有価物を酸化物として含有していたり有機物との混合物として含有していたりして、そのまま有価物を取り出すことができない場合がある。これに対して、爆破生成体Ｐは、有価物が粒子状態で存在するものであり、有価物を取り出すことが処理対象物Ｔよりも容易となっている。
上述した爆破処理は、以下のような手順で行われる。すなわち、まず爆破によって発生する高温、高圧（例えば、３０００Ｋ、１０ＧＰａ）に耐え得る開閉式蓋の付いた爆破容器１を予め用意しておく。そして、この爆破容器１の内部に、処理対象物Ｔを設置する。また、この爆破処理を行うためには、爆薬が必要となる。この爆薬は、処理対象物Ｔの周りに巻き付けて取り付けられる。爆薬の衝撃力で処理対象物Ｔを破壊するためには、処理対象物Ｔに対して周囲から衝撃力を加えるのが効果的だからである。
Specifically, the object T to be treated contains valuables as an oxide or as a mixture with an organic matter, so that the valuables may not be able to be taken out as it is. On the other hand, in the blasting product P, valuables exist in a particle state, and it is easier to take out valuables than the processing target T.
The above-mentioned blast processing is performed in the following procedure. That is, first, a blast container 1 with an openable lid capable of withstanding high temperature and high pressure (for example, 3000 K, 10 GPa) generated by blast is prepared in advance. Then, the object T to be treated is set inside the blast container 1. In addition, explosives are required to perform this blasting treatment. This explosive is wound and attached around the processing object T. This is because, in order to destroy the processing object T with the impact force of the explosive, it is effective to apply an impact force to the processing object T from the surroundings.
上述した爆薬には、ＴＮＴ（トリニトロトルエン）のような高性能爆薬を用いるのが好ましい。また、これらの爆薬には、処理対象物Ｔとの混合を考えて、例えばニトロトルエン等の液体の爆薬を用いるのがよい。
上述した爆薬には、この爆薬を起爆させる導爆線と、導爆線を介して爆破容器１の外部から爆薬を点火する起爆装置と、を有している。
It is preferable to use a high-performance explosive such as TNT (trinitrotoluene) for the above-mentioned explosive. In addition, for these explosives, a liquid explosive such as nitrotoluene is preferably used in consideration of mixing with the processing object T.
The explosive described above has a detonating wire for detonating the explosive, and a detonating device for igniting the explosive from outside the blasting vessel 1 via the detonating wire.
さらに、処理対象物Ｔを爆破容器１内に設置するに当たっては、例えば処理対象物Ｔと爆薬とを複数に分け、それぞれを爆破容器１の内部に距離をあけて吊しても良い。
処理対象物Ｔを設置した後は、爆破容器１の扉を閉鎖状態とする。そして、爆破容器１内を真空に近い状態に減圧した後、処理対象物Ｔの周囲の爆薬を起爆装置を用いて爆破させる。これは有価物の酸化を防ぐ為であり、真空に近い状態にするのに替えて、不活性ガスを充填しても良い。不活性ガスを用いた場合にも、真空と同様に有価物を酸化させることなく回収可能な状態（爆破生成体Ｐ）に変化させることが可能となるからである。
Further, when the processing target T is installed in the blast container 1, for example, the processing target T and the explosive may be divided into a plurality of parts and each of them may be suspended inside the blast container 1 at a distance.
After the processing object T is installed, the door of the blast vessel 1 is closed. Then, after the inside of the blasting vessel 1 is decompressed to a state close to a vacuum, the explosive around the processing target T is blasted using a detonator. This is to prevent oxidation of valuables, and instead of bringing the state close to vacuum, an inert gas may be filled. This is because, even when an inert gas is used, valuables can be changed to a recoverable state (blast product P) without being oxidized as in the case of vacuum.
上述した爆破処理を行えば、爆破の衝撃力で処理対象物Ｔが破壊される。つまり、爆破時に発生する大きな熱エネルギーのため、爆破処理ではごく短時間に高温高圧の環境が処理対象物Ｔの周囲に発生し、この環境で処理対象物Ｔを破壊したり分子レベルで分解することが可能となる。
つまり、爆破処理による高温高圧は、化学結合を瞬時に切断し、有機物の分子結合を短時間で切断して有機物を二酸化炭素や水のようなガスにまで分解（ガス化）することができる。このようにして発生したガスは、そのままでは爆破容器１内に残留するため、ブロアなどを用いて容器外に排気される。
By performing the above-described blast processing, the processing target T is destroyed by the impact force of the blast. That is, due to the large thermal energy generated at the time of the blast, in the blasting process, a high-temperature and high-pressure environment is generated around the processing target T in a very short time, and the processing target T is destroyed or decomposed at the molecular level in this environment. It becomes possible.
