JP2019502845A - Grinding equipment for drilling minerals - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To disclose a grinding device (14) for excavating a mineral (260).
A grinding device (14) includes a grinding drum (15) rotatable about a drum shaft (200); and is disposed around the grinding drum (15) and has a substantially radius with respect to the drum shaft (200). A first group of excavating heads (18, 18 ', 18'') driven to rotate about a first rotating shaft (210) extending in a direction; disposed around a grinding drum (15) , A second group of drilling heads (20, 20 ′, 20 ″, 20 ′ ″) rotatable about a second rotational axis (212) extending substantially radially relative to the drum axis (200) And comprising; The first group of drilling heads (18, 18 ′, 18 ″) includes a plurality of first drilling tools (60, 60 ′) configured to perform a first cutting operation, and a second The group of drilling heads (20, 20 ′, 20 ″, 20 ′ ″) includes a plurality of second drilling tools (267) configured to perform a second drilling operation different from the first drilling operation. )including.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present application relates to a grinding apparatus for mining use, and particularly to a grinding apparatus for hard rock mining use.

  Mineral drilling, particularly hard rock mineral drilling, requires a grinding device that can impart sufficient impact to the mineral so that it can be crushed and drilled. For this reason, the grinding apparatus usually comprises a plurality of excavation heads arranged around the grinding drum. The plurality of drilling heads are provided with a plurality of drilling tools for performing a drilling operation on minerals.

  The present disclosure is intended, at least in part, to improve or overcome one or more aspects of a pre-grinding device.

  According to a first aspect, a grinding apparatus for excavating minerals is disclosed. This grinding device is driven to rotate around a first rotating shaft that is disposed around the grinding drum and that extends around the drum shaft and extends in a substantially radial direction with respect to the drum shaft. A first group of excavation heads, and a second group of excavation heads arranged around the grinding drum and driven to rotate about a second rotational axis extending substantially radially relative to the drum axis; . The first group of excavation heads includes a plurality of first excavation tools configured to perform a first cutting operation, and the second group of excavation heads is different from the first excavation operation. A plurality of second drilling tools configured to perform a plurality of drilling operations.

  According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for excavating minerals using a grinding device is disclosed. The grinding apparatus includes a grinding drum that is rotatable about a drum axis, a first group of excavation heads that are driven to rotate about a first rotation axis, and contain a plurality of first excavation tools; A second group of excavation heads that are driven to rotate about a second axis of rotation and house a plurality of second excavation tools different from the first excavation tool. The first group of drilling heads and the second group of drilling heads are alternately arranged around the grinding drum. The method rotates the grinding drum about the drum axis in a direction toward the mineral, thereby engaging the first drilling tool with the mineral and the first group of drilling heads to the first axis of rotation. , So that the first cutting operation is performed using the first drilling tool, and the grinding drum is further rotated in the direction toward the mineral, thereby causing the second drilling tool to rotate. Engaging the mineral and performing a second excavation operation different from the first cutting operation using the second excavation tool.

  Other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings.

1 shows an exemplary mining machine with a grinding device. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional partial view of an exemplary grinding apparatus having an exemplary first group of drilling heads and an exemplary second group of drilling heads. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional partial view of an exemplary grinding apparatus having another exemplary first group of drilling heads and the same exemplary second group of drilling heads as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional partial view of an exemplary grinding apparatus having the same exemplary first group of drilling heads as shown in FIG. 3 and another exemplary second group of drilling heads. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional partial view of an exemplary grinding apparatus in which a first group of excavation heads and a second group of excavation heads are disposed on the same axis. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional partial view of an exemplary grinding apparatus having yet another exemplary first group of drilling heads and yet another exemplary second group of drilling heads.

  The following is a detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments described herein are intended to teach the principles of the disclosure, and those skilled in the art will make and use the disclosure in many different environments and many different applications. Make it possible. As such, the exemplary embodiments are not intended to be limiting descriptions of the scope of protection and should not be considered as such. The scope of protection is to be defined by the appended claims rather than by the exemplary embodiments.

  The present disclosure is based in part on the recognition that a drilling process that uses multiple drilling heads can adversely affect the performance of the mining machine because it can cause vibrations on the mining machine.

  The present disclosure is based in part on the recognition that vibration can occur when a drilling head performs multiple drilling operations simultaneously. In this case, it is because the disturbance caused by the first excavation operation overlaps with the disturbance caused by the second excavation operation. As a result, disturbances caused by various excavation operations may overlap each other, resulting in mining machine vibration and the like.

  According to the present disclosure, the overlap of disturbances in the mining machine includes a first group of excavation heads (first excavation heads) including a first excavation tool for performing only the first excavation operation; This is prevented by providing a second group of drilling heads (second drilling heads) including a second drilling tool for performing only a second drilling operation different from the drilling operation.

  Within the meaning of this disclosure, the first excavation operation is a cutting operation. The cutting operation requires a drilling tool having a sharp edge such as a pin tip. Since the first cutting operation is performed only by the first excavation tool, the first excavation tool includes a shape having a sharp edge or a sharp end for performing the first cutting operation. The first excavation tool is mounted on a first excavation head that rotates about a first rotation axis. When the first excavation head is rotated, the sharp edge of the first excavation tool pierces the mineral, thereby generating a minute crack in the mineral, which eventually becomes a cut or scraped portion.

