JP2020001938A - Production method of glass tube, processing apparatus of end face of glass tube, and glass tube - Google Patents
Production method of glass tube, processing apparatus of end face of glass tube, and glass tube Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、ガラス管の端面を加工する際に用いられるガラス管製造方法、ガラス管端面加工装置及びガラス管に関する。 The present invention relates to a glass tube manufacturing method, a glass tube end surface processing apparatus, and a glass tube used when processing an end surface of a glass tube.
従来、ガラス管の端面をレーザ等で加熱軟化させる処理（グレージング処理）により、ガラス管の端面を丸めるガラス管製造方法が周知である（特許文献１等参照）。これは、ガラス管の端面に、角部や微小なクラックが存在すると、搬送時等にガラス管の端部が欠けたり割れたりする可能性が生じるからである。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a glass tube manufacturing method for rounding an end surface of a glass tube by a process (glazing process) of heating and softening the end surface of the glass tube with a laser or the like is known (see Patent Document 1 and the like). This is because if corners or minute cracks are present on the end face of the glass tube, the end of the glass tube may be chipped or broken during transportation or the like.
ところで、この種のグレージング加工において本加熱のレーザ加工のみでは、ガラス管の端面が急加熱及び急冷されてしまう。よって、加工後のガラス管に大きな残留応力が残り、破断リスクが高いという問題があった。 By the way, in this kind of glazing, only the main heating laser processing causes rapid heating and rapid cooling of the end face of the glass tube. Therefore, there is a problem that a large residual stress remains in the glass tube after processing, and the risk of breakage is high.
本発明の目的は、グレージング加工においてガラス管の残留応力を低減可能にしたガラス管製造方法、ガラス管端面加工装置及びガラス管を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a glass tube manufacturing method, a glass tube end face processing apparatus, and a glass tube that can reduce the residual stress of the glass tube during glazing.
前記問題点を解決するガラス管製造方法は、ガラス管の端面をグレージング加工する方法であって、前記ガラス管の端面を予熱源によって予熱する予熱工程と、前記予熱工程後の前記ガラス管の端面を本加熱源によって本加熱する本加熱工程とを備えた。 A glass tube manufacturing method that solves the above problem is a method of glazing an end surface of a glass tube, wherein a preheating step of preheating an end surface of the glass tube by a preheating source, and an end surface of the glass tube after the preheating step. And a main heating step of main heating with a main heating source.
本構成によれば、ガラス管の端面のグレージング加工において、まずガラス管の端面を予熱し、その後、ガラス管の端面を本加熱する。このため、本加熱の前に、ある程度、ガラス管の端面を加熱しておくことが可能となるので、本加熱に必要な温度を低く抑えることが可能となる。これにより、加工後の冷却の温度勾配が緩やかになるので、その分、ガラス管に生じる残留応力を低く抑えることが可能となる。よって、ガラス管の破断リスクを軽減することが可能となる。 According to this configuration, in the glazing of the end face of the glass tube, the end face of the glass tube is first preheated, and then the end face of the glass tube is fully heated. For this reason, it is possible to heat the end face of the glass tube to some extent before the main heating, so that the temperature required for the main heating can be kept low. As a result, the temperature gradient of cooling after processing becomes gentle, and accordingly, the residual stress generated in the glass tube can be reduced. Therefore, the risk of breaking the glass tube can be reduced.
前記ガラス管製造方法において、前記予熱源は、レーザ式であって、ガウシアン分布のビームを照射することによって前記ガラス管の端面を予熱し、前記本加熱源は、レーザ式であって、ラインビームを照射することによって前記ガラス管の端面を本加熱することが好ましい。この構成によれば、予熱源の予熱範囲を広くとることが可能となるので、ガラス管の端面をより確実に予熱することが可能となる。また、本加熱時、必要とする高温の熱でガラス管の端面を加熱することが可能となる。 In the glass tube manufacturing method, the preheating source is a laser type, preheats the end face of the glass tube by irradiating a beam of Gaussian distribution, the main heating source is a laser type, a line beam It is preferable that the end face of the glass tube is fully heated by irradiating the glass tube. According to this configuration, the preheating range of the preheating source can be widened, so that the end face of the glass tube can be more reliably preheated. Further, at the time of main heating, it becomes possible to heat the end face of the glass tube with necessary high-temperature heat.
前記ガラス管製造方法において、前記予熱工程では、複数の前記ガラス管を同時に予熱することが好ましい。この構成によれば、ガラス管の予熱を効率よく行うことが可能となる。 In the glass tube manufacturing method, it is preferable that, in the preheating step, a plurality of the glass tubes are simultaneously heated. According to this configuration, it is possible to efficiently preheat the glass tube.
前記ガラス管製造方法において、搬送方向に整列して並ぶ複数の前記ガラス管を搬送し、その搬送過程で前記予熱及び本加熱を実行することが好ましい。この構成によれば、所定の速度で搬送しながらガラス管に予熱及び本加熱を行うので、予熱や本加熱を効率よく行うことが可能となる。 In the glass tube manufacturing method, it is preferable that a plurality of the glass tubes arranged in a line in the carrying direction are carried, and the preheating and the main heating are performed in the carrying process. According to this configuration, preheating and main heating are performed on the glass tube while being conveyed at a predetermined speed, so that preheating and main heating can be performed efficiently.