In other words, high temperature and high pressure due to the blasting process can instantaneously break chemical bonds, break molecular bonds of organic substances in a short time, and decompose (gasify) organic substances into gases such as carbon dioxide and water. The gas generated in this way remains in the blast container 1 as it is, and is exhausted out of the container using a blower or the like.
また、上述した爆破処理を行えば、処理対象物Ｔ中に含まれる貴金属やレアメタルなどの有価物は、単体金属の粒子として回収される。というのも、爆発時の高温では有価物の金属は溶融せず、高温高圧により他の原子との結合が切れた単体状態で急冷されるため、単体金属ごとの有価物の粒子として容器内に残留し、有価物を効率的に回収することが可能となる。 In addition, if the above-mentioned blast treatment is performed, valuable resources such as noble metals and rare metals contained in the object T to be treated are collected as particles of a single metal. This is because the valuable metal does not melt at the high temperature at the time of the explosion, but is rapidly cooled in a single state in which bonds with other atoms have been broken by high temperature and high pressure. It remains and valuables can be efficiently collected.
一例を挙げれば、爆発の際に生じる高温は3000K程度と高融点金属の融点よりも高温である。しかし、この高温が継続される時間は極めて短時間であるため、Alのような低融点の金属でも爆発の高温高圧では溶融は起こりにくい。
そのため、貴金属やレアメタルなどの有価物を、有価物の金属粒子のような爆破生成体Ｐとして回収することができる。
For example, the high temperature generated during the explosion is about 3000K, which is higher than the melting point of high melting point metals. However, since the time at which this high temperature is continued is extremely short, even a low melting point metal such as Al is unlikely to melt at the high temperature and high pressure of the explosion.
Therefore, valuable resources such as precious metals and rare metals can be recovered as blast products P such as valuable metal particles.
例えば、コバルト酸リチウム（CoO-LiO2）を処理対象物Ｔとして用いれば、爆破生成体ＰとしてCoの粒子とLiの粒子との混合物が回収される。CoとLiは分子量が大きく違うため、後述する有価物回収処理で比重差などを用いて容易に分離回収することができる。
なお、処理対象物Ｔが、充電池のケース（カバー）のように多くのベースメタル、つまり有価物として回収する価値が低いメタルを含む場合、上述した爆破処理を行ってもベースメタルが破壊されるだけで、有価物を含む物質が依然として破片（デブリ）の状態で爆破容器１内に残留する場合がある。このような場合は、ベースメタルを除去した後、残留する破片を再び処理対象物Ｔとして２回目の爆破処理を行えばよい。このようにすれば残留する破片から、より有価物が多く含まれた爆破生成体Ｐを効果的に得ることができる。このような多段の爆破処理については、後述の第２実施形態で詳しく説明する。
For example, if lithium cobaltate (CoO—LiO 2 ) is used as the processing target T, a mixture of Co particles and Li particles is collected as the blast product P. Since Co and Li have significantly different molecular weights, they can be easily separated and recovered by using a difference in specific gravity or the like in a valuable resource recovery process described later.
When the object T includes many base metals, such as a case (cover) of a rechargeable battery, that is, metals having low value to be recovered as valuables, the base metal is destroyed even by performing the blasting described above. In some cases, the substance containing valuables may remain in the blast container 1 in the form of fragments (debris). In such a case, after removing the base metal, the remaining shards may be used again as the processing target T to perform the second blasting process. In this way, a blast product P containing more valuable resources can be effectively obtained from the remaining fragments. Such multi-stage blast processing will be described in detail in a second embodiment described later.
