JP2019157379A - bucket - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a bucket to be usable for removing obstacles in the ground that has a simple apparatus configuration and almost no failing to catch obstacles.SOLUTION: The bucket includes a cylindrical casing having an open lower portion, a guide that is integrally installed on an upper portion of the casing, a shaft that is inserted into the guide, a pair of arms that are rotatably connected to a lower portion of the shaft, and a pair of shells that are rotatably connected respectively to portions opposite to the portions that are rotatably connected to the shafts of the pair of arms. The pair of shells are rotatably connected to the inner surface of the casing and the shaft moves relative to the guide from above to below, thereby changing the pair of shells from the open state to the closed state via the pair of arms, and also the shaft moves relative to the guide from below to above, thereby changing the pair of shells from the closed state to the open state via the pair of arms.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a bucket that can be used to remove obstacles in the ground.

  Conventionally, when removing piles or obstacles such as concrete, gravel, stones, etc., a hammer-type grab that is built up on the ground by rotating a cylindrical casing made of steel pipes etc. In some cases, the earth and sand in the casing is removed, and obstacles such as rocks, lumps of pre-formed piles, and lumps of concrete structures are removed. Further, there are cases where the ground is excavated by a bucket attached to the tip of the ground drill kelly bar, or an obstacle in the ground is removed.

The hammer grab described in Patent Literature 1 employs a configuration in which a lower shell is opened and closed by expanding and contracting a hydraulic cylinder disposed at an upper portion.
The bucket device described in Patent Document 2 includes a cylindrical casing portion, a pair of shell portions that are supported to be openable and closable inside the casing portion, a connecting portion that is connected to a kelly bar, and a connecting portion that moves up and down. A guide portion that can be accommodated; and an arm portion that connects the coupling portion and the shell portion. When the coupling portion is located below the guide portion, the shell portion is opened, and the coupling portion is located above the guide portion. Sometimes the shell is configured to be closed.

Japanese Patent No. 4638898 JP2015-224461A

The hammer grab of Patent Document 1 uses a hydraulic cylinder for opening and closing the shell, so that the configuration of the apparatus becomes complicated, and there is a problem that the apparatus cost and construction cost increase.
In the bucket device of Patent Document 2, when the shell portion is closed and the obstacle is scooped up, the connecting portion is moved upward with respect to the guide portion. In other words, since the obstacle is scooped up while pulling the shell part upward from below, the shell part scoops up the obstacle while moving away from the obstacle to be scooped, and the shell part is closed once. There is a problem that the amount of obstacles to be spilled is large and the efficiency of scavenging obstacles is poor. The technique of Patent Document 1 has the same problem.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a bucket that can be used to remove obstacles in the ground, has a simple apparatus configuration, and has few missing parts.

  The bucket according to the first aspect of the present invention has a cylindrical casing with an open lower portion, a guide integrally installed at the upper portion of the casing, a shaft inserted through the guide, and a lower portion of the shaft. A pair of arms that are movably coupled, and a pair of shells that are respectively pivotally coupled to a portion opposite to a portion that is pivotally coupled to the shaft of the pair of arms. The pair of shells are rotatably connected to the inner surface of the casing, and the shaft moves relative to the guide from above to below to close the pair of shells from the open state via the pair of arms. The shaft is a bucket that changes the pair of shells from the closed state to the open state via the pair of arms by moving relative to the guide from below to above.

  According to the bucket according to the above aspect, since the pair of shells can be opened and closed by moving the shaft relative to the guide in the vertical direction by a kelly bar or the like, it is necessary to separately use a mechanism such as a hydraulic cylinder for opening and closing the pair of shells. There is no, and it becomes a simple apparatus structure as a whole. In addition, since the pair of shells are changed from the open state to the closed state via the pair of arms by moving the shaft relative to the guide from the upper side to the lower side, the pair of shells are pressed against the ground. Obstacles can be scooped up while applying the above force to the pair of shells. As a result, the amount of spillage per operation for closing the pair of shells can be reduced, and obstacles can be scooped up efficiently.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the above bucket, the shaft has an engaging protrusion protruding from the peripheral surface, and the guide is formed with an engaging groove through which the engaging protrusion is inserted. The joint groove has a shell closed groove and a shell open groove. When the engaging protrusion engages with the shell closed groove, the shaft and the guide are held in a relative positional relationship in which the pair of shells are closed, When the mating protrusion engages with the shell opening groove, the shaft and the guide are held in a relative positional relationship that opens the pair of shells.
According to this, the pair of shells can be stably maintained in the open state or the closed state by engaging the engaging protrusions with the shell open groove or the shell closed groove. As a result, obstacles can be efficiently scooped up.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the bucket according to the second aspect has a plurality of shell open grooves for adjusting the opening degree of the pair of shells stepwise. According to such a configuration, for example, even when gravel or the like is sandwiched between the pair of shells and the pair of shells cannot be completely closed, the engagement protrusion is engaged with any of the plurality of shell open grooves. By combining, a pair of shells can be stably maintained in a state where they are opened to a predetermined extent.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the bucket according to the second aspect, the opening of the pair of shells can be adjusted stepwise by forming the shell open grooves in a stepped shape. According to this, the same effect as the third aspect can be obtained.

