JP2019183242A - Copper powder - Google Patents
Copper powder Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019183242A JP2019183242A JP2018077728A JP2018077728A JP2019183242A JP 2019183242 A JP2019183242 A JP 2019183242A JP 2018077728 A JP2018077728 A JP 2018077728A JP 2018077728 A JP2018077728 A JP 2018077728A JP 2019183242 A JP2019183242 A JP 2019183242A
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 224
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 triazole compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ALKZAGKDWUSJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinuclear copper ion Chemical compound [Cu].[Cu] ALKZAGKDWUSJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012764 semi-quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZUHEGMJQWJCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(2h-benzotriazol-4-ylmethyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC2=NNN=C2C(CN(CC=2C3=NNN=C3C=CC=2)C(=O)N)=C1 AZUHEGMJQWJCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZRRRFSJFQTGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trithione Chemical compound S=C1NC(=S)NC(=S)N1 WZRRRFSJFQTGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzotriazole-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORWQBKPSGDRPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-[ethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]-1h-indol-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(CCN(C)CC)=CNC2=C1 ORWQBKPSGDRPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical compound NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017770 Cu—Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017827 Cu—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017876 Cu—Ni—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017945 Cu—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018100 Ni-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018532 Ni—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、銅粉に関する。 The present invention relates to copper powder.
銅粉は、様々な焼結製品の製造に使用される。例えば、焼結含油軸受、焼結機械部品、金属黒鉛刷子（電刷子）、電磁波シールド（ＥＭＩ）用導電塗料等の分野における用途に加え、近年では、材料を付加しながら立体形状を造形していく造形加工方法ＡＭ （Ａｄｄｉｔｉｖｅ Ｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ， ３Ｄ ｐｒｉｎｔｉｎｇ）の金属粉にも使用される。銅粉は、例えば電気分解を利用して陰極に樹枝状に析出したものを電解銅粉として製造することができる（特許文献１）。 Copper powder is used in the manufacture of various sintered products. For example, in addition to applications in the fields of sintered oil-impregnated bearings, sintered machine parts, metallic graphite brushes (electric brushes), electromagnetic paints (EMI), etc., in recent years, three-dimensional shapes have been formed while adding materials. It is also used in metal powders for various modeling methods AM (Additive Manufacturing, 3D printing). The copper powder can be produced, for example, as an electrolytic copper powder by dendritic deposition on the cathode using electrolysis (Patent Document 1).
銅粉は、酸素が含まれる雰囲気下、例えば大気中において保存する場合、酸素と反応して表面が酸化により変色する問題がある。銅粉が変色すると、その外観が劣るだけでなく、場合によっては焼結製品の製造に支障をきたすことさえある。特に、温暖化の影響で夏季の気温が従来よりも高くなっているので、銅粉の表面酸化による変色という問題を解決する要請が高まっている。 When the copper powder is stored in an atmosphere containing oxygen, for example, in the air, there is a problem that the surface reacts with oxygen and discolors due to oxidation. When the copper powder is discolored, not only does its appearance deteriorate, but in some cases it may even interfere with the production of the sintered product. In particular, since summer temperatures are higher than before due to the effects of global warming, there is an increasing demand to solve the problem of discoloration due to surface oxidation of copper powder.
そこで、本発明は、酸化による変色が起こりにくい銅粉を提供することを課題とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a copper powder that is unlikely to undergo discoloration due to oxidation.
本発明者は、鋭意検討の結果、銅粉の表面明度Ｌ*を一定以上とすることにより、酸化反応を抑制することができることを見出して、本発明に到達した。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the oxidation reaction can be suppressed by setting the surface brightness L * of the copper powder to a certain level or more, and have reached the present invention.
そこで、本発明は、以下のように特定される。
（１）表面の明度Ｌ*が４６．３以上である銅粉。
（２）空気雰囲気下において、４０℃、相対湿度（ＲＨ）８５％で４日間放置した後に、表面の明度Ｌ*が３０．０以上である（１）に記載の銅粉。
（３）前記銅粉が電解銅粉である（１）又は（２）に記載の銅粉。
（４）レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０が０．００１〜３００μｍである（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載の銅粉。
（５）レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０が１２０μｍ以下である（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載の銅粉。
（６）レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０が５０μｍ以下である（１）〜（５）のいずれかに記載の銅粉。
（７）レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０が４０μｍ以下である（１）〜（６）のいずれかに記載の銅粉。
（８）レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０が３０μｍ以下である（１）〜（７）のいずれかに記載の銅粉。
（９）レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０が２０μｍ以下である（１）〜（８）のいずれかに記載の銅粉。
（１０）レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０が１５μｍ以下である（１）〜（９）のいずれかに記載の銅粉。
（１１）防錆層を有する（１）〜（１０）のいずれかに記載の銅粉。
（１２）前記防錆層が有機物を含む（１１）に記載の銅粉。
（１３）前記有機物がトリアゾール化合物を含む（１２）に記載の銅粉。
（１４）（１）〜（１３）のいずれかに記載の銅粉を用いて焼結製品を製造する方法。
Therefore, the present invention is specified as follows.
(1) Copper powder having a surface lightness L * of 46.3 or more.
(2) The copper powder according to (1), wherein the lightness L * of the surface is 30.0 or more after standing for 4 days at 40 ° C. and relative humidity (RH) 85% in an air atmosphere.
(3) The copper powder according to (1) or (2), wherein the copper powder is an electrolytic copper powder.
(4) The copper powder according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein an integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method is 0.001 to 300 μm.
(5) The copper powder according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein an integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method is 120 μm or less.
(6) The copper powder according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein an integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method is 50 μm or less.
(7) The copper powder according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein an integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method is 40 μm or less.
(8) The copper powder according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein an integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method is 30 μm or less.
(9) The copper powder according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein an integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method is 20 μm or less.
(10) The copper powder according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein an integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method is 15 μm or less.
(11) The copper powder according to any one of (1) to (10), which has a rust prevention layer.
(12) The copper powder according to (11), wherein the rust prevention layer contains an organic substance.
(13) The copper powder according to (12), wherein the organic substance includes a triazole compound.
(14) A method for producing a sintered product using the copper powder according to any one of (1) to (13).
本発明によれば、酸化しにくく、防錆に優れた銅粉を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a copper powder that is hardly oxidized and excellent in rust prevention.
以下に本発明を実施の態様をあげて詳細に説明する。ただし、本発明は以下にあげる具体的な実施の態様に限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.
［銅粉の製造］
本発明の銅粉は、銅又は銅合金からなるものである。そのため、本発明において単に「銅粉」と称する場合、銅又は銅合金からなる粉を含むものを指すものである。
[Manufacture of copper powder]
The copper powder of the present invention is made of copper or a copper alloy. Therefore, in the present invention, when simply referred to as “copper powder”, it means a powder containing powder made of copper or a copper alloy.