また、処理対象物Ｔが酸素との結合力が強い酸化物を含む場合、処理対象物Ｔから有価物を得るには還元剤などを鋭憾剤として加えることもできる。このような還元剤などの鋭憾剤を作用させて爆破処理を行えば、酸化物を還元して有価物がより効果的に回収可能な爆破生成体Ｐ（例えば、有価物が単体金属粒子状態となった爆破生成体Ｐ）を得ることができる。例えば、耐火物れんがのような非常に結合力の強いSiO2を含むものでも、還元剤を適切な量だけ加えて爆破を行えば、SiO2のSiを酸素から分離することが可能となる。 When the processing target T contains an oxide having a strong bonding force with oxygen, a reducing agent or the like can be added as a regret in order to obtain a valuable material from the processing target T. If the blasting treatment is performed with the use of a regret such as such a reducing agent, the blasting product P (for example, when the valuables are in the form of single metal particles, the oxides can be reduced and the valuables can be recovered more effectively) B) is obtained. For example, even those which contain very binding force strong SiO 2, such as refractory brick, by performing the blast added an appropriate amount of the reducing agent, it is possible to separate the Si of the SiO 2 from the oxygen.
ところで、上述した鋭憾剤には、還元剤として作用するものの他、爆発時の温度を更に高めて処理対象物Ｔの分解を促す液体オゾン、酸化窒素（液体）、硝酸等も用いられる。これらの鋭憾剤を爆薬と一緒に処理対象物Ｔに巻き付けるなどして爆破を行えば、液体オゾン、酸化窒素（液体）、硝酸等の作用で爆薬の威力を増加させ、より効果的に爆破生成体Ｐを得ることができる。 Incidentally, in addition to those acting as a reducing agent, liquid ozone, nitric oxide (liquid), nitric acid, and the like, which further increase the temperature at the time of explosion and promote the decomposition of the treatment target T, are used as the above-mentioned regret agent. If these regrets are blasted by wrapping them around the object T to be treated together with the explosives, the action of liquid ozone, nitric oxide (liquid), nitric acid, etc. will increase the power of the explosives and explode more effectively. The product P can be obtained.
上述した爆破処理によって爆破生成体Ｐが回収されたら、爆破生成体Ｐに対して有価物回収処理を行って有価物を回収する。
具体的には、この有価物回収処理には、乾式精錬法などの冶金学的処理（乾式冶金学的処理）、化学的処理（湿式冶金学的処理）、磁気的処理などを用いることができる。
冶金学的処理（乾式冶金学的処理）は、高温加熱し金属を溶解させて行う精錬処理であり、水溶液中で行われる湿式精錬以外の精錬法を示している。
When the blasting product P is recovered by the blasting process described above, the blasting product P is subjected to a valuable resource recovery process to recover valuable resources.
Specifically, in the valuable resource recovery processing, metallurgical processing such as dry refining (dry metallurgical processing), chemical processing (hydrometallurgical processing), magnetic processing, and the like can be used. .
The metallurgical treatment (dry metallurgical treatment) is a refining process performed by heating a metal at a high temperature to dissolve the metal, and indicates a refining method other than the wet refining performed in an aqueous solution.
また、化学的処理（湿式冶金学的処理）は、酸・アルカリ、溶媒などに金属を溶出させて行う精錬である。この化学的処理（湿式冶金学的処理）には、沈殿法、晶析法、溶媒抽出法、イオン交換樹脂法などを挙げることができる。
さらに、有価物回収処理には、磁気を用いて磁性体と非磁性体とを分離する磁気的処理、有価物の分子重量差（比重差）で分離を行う遠心分離法などを用いても良い。
［第２実施形態］
次に、本発明のリサイクル方法の第２実施形態については述べる。
Further, the chemical treatment (hydrometallurgical treatment) is a refining performed by eluting a metal into an acid, an alkali, a solvent, or the like. Examples of the chemical treatment (hydrometallurgical treatment) include a precipitation method, a crystallization method, a solvent extraction method, and an ion exchange resin method.
Further, in the valuable resource recovery treatment, a magnetic treatment for separating a magnetic substance from a non-magnetic substance using magnetism, a centrifugal separation method for separating a valuable substance with a molecular weight difference (specific gravity difference), or the like may be used. .
[Second embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the recycling method of the present invention will be described.
図２に示す如く、第２実施形態のリサイクル方法は、３つの工程に分かれている。
具体的には、第２実施形態のリサイクル方法は、第１実施形態で述べた爆破処理が、第１爆破処理と、第２爆破処理との２回に分かれており、２回の爆破処理の後に有価物回収処理が行われるものとなっている。
なお、第２実施形態では、処理対象物Ｔの爆破は２回以上の複数回であれば何回でも良いが、処理を複雑化させないために好ましくは２回の爆破を行うようにするのが良い。すなわち、本実施形態では、処理対象物Ｔを爆破する第１爆破工程に続いて、第２爆破工程、有価物回収処理が行われる。
As shown in FIG. 2, the recycling method according to the second embodiment is divided into three steps.