  Within the meaning of this disclosure, the second excavation operation is a blunt operation. In contrast to the first cutting action, the blunt action is not a drilling action, but an action of applying a planar compressive strain to the mineral that counteracts the tensile strength of the mineral. In the case of minerals, the resistance to compressive strain is only a fraction (5% to 20%) of resistance to tensile strain, but when subjected to blunt action, it is already cracked (perforated, half-stretched). Minerals (in a cracked state) are subjected to a plane compression impact. This compressive impact counteracts the tensile strength of the mineral to lower the strength of the mineral, thereby crushing the mineral and improving the excavating performance of the mining machine.

  Further, according to the present disclosure, the second group of excavation heads can freely rotate about the second rotation axis. Thus, when the second excavation tool makes a blunt action in contact with the mineral, it moves over the mineral, thereby supporting the rotation of the grinding drum. As a result, since the second excavation tool can stabilize the mining machine, it can contribute to reducing the vibration of the mining machine.

  The present disclosure further provides, in some embodiments, if the second drilling tool not only applies compressive strain to the mineral, but also converts this compressive strain to a tensile strain that acts on the mineral, resulting in the outcome of the drilling process. Is based in part on the recognition that Thus, in some embodiments, the miner comprises a second excavation tool having a disc shape with a smooth contact area. This smooth contact area creates surface contact with the mineral during the second excavation operation and applies compressive strain. In order to convert compressive strain into tensile strain, the smooth contact area has a conical cross-sectional shape. The conical cross-sectional shape includes a radially outer surface and a side surface disposed radially outward with respect to the drum axis of the grinding drum. The side surface has a diameter that increases radially outward with respect to the drum shaft, and is connected to the radially outer surface via a blunt edge. By providing the second excavation tool with the above-mentioned conical cross-sectional shape, the blunt edge can enter the notch generated during the first cutting operation, and it fits into the notch and scrapes out residual minerals. )can do. The “scraping or squeezing” of the residual mineral from the inside of the cut corresponds to the tensile strain acting on the mineral. Therefore, the second excavation tool converts compressive strain into tensile strain when fitted with the incision. As a result, the strength of the mineral is further reduced by the “leverage effect”, so that the excavating performance of the mining machine can be improved.

  The present disclosure further relies on the recognition that in some embodiments, the drilling process can be further improved if the second drilling tool applies more impact to the mineral in addition to the compressive and / or tensile strains described above. Is based on. Thus, in some embodiments, the second drilling head is disposed radially outward relative to the drum portion and the shaft carrier portion disposed radially inward relative to the drum axis. A tool carrier section. The shaft carrier portion is driven to rotate about the second rotation axis. The tool carrier portion accommodates the second excavation tool and is rotatably mounted on the shaft carrier portion. The tool carrier portion is further rotatable around a third rotation axis shifted by a predetermined value from the second rotation axis. Therefore, the tool carrier portion can freely rotate around the third rotation axis, but rotates around the second rotation axis shifted from the third rotation axis. As a result, when the shaft carrier portion rotates around the second rotation axis, the tool carrier portion and the second excavation tool together with it enter the mineral. This “rush” into the mineral adds to the aforementioned compressive and / or tensile strain applied to the mineral. This further improves the excavation process, since the mineral strength is further reduced.

  Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows an exemplary mining machine 10. The mining machine 10 may be any type of mining machine used to excavate minerals, such as a partial cross-section excavator or a mobile mining machine. The mining machine 10 includes an arm 12 connected to the chassis of the mining machine 10. The arm 12 is pivotable and movable in the vertical and horizontal directions as indicated by the arrow 38. The arm 12 is attached to the drum holder 13. The drum holder 13 receives the grinding device 14 and is pivotable as indicated by the arrow 39. The grinding device 14 includes a grinding drum 15, a first group of excavation heads (first excavation head) 18, and a second group of excavation heads (second excavation head) 20. The first and second excavation heads 18 and 20 are disposed around the grinding drum 15. The first excavation head 18 and the second excavation head 20 are alternately arranged around the grinding drum 15. The grinding drum 15 may comprise, for example, 1 to 10 first excavation heads 18 and, for example, 1 to 10 second excavation heads 20. The mining machine 10 further includes a track gear 11. The track gear 11 is configured to guide the mining machine 10 and cause the grinding device 14 to enter the mineral.

  In some embodiments, the miner 10 may include more than one grinding drum 15 arranged parallel to each other.

