JP2019172178A - Vessel - Google Patents

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JP2019172178A
JP2019172178A JP2018064996A JP2018064996A JP2019172178A JP 2019172178 A JP2019172178 A JP 2019172178A JP 2018064996 A JP2018064996 A JP 2018064996A JP 2018064996 A JP2018064996 A JP 2018064996A JP 2019172178 A JP2019172178 A JP 2019172178A
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bow
ice
ship
hull
sea area
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JP6653724B2 (en
Inventor
寛 篠原
Hiroshi Shinohara
寛 篠原
豊 山内
Yutaka Yamauchi
豊 山内
義伸 川島
Yoshinobu Kawashima
義伸 川島
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Japan Marine United Corp
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Japan Marine United Corp
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Priority to JP2018064996A priority Critical patent/JP6653724B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2019/004661 priority patent/WO2019187699A1/en
Priority to CN201980021004.9A priority patent/CN111936381A/en
Priority to KR1020207019004A priority patent/KR20200091907A/en
Publication of JP2019172178A publication Critical patent/JP2019172178A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B63B1/06—Shape of fore part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
    • B63B11/04—Constructional features of bunkers, e.g. structural fuel tanks, or ballast tanks, e.g. with elastic walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
    • B63B43/06—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability using ballast tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2207/00—Buoyancy or ballast means
    • B63B2207/02—Variable ballast or buoyancy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Abstract

To provide a vessel capable of improving navigation performance by reducing wave making resistance and wave resistance when navigating in an ice free sea area and capable of continuously performing ice breaking navigation with high ice breaking ability in an ice bound sea area.SOLUTION: A vessel includes a bow unit having: a bow upper unit formed inclining to the rear side as a leading tip surface goes downward, and becoming a draft range when navigating in an ice bound sea area; and a bow lower unit having a leading tip surface formed extending from a bottom end of the bow upper unit directly downward, and becoming a draft range when navigating in an ice free sea area.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、氷海域を航行できる船舶に関する。   The present invention relates to a ship capable of navigating an ice sea area.

氷海域を航行できる船舶として、例えば砕氷船等が知られている。砕氷船は、先端部に向かって先細る形状の船首部を有しており、氷盤に乗り上げた船首部で鉛直方向の荷重をかけ、氷盤を押し割りながら連続砕氷航行するものである。そのため、砕氷船の船首上部の先端面は、下方に向かうにしたがい後方側へ傾斜させた形状としている。また、砕氷船の船首下部の先端面は、砕氷片を船体の左右側方へ分散させて、該砕氷片が船底に潜り込まないようにするために、船首上部の側面形状を下方に延長した線上に船首下部を有する形状としている。しかし、このような船首下部を有する砕氷船は、氷の無い非氷海域を航行する場合に、斜めの板で波を押し返すように波を蹴立てて進む。そのため、船首で波崩れを起こしやすく、造波抵抗と波浪抵抗が増加し、航行性能が低下するおそれがあった。   As a ship capable of navigating an ice sea area, for example, an icebreaker is known. The icebreaker has a bow portion that tapers toward the tip, and is subjected to continuous icebreaking while applying a load in the vertical direction at the bow portion that rides on the iceboard and pushing the iceboard. Therefore, the tip surface of the bow upper part of the icebreaker has a shape that is inclined rearward as it goes downward. Also, the tip of the lower part of the bow of the icebreaker is on a line that extends the side shape of the upper part of the bow downward to disperse the icebreakers to the left and right sides of the hull and prevent the icebreakers from entering the bottom of the ship. The shape has a lower bow. However, such an icebreaker having a bow lower part, when navigating in a non-ice sea area without ice, kicks the wave so as to push the wave back with an oblique plate. As a result, wave breakage is likely to occur at the bow, which increases wave resistance and wave resistance, which may reduce navigation performance.

そこで、例えば特許文献１及び２には、船首下部にバルバスバウを設けることで、船体の下部における船長を長くて航行性能を向上させた砕氷船が開示されている。この砕氷船は、非氷海域を航行する場合に、バルバスバウによって船首での波崩れを抑制でき、造波抵抗と波浪抵抗を低減させて推進効果を高めることができる。   Thus, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose an icebreaker in which a barbasse bow is provided at the lower part of the bow to increase the captain at the lower part of the hull and improve navigation performance. When this icebreaker sails in a non-ice sea area, it is possible to suppress wave collapse at the bow by the Barbasse bow, and to improve the propulsion effect by reducing wave resistance and wave resistance.