前記ガラス管製造方法において、前記予熱工程では、前記予熱源を前記ガラス管の搬送方向に対して斜めに配置して、前記ガラス管の端面を斜めから加熱して前記予熱を実行することが好ましい。この構成によれば、１つの光源の光を分岐させて複数の予熱源に至らせ、これら予熱源からレーザを照射する場合、これら予熱源を斜めに配置することで、１つの光源と複数の予熱源との間の最適な向きを設定することが可能となる。このようにして複数の予熱源の間で光源を共通化することが可能となるので、装置コストの抑制に有利となる。 In the glass tube manufacturing method, in the preheating step, it is preferable that the preheating is performed by arranging the preheating source obliquely with respect to a transport direction of the glass tube and heating an end surface of the glass tube obliquely. . According to this configuration, when the light of one light source is branched to reach a plurality of preheating sources and the laser is irradiated from these preheating sources, by arranging these preheating sources diagonally, one light source and a plurality of preheating sources are arranged. It is possible to set an optimal orientation with respect to the preheating source. In this way, it is possible to use a common light source among a plurality of preheating sources, which is advantageous for reducing the cost of the apparatus.
前記ガラス管製造方法において、前記予熱源及び前記本加熱源は、各々が照射する熱線の照射範囲が互いに重なるように配置されていることが好ましい。この構成によれば、ガラス管の端面を予熱からスムーズに本加熱に移行させることが可能となるので、ガラス管の端面のグレージングを最適に行うのに有利となる。 In the glass tube manufacturing method, it is preferable that the preheating source and the main heating source are arranged such that irradiation ranges of heat rays to be irradiated overlap each other. According to this configuration, it is possible to smoothly shift the end face of the glass tube from the preheating to the main heating, which is advantageous for optimally performing the glazing of the end face of the glass tube.
前記ガラス管製造方法において、前記ガラス管の一方の端面、及び前記ガラス管の他方の端面の各々に対して、前記予熱工程及び前記本加熱工程が順に実施されることが好ましい。この構成によれば、ガラス管の両方の端面をグレージング加工することが可能となる。 In the glass tube manufacturing method, it is preferable that the preheating step and the main heating step are sequentially performed on one end surface of the glass tube and the other end surface of the glass tube. According to this configuration, it is possible to perform glazing on both end surfaces of the glass tube.
前記ガラス管製造方法において、前記予熱工程において、出力ワット数が２０〜３０Ｗのレーザを、０．５〜１秒照射することで予熱を実行することが好ましい。この構成によれば、予熱レーザの出力ワット数と予熱時間とを最適化することが可能となる。 In the glass tube manufacturing method, it is preferable that in the preheating step, preheating is performed by irradiating a laser having an output wattage of 20 to 30 W for 0.5 to 1 second. According to this configuration, it is possible to optimize the output wattage and the preheating time of the preheating laser.
前記ガラス管製造方法において、レーザのラインビームにより実施される前記本加熱工程では、ラインビームのビーム幅をＴ、前記ガラス管の搬送方向Ａに対するビーム軌跡の傾斜角をθとして、前記ガラス管の外径をＲとした場合、次式（１）：Ｔ×ｓｉｎθ≧Ｒで表される関係を満たすように本加熱を実行することが好ましい。この構成によれば、最適な条件下で本加熱を実施することが可能となる。 In the glass tube manufacturing method, in the main heating step performed by a laser line beam, the beam width of the line beam is T, and the inclination angle of the beam trajectory with respect to the transport direction A of the glass tube is θ, and When the outer diameter is R, it is preferable to perform the main heating so as to satisfy a relationship represented by the following formula (1): T × sin θ ≧ R. According to this configuration, it is possible to perform main heating under optimal conditions.
前記問題点を解決するガラス管端面加工装置は、ガラス管の端面をグレージング加工する構成であって、前記ガラス管の端面を予熱する予熱源と、予熱後の前記ガラス管の端面を本加熱する本加熱源とを備えた。 A glass tube end face processing apparatus that solves the above problem is configured to perform a glazing process on an end face of a glass tube, and a preheating source that preheats the end face of the glass tube, and fully heats an end face of the glass tube after preheating. This heating source was provided.
前記問題点を解決するガラス管は、端面がグレーズ面からなる構成であって、前記端面から軸方向の０．５〜１ｍｍの位置において残留応力が最大となり、当該残留応力の最大値が２〜７ＭＰａである。 The glass tube that solves the above problem has a configuration in which the end surface is formed of a glaze surface, and the residual stress is maximum at a position of 0.5 to 1 mm in the axial direction from the end surface, and the maximum value of the residual stress is 2 to 2. 7 MPa.
本発明によれば、グレージング加工においてガラス管の残留応力を低減することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the residual stress of a glass tube can be reduced in a glazing process.
以下、ガラス管製造方法、ガラス管端面加工装置及びガラス管の一実施形態を図１〜図６に従って説明する。
図１及び図２に示すように、ガラス管端面加工装置１は、ガラス管２の端面３をグレージング加工（口焼き）して、端面３に発生している角を取るものである。ガラス管２は、短尺ガラス管であって、例えばリードスイッチ等に使用される。ここで、ガラス管２の外径を「Ｒ」とし、肉厚を「Ｗ」とし、全長を「Ｌ」とする。本例のガラス管２は、外径Ｒが１．５〜２．５ｍｍの値に設定され、肉厚Ｗが０．１５〜０．３ｍｍの値に設定され、全長Ｌが７〜２５ｍｍの値に設定されている。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a glass tube manufacturing method, a glass tube end face processing apparatus, and a glass tube will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a glass tube end face processing apparatus 1 performs glazing (burning) on an end face 3 of a glass tube 2 and removes a corner generated on the end face 3. The glass tube 2 is a short glass tube, and is used for, for example, a reed switch or the like. Here, the outer diameter of the glass tube 2 is “R”, the thickness is “W”, and the entire length is “L”. The glass tube 2 of this example has an outer diameter R set to a value of 1.5 to 2.5 mm, a wall thickness W set to a value of 0.15 to 0.3 mm, and a total length L set to a value of 7 to 25 mm. Is set to
ガラス管端面加工装置１は、グレージング加工の加工対象となるガラス管２を搬送する搬送部４と、ガラス管２の端面３を予熱する予熱源５と、予熱後のガラス管２の端面３を本加熱する本加熱源６とを備える。本例のガラス管端面加工装置１は、ガラス管２の両方の端面３（第１端面３ａ及び第２端面３ｂ）のグレージング加工を実行する。 The glass tube end face processing apparatus 1 includes a conveying unit 4 that conveys a glass tube 2 to be processed by glazing, a preheating source 5 that preheats an end face 3 of the glass tube 2, and an end face 3 of the glass tube 2 after preheating. A main heating source 6 for performing main heating. The glass tube end face processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment performs glazing on both end faces 3 (first end face 3a and second end face 3b) of the glass tube 2.