銅としては、典型的には、ＪＩＳ Ｈ０５００やＪＩＳ Ｈ３１００に規定されるリン脱酸銅（ＪＩＳ Ｈ３１００ 合金番号Ｃ１２０１、Ｃ１２２０、Ｃ１２２１）、無酸素銅（ＪＩＳ Ｈ３１００ 合金番号Ｃ１０２０）及びタフピッチ銅（ＪＩＳ Ｈ３１００ 合金番号Ｃ１１００）に規格されている組成を有する銅、及び、電解銅粉などの銅濃度が９５質量％以上、より好ましくは９９．９０質量％以上である銅が挙げられる。Ｓｎ、Ａｇ、Ａｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｉｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐ、Ｓｉ、Ｔｅ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｂ、ＭｎおよびＺｒの中の一種以上を合計で０．００１〜４．０質量％含有する銅又は銅合金とすることもできる。 Typical examples of copper include phosphorus deoxidized copper (JIS H3100 alloy numbers C1201, C1220, C1221), oxygen-free copper (JIS H3100 alloy number C1020) and tough pitch copper (JIS H3100) as defined in JIS H0500 and JIS H3100. Copper having a composition specified in Alloy No. C1100) and copper having a copper concentration of 95% by mass or more, more preferably 99.90% by mass or more, such as electrolytic copper powder. 0.001-4.0 mass% in total containing at least one of Sn, Ag, Au, Co, Cr, Fe, In, Ni, P, Si, Te, Ti, Zn, B, Mn and Zr Copper or copper alloy can also be used.
銅合金としては、例えばＣｕ−Ｓｎ−Ｚｎ合金、Ｃｕ−Ｚｎ合金、Ｃｕ−Ｎｉ−Ｓｎ合金、Ｃｕ−Ｔｉ合金、Ｃｕ−Ｆｅ合金、Ｃｕ−Ｎｉ−Ｓｉ合金、Ｃｕ−Ａｇ合金等をあげることができる。また、銅合金としてはＣｕ―８Ｓｎ―０．５Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ−３Ｓｎ−０．０５Ｐ等をあげることができる。 Examples of copper alloys include Cu—Sn—Zn alloys, Cu—Zn alloys, Cu—Ni—Sn alloys, Cu—Ti alloys, Cu—Fe alloys, Cu—Ni—Si alloys, Cu—Ag alloys, and the like. Can do. Examples of the copper alloy include Cu-8Sn-0.5Zn and Cu-3Sn-0.05P.
銅合金としては、更に、リン青銅、コルソン合金、丹銅、黄銅、洋白、その他銅合金等が挙げられる。また、銅または銅合金としてはＪＩＳ Ｈ３１００〜ＪＩＳ Ｈ３５１０、ＪＩＳ Ｈ５１２０、ＪＩＳ Ｈ５１２１、ＪＩＳ Ｃ２５２０〜ＪＩＳ Ｃ２８０１、ＪＩＳ Ｅ２１０１〜ＪＩＳ Ｅ２１０２に規格されている銅または銅合金も、本発明に用いることができる。なお、本明細書においては特に断らない限りは、金属の規格を示すために挙げたＪＩＳ規格は２００１年度版のＪＩＳ規格を意味する。 Examples of the copper alloy further include phosphor bronze, corson alloy, red brass, brass, white and other copper alloys. Moreover, as copper or a copper alloy, copper or a copper alloy standardized in JIS H3100 to JIS H3510, JIS H5120, JIS H5121, JIS C2520 to JIS C2801, and JIS E2101 to JIS E2102 can also be used in the present invention. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the JIS standard listed to indicate the metal standard means the 2001 version of the JIS standard.
リン青銅は典型的には、リン青銅とは銅を主成分としてＳｎ及びこれよりも少ない質量のＰを含有する銅合金のことを指す。一例として、リン青銅はＳｎを３．５〜１１質量％、Ｐを０．０３〜０．３５質量％含有し、残部銅及び不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する。リン青銅は、Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ等の元素を合計で１０．０質量％以下含有しても良い。 Phosphor bronze typically refers to a copper alloy containing copper as a main component and Sn and a lower mass of P. As an example, phosphor bronze contains Sn in an amount of 3.5 to 11% by mass and P in an amount of 0.03 to 0.35% by mass, and has a composition composed of the remaining copper and inevitable impurities. Phosphor bronze may contain 10.0% by mass or less of elements such as Ni and Zn in total.
コルソン合金は典型的にはＳｉと化合物を形成する元素（例えば、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ及びＣｒの何れか一種以上）が添加され、母相中に第二相粒子として析出する銅合金のことをいう。一例として、コルソン合金はＮｉを０．５〜４．０質量％、Ｓｉを０．１〜１．３質量％含有し、残部銅及び不可避的不純物から構成される組成を有する。別の一例として、コルソン合金はＮｉを０．５〜４．０質量％、Ｓｉを０．１〜１．３質量％、Ｃｒを０．０３〜０．５質量％含有し、残部銅及び不可避的不純物から構成される組成を有する。更に別の一例として、コルソン合金はＮｉを０．５〜４．０質量％、Ｓｉを０．１〜１．３質量％、Ｃｏを０．５〜２．５質量％含有し、残部銅及び不可避的不純物から構成される組成を有する。更に別の一例として、コルソン合金はＮｉを０．５〜４．０質量％、Ｓｉを０．１〜１．３質量％、Ｃｏを０．５〜２．５質量％、Ｃｒを０．０３〜０．５質量％含有し、残部銅及び不可避的不純物から構成される組成を有する。更に別の一例として、コルソン合金はＳｉを０．２〜１．３質量％、Ｃｏを０．５〜２．５質量％含有し、残部銅及び不可避的不純物から構成される組成を有する。コルソン合金には随意にその他の元素（例えば、Ｍｇ、Ｓｎ、Ｂ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ａｇ、Ｐ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｅ、Ｚｒ、Ａｌ及びＦｅ）が添加されてもよい。これらその他の元素は総計で５．０質量％程度まで添加するのが一般的である。例えば、更に別の一例として、コルソン合金はＮｉを０．５〜４．０質量％、Ｓｉを０．１〜１．３質量％、Ｓｎを０．０１〜２．０質量％、Ｚｎを０．０１〜２．０質量％含有し、残部銅及び不可避的不純物から構成される組成を有する。 A Corson alloy typically refers to a copper alloy to which an element that forms a compound with Si (for example, any one or more of Ni, Co, and Cr) is added and precipitates as second phase particles in the matrix. As an example, the Corson alloy contains 0.5 to 4.0% by mass of Ni and 0.1 to 1.3% by mass of Si, and has a composition composed of the balance copper and inevitable impurities. As another example, the Corson alloy contains 0.5 to 4.0% by mass of Ni, 0.1 to 1.3% by mass of Si and 0.03 to 0.5% by mass of Cr, with the balance being copper and inevitable The composition is composed of mechanical impurities. As yet another example, the Corson alloy contains 0.5 to 4.0 mass% Ni, 0.1 to 1.3 mass% Si, 0.5 to 2.5 mass% Co, the balance copper and It has a composition composed of inevitable impurities. As another example, the Corson alloy has a Ni content of 0.5 to 4.0 mass%, a Si content of 0.1 to 1.3 mass%, a Co content of 0.5 to 2.5 mass%, and a Cr content of 0.03. It has a composition composed of ˜0.5% by mass and the balance copper and inevitable impurities. As yet another example, the Corson alloy contains 0.2 to 1.3% by mass of Si and 0.5 to 2.5% by mass of Co, and has a composition composed of the remaining copper and inevitable impurities. Optionally, other elements (eg, Mg, Sn, B, Ti, Mn, Ag, P, Zn, As, Sb, Be, Zr, Al, and Fe) may be added to the Corson alloy. These other elements are generally added up to about 5.0% by mass. For example, as yet another example, the Corson alloy has a Ni content of 0.5 to 4.0 mass%, a Si content of 0.1 to 1.3 mass%, a Sn content of 0.01 to 2.0 mass%, and a Zn content of 0. .01-2.0 mass%, and has a composition composed of the remaining copper and unavoidable impurities.
