JP2019502418A - 組織を分類するための反射モードマルチスペクトル時間分解型光学撮像の方法および装置 - Google Patents
組織を分類するための反射モードマルチスペクトル時間分解型光学撮像の方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本開示に記載された研究のいくつかは、米国保健福祉省の事前準備対応次官補局内にある生物医学先端研究開発局の認可の下、米国政府による助成(契約番号HHSO100201300022C)を受けて行われた。米国政府は、本発明について一定の権利を有しうる。
本明細書に記載される本発明の態様のいくつかは、光学撮像を用いて組織を分類するために使用することのできる装置および方法に関する。傷ついた組織を分類することのできる非侵襲的撮像技術、特に、創傷の重症度評価による迅速なトリアージを容易にし、治療開始前、治療中、および/または治療後に、治癒の進行を監視できる技術が、長年にわたり必要とされてきた。そのような必要性の一例として、日常的な熱傷のケアおよび/または集団的な熱傷のケアにおいて、トリアージを行って重症度を評価するために使用することのできる、より良い撮像技術に対する要望が挙げられる。
切断のための組織分類
複数のデータセンターを含み、データセンターのそれぞれが1以上の物理的コンピュータシステムを含み、物理的コンピュータシステムが1以上の仮想デスクトップインスタンスを実行するよう設定可能であり、仮想デスクトップインスタンスがそれぞれ1以上のアプリケーションを実行するよう設定可能なオペレーティングシステムを含むコンピュータ環境に関連付けられ、PESのユーザのコンピュータデバイスがネットワーク経由で仮想デスクトップインスタンスにアクセス可能であることを特徴とするプログラム実行サービス(PES)の制御下で、
PESとユーザの第1のコンピュータデバイスとの間の双方向接続を形成すること、
PES上で、前記第1のコンピュータデバイスからの、組織の状態に関するデータを含む動的ライブラリとの同期リクエストを受信すること、
前記動的ライブラリが1以上のコンピュータデバイスと同期されるか否かを示すファイルメタデータにアクセスすること、
前記ファイルメタデータに少なくとも一部基づいて、前記動的ライブラリが前記第1のコンピュータデバイスと同期されるか否かを決定すること、および
前記動的ライブラリが前記第1のコンピュータデバイスと同期されるという決定に応じて、前記双方向接続を利用して前期動的ライブラリを前記第1のコンピュータデバイスと同期させること
を含み、
同期された動的ライブラリが第1のコンピュータデバイス上にローカルに保存され、PESと第1のコンピュータデバイスとの双方向接続を用いずにアクセス可能であることを特徴とする。
本明細書で開示される代替案は、対象の組織を特定、評価、および/または分類するためのシステムおよび技術に関する。代替案のいくつかは、組織を分類するための装置および方法に関し、該装置は光学撮像要素を含む。本明細書に記載される代替案のいくつかは、実装されることによって本明細書で提供される組織分類法のいくつかを実行できる、反射モードマルチスペクトル時間分解型光学撮像のソフトウェアおよびハードウェアに関する。
図1Aおよび1Bは、本発明の代替案の一例である。これらの図に示された装置は、熱傷を有する対象の全身を評価するのに特に適している。この装置は、差し迫った治療の必要条件に関する臨床的決定がなされる熱傷のトリアージにおいて特に有用である。この実施例において、プローブ100は、1以上の光源、ここでは4つの光源101、104、118、120と、画像取得装置102とを有する。光源101、104、118、120は、組織領域、ここでは組織103を照射するが、プローブ100に向かい合った対象の体表全体が照射されると有利である。別の代替案において、前記1以上の光源は、発光ダイオード(LED)、ハロゲンランプ、タングステンランプ、または他の照射技術であってもよい。1以上の光源は、白色光またはユーザの所望に応じて選択される1以上のスペクトルバンドにわたる光を放射してもよい。
1.実験
1.1 実施例1:組織ファントムおよび動物モデルにおける、スポットライト照射および平面照射を使用した実験
1.1.1 材料および方法
1.1.1.a. 照射モジュール
1.1.1.a.i. 単一LED
1.1.1.a.ii. タングステン電球
1.1.1.a.iii. 高出力LEDエミッタ
1.1.1.b. システムの構成
1.1.1.c. ファントム
1.1.1.d. 動物モデル
1.1.1.e. 画素による比較
1.1.2. 結果
1.1.2.a. 照射パターンの評価
1.1.2.b. ファントムにおける結果
1.1.2.c. 動物における結果
1.1.3. 結論
1.2. 実施例2:ブタ熱傷モデルを用いた壊死組織除去における、マルチスペクトル撮像による順次特徴付けに関する実験
1.2.1. 材料および方法
1.2.1.a. 熱傷モデルおよび研究のプロトコル
1.2.1.b. 機器およびデータの解析
1.2.1.c. 統計的解析
1.2.2. 理論
1.2.3. 結果
1.2.3.a. 組織学
1.2.3.b. 熱傷の分類実験
1.2.4. 考察
1.2.5. 結論
1.3. 実施例3:ブタ深達性中間層熱傷モデルにPPGおよびMSIを用いた実験
1.3.1. 方法
1.3.1.a. フォトプレチスモグラフィ撮像装置
1.3.1.b. マルチスペクトル撮像装置
1.3.1.c. ブタモデル
1.3.1.d. 生存創傷床の特定
1.3.1.e. マルチスペクトル撮像のための分類アルゴリズム
1.3.1.f. 統計および画像処理
1.3.2. 結果