搬送部４は、ガラス管２を予熱及び本加熱するために複数のガラス管２を搬送可能な搬送ブロック７を備える。本例の搬送部４は、複数のガラス管２を一定速度で搬送する。搬送ブロック７の上面には、搬送方向（図１の矢印Ａ方向）に沿って等間隔に並ぶ複数の凹状の載置部８が設けられ、この載置部８にガラス管２が配置される。搬送ブロック７は、例えば黒アルマイトによって形成されている。 The transport unit 4 includes a transport block 7 capable of transporting a plurality of glass tubes 2 for preheating and main heating the glass tubes 2. The transport unit 4 of the present example transports the plurality of glass tubes 2 at a constant speed. On the upper surface of the transport block 7, a plurality of concave mounting portions 8 arranged at equal intervals along the transport direction (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1) are provided, and the glass tube 2 is disposed on the mounting portion 8. . The transport block 7 is formed of, for example, black alumite.
予熱源５は、ガラス管２の予熱用に設けられた熱源であり、レーザＬＡ１（予熱レーザ）を照射することによってガラス管２の端面３を予熱する。予熱源５は、例えばＣＯ２レーザが使用されている。予熱源５は、ガウシアン分布をとる予熱ビームによってガラス管２の端面３を予熱する。本例の予熱では、出力ワット数が「２０〜３０Ｗ」のレーザＬＡ１を、「０．５〜１秒」照射する。予熱源５は、ガラス管２の搬送方向Ａに対して平面視で斜めに配置されることにより、ガラス管２の端面３に斜めからレーザＬＡ１を照射して予熱を実行する。複数の予熱源５（第１予熱源５ａ，第２予熱源５ｂ）は、共通する光源（図示略）から分岐された光を各々に出力する構成をとるとともに、予熱源５を斜めに配置することにより、複数の第１予熱源５ａ及び第２予熱源５ｂを高い自由度でレイアウト可能である。 The preheating source 5 is a heat source provided for preheating the glass tube 2 and preheats the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 by irradiating a laser LA1 (preheating laser). As the preheating source 5, for example, a CO 2 laser is used. The preheating source 5 preheats the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 by a preheating beam having a Gaussian distribution. In the preheating of this example, the laser LA1 having an output wattage of “20 to 30 W” is irradiated for “0.5 to 1 second”. The preheating source 5 is disposed obliquely with respect to the transport direction A of the glass tube 2 in a plan view, so that the end surface 3 of the glass tube 2 is irradiated with the laser LA1 obliquely to perform preheating. The plurality of preheating sources 5 (the first preheating source 5a and the second preheating source 5b) have a configuration in which light branched from a common light source (not shown) is output to each, and the preheating sources 5 are arranged obliquely. Thus, the first preheating sources 5a and the second preheating sources 5b can be laid out with a high degree of freedom.
本加熱源６は、予熱後のガラス管２の本加熱用に設けられた熱源であり、レーザＬＡ２（本加熱レーザ）を照射することによってガラス管２の端面３を本加熱する。本加熱源６は、ラインビームによってガラス管２の端面３を本加熱する。本例の本加熱は、出力ワット数が「３０〜４５Ｗ」のレーザＬＡ２を、「０．１〜０．３秒」照射する。本加熱源６は、ガラス管２の搬送方向Ａに対して直交又はその近傍角に配置されることにより、ガラス管２の端面３に対して略垂直にレーザＬＡ２を照射して本加熱を実行する。 The main heating source 6 is a heat source provided for main heating of the glass tube 2 after preheating, and main-heats the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 by irradiating a laser LA2 (main heating laser). The main heating source 6 performs main heating of the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 by a line beam. In the main heating of this example, the laser LA2 having an output wattage of “30 to 45 W” is irradiated for “0.1 to 0.3 seconds”. The main heating source 6 is arranged at a right angle to or near the conveying direction A of the glass tube 2, and irradiates the laser LA 2 substantially perpendicularly to the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 to execute the main heating. I do.
予熱源５及び本加熱源６の組は、ガラス管２の両方の端面３（一方の第１端面３ａと他方の第２端面３ｂ）の各々に対応して複数組設けられている。第１予熱源５ａ及び第１本加熱源６ａの組（ガラス管２の第１端面３ａ側の組）は、搬送方向Ａの上流側に配置され、第２予熱源５ｂ及び第２本加熱源６ｂの組（ガラス管２の第２端面３ｂ側の組）は、搬送方向Ａの下流側に配置されている。これにより、予熱及び本加熱は、ガラス管２の一方の第１端面３ａへの処理と、ガラス管２の他方の第２端面３ｂへの処理とが、各々順に実施される。 A plurality of sets of the preheating source 5 and the main heating source 6 are provided corresponding to each of both end faces 3 (one first end face 3a and the other second end face 3b) of the glass tube 2. The pair of the first preheating source 5a and the first main heating source 6a (the pair on the first end face 3a side of the glass tube 2) is disposed on the upstream side in the transport direction A, and the second preheating source 5b and the second main heating source The set 6b (the set on the second end face 3b side of the glass tube 2) is arranged on the downstream side in the transport direction A. Thus, the preheating and the main heating are performed on the first end face 3a of the glass tube 2 and on the other second end face 3b of the glass tube 2 in order.