特表２０１６−５４０６９１号公報JP-T-2006-540691 特開２００２−９６７９４号公報JP 2002-96794 A

一般に、氷盤及び氷盤が折り重なった氷丘は、水面上に１０％程度、水面下に９０％程度の状態で浮いている。そのため、特許文献１及び２に開示された砕氷船のように、バルバスバウ形状の船首下部を有する構造では、船首上部が氷盤を砕氷する前に、船首下部が水面下の氷塊に衝突して破損する可能性が高い。また、この砕氷船は、氷盤を押し割る鉛直方向の力がバルバスバウ形状によって制約されるので、砕氷能力が低く、氷盤の大きさ又は形状によって十分に砕氷できないおそれがある。   In general, ice sheets and ice hills with ice sheets folded up float about 10% above the water surface and about 90% below the water surface. Therefore, in a structure having a Barbassau-shaped bow lower part as in the icebreaker disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the bow lower part collides with ice blocks below the surface of the water before the bow upper breaks ice. There is a high possibility of doing. Further, this icebreaker has a low icebreaking ability because the vertical force that breaks the iceboard is restricted by the shape of the Barbasse bow, and there is a possibility that the icebreaker may not be able to break ice sufficiently depending on the size or shape of the iceboard.

本発明は、上記のような課題を解決するためになされたもので、非氷海域航行時では造波抵抗と波浪抵抗を低減させて航行性能を高めることができ、氷海域航行時では高い砕氷能力で連続砕氷航行することができる船舶を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and can improve the navigation performance by reducing the wave-making resistance and the wave resistance when navigating in the non-ice sea area, and has a high ice breakage when navigating in the ice sea area. The purpose is to provide a ship capable of continuous icebreaking with its capacity.

上記従来技術の課題を解決するための手段として、（１）本発明に係る船舶は、先端面が下方に向かうにしたがい後方側へ傾斜させて形成され、氷海域航行時に喫水範囲となる船首上部と、先端面が前記船首上部の下端部から真下に向かって延伸させて形成され、非氷海域航行時に喫水範囲となる船首下部と、を有する船首部を備えていることを特徴とする。   As means for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, (1) the ship according to the present invention is formed such that the front end surface is inclined rearward as it goes downward, and becomes the draft range when navigating the ice sea area. And a bow portion having a tip portion formed by extending downward from a lower end portion of the bow upper portion, and having a bow lower portion that becomes a draft range when navigating in a non-ice sea area.

（２）また、（１）の船舶において、前記船体には、前記船首上部又は前記船首下部が喫水範囲となるように船体トリムを調整する船体トリム調整手段が設けられていることを特徴とする。   (2) Further, in the ship of (1), the hull is provided with a hull trim adjusting means for adjusting a hull trim so that the upper part of the bow or the lower part of the bow is within a draft range. .

（３）また、（２）の船舶において、前記船体トリム調整手段は、前記船体の内部に設けられたバラストタンクであることを特徴とする。   (3) Further, in the ship of (2), the hull trim adjusting means is a ballast tank provided inside the hull.

（４）また、（３）の船舶において、前記バラストタンクは、前記船体の内部に少なくとも１つ設けられており、前記船首下部の形状に適合する形状で構成されたものを含むことを特徴とする。   (4) Further, in the ship of (3), at least one of the ballast tanks is provided inside the hull, and includes a shape configured to match the shape of the bow lower part. To do.

（５）また、（１）〜（４）の船舶において、前記船首上部の喫水範囲となる先端面は、水平面に対して１０°以上４０°以下の角度に傾斜させて形成されていることを特徴とする。   (5) Moreover, in the ship of (1)-(4), the front end surface used as the draft range of the said bow upper part is inclined and formed in the angle of 10 degrees or more and 40 degrees or less with respect to a horizontal surface. Features.

（６）また、（１）〜（５）の船舶において、前記船首下部の先端面は、下方に向かうにしたがい前方又は後方側に０°以上５°以下の角度に傾斜させて形成されていることを特徴とする。   (6) Moreover, in the ship of (1)-(5), the front end surface of the bow lower part is formed to be inclined at an angle of 0 ° or more and 5 ° or less forward or backward as it goes downward. It is characterized by that.

（７）また、（１）〜（６）の船舶において、前記船首下部の水平面内の開度は、前記船首上部の水平面内の開度よりも鋭角であることを特徴とする。   (7) Moreover, in the ship of (1)-(6), the opening degree in the horizontal plane of the said bow lower part is an acute angle rather than the opening degree in the horizontal plane of the said bow upper part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

本発明によれば、船首下部の先端面が船首上部の下端部から真下に向かって延伸させて形成されているので、非氷海域航行時に、波を前方に押し返すことなく、当該波を左右の側方に沿って逃すことができる。よって、波を蹴立てることなく掻き分けるように進むことができるので、造波抵抗と波浪抵抗を低減させることができ、航行性能を高めることができる。また、船首下部の先端面が船首上部の先端面よりも後方側に位置しているので、氷海域航行時に、船首下部の制約を受けることなく、船首上部の高い砕氷能力で連続砕氷航行することができる。   According to the present invention, the front end surface of the lower bow is formed by extending downward from the lower end of the upper bow. Can be missed along the side. Therefore, since it can progress so that it may be scraped without kicking a wave, wave resistance and wave resistance can be reduced, and navigation performance can be improved. In addition, since the tip of the lower part of the bow is located behind the tip of the upper part of the bow, it is possible to continue ice breaking with high ice breaking ability at the upper part of the ice without navigating the bow. Can do.