  As shown in more detail in FIG. 1, each first drilling head 18 is attached to the first rotating shaft 210, the base material 24, the plurality of drilling tool support rings 40, and the plurality of drilling tool support rings 40. A plurality of excavation tool carriers 50 and a plurality of first excavation tools 60 are provided. Each first drilling tool 60 is rotatably supported by one of the plurality of drilling tool carriers 50. The excavation tool carrier 50 may be separable to facilitate access to the first excavation tool 60.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the first drilling head 18 illustratively includes four drilling tool support rings 41, 42, 43, and 44. The excavation tool support rings 41, 42, 43, 44 are arranged at the center of the base material 24 with respect to the first rotating shaft 210. Each drilling tool support ring 41, 42, 43, 44 has a diameter such that the drilling tool support rings 41, 42, 43, 44 together form a conical shape. The excavation tool support rings 41, 42, 43, 44 may be welded or formed integrally on the substrate 24. Therefore, the first excavation head 18 may be referred to as a “multi-row excavation head”. Of course, the first drilling head 18 may have a different number of drilling tool support rings, such as one drilling tool support ring. In such a case, the first drilling head 18 may be referred to as a “single row drilling head”.

  The base material 24 further includes a central hole 30 that penetrates the base material 24 along the first rotation axis 210. The central hole 30 receives a drive bushing 32 (see FIG. 2) connected to a drive tool shaft (shown in FIG. 2) for rotating the first excavation head 18 about the first rotation axis 210. It is configured as follows. The drive mechanism of the first excavation head 18 will be described in detail when referring to FIG.

  As further shown in FIG. 1, each first excavation tool 60 further comprises a sharpened end 62. The end 62 is configured to penetrate the mineral for the purpose of generating a crack when the first excavation head 18 is rotated about the first rotation axis 210. Therefore, the first excavation tool 60 performs a cutting operation on the mineral.

  Referring now to FIG. 2, a partial cross-sectional view of the grinding device 14 is shown. The grinding device 14 includes a first excavation head 18 and a second excavation head 20 already described with reference to FIG. As described above, the first excavation head 18 and the second excavation head 20 are alternately arranged around the grinding drum 15. Thus, in the cross-sectional partial view shown in FIG. 2, an exemplary first drilling head 18 is shown at the top of FIG. 2, and an exemplary second drilling head 20 is shown at the bottom of FIG. . The first drilling head 18 is schematically shown as a multi-row drilling head, as previously described in FIG. The first drilling head 18 comprises a plurality of rows of first drilling tools 60, schematically indicated by arrows 38. The first excavation head 18 may be a single row excavation head.

  As can be confirmed in FIG. 2, the grinding device 14 includes a grinding drum 15. The grinding drum 15 is formed by a first drum ring 15A and a second drum ring 15B. The grinding drum 15 includes a drum shaft 200 disposed at the center of the grinding drum 15. The grinding drum 15 can rotate around the drum shaft 200. The grinding apparatus 14 further includes a plurality of first tool shafts 34 disposed around the grinding drum 15 and a plurality of second tool shafts 36 disposed around the grinding drum 15. The first and second tool shafts 34 and 36 are disposed between the first drum ring 15A and the second drum ring 15B. Each first tool shaft 34 includes a first rotation axis 210, and each second tool shaft 36 includes a second rotation axis 212. The first rotating shaft 210 and the second rotating shaft 212 extend in a substantially radial direction with respect to the drum shaft 200.

  Within the meaning of the present disclosure, “substantially in the radial direction with respect to the drum shaft 200” means that the first rotation shaft 210 and the second rotation shaft 212 are at an angle α with respect to the radial direction 220 of the drum shaft 200. Means that it extends. The angle α may be in the range of about 0 degrees to about ± 20 degrees, preferably in the range of about ± 1 degrees to about ± 20 degrees, and in the range of ± 1 degrees to about ± 15 degrees. Further preferred.

  The first tool shaft 34 is connected to the first excavation head 18 by a first bearing bush 230. The second tool shaft 36 is connected to the second excavation head 20 by a second bearing bush 232. The first and second bearing bushes 230 and 232 are screwed into the peripheral end surfaces of the first and second drum rings 15A and 15B by a plurality of fastening screws 234. Each first and second bearing bushing 230, 232 is interchangeable in a cartridge-like manner and is inserted into the drum chamber 236 via a fastening screw 234. The grinding device 14 can be changed to a configuration having first and second tool shafts 34 and 36 extending perpendicularly to the drum shaft 200. In this configuration, first and second bearing bushings 230, 232 are used in which different first and second tool shafts 34, 36 are arranged perpendicular to the drum axis 200.

  A corresponding first tool shaft 34 is rotatably supported on each first bearing bush 230. A corresponding second tool shaft 36 is rotatably supported on each second bearing bush 232. Rotatable support is achieved by first and second bearing bushings 230, 232, a bearing ring 240, and a tapered roller bearing 238 disposed within the shaft seal ring 242.

  Hereinafter, the drive mechanism of the grinding device 14 will be described.

  In the grinding device 14, two forced rotations occur. The first rotation is rotation of the grinding drum 15 about the drum shaft 200. The second rotation is a rotation of the first tool shaft 34 around the first rotation axis 210.

  The grinding drum 15 is rotated about the drum shaft 200 through the first belt pulley 244. The first belt pulley 244 is disposed on the right side of the grinding device 14. The rotation of the first tool shaft 34 around the first rotation shaft 210 is performed by a second belt pulley (not shown). The second belt pulley is disposed on the side opposite to the width direction of the grinding drum 15 with respect to the first belt pulley 244 and on the left side of the grinding device 14.