図３に示すように、予熱源５のレーザＬＡ１の照射範囲Ｅａは、複数のガラス管２に当たる範囲に設定されている。このように、予熱源５のレーザＬＡ１の照射範囲Ｅａは、ガラス管２の端面３の面積よりも十分に大きい面積となるように設定されている。よって、予熱源５は、複数のガラス管２について端面３を同時に予熱する。予熱源５のレーザＬＡ１の照射範囲Ｅａと、本加熱源６のレーザＬＡ２の照射範囲Ｅｂとが重なるように配置されている。すなわち、予熱源５及び本加熱源６は、各々が照射する熱線の照射範囲が互いに重なるように配置されている。本例の場合、予熱源５の照射範囲Ｅａの一部と、本加熱源６の照射範囲Ｅｂの一部とが、ラップするように設定されている。 As shown in FIG. 3, the irradiation range Ea of the laser LA1 of the preheating source 5 is set to a range corresponding to the plurality of glass tubes 2. Thus, the irradiation range Ea of the laser LA1 of the preheating source 5 is set to be an area sufficiently larger than the area of the end face 3 of the glass tube 2. Therefore, the preheating source 5 preheats the end faces 3 of the plurality of glass tubes 2 at the same time. The irradiation range Ea of the laser LA1 of the preheating source 5 and the irradiation range Eb of the laser LA2 of the main heating source 6 are arranged to overlap. That is, the preheating source 5 and the main heating source 6 are arranged so that the irradiation ranges of the heat rays to be irradiated overlap each other. In the case of this example, a part of the irradiation range Ea of the preheating source 5 and a part of the irradiation range Eb of the main heating source 6 are set to overlap.
続いて、図３を用いて、ガラス管２の端面３のグレージング処理の手順について説明する。
図３（ａ）に示すように、一定速度で搬送方向Ａに作動する搬送部４にガラス管２を配置していき、ガラス管２を一定速度で搬送する。搬送部４に複数のガラス管２が搭載される場合、これらガラス管２は搬送方向Ａにおいて均等に配置される。
Subsequently, a procedure of the glazing process of the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3 (a), the glass tube 2 is arranged on the transfer section 4 which operates in the transfer direction A at a constant speed, and the glass tube 2 is transferred at a constant speed. When a plurality of glass tubes 2 are mounted on the transport unit 4, the glass tubes 2 are evenly arranged in the transport direction A.
図３（ｂ）に示すように、ガラス管２の一方の第１端面３ａが第１予熱源５ａのレーザＬＡ１の照射範囲Ｅａに進入すると、ガラス管２の第１端面３ａの予熱が開始される（予熱工程）。このとき、第１予熱源５ａのレーザＬＡ１、すなわちＣＯ２レーザによって、ガラス管２の第１端面３ａが予熱される。本例の場合、第１予熱源５ａのレーザＬＡ１の出力強度は照射面方向に沿ってガウシアン分布をとるので、照射範囲Ｅａの外から中央に近づくに従って、徐々に温度が上げられながら第１端面３ａが加熱される。また、第１予熱源５ａのレーザＬＡ１の照射範囲Ｅａはガラス管２の第１端面３ａの面積より十分に大きな範囲に形成されているので、複数のガラス管２の第１端面３ａが同時に予熱される。 As shown in FIG. 3B, when one first end face 3a of the glass tube 2 enters the irradiation range Ea of the laser LA1 of the first preheating source 5a, the preheating of the first end face 3a of the glass tube 2 is started. (Preheating step). At this time, the laser LA1 of the first preheating source 5a, i.e. the CO 2 laser, the first end surface 3a of the glass tube 2 is preheated. In the case of this example, since the output intensity of the laser LA1 of the first preheating source 5a has a Gaussian distribution along the irradiation surface direction, the temperature is gradually increased as the temperature approaches the center from outside the irradiation range Ea. 3a is heated. Further, since the irradiation range Ea of the laser LA1 of the first preheating source 5a is formed in a range sufficiently larger than the area of the first end face 3a of the glass tube 2, the first end faces 3a of the plurality of glass tubes 2 are simultaneously preheated. Is done.
図３（ｃ）→図３（ｄ）に示すように、ガラス管２の第１端面３ａが第１本加熱源６ａのレーザＬＡ２の照射範囲Ｅｂに至ると、ガラス管２の第１端面３ａの本加熱が開始される（本加熱工程）。本例の場合、第１本加熱源６ａのレーザＬＡ２は、ガラス管２の搬送方向Ａに対してビーム軌跡が交差するラインビームとなっている。また、ラインビームのビーム幅をＴとし、搬送方向Ａに対するビーム軌跡の傾斜角をθとして、ガラス管２の外径をＲとした場合、次式（１）を満たす。
Ｔ×ｓｉｎθ≧Ｒ … （１）
このため、ラインビームで加熱を行う場合であっても、ガラス管２の第１端面３ａの全域を一様に加熱することが可能となる。
As shown in FIG. 3 (c) → FIG. 3 (d), when the first end face 3a of the glass tube 2 reaches the irradiation range Eb of the laser LA2 of the first main heating source 6a, the first end face 3a of the glass tube 2 Is started (main heating step). In the case of this example, the laser LA2 of the first main heating source 6a is a line beam whose beam trajectory intersects the transport direction A of the glass tube 2. When the beam width of the line beam is T, the inclination angle of the beam trajectory with respect to the transport direction A is θ, and the outer diameter of the glass tube 2 is R, the following expression (1) is satisfied.