本発明の実施の形態に係る船舶の全体図である。1 is an overall view of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図１に示したＩＩ部の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the II section shown in FIG. 本発明の実施の形態に係る船舶の船首部の水平面内の開度を模式的に示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed typically the opening degree in the horizontal surface of the bow part of the ship which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。なお、各図中、同一または相当する部分には、同一符号を付して、その説明を適宜省略または簡略化する。また、各図に記載の構成について、その形状、大きさ、及び配置等は、本発明の範囲内で適宜変更することができる。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted or simplified as appropriate. Moreover, about the structure as described in each figure, the shape, a magnitude | size, arrangement | positioning, etc. can be suitably changed within the scope of the present invention.

実施の形態．
図１は、本発明の実施の形態に係る船舶の全体図である。図２は、図１に示したＩＩ部の拡大図である。本実施の形態では、海上輸送又は海上交通において氷海域を航行できる船舶として、砕氷船を例に説明する。なお、本実施の形態における前方とは、船首に向かう方向をいい、後方とは、船尾に向かう方向をいう。 Embodiment.
FIG. 1 is an overall view of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion II shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, an icebreaker will be described as an example of a ship capable of navigating an ice sea area by sea transportation or sea transportation. In addition, the front in this Embodiment means the direction which goes to a bow, and back means the direction which goes to a stern.

図１に示すように、本実施の形態の船舶１００は、船首部１０、船体中央部１１及び船尾部１２で区画された船体１を備えている。船首部１０は、船体１の前方部分を構成するものであり、先端部に向かって先細る形状で構成されている。船体中央部１１は、用途に応じた構造を有している。例えば、海上輸送のためであれば、船体中央部１１の内部に複数の船倉が形成されている。船尾部１２には、船体１の後方部分を構成するものである。船尾部１２の下部には、推進器５が設けられている。船体１には、必要に応じて、水平面に対し１°〜２°程度のイニシャルトリムが設けられている。   As shown in FIG. 1, a ship 100 according to the present embodiment includes a hull 1 that is partitioned by a bow portion 10, a hull center portion 11, and a stern portion 12. The bow portion 10 constitutes a front portion of the hull 1 and is configured to taper toward the tip portion. The hull center part 11 has a structure according to the application. For example, for marine transportation, a plurality of holds are formed inside the hull central portion 11. The stern portion 12 constitutes a rear portion of the hull 1. A propulsion device 5 is provided at the lower portion of the stern portion 12. The hull 1 is provided with an initial trim of about 1 ° to 2 ° with respect to the horizontal plane as necessary.

図２に示すように、船首部１０は、氷海域航行時に喫水範囲Ａとなる船首上部２と、非氷海域航行時に喫水範囲Ｂとなる船首下部３と、を有している。喫水範囲Ａとは、氷海域航行時に喫水線Ｘが位置する範囲である。喫水範囲Ｂは、非氷海域航行時に喫水線Ｙが位置する範囲である。喫水範囲Ａと喫水範囲Ｂとの間には、喫水範囲Ａと喫水範囲Ｂを切り離す離間範囲Ｃが設けられている。離間範囲Ｃを設けることで、喫水範囲Ａと喫水範囲Ｂを明確にすることできる。   As shown in FIG. 2, the bow portion 10 includes a bow upper portion 2 that becomes a draft range A when navigating in an ice sea area, and a bow lower portion 3 that becomes a draft area B when navigating in a non-ice sea area. The draft range A is a range in which the draft line X is located when navigating the ice sea area. The draft range B is a range in which the draft line Y is located when navigating in the non-ice sea area. Between the draft range A and the draft range B, a separation range C that separates the draft range A and the draft range B is provided. By providing the separation range C, the draft range A and the draft range B can be clarified.

喫水範囲Ａは、一例として、氷盤６の厚さを想定し、喫水から船首上部２の下端部までの範囲が、氷盤６の没水している部分の量よりも広く確保できる高さ幅に設定される。例えば、喫水範囲Ａは、氷盤６の厚さが６０ｃｍ程度であれば、１３０ｃｍ程度の高さ幅を有する。   As an example, the draft range A assumes the thickness of the ice plate 6 and the height from the draft to the lower end of the bow upper part 2 can be secured higher than the amount of the submerged portion of the ice plate 6. Set to width. For example, the draft range A has a height width of about 130 cm if the thickness of the ice plate 6 is about 60 cm.