  The first belt pulley 244 is connected to the input side of the first hub gear 246, thereby driving the first hub gear 246. The second belt pulley is connected to the input side of the second hub gear 248, thereby driving the second hub gear 248. The first hub gear 246 is mounted on the first fastening flange 250, while the second hub gear 248 is mounted on a second fastening flange (not shown). Both fastening flanges are used to connect the grinding drum 15 to the drum holder 13 shown in FIG.

  The first and second hub gears 246 and 248 are driven by an engine, such as an electric motor of the mining machine 10. The first hub gear 246 includes an output side 250 to which the grinding drum 15 is connected via the first drum ring 15A. The second hub gear 248 includes an output side to which the toothed crown gear 252 is connected. The toothed crown gear 252 is rotatably supported on the second drum ring 15B via a bearing ring 254 and a shaft seal 256.

  The toothed crown gear 252 meshes with the bevel gear 258. The bevel gear 258 is connected to the first tool shaft 34. The toothed crown gear 252 is driven by the second hub gear 248 and meshes with the bevel gear 258 to drive the bevel gear 258. Further, the toothed crown gear 252 can drive the bevel gear 258 at a rotational speed different from the rotational speed of the grinding drum 15. Therefore, a desired rotational speed ratio between the grinding drum 15 and the first tool shaft 34 can be set using the first and second hub gears 246 and 248.

  Since the first excavation tool 60 is mounted on the first excavation head 18, when the grinding device 14 operates, the grinding drum 15 rotates about the drum shaft 200, and the first rotation shaft 210 centers. One excavation head 18 rotates. As a result, the first excavation tool 60 undergoes two rotational movements about two different rotational axes. Therefore, the first excavation tool 60 draws a substantially annular path during the operation of the grinding device 14. During operation of the grinding device 14, the drilling tool 60 fits into the mineral 260, thereby imparting a crack 261 to the mineral 260, and ultimately a scraper 262 or a depending on the type of the first drilling head 18. Make a notch. The scraped portion or the cut is formed in the traveling direction of the mining machine 10 as indicated by an arrow 264, for example.

  Reference is now made to the second excavation head 20.

  As described above, the second excavation head 20 is connected to the second tool shaft 36. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the second tool shaft 36 does not contact the toothed crown gear 252. Therefore, the second tool shaft 36 is not driven by the toothed crown wheel 252 while the grinding device 14 is in operation. Since the second tool shaft 36 is connected to the second excavation head 20, the second excavation head 20 is not driven. Instead, the second excavation head 20 can freely rotate about the second rotation shaft 212.

  The second excavation head 20 includes a shaft carrier part 265 and a tool carrier part 266. The shaft carrier portion 265 is connected to the second tool shaft 36, and the tool carrier portion 266 is connected to the shaft carrier portion 265. Tool carrier portion 266 houses second excavation tool 267.

  The second excavation tool 267 has a maximum radial distance 280 from the drum shaft 200. This distance is approximately equal to the maximum radial distance 282 between the first excavation tool 60 and the drum shaft 200. Further, the second excavation tool 267 has a maximum radial distance 284 from the second rotational axis 212. This distance is approximately equal to the maximum radial distance 286 between the first excavation tool 60 and the first axis of rotation 210.

  The second excavation tool 267 further includes a substantially disk shape that is symmetric with respect to the second rotation axis 212. This disk-like shape includes a smooth contact region 268. The smooth contact area 268 contacts the mineral 260 during operation of the grinding device 14. The smooth contact region 268 has a conical cross-sectional shape in a plane including the second rotation axis 212. The conical cross-sectional shape includes a radially outer surface 270 with respect to the drum shaft 200 and a side surface 272. The side surface 272 extends radially with respect to the drum shaft 200 between the shaft carrier portion 265 and the radially outer surface 270. The side 272 has a diameter that increases radially from the shaft carrier portion 265 to the radially outer surface 270. The smooth contact area 268 further comprises a blunt edge 274. The blunt edge portion 274 connects the side surface 272 and the radially outer side surface 270. The blunt edge 274 includes a predetermined radius, for example, in the range of about 2 mm to 10 mm.

  The radially outer surface 270 further includes a flat portion 276 and a bevel portion 278. The plane portion 276 is disposed radially inward with respect to the second rotation shaft 212. The bevel portion 278 is disposed radially outward with respect to the second rotation shaft 212. The bevel portion 278 and the flat portion 276 limit the angle β. The angle β is substantially equal to the angle α between the radial direction 220 and the second rotation axis 212.

  Since the maximum radial distances 280, 284 of the second excavation tool 267 are approximately equal to the maximum radial distances 286, 282 of the first excavation tool 60, when the grinding device 14 is activated, the second excavation tool 267 In contact with the mineral 260 in the scraped portion 262 generated by the excavation tool 60. During rotation of the grinding drum 15, a freely rotatable second excavation tool 267 moves the mineral 260 onto the mineral 260 in contact with its radially outer surface 270. By “moving” on the mineral 260 in this manner, compressive strain occurs on the mineral 260. This compressive strain is an additional impact on the crack 261 previously generated by the first excavation tool 60. Thus, this compressive strain further reduces the strength of the mineral 260 and assists the excavation process.