T × sin θ ≧ R (1)
Therefore, even when the heating is performed by the line beam, the entire area of the first end face 3a of the glass tube 2 can be uniformly heated.
続いて、ガラス管２が第２予熱源５ｂ及び第２本加熱源６ｂに至ると、ガラス管２の反対側の第２端面３ｂも第１端面３ａ側と同様に、第２予熱源５ｂ及び第２本加熱源６ｂによってグレージング加工される。ガラス管２の両方の端面３がレーザによって加熱溶融され、冷却されると、端面３がグレーズ面（火造り面）９となって、グレージング加工が完了する。 Subsequently, when the glass tube 2 reaches the second preheating source 5b and the second main heating source 6b, the second end surface 3b on the opposite side of the glass tube 2 is also the same as the first end surface 3a side. The glazing is performed by the second main heating source 6b. When both end surfaces 3 of the glass tube 2 are heated and melted by the laser and cooled, the end surfaces 3 become the glaze surface (fire surface) 9 and the glazing process is completed.
次に、図４〜図６を用いて、本実施形態のガラス管製造方法（ガラス管２）の作用及び効果について説明する。
図４に、ガラス管端面グレージング加工において、予熱あり及び予熱なしの各々の場合の温度変化を図示する。同図に示すように、「予熱なし」の場合、本加熱開始から急激に温度が上昇し、加熱の最高温度が高くなってしまう。一方、「予熱あり」の場合、予熱によって徐々に温度が上げられていくので、最高温度は、「予熱なし」の場合に比較して低く済む。
Next, the operation and effect of the glass tube manufacturing method (glass tube 2) of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 4 illustrates temperature changes in the case of preheating and without preheating in the glass tube end surface glazing process. As shown in the figure, in the case of "no preheating", the temperature rises sharply from the start of the main heating, and the maximum temperature of the heating increases. On the other hand, in the case of "with preheating", the temperature is gradually increased by the preheating, so that the maximum temperature can be lower than in the case of "without preheating".
ところで、ガラス管２の破断に関係する指標には、グレージング加工後にガラス管２に残る「残留応力」がある。この残留応力は、一般的に７ＭＰａを超えると、破断リスクが高まると言われている。よって、ガラス管２の残留応力を７Ｍａ以下に抑えたいニーズがある。 Incidentally, an index relating to the breakage of the glass tube 2 includes “residual stress” remaining in the glass tube 2 after glazing. It is generally said that when the residual stress exceeds 7 MPa, the risk of breakage increases. Therefore, there is a need to suppress the residual stress of the glass tube 2 to 7 Ma or less.
残留応力は、グレージング加工の冷却時の温度下降の傾き、具体的には温度が徐冷点から歪点に至るときの温度勾配Δｔに関係する。そして、温度勾配Δｔが急激、すなわち冷却が急冷であれば、残留応力が大きくなり、温度勾配Δｔが緩やかであれば、残留応力が小さくなる。本例のように、グレージング加工において予熱工程がある場合、温度勾配Δｔ（予熱有り：Δｔａ、予熱無し：Δｔｂ）が緩やかになることが分かった。このことからも、残留応力が小さく済むと想定できる。 The residual stress is related to the slope of the temperature drop during cooling of the glazing process, specifically, the temperature gradient Δt when the temperature goes from the annealing point to the strain point. If the temperature gradient Δt is sharp, that is, if the cooling is rapid cooling, the residual stress increases, and if the temperature gradient Δt is gentle, the residual stress decreases. As in this example, when the preheating step is performed in the glazing process, it was found that the temperature gradient Δt (Δta with preheating, Δtb without preheating) becomes gentle. From this, it can be assumed that the residual stress can be reduced.
また、予熱なしで本加熱源６のみでグレージング加工を行う場合、レーザ出力は４５〜６０［Ｗ］が必要であり、この場合、残留応力は９〜１１［ＭＰａ］の値をとることが実測された。一方、予熱あり（予熱のレーザ出力：２０〜３０［Ｗ］）でグレージング加工を行った場合、本加熱のレーザ出力が３０〜４５［Ｗ］で済み、かつ残留応力も２〜７［ＭＰａ］に抑えられることが分かった。よって、このことからも残留応力を低く抑えられることが分かる。従って、破断リスク（破断し易さ）の抑制に繋がることが分かる。 When glazing is performed only by the main heating source 6 without preheating, the laser output needs to be 45 to 60 W, and in this case, the residual stress takes a value of 9 to 11 MPa. Was done. On the other hand, when glazing is performed with preheating (laser output of preheating: 20 to 30 [W]), the laser output of main heating is only 30 to 45 [W], and the residual stress is 2 to 7 [MPa]. It turned out that it can be suppressed. Therefore, it is understood from this that the residual stress can be suppressed low. Therefore, it is understood that the risk of breakage (easiness of breakage) is suppressed.
図５に、予熱をしない場合のグレージング加工後のガラス管２に生じた引張応力（歪）の発生位置を図示する。ここで、前述の残留応力には、引張応力（歪）や圧縮応力等があり、ガラス管２の端面３の破断に大きく関係するパラメータは、引張応力（歪）が主である。同図に示されるように、グレージング加工において予熱をしない場合、引張応力（歪）がガラス管２の端寄りの位置（例えば、端面３から約０．４ｍｍの位置）に生じることが分かった。これは、破断リスク（破断し易さ）に繋がる。 FIG. 5 illustrates a position where a tensile stress (strain) occurs in the glass tube 2 after the glazing process when preheating is not performed. Here, the above-mentioned residual stress includes tensile stress (strain), compressive stress, and the like, and a parameter largely related to breakage of the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 is mainly tensile stress (strain). As shown in the figure, it was found that when preheating was not performed in the glazing process, tensile stress (strain) was generated at a position near the end of the glass tube 2 (for example, at a position approximately 0.4 mm from the end face 3). This leads to a break risk (easy break).