Specifically, in the recycling method of the second embodiment, the blasting described in the first embodiment is divided into two, a first blasting and a second blasting. The valuables collection process is performed later.
In the second embodiment, the processing target T is blasted any number of times as long as it is two or more times, but it is preferable that the blasting be performed twice in order not to complicate the processing. good. That is, in the present embodiment, the second blasting step and the valuable resource recovery processing are performed after the first blasting step of blasting the processing object T.
第１爆破工程は、処理対象物Ｔに内在される有機物（可燃物）を爆破で発生する高温により分解し、二酸化炭素や窒素酸化物などのガスや水蒸気として除去する工程である。この時、有機物を含む部分はガスとなるが、有価物を含む物質は第１爆破工程の爆破生成体Ｐとしてデブリあるいは有価物の粒子の状態で爆破容器１の内部に残留する。
図２中の（ＩＩ）に示すように、第１爆破工程後に行う第２爆破工程は、第１爆破工程で残留した有価物を含む破片（デブリ）を対象として、デブリを爆破する工程となっている。このような複数回の爆破を行うことで、本実施形態の有価物の回収方法は、処理対象物Ｔから有価物を取り出しやすい爆破生成体Ｐを得るものとなっている。
The first blasting step is a step of decomposing an organic substance (combustible substance) contained in the processing target T by a high temperature generated by the blasting and removing it as a gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen oxide or water vapor. At this time, the portion containing the organic matter becomes gas, but the material containing the valuable material remains in the blast container 1 in the form of debris or valuable particles as the blast product P in the first blasting step.
As shown in (II) in FIG. 2, the second blasting step performed after the first blasting step is a step of blasting debris from debris containing valuables remaining in the first blasting step. ing. By performing such a plurality of blasts, the method for recovering valuable resources according to the present embodiment obtains a blast product P in which valuable resources can be easily taken out from the processing target T.
例えば、第１爆破工程においては、処理対象物Ｔを爆破容器１の外部に設置している起爆装置（図示せず）で爆破することにより、処理対象物Ｔは破壊され、処理対象物Ｔを構成する可燃物は燃焼しガス化し、有機物は分解・ガス化し有害なものは無害化されることとなる。第１爆破工程後、爆破容器１内に発生・残留したガスは、排気弁より容器外に排気し、その後、爆破容器１を開ける。 処理対象物Ｔが多くのベースメタルを含み、そのまま残留する場合は、ベースメタル部を取り除き、その他の有価物を含む残留破片（デブリＤ）を再度、爆破処理を行う（第２爆破工程）。 For example, in the first blasting step, the processing target T is destroyed by blasting the processing target T with a detonator (not shown) installed outside the blasting vessel 1, and the processing target T is destroyed. The constituent combustibles are burned and gasified, and the organic substances are decomposed and gasified, and harmful substances are rendered harmless. After the first blasting step, the gas generated and remaining in the blasting vessel 1 is exhausted out of the vessel through an exhaust valve, and then the blasting vessel 1 is opened. When the processing target T contains many base metals and remains as it is, the base metal part is removed, and the remaining debris (debris D) containing other valuable resources is subjected to the blasting process again (second blasting step).
この第２爆破工程により、爆破容器１内に残留するデブリＤとなっている処理対象物Ｔも確実に爆破生成体Ｐとなる。
なお、爆破処理前に、処理対象物Ｔのケース部など、有価物を含まない構造物を事前に除去することにより、爆破は少ない爆薬でより効果的に行われる。 爆破時、含まれていた有価物は爆破時の高温・高圧により粒子状になり、容器内に留まる。粒子はそれぞれの金属単体の粒子であり、金属化合物ではない。
By the second blasting step, the processing target T, which is the debris D remaining in the blasting vessel 1, is also reliably turned into the blasting product P.
In addition, before the blasting process, by removing in advance the structures that do not contain valuables, such as the case portion of the processing object T, the blasting is performed more effectively with a small amount of explosive. At the time of the blast, the valuables contained therein become particulate due to the high temperature and high pressure at the time of the blast, and remain in the container. The particles are particles of each metal alone, not a metal compound.