喫水範囲Ｂは、一例として、航行時における波ｗの振幅の中心に喫水線が位置するように、できるだけ幅広に設定される。例えば、喫水範囲Ｂは、波高が１２０ｃｍ程度であれば、１４０ｃｍ程度の高さ幅を有する。   As an example, the draft range B is set as wide as possible so that the draft line is located at the center of the amplitude of the wave w during navigation. For example, the draft range B has a height width of about 140 cm if the wave height is about 120 cm.

船首上部２は、先端面が下方に向かうにしたがい後方側へ傾斜させて形成された構成である。具体的には、船首上部２の喫水範囲Ａとなる先端面が、水平面に対して１０°以上４０°以下の角度θ１に傾斜させて形成されている。船舶１００は、氷海域航行時に、氷盤６に船首部１０を乗り上げて、船首上部２の喫水範囲Ａで鉛直方向の荷重をかけ、氷盤６を押し割りながら連続砕氷航行する。喫水範囲Ａとなる先端面を、水平面に対して１０°以上４０°以下の角度に傾斜させた理由は、船首上部２の先端面を傾斜させるほど、垂直分力が大きくなり砕氷能力が高まるためである。なお、船首上部２の喫水範囲Ａの先端面は、水平面に対して２０°以上３０°以下の角度に傾斜させることがより好ましい。 The bow upper part 2 is configured to be inclined rearward as the front end surface is directed downward. Specifically, the distal end surface of the draft range A of the bow top 2 is formed to be inclined at an angle theta 1 of 10 ° to 40 ° relative to the horizontal plane. When navigating in the ice sea area, the ship 100 rides the bow part 10 on the ice board 6, applies a vertical load in the draft range A of the upper bow 2, and sails continuously while breaking the ice board 6. The reason why the front end surface that is the draft range A is inclined at an angle of 10 ° to 40 ° with respect to the horizontal plane is that the vertical component force increases and the ice breaking ability increases as the front end surface of the bow upper part 2 is inclined. It is. In addition, it is more preferable to incline the front end surface of the draft range A of the bow upper part 2 at an angle of 20 ° or more and 30 ° or less with respect to the horizontal plane.

一方、船首下部３は、先端面が船首上部２の下端部から真下に向かって延伸させて形成された構成である。真下とは、鉛直方向に対して、前方側及び後方側に０°以上５°以下の範囲の角度θ２に傾けた状態も含まれることをいう。実施の形態１における船首下部３の先端面は、下方に向かうにしたがい後方側に０°以上５°以下の角度に傾斜させて形成されている。船舶１００は、非氷海域航行時に、船首部１０が若干上向きとなるように船体トリムを調整する。そのような状態であっても、上記傾斜角度を設けることで、船首下部３の先端面が水面に対して略垂直となるようにすることができる。なお、好ましくは、船首下部３の先端面を、下方に向かうにしたがい後方側に０°以上３°以下の角度で傾斜させる。より好ましくは、船首下部３の先端面を、下方に向かうにしたがい後方側に０°以上２°以下の角度で傾斜させる。 On the other hand, the bow lower part 3 has a configuration in which a front end surface is formed to extend from a lower end part of the bow upper part 2 directly below. “Directly below” means that a state in which the front side and the rear side are inclined at an angle θ 2 in the range of 0 ° to 5 ° with respect to the vertical direction is also included. The front end surface of the bow lower part 3 in the first embodiment is formed so as to be inclined at an angle of 0 ° or more and 5 ° or less on the rear side as it goes downward. The ship 100 adjusts the hull trim so that the bow portion 10 is slightly upward when navigating in the non-ice sea area. Even in such a state, by providing the inclination angle, the tip surface of the bow lower part 3 can be made substantially perpendicular to the water surface. In addition, Preferably, the front end surface of the bow lower part 3 is inclined at an angle of 0 ° or more and 3 ° or less toward the rear side as it goes downward. More preferably, the front end surface of the bow lower part 3 is inclined at an angle of 0 ° or more and 2 ° or less toward the rear side as it goes downward.

船舶１００は、船首下部３の先端面が、船首上部２の下端部から真下に向かって延伸させて形成された構成なので、非氷海域を航行する場合に、波を前方に押し返すことなく左右の側方に沿って逃すことができる。つまり、船舶１００は、波を蹴立てることなく掻き分けるように進むことができるので、造波抵抗と波浪抵抗を減少させることができ、非氷海域での航行性能を高めることができる。   The ship 100 has a configuration in which the tip surface of the bow lower part 3 is formed by extending downward from the lower end part of the bow upper part 2, so that when navigating in a non-ice sea area, the left and right sides are not pushed back. Can be missed along the side. That is, since the ship 100 can proceed so as to scrape the waves without kicking up the waves, the wave resistance and the wave resistance can be reduced, and the navigation performance in the non-ice sea area can be improved.