図６に、予熱をした場合のグレージング加工後のガラス管２に生じた引張応力（歪）の発生位置を図示する。同図に示されるように、グレージング加工において予熱を行う場合、引張応力（歪）がガラス管２の端面３から内側方向（同図の矢印Ｕ方向）に移動することが分かった。ここで、ガラス管２は、端面３から軸方向（長尺方向）の「０．５〜１ｍｍ」の位置Ｄにおいて残留応力Ｆが最大となり、その残留応力Ｆの最大値が「２〜７ＭＰａ」となる。このように、本例の場合、グレージング加工において、予熱を行わない場合よりも行った場合の方が、引張応力（歪）の発生位置を端面３から離すことが可能となる。よって、破断リスク（破断し易さ）の抑制に繋がる。なお、残留応力の大きさ及び位置は、株式会社ニコン製の偏光顕微鏡ＥＣＬＯＰＳＥ Ｅ６００ ＰＯＬを用いて測定した。 FIG. 6 illustrates a position where a tensile stress (strain) generated in the glass tube 2 after glazing when preheating is performed. As shown in the figure, when preheating is performed in the glazing process, it has been found that the tensile stress (strain) moves inward from the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 (the direction of the arrow U in the figure). Here, in the glass tube 2, the residual stress F is maximum at a position D of “0.5 to 1 mm” in the axial direction (long direction) from the end face 3, and the maximum value of the residual stress F is “2 to 7 MPa”. It becomes. As described above, in the case of the present example, the position where the tensile stress (strain) is generated can be more distant from the end face 3 in the case where preheating is performed than in the case where preheating is not performed in the glazing process. Therefore, it leads to suppression of the risk of breakage (easiness of breakage). The magnitude and position of the residual stress were measured using a polarizing microscope ECLOPSE E600 POL manufactured by Nikon Corporation.
さて、本例の場合、ガラス管２の端面３のグレージング加工において、まずガラス管２の端面３を予熱し、その後、ガラス管２の端面３を本加熱する。このため、本加熱の前に、ある程度、ガラス管２の端面３を加熱しておくことが可能となるので、本加熱に必要な温度を低く抑えることが可能となる。これにより、加工後の冷却の温度勾配Δｔが緩やかになるので、その分、ガラス管２に生じる残留応力を低く抑えることが可能となる。よって、ガラス管２の破断リスクを軽減することができる。 Now, in the case of this example, in the glazing of the end face 3 of the glass tube 2, first, the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 is preheated, and then the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 is fully heated. For this reason, since it is possible to heat the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 to some extent before the main heating, it is possible to suppress the temperature required for the main heating to a low level. As a result, the temperature gradient Δt of the cooling after processing becomes gentle, so that the residual stress generated in the glass tube 2 can be suppressed accordingly. Therefore, the risk of breakage of the glass tube 2 can be reduced.
予熱源５は、レーザ式であって、ガウシアン分布のビームを照射することによってガラス管２の端面３を予熱する。よって、予熱源５の予熱範囲（レーザの照射範囲Ｅａ）を広くとることが可能となるので、ガラス管２の端面３をより確実に予熱することが可能となる。また、本加熱源６は、レーザ式であって、ラインビームを照射することによってガラス管２の端面３を本加熱する。よって、本加熱時、必要とする高温の熱でガラス管２の端面３を加熱することができる。 The preheating source 5 is of a laser type and irradiates a beam having a Gaussian distribution to preheat the end face 3 of the glass tube 2. Accordingly, the preheating range (laser irradiation range Ea) of the preheating source 5 can be widened, so that the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 can be preheated more reliably. Further, the main heating source 6 is of a laser type, and main-heats the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 by irradiating a line beam. Therefore, at the time of the main heating, the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 can be heated with the required high-temperature heat.
予熱工程では、複数のガラス管２を同時に予熱する。よって、ガラス管２の予熱を効率よく行うことができる。
搬送方向Ａに整列して並ぶ複数のガラス管２を搬送し、その搬送過程で予熱及び本加熱を実行する。よって、所定の速度（本例は一定速度）で搬送しながらガラス管２に予熱及び本加熱を行うので、予熱や本加熱を効率よく行うことができる。また、ガラス管２の搬送速度を一定とすれば、予熱や本加熱を行うにあたって、加熱ムラを生じ難くすることができる。
In the preheating step, a plurality of glass tubes 2 are preheated simultaneously. Therefore, preheating of the glass tube 2 can be performed efficiently.
A plurality of glass tubes 2 arranged in a line in the carrying direction A are carried, and preheating and main heating are performed in the carrying process. Therefore, preheating and main heating are performed on the glass tube 2 while being conveyed at a predetermined speed (in this example, a constant speed), so that preheating and main heating can be performed efficiently. Further, if the conveying speed of the glass tube 2 is kept constant, it is possible to make it difficult to generate uneven heating when performing preheating or main heating.