本発明において、丹銅とは、銅と亜鉛との合金であり亜鉛を１〜２０質量％、より好ましくは亜鉛を１〜１０質量％含有する銅合金のことをいう。また、丹銅は錫を０．１〜１．０質量％含んでも良い。 In the present invention, the red copper is an alloy of copper and zinc and refers to a copper alloy containing 1 to 20% by mass of zinc, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass of zinc. Further, the red copper may contain 0.1 to 1.0% by mass of tin.
本発明において、黄銅とは、銅と亜鉛との合金で、特に亜鉛を２０質量％以上含有する銅合金のことをいう。亜鉛の上限は特には限定されないが６０質量％以下、好ましくは４５質量％以下、あるいは４０質量％以下である。 In the present invention, brass means an alloy of copper and zinc, and particularly a copper alloy containing 20% by mass or more of zinc. The upper limit of zinc is not particularly limited, but is 60% by mass or less, preferably 45% by mass or less, or 40% by mass or less.
本発明において、洋白とは銅を主成分として、銅を６０質量％から７５質量％、ニッケルを８．５質量％から１９．５質量％、亜鉛を１０質量％から３０質量％含有する銅合金のことをいう。 In the present invention, “white” means copper containing 60% to 75% by weight of copper, 8.5% to 19.5% by weight of nickel, and 10% to 30% by weight of zinc. An alloy.
本発明において、その他銅合金とはＺｎ、Ｓｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｐ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｒ、Ａｇ、Ｂ、ＣｒおよびＴｉの内一種または二種以上を合計で８．０質量％以下含み、残部が不可避的不純物と銅からなる銅合金をいう。 In the present invention, the other copper alloy is 8.0 mass in total of one or more of Zn, Sn, Ni, Mg, Fe, Si, P, Co, Mn, Zr, Ag, B, Cr and Ti. % Or less, with the balance being an inevitable impurity and copper alloy.
銅粉は、公知の手段で調製したものを使用することができる。銅粉として、例えばガスアトマイズ法やプラズマアトマイズ法等のアトマイズ法、電解法、不均化反応等の化学反応を利用して生成する方法によって製造された銅粉を使用することができる。また、上述の組成を有する銅又は銅合金をボールミル、高エネルギーボールミル、遊星型ボールミル、アトライターボールミル等により粉砕して得られる銅粉を使用することができる。また、後述のように、特に電解法により製造された銅粉について、本発明を適用することによる効果が高い。 What was prepared by the well-known means can be used for copper powder. As the copper powder, for example, a copper powder produced by a method using an atomizing method such as a gas atomizing method or a plasma atomizing method, a chemical reaction such as an electrolytic method or a disproportionation reaction can be used. Further, copper powder obtained by pulverizing copper or a copper alloy having the above-described composition with a ball mill, a high energy ball mill, a planetary ball mill, an attritor ball mill, or the like can be used. In addition, as described later, the effect of applying the present invention is particularly high for copper powder produced by an electrolytic method.
本願発明の銅粉の電解銅粉の製造条件の一例を示すと、次の通りである。例えば、球状に近く、粒径が１０６μｍ以上（＋１４５ｍｅｓｈ）１７０μｍ未満（−８０ｍｅｓｈ）の銅粉が６０％程度で、樹枝状の粒子も一部含まれるような銅粉を製造する場合には、その条件の例は、以下のとおりである。なお、前述の百分率は、ＪＩＳ Ｚ２５１０ ２００４に記載されている、全ての分級物の合計の質量に対する、１０６μｍ以上（＋１４５ｍｅｓｈ）１７０μｍ未満（−８０ｍｅｓｈ）の銅粉の質量の百分率である。
銅濃度：１０〜１３ｇ／Ｌ
硫酸濃度：９０〜１００ｇ／Ｌ
塩化物イオン：１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下
電流密度：５〜６Ａ／ｄｍ2
液温：３０〜４０℃
そして、陽極に電気銅地金板、陰極に圧延銅板を用いて、陰極に銅を析出させ、その後、析出させた銅を回収することで、銅粉を製造することができる。
An example of the production conditions of the electrolytic copper powder of the copper powder of the present invention is as follows. For example, when producing a copper powder that is nearly spherical and has a particle size of 106 μm or more (+145 mesh) and less than 170 μm (−80 mesh) of about 60%, and includes a part of dendritic particles, Examples of conditions are as follows. In addition, the above-mentioned percentage is a percentage of the mass of the copper powder of 106 μm or more (+145 mesh) and less than 170 μm (−80 mesh) described in JIS Z2510 2004 with respect to the total mass of all classified products.
Copper concentration: 10-13g / L
Sulfuric acid concentration: 90-100g / L
Chloride ion: 1 mg / L or less Current density: 5-6 A / dm 2
Liquid temperature: 30-40 degreeC
And copper powder can be manufactured by using a copper copper metal plate for the anode and a rolled copper plate for the cathode, then depositing copper on the cathode, and then collecting the deposited copper.
本願発明の銅粉の電解銅粉の製造条件の別の一例を示すと、次の通りである。
銅濃度：４〜１２ｇ／Ｌ
硫酸濃度：８０〜１２０ｇ／Ｌ
塩化物イオン：２０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下
電流密度：７０〜９０Ａ／ｄｍ2
液温：３０〜４０℃
そして、陽極に電気銅地金板、陰極に圧延銅板を用いて、陰極に銅を析出させ、その後、析出させた銅を回収することで、銅粉を製造することができる。
It is as follows when another example of the manufacturing conditions of the electrolytic copper powder of the copper powder of this invention is shown.
Copper concentration: 4-12g / L
Sulfuric acid concentration: 80-120 g / L
Chloride ion: 20 mg / L or less Current density: 70 to 90 A / dm 2
Liquid temperature: 30-40 degreeC
And copper powder can be manufactured by using a copper copper metal plate for the anode and a rolled copper plate for the cathode, then depositing copper on the cathode, and then collecting the deposited copper.
なお、前述の製造条件において、銅濃度、塩化物イオン濃度、電流密度、及び／又は、液温について別の条件を用いてもよい。 In the above manufacturing conditions, other conditions may be used for the copper concentration, chloride ion concentration, current density, and / or liquid temperature.
なお、銅濃度を高くすることで、銅粉の形状を、球形等の丸みのある形状とすることができる。また、銅濃度を高くすることで、銅粉の大きさを大きくすることができる。また、塩化物イオンの濃度を低くすることで、針状等、凸部を有する形状を有する銅粉の数を低減することができる。また、塩化物イオンの濃度を高くすることで、針状等、凸部を有する形状を有する銅粉の数を増加することができる。また、電流密度を低くすることで、銅粉の形状を、球形等の丸みのある形状とすることができる。また、電流密度を高くすることで、銅粉の形状を針状等、凸部を有する形状とすることができる。また、液温を高くすることで、銅粉の形状を、球形等の丸みのある形状とすることができる。また、液温を高くすることで、銅粉の大きさを大きくすることができる。 In addition, by making copper concentration high, the shape of copper powder can be made into round shapes, such as a spherical shape. Moreover, the magnitude | size of copper powder can be enlarged by making copper concentration high. Further, by reducing the concentration of chloride ions, the number of copper powders having a convex shape such as a needle shape can be reduced. In addition, by increasing the concentration of chloride ions, the number of copper powders having a shape having a convex portion such as a needle shape can be increased. Moreover, the shape of copper powder can be made into round shapes, such as a spherical shape, by making a current density low. Further, by increasing the current density, the shape of the copper powder can be a shape having a convex portion such as a needle shape. Moreover, the shape of copper powder can be made into round shapes, such as a spherical shape, by making liquid temperature high. Moreover, the magnitude | size of copper powder can be enlarged by making liquid temperature high.