  In addition, since the angle α between the radial direction 220 and the second rotation axis 212 is substantially equal to the angle β between the plane portion 276 and the bevel portion 278, the bevel portion 278 is mineral over substantially the entire surface area. 260 is contacted. Therefore, the bevel portion 278 supports the grinding device 14 in the lateral direction while the grinding drum 15 is rotating. This lateral support also serves to limit the penetration depth of the first excavation tool 60 within the mineral 260. Therefore, the second excavation tool 267 also functions as a depth stop for the first excavation tool 60. For example, the maximum penetration depth of the first excavation tool 60 in the mineral 260 ranges from about 1 mm to about 5 mm for hard rock minerals and from about 5 mm to about 10 mm for soft rock minerals.

  Referring now to FIG. 3, a cross-sectional partial view of another exemplary grinding device is shown. Compared to the example shown in FIG. 2, the second excavation head 20 provided in the grinding apparatus 14 of FIG. 3 is the same as that shown in FIG. 2, but the first excavation head 18 ′ is different. In the example of FIG. 3, the excavation head 18 'is a grooving excavation head. Compared to the already described multi-row drilling head of FIG. 2, the grooving head 18 ′ comprises a single grooving ring 300.

  A top view of the grooving ring 300 is indicated by “X” in FIG. As shown, the grooving ring 300 includes a plurality of first excavation tools 60 '. The first excavation tool 60 ′ is disposed in a saw blade shape on the outer periphery of the grooving ring 300. The first drilling tool 60 'has a cylindrical shape with a sharp upper edge and a sharp lower edge and is made of carbide, diamond, or other hard material. The first drilling tool 60 'has a diameter in the range, for example, from about 8 mm to about 20 mm.

  The grooved ring 300 rotates clockwise as indicated by the arrow. During rotation of the grooving ring 300, the first excavation tool 60 ′ engages the sharp edge with the mineral 260 and makes a cut 302 in the mineral 260 along the direction of travel 264 of the mining machine 10. The incision 302 is based on the drum axis 200, for example, an axial distance 304 in the range of about 5 mm to 20 mm, and an axial direction in the range of about 8 mm to 20 mm, for example, Distance 306 (without considering the slight tilt of the first rotation axis 210 relative to the drum axis 200).

  The second excavation head 20 that can freely rotate around the second rotation axis 212 includes a second excavation tool 267. As described above, the maximum radial distances 280, 284 of the second excavation tool 267 are approximately equal to the maximum radial distances 286, 282 of the first excavation tool 60 '. Therefore, when the grinding device 14 is activated, the excavation tool 267 is engaged with the notch 302. The bevel portion 278 of the radially outer surface 270 contacts the mineral 260 on the radially outer side of the notch 302 with respect to the drum shaft 200. In addition, the side 272 contacts the mineral 260 radially inward of the notch 302 relative to the drum axis 200. As a result, the second excavation tool 267 converts the compressive strain described in connection with FIG. 2 into a tensile strain that acts on the mineral 260 from within the notch 302. As a result, the mineral 260 in the vicinity of the cut edge 308 is scraped out.

  By combining the grooving drilling head 18 ′ with the second drilling head 20, the default cut 302 generated during the first cutting operation is used to pry out the residual mineral 310. Furthermore, by creating a well-defined cut 302, the overall required cutting force of the mining machine 10 is reduced.

  Referring now to FIG. 4, a cross-sectional partial view of another exemplary grinding device is shown. Compared to the example shown in FIG. 3, the first excavation head 18 ′ provided in the grinding device 14 of FIG. 4 is the same as that shown in FIG. 3, but the second excavation head 20 ′ is different.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the second tool shaft 36 includes a bevel gear 400 that meshes with a toothed crown gear 252. As a result, the second tool shaft 36 is rotatably driven by the toothed crown gear 252 and rotates about the second rotation shaft 212. Each second drilling head 20 ′ includes a shaft carrier portion 265. The shaft carrier portion 265 is fixedly connected to the second tool shaft 36. Therefore, the shaft carrier portion 265 is also driven to rotate and rotates about the second rotation shaft 212. Each second drilling head 20 ′ further includes a tool carrier portion 266. The tool carrier part 266 is rotatably mounted on the shaft carrier part 265 using a bearing 402. Further, the tool carrier portion 266 can freely rotate around the third rotation shaft 404. The third rotating shaft 404 is displaced toward the second rotating shaft 212 by a predetermined value 406. The predetermined value 406 can be, for example, in a range from about 1 mm to about 10 mm.

  Since the second excavation head 20 ′ having the third rotation axis 404 is displaced toward the second rotation axis 212, the tool carrier portion 266 can freely rotate about the third rotation axis 404. The second rotation shaft 212 is driven to rotate. As a result, when the shaft carrier portion 265 rotates about the second rotation axis 212, the tool carrier portion 266 and the second excavation tool 267 together with it “enter” the mineral 260 as indicated by the arrow 408. . This “rush” into the mineral 260 adds to the previously described compressive and / or tensile strain applied to the mineral 260. In this way, the strength of the mineral 260 is further reduced, so that the excavation process of the grinding device 14 can be further improved.