予熱工程では、予熱源５をガラス管２の搬送方向Ａに対して斜めに配置して、ガラス管２の端面３を斜めから加熱して予熱を実行する。本例では、１つの光源（図示略）の光を分岐させて複数の予熱源５に至らせ、これら予熱源５からレーザＬＡ１を照射する場合、これら予熱源５を斜めに配置することで、１つの光源と複数の予熱源５との間の最適な向きを設定することが可能となる。このようにして複数の予熱源５の間で光源（図示略）を共通化することが可能となるので、装置コストの抑制に有利となる。 In the preheating step, the preheating source 5 is disposed obliquely with respect to the transport direction A of the glass tube 2, and the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 is heated obliquely to perform preheating. In this example, when the light of one light source (not shown) is branched to reach a plurality of preheating sources 5, and when the laser LA1 is irradiated from these preheating sources 5, these preheating sources 5 are arranged obliquely. It is possible to set an optimal orientation between one light source and a plurality of preheating sources 5. In this way, a common light source (not shown) can be used among the plurality of preheating sources 5, which is advantageous for suppressing the cost of the apparatus.
また、本加熱工程では、本加熱源６をガラス管２の搬送方向Ａに対して直交又はその近傍角に配置して、ガラス管２の端面３に対して略垂直にレーザＬＡ２を照射して本加熱を実行する。よって、本加熱源６のレーザをガラス管２の端面３にしっかりと当てることが可能となるので、本加熱を効率よく行うのに有利となる。 In the main heating step, the main heating source 6 is arranged at a right angle to or near the conveying direction A of the glass tube 2, and the laser LA 2 is irradiated substantially perpendicular to the end face 3 of the glass tube 2. Perform main heating. Therefore, the laser of the main heating source 6 can be firmly applied to the end face 3 of the glass tube 2, which is advantageous for performing the main heating efficiently.
予熱源５及び本加熱源６は、各々が照射する熱線の照射範囲（照射範囲Ｅａ，Ｅｂ）が互いに重なるように配置されている。よって、ガラス管２の端面３を予熱からスムーズに本加熱に移行させることが可能となるので、ガラス管２の端面３のグレージングを最適に行うのに有利となる。 The preheating source 5 and the main heating source 6 are arranged such that the irradiation ranges (irradiation ranges Ea and Eb) of the heat rays to be irradiated overlap each other. Therefore, the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 can be smoothly shifted from the preheating to the main heating, which is advantageous for optimally performing the glazing of the end face 3 of the glass tube 2.
ガラス管２の一方の端面３（第１端面３ａ）、及びガラス管２の他方の端面３（第２端面３ｂ）の各々に対して、予熱工程及び本加熱工程が順に実施される。よって、ガラス管２の両方の端面３をグレージング加工することができる。 The preheating step and the main heating step are sequentially performed on one end face 3 (first end face 3a) of the glass tube 2 and the other end face 3 (second end face 3b) of the glass tube 2 respectively. Therefore, both end surfaces 3 of the glass tube 2 can be glazed.
予熱工程において、出力ワット数が２０〜３０ＷのレーザＬＡ１を、０．５〜１秒照射することで予熱を実行する。よって、予熱レーザのワット数と予熱時間とを最適化することができる。 In the preheating step, preheating is performed by irradiating a laser LA1 having an output wattage of 20 to 30 W for 0.5 to 1 second. Therefore, the wattage and the preheating time of the preheating laser can be optimized.
本加熱工程では、ラインビームのビーム幅をＴ、ガラス管２の搬送方向Ａに対するビーム軌跡（光軸）の傾斜角をθとして、ガラス管２の外径をＲとした場合に、「Ｔ×ｓｉｎθ≧Ｒ」で表される関係を満たすように本加熱を実行する。よって、最適な条件下で本加熱を実施することができる。 In this heating step, when the beam width of the line beam is T, the inclination angle of the beam trajectory (optical axis) with respect to the transport direction A of the glass tube 2 is θ, and the outer diameter of the glass tube 2 is R, “T × The main heating is performed so as to satisfy the relationship represented by “sin θ ≧ R”. Therefore, main heating can be performed under optimal conditions.
なお、本実施形態は、以下のように変更して実施することができる。本実施形態及び以下の変更例は、技術的に矛盾しない範囲で互いに組み合わせて実施することができる。
・予熱及び加熱の両工程の両工程において複数のガラス管２を同時加熱可能としてもよいし、これら工程の一方のみ複数のガラス管２を同時加熱可能としてもよい。
This embodiment can be implemented with the following modifications. The present embodiment and the following modifications can be implemented in combination with each other within a technically consistent range.
A plurality of glass tubes 2 may be simultaneously heated in both of the preheating and heating steps, or a plurality of glass tubes 2 may be simultaneously heated only in one of these steps.
・予熱源５は、ＣＯ２レーザに限定されず、他の方式のレーザに変更してもよい。
・本加熱源６は、ラインビーム式に限定されず、例えば予熱源５のような出力がガウシアン分布をとるレーザとしてもよい。
The preheating source 5 is not limited to the CO 2 laser, and may be changed to another type of laser.
The main heating source 6 is not limited to the line beam type, and may be a laser such as the preheating source 5 whose output has a Gaussian distribution.
・予熱源５及び本加熱源６は、レーザ式に限らず、他の方式の熱源を用いてもよい。
・予熱は、複数のガラス管２で同時に行われることに限らず、１つずつ実施してもよい。
-The preheating source 5 and the main heating source 6 are not limited to the laser type, and other types of heat sources may be used.
The preheating is not limited to being performed simultaneously by the plurality of glass tubes 2 and may be performed one by one.
・ガラス管２の両方の端面３を同時タイミングでグレージング処理してもよい。
・予熱の仕方は、例えば予熱の温度を処理途中で複数段階に切り替えるなど、種々の態様が適用可能である。これは、本加熱でも同様である。
-Both end surfaces 3 of the glass tube 2 may be glazed at the same time.
Various methods can be applied to the method of preheating, such as switching the preheating temperature to a plurality of stages during processing. This is the same in the main heating.
