JP2019522474A - eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents

eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2019522474A
JP2019522474A JP2018566431A JP2018566431A JP2019522474A JP 2019522474 A JP2019522474 A JP 2019522474A JP 2018566431 A JP2018566431 A JP 2018566431A JP 2018566431 A JP2018566431 A JP 2018566431A JP 2019522474 A JP2019522474 A JP 2019522474A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
flavored
aromas
taste
vapor
end insert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2018566431A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2019522474A5 (enExample
Inventor
ゲルト コバル
ゲルト コバル
クリス シンプソン
クリス シンプソン
ダグラス エイ フェルナンデス
ダグラス エイ フェルナンデス
エリック エイ ハウズ
エリック エイ ハウズ
ムンマヤ ケイ ミシュラ
ムンマヤ ケイ ミシュラ
パウリーネ マルク
パウリーネ マルク
レベッカ グレイ
レベッカ グレイ
ライアン エイ ベイリー
ライアン エイ ベイリー
ユ ファン
ユ ファン
Original Assignee
フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム filed Critical フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム
Publication of JP2019522474A publication Critical patent/JP2019522474A/ja
Publication of JP2019522474A5 publication Critical patent/JP2019522474A5/ja
Priority to JP2022130762A priority Critical patent/JP7494257B2/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F7/00Mouthpieces for pipes; Mouthpieces for cigar or cigarette holders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24BMANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/16Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24BMANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/16Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/167Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes in liquid or vaporisable form, e.g. liquid compositions for electronic cigarettes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24BMANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/281Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed
    • A24B15/283Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed by encapsulation of the chemical substances
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24DCIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24DCIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24DCIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/18Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes; Manufacture thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F1/00Tobacco pipes
    • A24F1/32Selection of materials for pipes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/10Devices using liquid inhalable precursors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/70Manufacture
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24FSMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F47/00Smokers' requisites not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0005Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
    • B29K2105/0029Perfuming, odour masking or flavouring agents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/7414Smokers'' requisites, e.g. pipe cleaners

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)
JP2018566431A 2016-07-08 2017-07-07 eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法 Pending JP2019522474A (ja)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022130762A JP7494257B2 (ja) 2016-07-08 2022-08-18 eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/205,532 US20180007954A1 (en) 2016-07-08 2016-07-08 Flavored tip or mouth-end insert for e-vaping and/or smokeable devices and manufacturing method thereof
US15/205,532 2016-07-08
PCT/EP2017/067162 WO2018007626A1 (en) 2016-07-08 2017-07-07 Flavored tip or mouth-end insert for e-vaping or smokeable devices and manufacturing method thereof

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2022130762A Division JP7494257B2 (ja) 2016-07-08 2022-08-18 eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2019522474A true JP2019522474A (ja) 2019-08-15
JP2019522474A5 JP2019522474A5 (enExample) 2020-08-06