  Referring now to FIG. 5, a cross-sectional partial view of another exemplary grinding apparatus is shown. In the exemplary grinding apparatus of FIG. 5, the first excavation head 18 'and the second excavation head 20 "are arranged on the same rotational axis. In other words, the first rotating shaft 210 and the second rotating shaft 212 coincide with the rotating shaft 500. Further, the first excavation head 18 ′ is disposed radially outward with respect to the drum shaft 200, and the second excavation head 20 ″ is disposed radially inward with respect to the drum shaft 200. As can be seen in FIG. 5, each first drilling head 18 ′ and each second drilling head 20 ″ are mounted together on a single tool shaft 502. In other words, the first tool shaft 34 and the second tool shaft 36 are coupled to the tool shaft 502. Tool shaft 502 is drivably connected to toothed crown gear 252 via bevel gear 258.

  As can be further confirmed in FIG. 5, the first excavation head 18 ′ is the grooving excavation head already described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4. The second excavation head 20 ″ includes the shaft carrier portion 265 and the tool carrier portion 266 described with reference to FIG. The shaft carrier portion 265 is connected to the tool shaft 502 and connected to the cutting ring 300. The tool carrier portion 266 is mounted on the shaft carrier portion 265 so as to be rotatable, and can freely rotate about the rotation shaft 500 using the bearing holder 402. As the first excavation tool 60 ′ is driven to rotate about the rotation axis 500, the first excavation head 18 ′ makes a cut 504 in the mineral 260. Since the second excavation tool 267 is freely rotatable about the rotation axis 500 and engages with the notch 504 from below the first excavation tool 60 ′, the second excavation head 20 is notched accordingly. Spread 504. With this combination of excavation operations, the excavation performance of the grinding device 14 can be further enhanced.

  Referring now to FIG. 6, a cross-sectional partial view of another exemplary grinding apparatus is shown. In the exemplary grinding device 14 of FIG. 6, the excavation head 18 ″ includes a plurality of grooving rings 600, 602, 604. The plurality of grooved rings 600, 602, 604 are arranged in the axial direction of the first rotating shaft 210. Each grooving die 600, 602, 604 ring has a diameter. Between different grooving rings, the diameter of each grooving ring decreases as the radial distance from the drum shaft 200 increases. Therefore, the grooving rings 600, 602, 604 form a first excavation head 18 "having a conical shape.

  As can be further seen in FIG. 6, the excavation head 20 ″ ″ includes a plurality of disc-shaped rings 606, 608, 610. The plurality of disc-shaped rings 606, 608, 610 are arranged in the axial direction with respect to the second rotation shaft 212. Each disk-shaped ring 606, 608, 610 has a diameter. Between the different disk-shaped rings, the diameter of each disk-shaped ring decreases as the radial distance from the drum shaft 200 increases. Thus, the disc-shaped rings 606, 608, 610 form a second drilling head 20 "" having a conical shape. Further, the diameters of the disk-shaped rings 606, 608, 610 are substantially equal to the diameters of the respective grooved rings 600, 602, 604. That is, the diameter of the smallest disc-shaped ring 606 is substantially equal to the diameter of the smallest grooved ring 600.

  Therefore, each grooving ring 600, 602, 604 inserts notches 612, 614, 616 in mineral 260, and each disk ring 606, 608, 610 fits into each notch 612, 614, 616, thereby Produces a gradual leverage effect on mineral 260.

  By using the multi-row grooving head 18 '', compared to the multi-row drilling head 18 shown in FIG. 2, the depth of the scraped portion, that is, the radial distance 618 with respect to the first rotating shaft 210. Can be increased. Furthermore, by generating a plurality of well-defined cuts 612, 614, 616, the overall required cutting force of the mining machine 10 is reduced.

  Terms such as “about” and “approximately” used herein when referring to measurable values, such as parameters and angles, are designated as long as they are appropriate to practice the disclosed invention. It is intended to accompany fluctuations of ± 10% or less, preferably ± 5% or less, more preferably ± 1% or less. As mentioned above, the term “substantially radially with respect to the drum axis” as used herein means from about 0 degrees to about ± 20 degrees, preferably about ± 1 with respect to the radial direction of the drum axis. Reference is made to first and second axes of rotation that extend at an angle in the range of degrees to about ± 20 degrees, more preferably about ± 1 degrees to about ± 15 degrees.

  The value referred to by the modifier “about” should be understood to be clearly and suitably disclosed as such. The specification of numerical ranges by terminal values includes all numerical values and fractions encompassed within each range, as well as the specified terminal values.

  An exemplary mining machine suitable for the grinding device 14 is, for example, a partial section excavator or a mobile mining machine manufactured by Caterpillar Global Mining Europe Ltd. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the grinding device 14 is suitable for other miners.

  In the following, a procedure for excavating minerals, in particular hard rock minerals, will be described in association with the embodiment shown in FIGS.