電解法により銅粉を製造する場合、生成した銅粉を水洗処理を行う。銅粉に付着している電解液には硫酸が含まれるため、水洗を行った後に、塩基を用いて銅粉に付着している電解液を中和する工程を実施する。塩基としては例えばアンモニアが使用される。従来は、当該中和の効果を確保するために、銅粉表面ｐＨが８．７に達した時点から１０分前後続けてアンモニアを継続して供給するとされている。
しかし、今回、アンモニアを過剰に供給すると、所望の防錆効果を得られないという問題があることが明らかとなった。アンモニアを過剰に供給した場合、銅粉表面にアンモニアが配位するか、または、銅とアンモニアとの錯体が形成される場合がある。そして、銅粉表面にアンモニアが配位するか、または、銅とアンモニアとの錯体が形成された場合、その後、銅粉に対して例えばトリアゾール化合物等の防錆剤を添加して防錆処理を行う際、トリアゾール化合物等の防錆剤が銅粉と反応しにくくなることが原因と推定している。それにより、防錆層が銅粉の表面に形成されにくく、結果として銅粉が酸化しやすいと考えられる。
When producing copper powder by an electrolytic method, the produced copper powder is washed with water. Since the electrolytic solution adhering to the copper powder contains sulfuric acid, a step of neutralizing the electrolytic solution adhering to the copper powder using a base is performed after washing with water. For example, ammonia is used as the base. Conventionally, in order to ensure the effect of the neutralization, ammonia is continuously supplied for about 10 minutes from the time when the copper powder surface pH reaches 8.7.
However, this time, it became clear that there was a problem that the desired rust prevention effect could not be obtained if ammonia was supplied excessively. When ammonia is supplied excessively, ammonia may be coordinated on the surface of the copper powder, or a complex of copper and ammonia may be formed. And when ammonia is coordinated on the copper powder surface or a complex of copper and ammonia is formed, a rust preventive agent such as a triazole compound is then added to the copper powder to carry out a rust prevention treatment. When performing, it is presumed that a rust preventive agent such as a triazole compound becomes difficult to react with copper powder. Thereby, it is thought that a rust prevention layer is hard to be formed on the surface of copper powder, and as a result, copper powder is easy to oxidize.
そのため、中和処理工程において、ｐＨが８．７に達してから２分以内、好ましくは１分以内、さらに好ましくはｐＨが８．７に達したと同時に、アンモニア水の供給を停止することが好ましい。これにより、銅粉の表面の明度Ｌ*が４６．３以上であることを確保することができる。また、銅粉に防錆層を設ける工程において、処理液中の防錆剤の濃度を高くすることでも銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*を高くすることができる。銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*を４６．３以上に制御した場合、銅粉の表面に適切に防錆層が形成されているため、銅粉が酸化しにくいという効果がある。 Therefore, in the neutralization treatment step, the supply of ammonia water may be stopped at the same time as the pH reaches 8.7 within 2 minutes, preferably within 1 minute after the pH reaches 8.7. preferable. Thereby, it can be ensured that the lightness L * of the surface of the copper powder is 46.3 or more. Further, in the step of providing a rust preventive layer on the copper powder, the brightness L * of the copper powder surface can also be increased by increasing the concentration of the rust inhibitor in the treatment liquid. When the brightness L * of the copper powder surface is controlled to 46.3 or more, since the rust preventive layer is appropriately formed on the surface of the copper powder, there is an effect that the copper powder is hardly oxidized.
好適な実施態様において、銅粉のレーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０は、例えば０．００１〜３００μｍであり、例えば０．０１〜２００μｍであり、例えば０．０５〜１５０μｍであり、例えば１〜１２０μｍであり、例えば１〜１００μｍである。銅粉のレーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０の上限は特に限定する必要はないが、例えば３００μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは２５０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは２００μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは１８０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは１５０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは１２０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは１１０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは１００μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは９０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは８０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは７０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは６０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは５０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは４０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは３０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは２０μｍ以下であり、より好ましくは１５μｍ以下である。銅粉のレーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０の下限は特に限定する必要はないが、例えば０．００１μｍ以上、例えば０．０１μｍ以上、例えば０．０５μｍ以上、例えば０．１μｍ以上、例えば０．２μｍ以上、例えば０．３μｍ以上、例えば０．４μｍ以上、例えば０．５μｍ以上、例えば１μｍ以上、例えば２μｍ以上、例えば３μｍ以上、例えば４μｍ以上、例えば５μｍ以上、例えば６μｍ以上、例えば７μｍ以上、例えば８μｍ以上、例えば９μｍ以上、例えば１０μｍ以上、例えば１１μｍ以上、例えば１２μｍ以上、例えば１３μｍ以上、例えば１４μｍ以上、例えば１５μｍ以上、例えば１６μｍ以上、例えば１７μｍ以上、例えば１８μｍ以上、例えば１９μｍ以上、例えば２０μｍ以上、例えば２１μｍ以上、例えば８０μｍ以上である。レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０の小さい銅粉ほど、銅粉１ｇ当たりの総表面積（銅粉１ｇ中に含まれる銅粉の表面積の総和）が大きい。銅粉と酸素との反応は、銅粉の表面で起こる。そのため、銅粉１ｇ当たりの総表面積が大きい場合、銅粉と酸素との反応するサイトが多いため、銅粉と酸素との反応が起こりやすいため、本願発明を適用する効果がより顕著に表れる。
なお、レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０とは、レーザー回折・散乱法による粒子径分布測定により得られた体積基準の積算分率における５０％粒子径である。レーザー回折・散乱法は、分散媒中に分散した粒子にレーザー光を照射し、粒子の大きさ（体積、光学的相当径）に応じた散乱を測定しているため、粒子の体積に対応した値を測定している。レーザー回折式の測定装置としては、例えば島津製作所製のレーザー回折式粒度測定装置（型番ＳＡＬＤ−２１００）を用いることができる。分散媒としては、例えば純水を用いることができる。
ここで、積算体積百分率径とは、粒子の累積体積が所定の百分率となる粒子径Ｄであり、Ｄの添字は百分率の値を示す。例えば、Ｄ５０は、ある粒子径より小さい個数（粒子の合計体積）が、全粉体の合計体積の５０％を占めるときの粒子径である。上述のようにレーザー回折・散乱法では粒子の大きさ（体積、光学的相当径）に応じた散乱を測定しているため、レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した粒子の大きさの積算百分率径は積算体積百分率径となる。レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０はメジアン径とも呼ばれる。
In a preferred embodiment, the cumulative volume percentage diameter D50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method of copper powder is, for example, 0.001-300 μm, for example, 0.01-200 μm, for example, 0.05-150 μm. For example, it is 1-120 micrometers, for example, is 1-100 micrometers. The upper limit of the cumulative volume percentage diameter D50 measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method of copper powder is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 300 μm or less, more preferably 250 μm or less, more preferably 200 μm or less, more Preferably it is 180 μm or less, more preferably 150 μm or less, more preferably 120 μm or less, more preferably 110 μm or less, more preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 90 μm or less, more preferably 80 μm or less, more preferably 70 μm or less, more preferably 60 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 40 μm or less, more preferably 30 μm or less, more preferably 20 μm or less. More preferably, it is 15 μm or less. The lower limit of the cumulative volume percentage diameter D50 measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method of copper powder is not particularly limited, but for example 0.001 μm or more, for example 0.01 μm or more, for example 0.05 μm or more, for example 0.1 μm or more. For example, 0.2 μm or more, such as 0.3 μm or more, such as 0.4 μm or more, such as 0.5 μm or more, such as 1 μm or more, such as 2 μm or more, such as 3 μm or more, such as 4 μm or more, such as 5 μm or more, such as 6 μm or more. 7 μm or more, such as 8 μm or more, such as 9 μm or more, such as 10 μm or more, such as 11 μm or more, such as 12 μm or more, such as 13 μm or more, such as 14 μm or more, such as 15 μm or more, such as 16 μm or more, such as 17 μm or more, such as 18 μm or more, such as 19 μm or more. For example, 20 μm or more, for example 21 μm or more, for example 8 0 μm or more. A copper powder having a smaller cumulative volume percentage diameter D50 measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method has a larger total surface area per 1 g of copper powder (total surface area of copper powder contained in 1 g of copper powder). The reaction between the copper powder and oxygen occurs on the surface of the copper powder. Therefore, when the total surface area per 1 g of the copper powder is large, there are many sites where the copper powder reacts with oxygen, and the reaction between the copper powder and oxygen is likely to occur, so that the effect of applying the present invention appears more remarkably.
The integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method is a 50% particle diameter in the volume-based integrated fraction obtained by the particle size distribution measurement by the laser diffraction / scattering method. In the laser diffraction / scattering method, particles dispersed in a dispersion medium are irradiated with laser light, and the scattering according to the size (volume, equivalent optical diameter) of the particles is measured. The value is being measured. As a laser diffraction type measuring device, for example, a laser diffraction type particle size measuring device (model number SALD-2100) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation can be used. As the dispersion medium, for example, pure water can be used.
Here, the cumulative volume percentage diameter is the particle diameter D at which the cumulative volume of the particles becomes a predetermined percentage, and the subscript D indicates the percentage value. For example, D50 is the particle diameter when the number smaller than a certain particle diameter (total particle volume) occupies 50% of the total volume of all powders. As mentioned above, since the laser diffraction / scattering method measures scattering according to the size (volume, optical equivalent diameter) of the particle, the cumulative percentage diameter of the particle size measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method is It becomes an integrated volume percentage diameter. The integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method is also called a median diameter.
好適な実施態様において、銅粉は、さらに防錆層を有する。本明細書において「防錆層」は銅粉の酸化を抑制又は低減する効果を有する層を含む概念である。防錆層は、防錆効果を有する有機物、及び／又は無機物を含む液を銅粉に塗布することにより設けることができる。また、防錆層は公知の防錆剤を含む液を銅粉に塗布することにより設けることができる。例えば防錆層は銅粉にクロメート処理をすることにより設けることができる。例えば防錆層は銅粉に錫めっき、コバルトめっき、パラジウムめっき又は銀めっきをすることにより設けることができる。また、銅粉にシランカップリング処理、チタネート化合物を含む液での処理、ジルコネート化合物を含む液での処理、及び／又は、アルミネート化合物を含む液での処理をすることにより、銅粉に防錆層を設けることができる。また、銅粉に窒素含有有機化合物、硫黄含有有機化合物及びカルボン酸からなる群から選択される一種以上の有機物を含む液を塗布することにより、銅粉に防錆層を設けることができる。また、前述の窒素含有有機化合物としては、置換基を有するトリアゾール化合物であるＢＴＡ（１，２，３−ベンゾトリアゾール）、カルボキシベンゾトリアゾール、Ｎ’，Ｎ’−ビス（ベンゾトリアゾリルメチル）ユリア、１Ｈ−１，２，４−トリアゾール、３−アミノ−１Ｈ−１，２，４−トリアゾール、及び／又は、５−メチル−１Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾール（トリルトリアゾール）等を用いることが好ましい。前述の硫黄含有有機化合物としては、ＭＢＴ（メルカプトベンゾチアゾール）、チオシアヌル酸、及び／又は、２−ベンズイミダゾールチオール等を用いることが好ましい。前述のカルボン酸としては、特にモノカルボン酸を用いることが好ましく、中でもオレイン酸、リノール酸、及び／又は、リノレイン酸等を用いることが好ましい。上述の化合物、有機物、無機物として、公知の化合物、公知の有機物、公知の無機物を用いることができる。なお、銅粉の表面を以下のＸＰＳ ｓｕｒｖｅｙ測定をした際に、銅粉の組成以外の元素又は防錆層を構成する化合物が有する元素又は防錆剤である化合物が有する元素が検出された場合には、銅粉は防錆層を有すると判定することができる。また、例えば防錆層を構成する化合物が有する元素又は防錆剤である化合物が有する元素が０．１ａｔｏｍ％以上の濃度で検出された場合には、銅粉は防錆層を有すると判定してもよい。
・ＸＰＳ ｓｕｒｖｅｙ測定
下記の、ＸＰＳ（Ｘ線光電子分光法）のｓｕｒｖｅｙ測定で防錆剤である化合物が有する元素が検出された場合には、当該銅粉は防錆層を有すると判定する。
まず、直径０．５ｍｍの円筒状の容器に銅粉０．５ｇをそれぞれ充填して、底面が隙間なく覆われるように敷きつめた。円筒容器に敷きつめられた銅粉の上面をＸＰＳ ｓｕｒｖｅｙ測定（銅粉の上半分の表面に付着した元素の半定量分析）を、以下の装置と条件で行い、銅粉表面に存在する元素を特定する。
装置：アルバックファイ社製５６００ＭＣ
到達真空度：５．７×１０-9Ｔｏｒｒ
励起源：単色化 ＡｌＫα
出力：２１０Ｗ
検出面積：８００μｍφ
入射角、取出角：４５°
中和銃使用
In a preferred embodiment, the copper powder further has a rust prevention layer. In the present specification, the “rust prevention layer” is a concept including a layer having an effect of suppressing or reducing oxidation of copper powder. A rust prevention layer can be provided by apply | coating the liquid which contains the organic substance which has a rust prevention effect, and / or an inorganic substance to copper powder. Moreover, a rust prevention layer can be provided by apply | coating the liquid containing a well-known antirust agent to copper powder. For example, the rust preventive layer can be provided by subjecting copper powder to chromate treatment. For example, the rust preventive layer can be provided by subjecting copper powder to tin plating, cobalt plating, palladium plating or silver plating. In addition, copper powder can be treated with a silane coupling treatment, a treatment with a solution containing a titanate compound, a treatment with a solution containing a zirconate compound, and / or a treatment with a solution containing an aluminate compound. A rust layer can be provided. Moreover, a rust prevention layer can be provided in copper powder by apply | coating the liquid containing 1 or more types of organic substance selected from the group which consists of a nitrogen containing organic compound, a sulfur containing organic compound, and carboxylic acid to copper powder. Examples of the nitrogen-containing organic compound include BTA (1,2,3-benzotriazole), carboxybenzotriazole, and N ′, N′-bis (benzotriazolylmethyl) urea, which are triazole compounds having a substituent. It is preferable to use 1H-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole, and / or 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (tolyltriazole). As the above-mentioned sulfur-containing organic compound, it is preferable to use MBT (mercaptobenzothiazole), thiocyanuric acid, and / or 2-benzimidazolethiol or the like. As the aforementioned carboxylic acid, it is particularly preferable to use a monocarboxylic acid, and it is particularly preferable to use oleic acid, linoleic acid, and / or linolenic acid. Known compounds, known organic substances, and known inorganic substances can be used as the above-mentioned compounds, organic substances, and inorganic substances. In addition, when the following XPS survey measurement is performed on the surface of the copper powder, an element other than the composition of the copper powder or an element included in the compound constituting the rust preventive layer or an element included in the compound that is the rust preventive agent is detected. It can be determined that the copper powder has a rust prevention layer. In addition, for example, when the element included in the compound constituting the rust preventive layer or the element included in the compound as the rust preventive agent is detected at a concentration of 0.1 atom% or more, it is determined that the copper powder has the rust preventive layer. May be.