また、氷海域を航行する場合においては、船首下部３で砕氷片を船体１の左右側方に分散させながら進むことができる。よって、船舶１００は、砕氷片が船底に潜り込む事態を防止できるので、氷海域の航行を良好に行うことができる。   Further, when navigating in the ice sea area, the ice break can be advanced while being distributed to the left and right sides of the hull 1 in the lower bow portion 3. Therefore, since the ship 100 can prevent the situation where a piece of ice breaks in the bottom of the ship, the ship 100 can navigate the ice sea area well.

また、船舶１００は、船首下部３の先端面が船首上部２の先端面よりも後方側に位置しているので、氷海域航行時に、船首下部３の制約を受けることなく、該船首上部２の砕氷能力を十分に発揮することができ、高い砕氷能力で連続砕氷航行することができる。また、船舶１００は、船首下部３の先端面が船首上部２の先端面よりも後方側に位置することで、船首上部２で氷盤６を砕氷する前に、船首下部３が水面下の該氷盤６に衝突することもない。よって、船舶１００は、水面下の氷盤６によって船首下部３が損傷する事態を防止できるから、長期に亘り健全な状態を維持することができる。   In addition, since the tip surface of the bow lower part 3 is located behind the tip face of the bow upper part 2, the ship 100 is not subject to the restriction of the bow lower part 3 when navigating in the ice sea area. The ice breaking ability can be fully demonstrated, and it is possible to navigate continuously with high ice breaking ability. Further, the ship 100 has the tip surface of the bow lower part 3 located on the rear side of the tip surface of the bow upper part 2, so that the bow lower part 3 is below the water surface before the ice plate 6 is crushed. There is no collision with the ice plate 6. Therefore, since the ship 100 can prevent the situation where the bow lower part 3 is damaged by the ice board 6 under the water surface, it can maintain a healthy state for a long period of time.

また、一般に、船舶１００は、船体１の船長を長くすることで、推進性能を向上させることができる。本実施の形態の船舶１００では、船首下部を後方側に大きく傾斜させた従来の構造と比べて、船体下部の船長を長くできるので、推進性能を向上させることができる。   In general, the ship 100 can improve the propulsion performance by increasing the length of the hull 1. In the ship 100 according to the present embodiment, the captain of the lower part of the hull can be made longer compared to the conventional structure in which the lower part of the bow is largely inclined rearward, so that the propulsion performance can be improved.

更に、船舶１００は、氷盤６に船首部１０を乗り上げて鉛直方向の荷重をかけて、氷盤６を押し割る構成であるが、該氷盤６が大きいと押し割れずに、船体１ごと氷盤６の上に乗り上げて、身動きがとれなくなってしまうおそれがある。本実施の形態の船舶１００では、船体１が氷盤６に過度に乗り上げようとすると、船首下部３が水面下の位置する氷盤６に突き当たり、乗り上げを抑制することができる。   Further, the ship 100 has a configuration in which the bow portion 10 is mounted on the ice plate 6 and a load in the vertical direction is applied to the ice plate 6 to push and break the ice plate 6. There is a risk of getting on the ice board 6 and becoming unable to move. In the ship 100 according to the present embodiment, when the hull 1 tries to ride on the ice plate 6 excessively, the bow lower part 3 hits the ice plate 6 located below the water surface, and the ride can be suppressed.

なお、船首下部３の先端面は、下方に向かうにしたがい前方に０°以上５°以下の角度で傾斜させて形成してもよい。船体１の形状又は船舶１００の航行状況によっては、前方に０°以上５°以下の角度で傾斜させることが好適な場合があるからである。なお、好ましくは、船首下部３の先端面を、下方に向かうにしたがい前方に０°以上３°以下の角度で傾斜させる。より好ましくは、船首下部３の先端面を、下方に向かうにしたがい前方に０°以上２°以下の角度で傾斜させる。   In addition, you may form the front end surface of the bow lower part 3 inclining ahead at the angle of 0 degree or more and 5 degrees or less as it goes below. This is because, depending on the shape of the hull 1 or the navigation status of the ship 100, it may be preferable to incline forward at an angle of 0 ° to 5 °. In addition, Preferably, the front end surface of the bow lower part 3 is inclined forward at an angle of 0 ° or more and 3 ° or less as it goes downward. More preferably, the front end surface of the bow lower part 3 is inclined forward at an angle of 0 ° or more and 2 ° or less as it goes downward.