Family

ID=59296860

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2018566431A Pending JP2019522474A (ja) 2016-07-08 2017-07-07 eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法
JP2022130762A Active JP7494257B2 (ja) 2016-07-08 2022-08-18 eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2022130762A Active JP7494257B2 (ja) 2016-07-08 2022-08-18 eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US20180007954A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3481238B1 (enExample)
JP (2) JP2019522474A (enExample)
KR (1) KR102565574B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN109640713A (enExample)
CA (1) CA3021520C (enExample)
ES (1) ES2792093T3 (enExample)
IL (1) IL263288B (enExample)
MX (1) MX2018015610A (enExample)
PL (1) PL3481238T3 (enExample)
RU (1) RU2739822C2 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2018007626A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD980507S1 (en) 2015-04-22 2023-03-07 Altria Client Services Llc Electronic vaping device
US10064432B2 (en) 2015-04-22 2018-09-04 Altria Client Services Llc Pod assembly, dispensing body, and E-vapor apparatus including the same
USD874059S1 (en) 2015-04-22 2020-01-28 Altria Client Servies Llc Electronic vaping device
USD874720S1 (en) 2015-04-22 2020-02-04 Altria Client Services, Llc Pod for an electronic vaping device
USD1052163S1 (en) 2015-04-22 2024-11-19 Altria Client Services Llc Electronic vaping device
MY182356A (en) 2015-04-22 2021-01-20 Altria Client Services Llc Pod assembly, dispensing body, and e-vapor apparatus including the same
US10104913B2 (en) 2015-04-22 2018-10-23 Altria Client Services Llc Pod assembly, dispensing body, and E-vapor apparatus including the same
US10986873B2 (en) 2016-10-12 2021-04-27 Changzhou Patent Electronic Technology Co., LTD Electronic cigarette
USD870375S1 (en) * 2017-10-11 2019-12-17 Altria Client Services Llc Battery for an electronic vaping device
GB201806245D0 (en) * 2018-04-17 2018-05-30 Nicoventures Trading Ltd Delivery vehicle
PL3669674T3 (pl) 2018-12-17 2024-10-07 Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh Podłużny wyrób do palenia
EP3669673B1 (en) 2018-12-17 2023-08-02 Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH Elongated smoking article
EP3692823A1 (en) * 2019-02-07 2020-08-12 Nerudia Ltd. Smoking substitute apparatus, cap for a smoking apparatus and associated manufacturing methods
US20230255260A1 (en) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-17 Aidemar Group, Inc. Edible mouthpiece system for use with smokable items
EP4508993A1 (en) * 2023-08-14 2025-02-19 Aidemar Group, Inc. Edible mouthpiece system for use with smokable items
WO2025186366A1 (en) * 2024-03-06 2025-09-12 Philip Morris Products S.A. Removable flavored mouthpiece for aerosol-generating device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4995407A (en) * 1989-07-25 1991-02-26 International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. Non-combustible artificial cigarette
JP2012501368A (ja) * 2008-08-29 2012-01-19 エー.シュルマン,インク. 最適化された風味付けされたポリマー組成物
WO2015052192A1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2015-04-16 Jt International S.A. Aerosol transferring adapter for an aerosol generating device and method for transferring aerosol within an aerosol generating device