1.3.2.a. 熱傷の作製およびその深さ
1.3.2.b. フォトプレチスモグラフィ撮像
1.3.2.c. マルチスペクトル撮像
1.3.3 結論
1.3.3.a. 実務への適用可能性
1.4. 実施例4:外れ値の検出と除去によって熱傷診断撮像装置の精度を改善するための実験
1.4.1. マルチスペクトル撮像の応用
1.4.2 外れ値の検出および除去
2. 手法
2.1 ハードウェアおよび撮像および動物モデル
2.2 トレーニングデータの収集および分類アルゴリズム
2.3 外れ値の検出
3. 結果
3.1 外れ値の検出
3.2 動物モデルの結果
4. 結論
切断に関する例示的実施形態の概要
アプローチ
予備的研究
前臨床熱傷モデル
パイロット臨床試験(実現可能性試験)
要約および考察
実験計画および方法:第I相 パイロット臨床試験
実験の計画および方法 第II相
PPVについて
H0:PPVDeepView=PPVclinical judgement
H1:PPVDeepView>PPVclinical judgement
NPVについて
H0:NPVDeepView=NPVclinical judgement
H1:NPVDeepView>NPVclinical judgement
性能例の概要
1. Deep Viewの出力
2. 最大/平均
3. 平均からの標準偏差
4. 交差数
5. SNR 小近傍
6. 改善されたSNR
7. 正規化された照射
8. 正規化されたDeepView画像
9. 標準偏差
10. 歪度
11. 尖度
12. X勾配
13. Y勾配
14. 勾配の標準偏差
1. 実画像
2. 正規化された実画像
3. 歪度
4. 尖度
5. X勾配
6. Y勾配
7. X勾配の標準偏差
8. 小近傍領域
9. 正規化された小近傍領域
10. 大近傍領域
11. 正規化された大近傍領域
1. MSIλ1
2. MSIλ2
3. MSIλ3
4. MSIλ4
5. MSIλ5
6. MSIλ6
7. MSIλ7
8. MSIλ8
熱傷の例示的手術における撮像および信号処理の概要
I. 序論
II. 実験の説明
III. 技術的アプローチ
A. PPG出力の前処理
B.特徴の定義
C. グラウンドトゥルース画像の定義
D. クラシファイヤ
IV. 結果
・健康な皮膚:青
・生存創傷床:緑
・浅い熱傷:オレンジ
・深い熱傷:茶
・R:再構成率
その実際のクラスに属する画素が、その決定されたクラスに分類される確率P(決定されたクラス/実際のクラス)。これは、感度としても知られる。
・r:認識率
その決定されたクラスに分類される画素が、その実際のクラスに属する確率P(実際のクラス/決定されたクラス)。これは、精度としても知られる。
・C:組み合わせ率
画素が、その決定されたクラスに分類され、実際にそのクラスに属する確率P(実際のクラス\決定されたクラス)。
・e:推定指数
再構成率と認識率との差
V. 結論
例示的実施形態におけるMSI用の波長領域の概説
αi=α0×i/m
αiはt検定iのための有意水準であり、α0は選択された有意水準、ここでは0.05であり、iは昇順のリスト中の特定のp値の指標であり、mはp値の総数であり、この実験設定では2048であった。第1および第2のデータセットについてこの計算を行った結果を、それぞれ図76A−76Bおよび77A−77Bに示す。
システムの実装および用語
Claims (21)
- 組織を分類するためのシステムであって、
複数の発光エミッタ(光源)と、光検出要素と、これらと通信する1以上のプロセッサとを有し、
前記複数の発光エミッタが、第1の組織領域および第2の組織領域を照射するために、複数の波長の光を順次放出するよう構成され、該複数の発光エミッタのそれぞれが空間的に均一な光を放出するよう構成され、該複数の波長の光が、第1の波長領域内または第2の波長領域内にあり、第1の波長領域が第2の波長領域と不連続かつ第2の波長領域よりも低いこと、
前記光検出要素が、第1の組織領域または第2の組織領域の少なくとも一部から、前記複数の発光エミッタから放出されて該第1の組織領域または第2の組織領域の一部から反射された光を収集するよう構成されていること、ならびに
前記1以上のプロセッサが、
前記複数の波長の光のそれぞれを順次放出するように前記複数の発光エミッタを制御し、
前記光検出要素から、前記複数の波長で順次放出されて前記第1の組織領域の一部から反射された光を示す複数の信号の第1のサブセットと、前記複数の波長で順次放出されて前記第2の組織領域の一部から反射された光を示す複数の信号の第2のサブセットとを有する、複数の信号を受信し、
前記複数の信号にマルチスペクトル撮像処理を適用し、
前記マルチスペクトル撮像処理に少なくとも一部基づいて、前記第1の組織領域の一部と前記第2の組織領域の一部の組織の差を特定し、かつ
前記組織の差に少なくとも一部基づいて、前記第1の組織領域の一部と前記第2の組織領域の一部を分類するよう構成されていること
を特徴とするシステム。 - 光ファイバープローブをさらに含み、前記光検出要素が該光ファイバープローブの第1のファイバーを含み、前記複数の発光エミッタが該光ファイバープローブのさらなる複数のファイバーを含む、請求項1に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記第1のファイバーが画像センサーまたは分光計とデータ通信し、前記さらなる複数のファイバーが光源からの複数の波長の光を受光する、請求項2に記載の組織分類システム。