図３は、本発明の実施の形態に係る船舶の船首部の水平面内の開度を模式的に示した説明図である。図３に示すように、本船の船首下部３の先端部から例えば水線長Ｌの１／２０程度の距離（水線長Ｌの５％程度の距離でもよい）における船首下部３の水平面内の開度θ３は、本船の船首上部２の先端部から例えば水線長Ｌの１／２０程度の距離（水線長Ｌの５％程度の距離でもよい）における船首上部２の水平面内の開度θ４よりも鋭角である。例えば、船首下部３の水平面内の開度θ３は、４０°以下である。より好ましくは３０°以下である。船首下部３は、波を前方に押し返すことなく、左右の側方に沿って逃すために、船首上部２の水平面内の開度θ４よりも鋭角にしている。一方、船首上部２の水平面内の開度θ４を大きくしている理由は、氷盤６の広範囲にわたって鉛直方向の荷重をかける必要があるからである。なお、水線長Ｌとは計画喫水に於ける水線長を意味する。 FIG. 3 is an explanatory view schematically showing the opening in the horizontal plane of the bow portion of the ship according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, in the horizontal plane of the bow lower part 3 at a distance of about 1/20 of the water line length L (may be a distance of about 5% of the water line length L) from the tip of the bow lower part 3 of the ship. The opening θ 3 is an opening in the horizontal plane of the bow upper part 2 at a distance of about 1/20 of the water line length L (may be a distance of about 5% of the water line length L) from the tip of the bow upper part 2 of the ship. it is an acute angle than the degree θ 4. For example, the opening degree θ 3 in the horizontal plane of the bow lower part 3 is 40 ° or less. More preferably, it is 30 ° or less. The bow lower part 3 is set to an acute angle with respect to the opening θ 4 in the horizontal plane of the bow upper part 2 in order to escape the waves along the left and right sides without pushing the waves forward. On the other hand, the reason why the opening degree θ 4 in the horizontal plane of the bow upper part 2 is increased is that it is necessary to apply a load in the vertical direction over a wide range of the ice plate 6. The water line length L means the water line length in the planned draft.

また、図１に示すように、船体１には、喫水範囲が船首上部２又は船首下部３となるように船体トリムを調整する船体トリム調整手段４が設けられている。船体トリム調整手段４は、船体１の内部に設けられたバラストタンク４ａ〜４ｃである。バラストタンク４ａ〜４ｃは、図示例の場合、船首部１０と、船体中央部１１と、船尾部１２とにそれぞれ設けられている。バラストタンク４ａ〜４ｃに海水を注排水することで、船体トリムを調整することができる。但し、船体トリム調整手段４は、バラストタンク４ａ〜４ｃによってのみ構成されるものではない。船体トリム調整手段４は、例えば船体１に積んだ貨物の重量、及び燃料タンクの重量等によって船体トリムを調整する場合も含む。要するに、船体トリム調整手段４は、バラストタンク４ａ〜４ｃを主として船体トリムを調整する構成であるが、船体トリムを調整することができる他の構成があれば、当該構成も含むものである。   As shown in FIG. 1, the hull 1 is provided with a hull trim adjusting means 4 that adjusts the hull trim so that the draft range is the upper bow portion 2 or the lower bow portion 3. The hull trim adjusting means 4 is ballast tanks 4 a to 4 c provided inside the hull 1. In the illustrated example, the ballast tanks 4 a to 4 c are provided at the bow portion 10, the hull center portion 11, and the stern portion 12, respectively. The hull trim can be adjusted by pouring and draining seawater into the ballast tanks 4a to 4c. However, the hull trim adjusting means 4 is not constituted only by the ballast tanks 4a to 4c. The hull trim adjusting means 4 includes a case where the hull trim is adjusted by, for example, the weight of cargo loaded on the hull 1 and the weight of the fuel tank. In short, the hull trim adjusting means 4 is configured to mainly adjust the hull trim with respect to the ballast tanks 4a to 4c, but includes any other configuration that can adjust the hull trim.

なお、船首部１０に設けられたバラストタンク４ａは、船首下部３の形状に適合する形状で構成されている。つまり、本実施の形態の船舶１００では、船首下部３を後方側に大きく傾斜させた従来の構造と比べて、船首部１０の先端部により近い位置に大きなバラストタンク４ａを配置することができるので、船体トリムの調整の効果を高めることができる。   The ballast tank 4 a provided in the bow portion 10 is configured in a shape that matches the shape of the bow lower portion 3. That is, in the ship 100 of the present embodiment, the large ballast tank 4a can be disposed at a position closer to the tip of the bow portion 10 as compared with the conventional structure in which the bow lower portion 3 is largely inclined rearward. The hull trim adjustment effect can be enhanced.

上記したように、本実施の形態に係る船舶１００は、氷海域航行時において、船首上部２が喫水範囲Ａとなるように船体トリム調整手段４で船体トリムを調整する構成である。船舶１００は、船首下部３の先端面が船首上部２の先端面よりも後方側に位置しているので、氷海域航行時に、船首下部３の制約を受けることなく、船首上部２が砕氷能力を十分に発揮することができ、高い砕氷能力で連続砕氷航行することができる。   As described above, the ship 100 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which the hull trim is adjusted by the hull trim adjusting means 4 so that the bow upper portion 2 is within the draft range A during ice sea area navigation. In the ship 100, the tip surface of the bow lower part 3 is located behind the tip surface of the bow upper part 2, so that the bow upper part 2 has the ice breaking ability without being restricted by the bow lower part 3 when navigating the ice sea area. It can fully demonstrate its ability to navigate continuously with high ice breaking capacity.