-XPS survey measurement When the element which the compound which is a rust preventive agent has been detected by the following survey measurement of XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), it determines with the said copper powder having a rust prevention layer.
First, 0.5 g of a cylindrical container having a diameter of 0.5 mm was filled with 0.5 g of copper powder, and spread so that the bottom surface was covered with no gap. XPS survey measurement (semi-quantitative analysis of elements adhering to the upper half of the copper powder) is performed on the upper surface of the copper powder spread on the cylindrical container with the following equipment and conditions to identify the elements present on the copper powder surface To do.
Device: ULVAC-PHI 5600MC
Ultimate vacuum: 5.7 × 10 -9 Torr
Excitation source: Monochromatic AlKα
Output: 210W
Detection area: 800μmφ
Incident angle, extraction angle: 45 °
Use neutralizing gun
［銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*］
本開示の銅粉は、表面の明度Ｌ*が４６．３以上である。表面の明度Ｌ*を４６．３以上とすることにより、銅粉と酸素との反応が起きにくくなり、良好な防錆効果が得られる。銅粉は、上述の処理で、銅粉の表面に適切に防錆層が設けられた場合、銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*を４６．３以上に制御することができる。銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*を４６．３以上に制御した場合、大気中においても防錆剤の働きにより銅粉表面の近傍の銅原子が金属（０価）の状態で良好に存在しえる状態とすることができ、銅粉が酸化しにくい状態に保つことができる。ここで、銅粉表面の明度Ｌ＊はＪＩＳ Ｚ８７２９（２００４）に規定するＬ*ａ*ｂ*表色系における物体色のＣＩＥ明度Ｌ*である。
[Brightness L * of copper powder surface]
The copper powder of the present disclosure has a surface brightness L * of 46.3 or more. By setting the lightness L * of the surface to 46.3 or more, the reaction between the copper powder and oxygen is less likely to occur, and a good rust prevention effect is obtained. Copper powder can control the lightness L * of the copper powder surface to 46.3 or more when a rust preventive layer is appropriately provided on the surface of the copper powder in the above-described treatment. When the brightness L * of the copper powder surface is controlled to 46.3 or higher, the copper atoms in the vicinity of the copper powder surface can exist well in the metal (zero-valent) state by the action of the rust preventive agent even in the atmosphere. And the copper powder can be kept in a state where it is difficult to oxidize. Here, the lightness L * of the copper powder surface is the CIE lightness L * of the object color in the L * a * b * color system defined in JIS Z8729 (2004).
本開示における銅粉は、好適な実施態様において、表面の明度Ｌ*が４６．５以上であることが好ましく、４６．７以上であることがより好ましく、４６．９以上であることがより好ましく、４７．１以上であることがより好ましく、４７．３以上であることがより好ましく、４７．５以上であることがより好ましく、４７．７以上であることがより好ましく、４７．９以上であることがより好ましい。なお、銅粉の表面の明度Ｌ*の上限は特に限定する必要はないが、例えば、１００．０以下、例えば９０.０以下、例えば８０.０以下、例えば７０.０以下、例えば６０.０以下、例えば５５.０以下である。 In a preferred embodiment, the copper powder in the present disclosure preferably has a surface brightness L * of 46.5 or more, more preferably 46.7 or more, and more preferably 46.9 or more. 47.1 or more, more preferably 47.3 or more, more preferably 47.5 or more, more preferably 47.7 or more, and 47.9 or more. More preferably. The upper limit of the lightness L * of the surface of the copper powder is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 100.0 or less, such as 90.0 or less, such as 80.0 or less, such as 70.0 or less, such as 60.0. Hereinafter, for example, it is 55.0 or less.
また、本発明の好適な実施態様において、銅粉を空気雰囲気下において、温度４０℃、相対湿度（ＲＨ）８５％で４日間放置した後に、銅粉の表面の明度Ｌ*が３０．０以上であることが好ましく、３５．０以上であることがより好ましく、４０．０以上であることがより好ましく、４１．０以上であることがより好ましく、４２．０以上であることがより好ましく、４３．０以上であることがより好ましく、４４．０以上であることがより好ましい。銅粉の表面の明度Ｌ*が低下する度合いが少なければ少ないほど、銅粉の酸化しにくさがより良好であることを示し、より良好な防錆効果が得られることになる。なお、銅粉を空気雰囲気下において、温度４０℃、相対湿度（ＲＨ）８５％で４日間放置した後に、銅粉の表面の明度Ｌ*の上限を限定する必要はないが、例えば１００．０以下、例えば９０.０以下、例えば８０.０以下、例えば７０.０以下、例えば６０.０以下、例えば５５.０以下である。 Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the copper powder is left in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a relative humidity (RH) of 85% for 4 days, the brightness L * of the surface of the copper powder is 30.0 or more. It is preferably 35.0 or more, more preferably 40.0 or more, more preferably 41.0 or more, and even more preferably 42.0 or more. It is more preferably 43.0 or more, and more preferably 44.0 or more. The smaller the degree of decrease in the lightness L * of the surface of the copper powder, the more difficult it is to oxidize the copper powder, and a better rust prevention effect will be obtained. It is not necessary to limit the upper limit of the lightness L * of the surface of the copper powder after the copper powder is left in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a relative humidity (RH) of 85% for 4 days. For example, it is 90.0 or less, such as 80.0 or less, such as 70.0 or less, such as 60.0 or less, such as 55.0 or less.
なお、銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*は、例えばガラス板等の上に銅粉を敷き詰めた後に、当該敷き詰めた銅粉の明度Ｌ*を色差計で測定することで得ることができる。また、銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*を測定する際、色差計とは反対側の銅粉の下の物体の物体色や明度が銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*の測定値に影響を及ぼす場合には、銅粉の敷き詰める厚みを１ｍｍよりも大きな厚みとすることが好ましい。 The lightness L * of the copper powder surface can be obtained, for example, by laying the copper powder on a glass plate or the like and then measuring the lightness L * of the laid copper powder with a color difference meter. Also, when measuring the lightness L * of the copper powder surface, if the object color or brightness of the object under the copper powder on the opposite side of the color difference meter affects the measured value of the lightness L * of the copper powder surface The thickness of the copper powder spread is preferably greater than 1 mm.
なお、明度Ｌ*を測定するための装置が銅粉で汚染される等の問題が生じる場合には、例えば透明なポリエチレン等の樹脂製の袋（厚み０．００５〜０．０５ｍｍ）に銅粉を入れ、当該樹脂製の袋越しに上記の色差を測定しても良い。なお、前述の樹脂製の袋の厚みは小さい方がよく、例えば０．０５ｍｍ以下、例えば、０．０４ｍｍ以下、例えば０．０３ｍｍ以下、例えば０．０１ｍｍ以下である。 In addition, when the problem that the apparatus for measuring the lightness L * is contaminated with copper powder occurs, for example, the copper powder is placed in a resin bag (thickness 0.005 to 0.05 mm) such as transparent polyethylene. The above color difference may be measured through the resin bag. In addition, the thickness of the above-mentioned resin bag should be small, for example, 0.05 mm or less, for example, 0.04 mm or less, for example, 0.03 mm or less, for example, 0.01 mm or less.