- 照射されている第1の組織領域および第2の組織領域からの周囲光を遮蔽するよう配置されたシールドをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記第1の波長領域が400nm〜500nmであり、前記第2の波長領域が720nm〜1000nmである、請求項1に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記複数の信号の前記第1のサブセットが第1の時系列における複数の異なる時点に対応し、前記複数の信号の前記第2のサブセットが第2の時系列における複数の異なる時点に対応する、請求項1に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記1以上のプロセッサが、前記複数の信号にフォトプレチスモグラフィ処理を適用することによって前記第1の組織領域の一部および第2の組織領域の一部の血液灌流を算出するよう構成されている、請求項6に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記1以上のプロセッサが、さらに前記血液灌流に少なくとも一部基づいて、前記第1の組織領域の一部と前記第2の組織領域の一部を分類するよう構成されている、請求項7に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記1以上のプロセッサが、前記第1の組織領域を健康な皮膚として分類し、前記第2の組織領域を熱傷として分類する、請求項1に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記第1の波長領域が450nm〜525nmであり、前記第2の波長領域が700nm〜925nmである、請求項9に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記1以上のプロセッサが、前記第1の組織領域を切除された皮膚として分類し、前記第2の組織領域を熱傷として分類する、請求項1に記載の組織分類システム。
- 前記第1の波長領域が400nm〜450nmまたは525nm〜580nmであり、前記第2の波長領域が610nm〜1050nmである、請求項11に記載の組織分類システム。
- 組織を分類する方法であって、1以上のプロセッサによって
第1の組織領域および第2の組織領域を照射するために、それぞれが空間的に均一な光を放出するよう構成された複数の光源を、第2の波長領域よりも低く第2の波長領域と不連続な第1の波長領域内または第2の波長領域内にある複数の波長の光が順次放出されるよう制御すること、
光検出要素を介して、第1の組織領域および第2の組織領域それぞれの少なくとも一部から、第1の組織領域の一部または第2の組織領域の一部から反射された複数の光の波長のうち1つをそれぞれ示す複数の信号を受信すること、
前記複数の信号にマルチスペクトル撮像処理を適用することによって、前記第1の組織領域の一部と前記第2の組織領域の一部の組織の差を特定すること、ならびに
前記組織の差に少なくとも一部基づいて、前記第1の組織領域の一部と前記第2の組織領域の一部を分類すること
を含む方法。 - 前記第1の波長領域が400nm〜500nmであり、前記第2の波長領域が720nm〜1000nmである、請求項13に記載の組織分類方法。
- 光ファイバープローブが前記複数の光源および前記光検出要素を含む、請求項13に記載の組織分類方法。
- 前記第1の組織領域が健康な皮膚を含み、前記第2の組織領域が熱傷を含み、前記第2の組織領域の一部を分類することが、熱傷の程度を特定することを含む、請求項13に記載の組織分類方法。
- 前記1以上のプロセッサが、前記熱傷の程度に基づいて、該熱傷を囲む領域で必要とされる切除の回数を特定するようさらに構成されている、請求項16に記載の組織分類方法。
- 前記第1の組織領域が切除された組織を含み、前記第2の組織領域が熱傷を含み、前記第2の組織領域の一部を分類することが、熱傷の程度を特定することを含む、請求項13に記載の組織分類方法。
- 前記1以上のプロセッサが、前記熱傷の程度に基づいて、該熱傷を囲む領域で必要とされるさらなる切除の回数を特定するようさらに構成されている、請求項18に記載の組織分類方法。
- 前記複数の信号にフォトプレチスモグラフィ処理を適用することによって前記第1の組織領域の一部および第2の組織領域の一部の血液灌流を算出することをさらに含む、請求項13に記載の組織分類方法。
- 前記第1の組織領域の一部と前記第2の組織領域の一部を分類することが、さらに前記血液灌流に少なくとも一部基づくものである、請求項20に記載の組織分類方法。
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KR20180078272A (ko) | 2018-07-09 |
CN108471949B (zh) | 2021-11-12 |
EP3367887A1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
KR102634161B1 (ko) | 2024-02-05 |
JP6785307B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
EP3367887A4 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
WO2017074505A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
CN108471949A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
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