一方、本実施の形態に係る船舶１００は、非氷海域航行時において、船首下部が喫水範囲Ｂとなるように船体トリム調整手段４で船体トリムを調整する構成である。船舶１００は、船首下部３の先端面が船首上部２の下端部から真下に向かって延伸させて形成されているので、非氷海域航行時に、波を前方に押し返すことなく、当該波を左右の側方に沿って逃すことができる。よって、船舶１００は、波を蹴立てることなく掻き分けるように進むことができるので、造波抵抗と波浪抵抗を低減させることができ、航行性能を高めることができる。   On the other hand, the ship 100 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which the hull trim is adjusted by the hull trim adjusting means 4 so that the lower part of the bow becomes the draft range B during the non-ice sea navigation. The ship 100 is formed such that the tip surface of the bow lower part 3 extends from the lower end of the bow upper part 2 directly below, so that the waves can be moved to the left and right without navigating the waves forward when navigating in non-ice waters. Can be missed along the side. Therefore, since the ship 100 can proceed so as to scrape the waves without kicking the waves, the wave-making resistance and the wave resistance can be reduced, and the navigation performance can be improved.

以上に本発明を実施の形態に基づいて説明したが、本発明は上述した実施の形態の構成に限定されるものではない。本実施の形態の船舶１００は、砕氷船を例に説明したが、これに限定されず、例えば耐氷船でもよいし、その他の船舶でも同様に実施できる。また、本実施の形態に係る船舶１００の上記構成は一例であって、他の構成要素を含んでもよい。要するに、本発明は、その技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲において、当業者が通常に行う設計変更及び応用のバリエーションの範囲を含むものである。   Although the present invention has been described above based on the embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment described above. Although the ship 100 of this Embodiment demonstrated the icebreaker to the example, it is not limited to this, For example, an ice-resistant ship may be sufficient and it can implement similarly with other ships. Moreover, the said structure of the ship 100 which concerns on this Embodiment is an example, Comprising: You may include another component. In short, the present invention includes a range of design changes and application variations usually made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical idea thereof.

１ 船体、２ 船首上部、３ 船首下部、４ 船体トリム調整手段、４ａ、４ｂ、４ｃ バラストタンク、５ 推進器、６ 氷盤、１０ 船首部、１１ 船体中央部、１２ 船尾部、１００ 船舶。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hull, 2 bow upper part, 3 bow lower part, 4 hull trim adjustment means, 4a, 4b, 4c ballast tank, 5 propulsion device, 6 ice board, 10 bow part, 11 hull center part, 12 stern part, 100 ship.

上記従来技術の課題を解決するための手段として、（１）本発明に係る船舶は、先端面が下方に向かうにしたがい後方側へ傾斜させて形成され、氷海域航行時に喫水範囲となる船首上部と、先端面が前記船首上部の下端部から真下に向かって直線状に延伸させて形成され、非氷海域航行時に喫水範囲となる船首下部と、を有する船首部を備えていることを特徴とする。
（２）また、（１）の船舶において、船体にイニシャルトリムが設けられていることを特徴とする。 As means for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, (1) the ship according to the present invention is formed such that the front end surface is inclined rearward as it goes downward, and becomes the draft range when navigating the ice sea area. And a bow portion having a tip portion formed by linearly extending from a lower end portion of the bow upper portion to a straight line and being a draft range when sailing in a non-ice sea area, To do.
(2) Further, in the ship of (1), an initial trim is provided on the hull.

（３）また、（１）又は（２）の船舶において、船体には、前記船首上部又は前記船首下部が喫水範囲となるように船体トリムを調整する船体トリム調整手段が設けられていることを特徴とする。 (3) Further, in the vessels (1) or (2), the hull, the hull trim means the bow top or the bow lower adjusts the hull trim so that draft range is provided It is characterized by.

（４）また、（３）の船舶において、前記船体トリム調整手段は、前記船体の内部に設けられたバラストタンクであることを特徴とする。 ( 4 ) Further, in the ship of ( 3 ), the hull trim adjusting means is a ballast tank provided in the hull.

（５）また、（４）の船舶において、前記バラストタンクは、前記船体の内部に少なくとも１つ設けられており、前記船首下部の形状に適合する形状で構成されたものを含むことを特徴とする。
（６）また、（３）の船舶において、前記船体トリム調整手段は、前記船体の内部に設けられた燃料タンクであることを特徴とする。 ( 5 ) Further, in the ship of ( 4 ), at least one of the ballast tanks is provided inside the hull, and includes a shape configured to match the shape of the bow lower part. To do.
(6) Further, in the ship of (3), the hull trim adjusting means is a fuel tank provided inside the hull.