本発明の銅粉は、様々な焼結製品の製造に用いることができる。そのため、本発明の一側面は、銅粉を用いて焼結製品を製造する方法である。焼結製品としては例えば焼結含油軸受、焼結機械部品、金属黒鉛刷子（電刷子）、電磁波シールド（ＥＭＩ）用導電塗料、材料を付加しながら立体形状を造形していく造形加工方法で製造した焼結材、ブラシモーター用のブラシ等が挙げられる。 The copper powder of this invention can be used for manufacture of various sintered products. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a sintered product using copper powder. Sintered products include, for example, sintered oil-impregnated bearings, sintered machine parts, metal graphite brushes (electric brushes), conductive paints for electromagnetic wave shields (EMI), and modeling methods that form solid shapes while adding materials. The sintered material, the brush for brush motors, etc. are mentioned.
以下に実施例をあげて、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明は、以下に例示する実施例に
限定されるものではない。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to the examples illustrated below.
（実施例１）
銅濃度：７ｇ／Ｌ、硫酸濃度：１００ｇ／Ｌ、塩素イオン濃度：２０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下の電解液を用い、陽極に電気銅地金板、陰極に圧延銅板を用いて、電流密度：８０Ａ／ｄｍ2、液温：３５℃として、２４時間電解を行い、銅粉を製造した。
生成した銅粉を水洗処理した後、アンモニア濃度が０．００９５ｗｔ％であるアンモニア水を３００Ｌ／ｍｉｎの流量で供給して中和処理をし、中和処理槽中の液の表面ｐＨが８．７に達した時点でアンモニア水の供給を停止した。なお、中和処理槽の容積は３７５Ｌとした。その後、５−メチル−１Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾールと１，２，３−ベンゾトリアゾールとを合計で０．００２５ｗｔ％含む防錆処理液（水溶液）を２８０Ｌ／ｍｉｎの流量で１０分間添加して防錆処理をし、脱脂、乾燥を経て銅粉を得た。なお、防錆処理槽の容積は３７５Ｌとした。
Example 1
Copper concentration: 7 g / L, sulfuric acid concentration: 100 g / L, chloride ion concentration: 20 mg / L or less of electrolytic solution, electrolytic copper metal plate as anode and rolled copper plate as cathode, current density: 80 A / dm 2. Electrolysis was carried out at a liquid temperature of 35 ° C. for 24 hours to produce copper powder.
After the generated copper powder is washed with water, it is neutralized by supplying ammonia water with an ammonia concentration of 0.0095 wt% at a flow rate of 300 L / min, and the surface pH of the liquid in the neutralization tank is 8. When 7 was reached, the supply of aqueous ammonia was stopped. The volume of the neutralization tank was 375L. Thereafter, a rust preventive treatment solution (aqueous solution) containing 0.0025 wt% of 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 1,2,3-benzotriazole in total is added at a flow rate of 280 L / min for 10 minutes to prevent rust treatment. Copper powder was obtained through degreasing and drying. The volume of the rust prevention treatment tank was 375L.
（比較例１）
銅濃度：７ｇ／Ｌ、硫酸濃度：１００ｇ／Ｌ、塩素イオン濃度：２０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下の電解液を用い、陽極に電気銅地金板、陰極に圧延銅板を用いて、電流密度：８０Ａ／ｄｍ2、液温：３５℃として、電解を行い、銅粉を製造した。
生成した銅粉を水洗処理した後、アンモニア濃度が０．００９５ｗｔ％であるアンモニア水を３００Ｌ／ｍｉｎの流量で供給して中和処理をし、中和処理槽中の液の表面ｐＨが８．７に達してからさらにアンモニア水を３００Ｌ／ｍｉｎの流量で１０分間供給し続けた。なお、中和処理槽の容積は３７５Ｌとした。その後、５−メチル−１Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾールと１，２，３−ベンゾトリアゾールとを合計で０．００２５ｗｔ％含む防錆処理液（水溶液）を２８０Ｌ／ｍｉｎの流量で１０分間添加して防錆処理をし、脱脂、乾燥を経て銅粉を得た。なお、防錆処理槽の容積は３７５Ｌとした。
(Comparative Example 1)
Copper concentration: 7 g / L, sulfuric acid concentration: 100 g / L, chloride ion concentration: 20 mg / L or less of electrolytic solution, electrolytic copper metal plate as anode and rolled copper plate as cathode, current density: 80 A / dm 2. Electrolysis was performed at a liquid temperature of 35 ° C. to produce copper powder.
After the generated copper powder is washed with water, it is neutralized by supplying ammonia water with an ammonia concentration of 0.0095 wt% at a flow rate of 300 L / min, and the surface pH of the liquid in the neutralization tank is 8. After reaching 7, the ammonia water was further supplied at a flow rate of 300 L / min for 10 minutes. The volume of the neutralization tank was 375L. Thereafter, a rust preventive treatment solution (aqueous solution) containing 0.0025 wt% of 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 1,2,3-benzotriazole in total is added at a flow rate of 280 L / min for 10 minutes to prevent rust treatment. Copper powder was obtained through degreasing and drying. The volume of the rust prevention treatment tank was 375L.
［レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０の測定］
各実施例及び比較例の銅粉について、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置（株式会社島津製作所製ＳＡＬＤ−２１００）を用いて、レーザー回折・散乱法による粒子径分布測定により得られた体積基準の積算分率における５０％粒子径（レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０）を測定した。なお、レーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０の測定に当たっては、１０ｃｃビーカーに銅微粉をスパチュラで１さじ（約０．１ｇ）加え、さらに純水（分散媒）を加えて懸濁液を調製した。この懸濁液を、測定装置の分散槽に投入し、まず、超音波照射なしで測定を実施した。次に、超音波を照射し、１分ごとに測定を実施し、１０分までの測定を行った。超音波照射開始後１０分のときの測定値をレーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０の値として採用した。
[Measurement of integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by laser diffraction / scattering method]
About the copper powder of each Example and Comparative Example, using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (SALD-2100 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), volume-based integration obtained by particle size distribution measurement by laser diffraction / scattering method The 50% particle diameter in fraction (accumulated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by laser diffraction / scattering method) was measured. When measuring the cumulative volume percentage diameter D50 measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method, add 1 spoonful (about 0.1 g) of copper fine powder to a 10 cc beaker with a spatula, and then add pure water (dispersion medium) to suspend. A liquid was prepared. This suspension was put into a dispersion tank of a measuring apparatus, and measurement was first performed without ultrasonic irradiation. Next, ultrasonic waves were applied, measurement was performed every minute, and measurement was performed for up to 10 minutes. The measured value at 10 minutes after the start of ultrasonic irradiation was adopted as the value of the integrated volume percentage diameter D50 measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method.
［銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*の測定］
各実施例及び比較例の銅粉をポリエチレン製の無色の透明なビニール袋（株式会社生産日本社製、セイニチグリップス ユニパック ０．０４タイプ、品番：Ｅ−４、チャック付、厚み０．０４ｍｍ、幅１００ｍｍ、チャック下長さ：１４０ｍｍ）に袋の約半分の量を入れた。
まず、スガ試験機株式会社製の測色計であるＣＯＬＯＵＲ ＴＥＳＴＥＲ（カラーテスター）を白色板を用いて校正した。その後、前述のＣＯＬＯＵＲ ＴＥＳＴＥＲ（カラーテスター）を用いて銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*の測定を行った。なお、前述のＣＯＬＯＵＲ ＴＥＳＴＥＲ（カラーテスター）の校正には以下の白色板を用いた。
・白色板
スガ試験機株式会社製
Ｃｏｌｏｕｒ Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ
三刺激値：Ｘ＝７６．２６、Ｙ＝７８．７８、Ｚ＝９０．８４
ＴＥＳＴ ＮＯ８６４１４１ ＳＴＡＮＤＡＲＤ ＮＯ１
ＬＩＧＨＴ ＳＯＵＲＣＥ −Ｃ
ＶＩＳＵＡＬ ＦＩＥＬＤ −２°
ＴＥＳＴ １９９６．１２．１６．
さらに、上記銅粉を空気雰囲気下（大気下）において、４０℃、相対湿度（ＲＨ）８５％で４日間(９６時間)放置した（表１の「加速試験」を意味する。）後、再度上記の方法により銅粉表面の明度Ｌ*を測定した。また、各実施例及び比較例について、目視により変色の有無を確認した。目視において、変色がないものは「〇」、変色があるものは「×」と評価した。測定結果は表１に示す。また、加速試験後の銅粉の外観写真を図１に示す。図１中の１（中丸に１）が実施例１の銅粉の外観を示す。また、図１中の２（中丸に２）が比較例１の銅粉の外観を示す。
図１からわかるように、実施例１の銅粉の方が、比較例１の銅粉より明らかに明度が高かった。
[Measurement of brightness L * of the copper powder surface]
The copper powder of each Example and Comparative Example was made of a colorless transparent plastic bag made of polyethylene (manufactured by Japan Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Seinichi Grips Unipack 0.04 type, product number: E-4, with chuck, thickness 0.04 mm, About 100% of the bag was placed in a width of 100 mm and a length under the chuck: 140 mm.
First, a COLOR tester (color tester), which is a colorimeter manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., was calibrated using a white plate. Then, the brightness L * of the copper powder surface was measured using the above-mentioned COLOUR TESTER (color tester). In addition, the following white plate was used for calibration of the above-mentioned COOLUR TESTER (color tester).
・ Color Standard made by Suga Test Machine Co., Ltd.
Tristimulus values: X = 76.26, Y = 78.78, Z = 90.84
TEST NO864141 STANDARD NO1
LIGHT SOURCE-C
VISUAL FIELD -2 °
TEST 1996. 12.16.
Furthermore, the copper powder was left to stand for 4 days (96 hours) at 40 ° C. and 85% relative humidity (RH) in an air atmosphere (in the air) (meaning “acceleration test” in Table 1), and then again. The brightness L * of the copper powder surface was measured by the above method. Moreover, about each Example and the comparative example, the presence or absence of discoloration was confirmed visually. Visually, the case where there was no discoloration was evaluated as “◯”, and the case where there was discoloration was evaluated as “x”. The measurement results are shown in Table 1. Moreover, the external appearance photograph of the copper powder after an acceleration test is shown in FIG. 1 (1 in the middle circle) in FIG. 1 indicates the appearance of the copper powder of Example 1. Further, 2 in FIG. 1 (2 in the middle circle) indicates the appearance of the copper powder of Comparative Example 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the brightness of the copper powder of Example 1 was clearly higher than that of Comparative Example 1.
［防錆層の有無の確認］
実施例１および比較例１の銅粉について、防錆層の有無を以下の様に確認した。
下記の、ＸＰＳ（Ｘ線光電子分光法）のｓｕｒｖｅｙ測定で防錆剤である化合物が有する元素が検出された場合には、当該銅粉は防錆層を有すると判定した。
まず、直径０．５ｍｍの円筒状の容器に銅粉０．５ｇをそれぞれ充填して、底面が隙間なく覆われるように敷きつめた。円筒容器に敷きつめられた銅粉の上面をＸＰＳ ｓｕｒｖｅｙ測定（銅粉の上半分の表面に付着した元素の半定量分析）を、以下の装置と条件で行い、銅粉表面に存在する元素を特定した。
装置：アルバックファイ社製５６００ＭＣ
到達真空度：５．７×１０-9Ｔｏｒｒ
励起源：単色化 ＡｌＫα
出力：２１０Ｗ
検出面積：８００μｍφ
入射角、取出角：４５°
中和銃使用
その結果、実施例１の銅粉および比較例１の銅粉共に、防錆剤である５−メチル−１Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾールと１，２，３−ベンゾトリアゾールが有する元素であるＣ及びＮが検出されたため、実施例１および比較例１の銅粉は防錆層を有していることが確認された。
[Confirmation of presence or absence of rust prevention layer]
About the copper powder of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the presence or absence of a rust prevention layer was confirmed as follows.
When the element which the compound which is a rust preventive agent has detected by the survey measurement of the following XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), it determined with the said copper powder having a rust prevention layer.
First, 0.5 g of a cylindrical container having a diameter of 0.5 mm was filled with 0.5 g of copper powder, and spread so that the bottom surface was covered with no gap. XPS survey measurement (semi-quantitative analysis of elements adhering to the upper half of the copper powder) is performed on the upper surface of the copper powder spread on the cylindrical container with the following equipment and conditions to identify the elements present on the copper powder surface did.
Device: ULVAC-PHI 5600MC
Ultimate vacuum: 5.7 × 10 -9 Torr
Excitation source: Monochromatic AlKα
Output: 210W
Detection area: 800μmφ
Incident angle, extraction angle: 45 °
As a result, both the copper powder of Example 1 and the copper powder of Comparative Example 1 were C elements which are elements of 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 1,2,3-benzotriazole, which are rust inhibitors. Since N and N were detected, it was confirmed that the copper powder of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 had a rust prevention layer.
表１から、表面の明度Ｌ*が４６．３以上である銅粉は、酸化による変色が起こりにくいことが確認できた。
一方、比較例１は、表面の明度Ｌ*が４６．１と、４６．３未満であり所望の酸化による変色を抑制または低減する効果が得られなかった。
From Table 1, it was confirmed that the copper powder having a surface lightness L * of 46.3 or more is not easily discolored by oxidation.
On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 had a surface brightness L * of 46.1 and less than 46.3, and an effect of suppressing or reducing discoloration due to desired oxidation could not be obtained.
（実施例２）
電解の条件を変更して銅粉のレーザー回折・散乱法で測定した積算体積百分率径Ｄ５０を変更し、及び防錆処理液（水溶液）中の５−メチル−１Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾールと１，２，３−ベンゾトリアゾールとの合計濃度を比較例１よりも高くしたこと以外は比較例１と同様の条件で銅粉を製造した。その結果、表面の明度Ｌ*が表２に記載の値である銅粉が得られた。表２に記載の銅粉はいずれも夏季において酸化による変色の問題を生じなかった。表２に記載の銅粉もＸＰＳのｓｕｒｖｅｙ測定をした結果、Ｃ及びＮが検出されたため、防錆層を有していることが確認された。
(Example 2)
The cumulative volume percentage diameter D50 measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method of copper powder was changed by changing the electrolysis conditions, and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 1,2,2 in the antirust treatment liquid (aqueous solution) Copper powder was produced under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1 except that the total concentration with 3-benzotriazole was higher than that in Comparative Example 1. As a result, a copper powder having a surface brightness L * as shown in Table 2 was obtained. None of the copper powders listed in Table 2 caused the problem of discoloration due to oxidation in the summer. As a result of XPS survey measurement, the copper powder shown in Table 2 was also confirmed to have a rust prevention layer because C and N were detected.
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| JP2004052044A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-19 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | Silver-coated copper powder and its manufacturing method |
| JP2015105406A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-08 | Ｄｏｗａエレクトロニクス株式会社 | Silver-coated copper powder, and conductive paste |
| WO2018062527A1 (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | Ｊｘ金属株式会社 | Surface treatment metal powder for laser sintering |
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| JP2021080549A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | Copper powder and method for manufacturing the same |
| WO2021100595A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | Copper powder and method for producing the same |
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