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589371A (en) * 1969-09-16 1971-06-29 Imp Tabacco Co Of Canada Ltd Cigar holder
GB1442631A (en) * 1973-02-06 1976-07-14 Monsanto Ltd Cigarette filters
KR910000142B1 (ko) * 1987-05-29 1991-01-21 니혼 다바고 상교오 가부시기가이샤 담배용 필터
IL83826A (en) * 1987-09-08 1991-03-10 Inventor S Funding Corp Ltd Plastic mouthpiece for simulated smoking
JPH0778291B2 (ja) * 1988-07-11 1995-08-23 村田機械株式会社 糸の製造方法および製造装置
US4971078A (en) * 1989-08-15 1990-11-20 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Filter for a smoking article containing a flavored hollow fiber
US6598607B2 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-07-29 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Non-combustible smoking device and fuel element
DE102006047146A1 (de) * 2006-10-05 2008-04-10 Michael Calefice Rauchfreie Zigarette
EP2289357A4 (en) 2008-06-25 2012-06-27 Japan Tobacco Inc SMOKING ARTICLE
US20110230587A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2011-09-22 A. Schulman, Inc. Flavored polymeric articles
US20100108084A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2010-05-06 Norman Alan B Filtered cigarette with diffuse tipping material
US9282769B2 (en) * 2011-03-15 2016-03-15 Altria Client Services Llc Biodegradable cigar tip
WO2013040193A2 (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 L. Perrigo Company Electronic cigarette
CN103040090B (zh) * 2012-01-20 2016-03-30 奥驰亚客户服务公司 脱除烟草的口腔用产品
US9854839B2 (en) * 2012-01-31 2018-01-02 Altria Client Services Llc Electronic vaping device and method
UA116792C2 (uk) * 2012-12-17 2018-05-10 Сіс Рісорсез Лтд. Електронна сигарета з поліпшеними смаковими властивостями
GB201407642D0 (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-06-11 British American Tobacco Co Aerosol-cooling element and arrangements for apparatus for heating a smokable material
EP3220761B1 (en) * 2014-11-19 2020-11-04 Fontem Holdings 4 B.V. Method, composition and apparatus for functionalization of aerosols from non combustible smoking articles
US20160345622A1 (en) * 2015-05-28 2016-12-01 Karim Ezzat Mahmoud Candy hookah tips
CN105707980B (zh) * 2016-03-08 2020-02-04 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种醋酸纤维素开孔微孔发泡材料滤嘴香料棒的制备方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4995407A (en) * 1989-07-25 1991-02-26 International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. Non-combustible artificial cigarette
JP2012501368A (ja) * 2008-08-29 2012-01-19 エー.シュルマン,インク. 最適化された風味付けされたポリマー組成物
WO2015052192A1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2015-04-16 Jt International S.A. Aerosol transferring adapter for an aerosol generating device and method for transferring aerosol within an aerosol generating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20190026660A (ko) 2019-03-13
US20180007954A1 (en) 2018-01-11
KR102565574B1 (ko) 2023-08-10
JP7494257B2 (ja) 2024-06-03
IL263288B (en) 2021-12-01
PL3481238T3 (pl) 2020-09-07
JP2022166234A (ja) 2022-11-01
IL263288A (en) 2018-12-31
RU2018144777A (ru) 2020-08-10
WO2018007626A1 (en) 2018-01-11
CA3021520A1 (en) 2018-01-11
CA3021520C (en) 2024-02-20
MX2018015610A (es) 2019-04-11
EP3481238B1 (en) 2020-04-15
ES2792093T3 (es) 2020-11-10
RU2018144777A3 (enExample) 2020-10-16
CN109640713A (zh) 2019-04-16
RU2739822C2 (ru) 2020-12-28
EP3481238A1 (en) 2019-05-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP7494257B2 (ja) eベイピング装置または喫煙可能装置用の風味付きチップまたは口側端インサートおよびその製造方法
KR102679365B1 (ko) E-베이핑 장치용 캡슐화된 성분 및 그 제조 방법
RU2724175C2 (ru) Блок ароматизирующего вещества для электронного устройства для вейпинга
JP7472105B2 (ja) 吸収性担体付きエアロゾル発生物品
JP6938832B2 (ja) エアロゾル供給物品
CN109788806B (zh) 包含水凝胶调配物的多腔筒的设计和应用
EP3139776B1 (en) Method of preparing an aerosol delivery device
CN111757679B (zh) 气溶胶生成装置用卷烟
CN104661544B (zh) 电子烟
KR102154371B1 (ko) 전자 흡연 물품에 사용하기에 적합한 심지
CN112930121B (zh) 包括文丘里元件的气溶胶生成系统
JP2019522479A (ja) たばこインサートを備えた不燃性ベイピング要素
CN109788794A (zh) 用于提高电子蒸汽烟装置的蒸汽前调配物的稳定性的方法和系统
JP7621391B2 (ja) エアロゾル供給システムで使用するための物品
JP7485488B2 (ja) ハイブリッドエアロゾル供給システム
KR102614274B1 (ko) 전자 담배 장치의 작동 중 유기산 형성을 위한 증기-전 제제
CN113226075A (zh) 具有插入件的蒸汽烟装置
CN222692746U (zh) 气溶胶生成制品及气溶胶供应系统
RU2791078C1 (ru) Генерирующее аэрозоль устройство с разделяемым элементом вентури и генерирующая аэрозоль система
CN119896354A (zh) 气溶胶输送系统
HK1234966B (en) Method of preparing an aerosol delivery device
HK1234966A1 (en) Method of preparing an aerosol delivery device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20181228

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20190606

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20200626

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20200626

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20210603

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20210903

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20211101

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20211202

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20220418