（７）また、（１）〜（６）の船舶において、前記船首上部の喫水範囲となる先端面は、水平面に対して１０°以上４０°以下の角度に傾斜させて形成されていることを特徴とする。 ( 7 ) Moreover, in the ship of (1)-( 6 ), the front end surface used as the draft range of the said bow upper part is inclined and formed in the angle of 10 degrees or more and 40 degrees or less with respect to a horizontal surface. Features.

（８）また、（１）〜（７）の船舶において、前記船首下部の先端面は、下方に向かうにしたがい前方又は後方側に０°以上５°以下の角度に傾斜させて形成されていることを特徴とする。 ( 8 ) Moreover, in the ship of (1)-( 7 ), the front end surface of the bow lower part is formed to be inclined at an angle of 0 ° or more and 5 ° or less forward or backward as it goes downward. It is characterized by that.

（９）また、（１）〜（８）の船舶において、前記船首下部の水平面内の開度は、前記船首上部の水平面内の開度よりも鋭角であることを特徴とする。 ( 9 ) Moreover, in the ship of (1)-( 8 ), the opening degree in the horizontal surface of the said bow lower part is an acute angle rather than the opening degree in the horizontal surface of the said bow upper part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

図２に示すように、船首部１０は、氷海域航行時に喫水範囲Ａとなる船首上部２と、非氷海域航行時に喫水範囲Ｂとなる船首下部３と、を有している。喫水範囲Ａとは、氷海域航行時に喫水線Ｘが位置する範囲である。喫水範囲Ｂは、非氷海域航行時に喫水線Ｙが位置する範囲である。喫水範囲Ａと喫水範囲Ｂとの間には、喫水範囲Ａと喫水範囲Ｂを切り離す離間範囲Ｃが設けられている。離間範囲Ｃを設けることで、喫水範囲Ａと喫水範囲Ｂを明確にすることができる。 As shown in FIG. 2, the bow portion 10 includes a bow upper portion 2 that becomes a draft range A when navigating in an ice sea area, and a bow lower portion 3 that becomes a draft area B when navigating in a non-ice sea area. The draft range A is a range in which the draft line X is located when navigating the ice sea area. The draft range B is a range in which the draft line Y is located when navigating in the non-ice sea area. Between the draft range A and the draft range B, a separation range C that separates the draft range A and the draft range B is provided. By providing the spacing range C, it is possible to clarify the draft ranges A and draft range B.

Claims (7)

先端面が下方に向かうにしたがい後方側へ傾斜させて形成され、氷海域航行時に喫水範囲となる船首上部と、
先端面が前記船首上部の下端部から真下に向かって延伸させて形成され、非氷海域航行時に喫水範囲となる船首下部と、を有する船首部を備えていることを特徴とする、船舶。 The top of the bow, which is formed by inclining backward as the tip surface goes downward, becomes the draft range when navigating the ice sea area,
A ship having a bow portion having a tip surface formed by extending downward from a lower end portion of the bow upper portion and having a bow lower portion that becomes a draft range when navigating in a non-ice sea area. 前記船体には、前記船首上部又は前記船首下部が喫水範囲となるように船体トリムを調整する船体トリム調整手段が設けられていることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の船舶。   The ship according to claim 1, wherein the hull is provided with a hull trim adjusting means for adjusting a hull trim so that the bow upper part or the bow lower part is within a draft range. 前記船体トリム調整手段は、前記船体の内部に設けられたバラストタンクであることを特徴とする、請求項２に記載の船舶。   The ship according to claim 2, wherein the hull trim adjusting means is a ballast tank provided inside the hull. 前記バラストタンクは、前記船体の内部に少なくとも１つ設けられており、前記船首下部の形状に適合する形状で構成されるものを含むことを特徴とする、請求項３に記載の船舶。   The ship according to claim 3, wherein the ballast tank includes at least one ballast tank provided inside the hull and configured in a shape that matches a shape of the bow lower part. 前記船首上部の喫水範囲となる先端面は、水平面に対して１０°以上４０°以下の角度に傾斜させて形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項１〜４のいずれか一項に記載の船舶。   5. The front end surface serving as a draft range of the upper bow is formed to be inclined at an angle of 10 ° to 40 ° with respect to a horizontal plane. Ship. 前記船首下部の先端面は、下方に向かうにしたがい前方又は後方側に０°以上５°以下の角度に傾斜させて形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項１〜５のいずれか一項に記載の船舶。   The tip surface of the bow lower part is formed to be inclined at an angle of 0 ° or more and 5 ° or less forward or backward as it goes downward. Ship described in. 前記船首下部の水平面内の開度は、前記船首上部の水平面内の開度よりも鋭角であることを特徴とする、請求項１〜６のいずれか一項に記載の船舶。   The ship according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an opening degree in a horizontal plane of the bow lower part is an acute angle than an opening degree in a horizontal plane of the upper bow part.
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