  First, the grinding drum 15 is rotated around the drum shaft 200 by the first hub gear 246. The grinding drum 15 is turned in a direction toward the mineral 260, so that the first excavation tool 60 is engaged with the mineral 260. Accordingly, the second hub gear 248 is actuated to drive the toothed crown gear 252 that meshes with the bevel gear 258. Thereby, the 1st tool shaft 34 and the 1st excavation head 18 with it are rotated centering on the 1st rotating shaft 210. FIG.

  Next, when the first excavation head 18 rotates, the first excavation heads 60, 60 ′ engage with the mineral 260 and perform a first cutting operation on the mineral 260, thereby the first used. Depending on the type of the drilling head 18, 18 ″, the cut-off portion 262, the cut 302, or the plurality of cuts 612, 614, 616 are formed.

  Next, during the simultaneous rotation of the grinding drum 15, the second excavation tool 267 mounted on the second excavation head 20 is engaged with the mineral 260. Since the maximum radial distance 284, 280 of the second drilling tool 267 is approximately equal to the maximum radial distance 286, 282 of the first drilling tool 60, 60 ', the second drilling tool 267 is the first drilling tool It fits in the same area of the mineral 260 as 60 and 60 '. Therefore, the second excavation tool 267 performs the second excavation operation with substantially the same area as the area of the mineral 260 on which the first excavation tools 60 and 60 ′ have performed the first excavation operation.

  The second excavation tool 267 includes a smooth contact area 268 that contacts the mineral 260 during rotation of the grinding drum 15. Since the second excavation tool 267 does not include a sharp edge portion like the first excavation tools 60 and 60 ', the second excavation tool 267 performs a second excavation operation different from the first cutting operation. Furthermore, since the smooth contact region 268 includes a bevel portion 278 that extends at an angle α with respect to a plane portion 276 that is substantially equal to the angle β between the radial direction 220 and the second rotation axis 212, the bevel portion 278 itself In contact with the mineral 260 over substantially the entire surface area of the surface. In this way, since the bevel part 278 applies a plane compressive force to the mineral 260, a plane compressive strain is generated on the mineral 260. Therefore, the second excavation operation is an obtuse pressure operation that further reduces the strength of the mineral 260 by reacting with the tensile strength of the mineral 260. The bevel 278 provides a lateral support for the grinding device 14 in addition to the blunt action. This lateral support reduces the vibration of the mining machine 10 and also serves to limit the penetration depth of the first excavation tools 60, 60 'in the mineral 260, as already described.

  If a grooving head 18 'is used (see FIG. 3), the second excavation operation is not limited to blunt operation and increases the impact on the mineral 260. For example, the smooth contact region 268 is shaped such that the radially outer surface 270 and the side surface 272 fit with the incision 302 generated during the first cutting operation. While the grinding drum 15 is rotating toward the mineral 260, the mated second excavation tool 267 acts like a lever from within the notch 302, thereby compressing strain from within the notch 302. Convert to tensile strain acting on 260.

  If the first drilling head 18 ′ and the second drilling head 20 ″ are mounted on the same tool shaft 502, the first and second drilling operations are concomitantly applied to the mineral 260.

  When the first excavation head 18 ′ and the second excavation head 20 ′ are used (see FIG. 4), the second excavation tool 267 is rotated about the second rotation axis 212. Driven by rotation. As a result, the second excavation operation further includes a “rush” effect on the mineral 260.

  In general, the first drilling head 18, 18 ′ can be combined with the second drilling head 20, 20 ′, 20 ″ in any suitable manner as long as the impact on the mineral 260 is increased to improve the drilling process. be able to.

  Each second drilling head 20, 20 ′, 20 ″ is shown with only a single second drilling tool 267, but the second drilling head 20, 20 ′, 20 ″ May comprise a plurality of second drilling tools 267, such as in the case of a multi-row drilling head 18. Thus, in some embodiments, the second drilling head 20, 20 ′, 20 ′ may correspond to the first drilling head 18, but instead of the first drilling tool 60 having a sharp edge. A second excavation tool 267 can be provided.

  While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein, improvements and modifications can be incorporated without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Claims (15)