ここで、爆破容器１は、第１実施形態と同じものを採用することが好ましい。
また、上記の説明では、処理対象物Ｔの周りに火薬を巻きつける例を説明したが、実際の運用では、火薬類取締法に該当しない火薬を採用することで、より簡便に第１の工程（第１爆破工程後、第２爆破工程）を実現することが可能となる。
次に、爆破容器１内の圧力、熱を外部に開放し、爆破容器１内を常温、常圧とする。その後、爆破容器１内部から、爆破生成体Ｐとなった処理対象物Ｔを取り出すようにする。
Here, it is preferable to employ the same blast container 1 as in the first embodiment.
Further, in the above description, the example in which the explosive is wound around the processing target T is described. However, in the actual operation, the explosive that does not fall under the Explosives Control Law is adopted, so that the first step can be more easily performed. (After the first blasting step, the second blasting step) can be realized.
Next, the pressure and heat in the blast container 1 are released to the outside, and the inside of the blast container 1 is set to normal temperature and normal pressure. Thereafter, the processing target T that has become the blasting product P is taken out of the blasting container 1.
その後、図２の第３の工程（図２中の（ＩＩＩ））として示すように、当業者常法の手法（冶金学的処理、化学的処理、磁気的処理など）により、爆破生成体Ｐから、上述した有価物回収処理を行って有価物を個別に分離して回収するようにする。
以上まとめれば、処理対象物Ｔを爆破容器１内で爆破処理を施すことにより、処理対象物Ｔを爆破生成体Ｐとし、得られたで爆破生成体Ｐに対して、所定の有価物回収処理を施すことにより、爆破生成体Ｐより有価物を個別に分離して回収するものであって、爆破処理が、第１爆破工程と、この第１爆破工程に続く第２爆破工程とからなる手法を用いることで、如何なる対象物であってもより効果的に且つ確実に貴金属やレアメタルなどの有価物を回収することが可能となる。
Thereafter, as shown as a third step in FIG. 2 ((III) in FIG. 2), the blasting product P is formed by a method common to those skilled in the art (metallurgical treatment, chemical treatment, magnetic treatment, etc.). Then, the valuable resources are collected by separating the valuable resources individually by performing the above-mentioned valuable resource recovery processing.
In summary, by subjecting the processing target T to a blasting treatment in the blasting vessel 1, the processing target T is used as a blast product P, and the obtained blasting product P is subjected to a predetermined valuable resource recovery process. Is carried out to separate and collect valuables from the blasting product P, wherein the blasting process comprises a first blasting process and a second blasting process following the first blasting process. By using, it is possible to more effectively and surely recover valuable resources such as noble metals and rare metals, regardless of the target object.
なお、今回開示された実施形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。特に、今回開示された実施形態において、明示されていない事項、例えば、作動条件や操作条件、構成物の寸法、重量などは、当業者が通常実施する範囲を逸脱するものではなく、通常の当業者であれば、容易に想定することが可能な事項を採用している。 It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed this time are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. In particular, in the embodiments disclosed herein, matters not specified, such as operating conditions and operating conditions, dimensions and weights of components, do not deviate from the range normally performed by those skilled in the art. A company adopts items that can be easily assumed.
１ 爆破容器
Ｄ デブリ
Ｐ 爆破生成体
Ｔ 処理対象物
1 Blast container D Debris P Blast generator T Object to be treated
Claims (8)
前記処理対象物に対して爆破容器内で爆破処理を施すことにより、前記処理対象物を爆破生成体とし、得られた爆破生成体に対して所定の処理を施すことにより、前記爆破生成体から有価物を回収するに際し、
前記処理対象物を爆破することにより有価物を個別に分離回収することを特徴とする処理対象物からの有価物の回収方法。 In the collection method for collecting valuables from the processing target,
By subjecting the object to be treated to blasting in a blast container, the object to be treated is made into a blast product, and by performing a predetermined process on the obtained blast product, the blast product When collecting valuables,
A method of recovering valuable resources from a processing object, wherein valuable resources are individually separated and collected by blasting the processing object.
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| JPS5278032A (en) * | 1975-12-24 | 1977-07-01 | Suwa Seikosha Kk | Method of recovering silver in silver battery |
| JPS52136830A (en) * | 1976-05-11 | 1977-11-15 | Seiko Epson Corp | Recovery of metal and metal oxide |
| JP2000515414A (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2000-11-21 | オブシェストヴォ・ス・オグラニチェンノイ・オトゥヴェストヴェンノストジュ・“エクスプロテック” | Method and apparatus for crushing worn tire case |
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