・ガラス管端面加工装置１は、搬送ブロック７が複数配列された複数ラインの装置であってもよい。
・ガラス管２の搬送の仕方は、ガラス管２を予熱源５及び本加熱源６の各レーザ照射範囲を通過させることができれば、種々の態様に変更可能である。
The glass tube end face processing apparatus 1 may be a multi-line apparatus in which a plurality of transport blocks 7 are arranged.
The way of transporting the glass tube 2 can be changed to various modes as long as the glass tube 2 can pass through the respective laser irradiation ranges of the preheating source 5 and the main heating source 6.
・予熱源５は、ガラス管２の搬送方向Ａに対して斜め配置されることに限らず、搬送方向Ａに対して直交する向きに配置されてもよい。
・予熱源５及び本加熱源６のレーザ照射範囲は、一部がラップすることに限定されず、照射範囲が全く重ならないようにしてもよい。
The preheating source 5 is not limited to being disposed obliquely to the transport direction A of the glass tube 2 and may be disposed in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction A.
The laser irradiation ranges of the preheating source 5 and the main heating source 6 are not limited to partially overlapping, and the irradiation ranges may not overlap at all.
・グレージング処理は、ガラス管２の端面３を軟化加熱により丸めることができれば、種々の処理が適用可能である。
・ガラス管２は、短尺ガラスに限定されず、ある程度長さを有するガラス管に変更してもよい。
Various processes can be applied to the glazing process as long as the end face 3 of the glass tube 2 can be rounded by softening and heating.
-The glass tube 2 is not limited to short glass, but may be changed to a glass tube having a certain length.
１…ガラス管端面加工装置、２…ガラス管、３…端面、３ａ…第１端面、３ｂ…第２端面、５…予熱源、５ａ…第１予熱源、５ｂ…第２予熱源、６…本加熱源、６ａ…第１本加熱源、６ｂ…第２本加熱源、９…グレーズ面、Ａ…搬送方向、ＬＡ１…レーザ、ＬＡ２…レーザ、Ｅａ，Ｅｂ…照射範囲。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Glass tube end face processing apparatus, 2 ... Glass tube, 3 ... End face, 3a ... First end face, 3b ... Second end face, 5 ... Preheating source, 5a ... First preheating source, 5b ... Second preheating source, 6 ... Main heating source, 6a: first heating source, 6b: second heating source, 9: glaze surface, A: transport direction, LA1: laser, LA2: laser, Ea, Eb: irradiation range.
Claims (11)
前記ガラス管の端面を予熱源によって予熱する予熱工程と、
前記予熱工程後の前記ガラス管の端面を本加熱源によって本加熱する本加熱工程と
を備えたガラス管製造方法。 A glass tube manufacturing method for glazing the end surface of the glass tube,
A preheating step of preheating the end face of the glass tube by a preheating source,
A main heating step of main heating the end surface of the glass tube after the preheating step by a main heating source.
前記本加熱源は、レーザ式であって、ラインビームを照射することによって前記ガラス管の端面を本加熱する
請求項１に記載のガラス管製造方法。 The preheating source is a laser type, and preheats the end face of the glass tube by irradiating a beam having a Gaussian distribution,
The glass tube manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the main heating source is a laser type, and irradiates a line beam to main heat the end surface of the glass tube.
請求項１又は２に記載のガラス管製造方法。 The glass tube manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the preheating step, a plurality of the glass tubes are preheated simultaneously.
請求項１〜３のうちいずれか一項に記載のガラス管製造方法。 The glass tube manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of glass tubes arranged in a line in the carrying direction are carried, and the preheating and the main heating are performed in the carrying process.
請求項４に記載のガラス管製造方法。 5. The glass tube manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in the preheating step, the preheating is performed by arranging the preheating source obliquely to a conveying direction of the glass tube and heating an end surface of the glass tube obliquely. .
請求項１〜５のうちいずれか一項に記載のガラス管製造方法。 The method of manufacturing a glass tube according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the preheating source and the main heating source are arranged such that irradiation ranges of heat rays emitted from the preheating source and the main heating source overlap each other.
請求項１〜６のうちいずれか一項に記載のガラス管製造方法。 The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preheating step and the main heating step are sequentially performed on one end surface of the glass tube and the other end surface of the glass tube. Tube manufacturing method.
請求項１〜７のうちいずれか一項に記載のガラス管製造方法。 The glass tube manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the preheating step, preheating is performed by irradiating a laser having an output wattage of 20 to 30 W for 0.5 to 1 second.
Ｔ×ｓｉｎθ≧Ｒ … （１）
で表される関係を満たすように本加熱を実行する
請求項１〜８のうちいずれか一項に記載のガラス管製造方法。 In the main heating step performed by a laser line beam, the outer diameter of the glass tube is defined as T, where T is the beam width of the line beam, and θ is the inclination angle of the beam trajectory (optical axis) with respect to the transport direction A of the glass tube. Assuming R, the following equation (1):
T × sin θ ≧ R (1)
The method for producing a glass tube according to claim 1, wherein the main heating is performed so as to satisfy a relationship represented by:
前記ガラス管の端面を予熱する予熱源と、
予熱後の前記ガラス管の端面を本加熱する本加熱源と
を備えたガラス管端面加工装置。 A glass tube end face processing apparatus for glazing the end face of a glass tube,
A preheating source for preheating the end face of the glass tube;
A glass tube end face processing apparatus comprising: a main heating source for main heating the end face of the glass tube after preheating.
前記端面から軸方向の０．５〜１ｍｍの位置において残留応力が最大となり、当該残留応力の最大値が２〜７ＭＰａであるガラス管。 A glass tube whose end face is a glaze face,
A glass tube wherein the residual stress is maximum at a position of 0.5 to 1 mm in the axial direction from the end face, and the maximum value of the residual stress is 2 to 7 MPa.
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