A grinding device (14) for excavating mineral (260) comprising:
A grinding drum (15) rotatable about a drum axis (200);
A first group of excavations disposed around the grinding drum (15) and driven to rotate about a first rotational axis (210) extending generally radially with respect to the drum axis (200). Head (18, 18 ', 18'');
A second group of excavation heads, which are arranged around the grinding drum (15) and are rotatable about a second rotational axis (212) extending substantially radially with respect to the drum axis (200). 20, 20 ′, 20 ″, 20 ′ ″);
With
The first group of drilling heads (18, 18 ′, 18 ″) includes a plurality of first drilling tools (60, 60 ′) configured to perform a first cutting action;
A plurality of excavation tools configured such that the second group of excavation heads (20, 20 ′, 20 ″, 20 ′ ″) perform a second excavation operation different from the first cutting operation. Including (267),
Grinding device (14).   The grinding apparatus (14) according to claim 1, wherein the second excavation operation is an obtuse pressure operation that counteracts the tensile strength of the mineral (260).   The grinding apparatus (14) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second excavation tool (267) comprises a disc shape having a smooth contact area (268) configured to perform the second excavation operation. . The smooth contact area (268) includes a conical cross-sectional shape in a plane including the second rotation axis (212), and the conical cross-sectional shape is
A radially outer surface (270) relative to the drum shaft (200);
A side surface (272) having a diameter that increases in a radially outward direction relative to the drum shaft (200);
A blunt edge (274) connecting the side (272) and the radially outer surface (270);
The grinding apparatus (14) of claim 1, further comprising:   The radially outer surface (270) includes a flat portion (276) radially inward with respect to the second rotational axis (212), and radially outward with respect to the second rotational axis (212). The grinding apparatus (14) according to claim 4, comprising a bevel portion (278). The radial direction (220) of the second rotating shaft (212) and the drum shaft (200) defines a first angle (α);
The bevel portion (278) and the planar portion (276) define a second angle (α);
The second angle (β) is substantially equal to the first angle (α);
Grinding device (14) according to claim 5.   The first group of drilling heads (18, 18 ′, 18 ″) and the second group of drilling heads (20, 20 ′, 20 ″ ′) alternate around the periphery of the grinding drum (15). A grinding device (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, arranged in The first excavation tool (60, 60 ') includes a first maximum radial distance (286) from the first axis of rotation (210);
The second excavation tool (267) includes a second maximum radial distance (284) from the second axis of rotation (212);
The second maximum radial distance (284) is approximately equal to the first maximum radial distance (286);
Grinding device (14) according to any one of the preceding claims. The first excavation tool (60, 60 ') includes a first maximum radial distance (282) from the drum shaft (200);
The second drilling tool (267) includes a second maximum radial distance (280) from the drum shaft (200);
The second maximum radial distance (280) is approximately equal to the first maximum radial distance (282);
Grinding device (14) according to any one of the preceding claims.   The second group of excavation heads (20 ′) includes a shaft carrier portion (265) disposed radially inward with respect to the drum shaft (200), and a radial direction with respect to the drum shaft (200). A tool carrier portion (266) disposed on the outside, and the shaft carrier portion (265) is driven to rotate about the second rotation axis (212), and the tool carrier portion ( 266) is configured to accommodate the second excavation tool, the tool carrier portion (266) is further rotatably mounted on the shaft carrier portion (265), and a third rotating shaft ( 404) and the third rotation axis (404) is offset from the second rotation axis (212) by a predetermined value (406). Grinding equipment according to item (14). The first group of excavation heads (18 '') includes a plurality of incision cutting rings (600, 602, 604) arranged in an axial direction of the first rotation shaft (210), A plurality of incision cutting rings (600, 602, 604) each containing a first drilling tool (60, 60 ');
The second group of excavation heads (20 ′ ″) is a plurality of disc-shaped rings (606, 608, 610) arranged in the axial direction of the second rotation shaft (212), Each of the second excavation tools (267) and is configured to mate with cuts (612, 614, 616) created by the respective grooving rings (600, 602, 604). Including a plurality of disc-shaped rings (606, 608, 610),
Grinding device (14) according to any one of the preceding claims.   The first rotation axis (210) is identical to the second rotation axis (212), and the first excavation tool (60, 60 ') is radially outward with respect to the drum axis (200). The grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second excavation tool (267) is arranged radially inward with respect to the drum shaft (200). (14). A grinding drum (15) rotatable around a drum axis (200) and a plurality of first excavation tools (60, 60 ') driven to rotate around a first rotation axis (210) A first group of excavating heads (18, 18 ′, 18 ″) to be accommodated and rotatable about a second axis of rotation (212), said first excavating tool (60, 60 ′); A grinding device (14) comprising a second group of drilling heads (20, 20 ′, 20 ″, 20 ″ ′) containing a plurality of different second drilling tools (267), The first group of excavation heads (18, 18 ′, 18 ″) and the second group of excavation heads (20, 20 ′, 20 ″, 20 ′ ″) are disposed on the grinding drum (15). A method for drilling minerals (260) using grinding devices (14) arranged alternately around the periphery:
By rotating the grinding drum (15) about the drum shaft (200) in the direction toward the mineral (260), the first excavation tool (60, 60 ') is fitted with the mineral (260). Combining them;
The first excavation tool (60, 60 ') is rotated by concomitantly rotating the first group of excavation heads (18, 18', 18 '') about the first rotational axis (210). ) To perform the first cutting operation;
Mating the second excavation tool (267) with the mineral (260) by further rotating the grinding drum (15) in the direction toward the mineral (260);
Performing a second excavation operation different from the first cutting operation using the second excavation tool (267);
Including methods.   14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first cutting operation and the second excavation operation are performed on the same area of the mineral (260). The second excavation operation is
Performing the blunt action on the (260) mineral (260) to counteract the tensile strength of the mineral (260);
Mating the first excavation tool (267) with the notch (302) generated in the second excavation tool (260) during the first cutting operation;
Scraping the residual mineral (310) by further rotating the grinding drum (15) in the direction towards the mineral (260);
15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, further comprising:

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