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a bucket according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is another front perspective view of the bucket according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a view of the bucket of FIG. 1 as viewed from the side. 4 is a partial perspective view of the bucket of FIG. FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of the bucket of FIG. 6 is a partial cutaway view of the bucket of FIG. FIG. 7 is a partial cutaway view of the bucket of FIG. FIG. 8 is a cutaway view of the bucket of FIG. FIG. 9 is a cutaway view of the bucket of FIG. FIG. 10 is a view showing a part of the guide and shaft of the bucket according to a modification of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a view showing a part of a guide and a shaft of a bucket according to another modification of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a bucket 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The bucket 1 of this embodiment can be used to remove obstacles such as piles in the ground, concrete structures, gravel, stones, etc. by attaching to the lower end of a rotating body such as an earth drill kelly bar.
The bucket 1 is a cylindrical (cylindrical in the illustrated example) casing 10, a guide 20 having a cylindrical inner peripheral surface that is integrally installed on the upper portion of the casing 10, and a substantially cylindrical shape inserted through the guide 20. Shaft 30. The guide 20 is inserted through a hole at the center of the upper surface of the casing 10. Between the upper surface of the casing 10 and the peripheral surface of the guide 20, a plurality (four in the illustrated example) of reinforcing plates 21 are attached and attached. The shaft 30 can be coaxially attached to a rotating body such as an earth drill kelly bar at the upper end thereof. The guide 20 and the shaft 30 are relatively movable within predetermined ranges in the axial direction and the rotational direction. FIG. 1 shows a state where the shaft 30 is at the uppermost position with respect to the guide 20. FIG. 2 is another front perspective view of the bucket 1 and shows a state where the shaft 30 is at the lowest position with respect to the guide 20. FIG. 3 is a view of the bucket of FIG. 1 as viewed from the side.

4 is a partial perspective view transparently showing the front half of the casing 10 of the bucket 1 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a partial cutaway view showing the front half of the casing 10 of the bucket 1 of FIG. FIG. 8 is a VIII-VIII cutaway view of bucket 1 of FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view transparently showing the front half of the casing 10 of the bucket 1 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 7 is a partial cutaway view showing the front half of the casing 10 of the bucket 1 of FIG. FIG. 9 is a cutaway view when the shaft 30 of the bucket 1 of FIG. 8 is lowered to the lowest position. 8 and 9, since the arm 41 does not appear, the position of the outline of the arm 41 projected in the front-rear direction of the bucket 1 is indicated by a broken line.
As shown in these drawings, the lower portion of the casing 10 is open, and a pair of arms 41 and 42 and a pair of shells 51 and 52 are provided inside the casing 10. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a pin 31 is provided in the diameter direction near the lower end of the shaft 30, and is provided near the first end which is the upper end side of each of the pair of arms 41 and 42. The first holes 41 </ b> A and 42 </ b> A are loosely fitted to the pins 31 inside the shaft 30, so that the pair of arms 41 and 42 are rotatably connected to the lower portion of the shaft 30. Second holes 41B and 42B are provided in the vicinity of the second end opposite to the first ends of the pair of arms 41 and 42, respectively, and the upper edge portions of the pair of shells 51 and 52 (that is, upper side portions) It is loosely fitted to each of the pins 51A and 52A provided in the vicinity of the edge). Thereby, the 2nd end part of a pair of arms 41 and 42 is connected with the upper edge part vicinity of a pair of shells 51 and 52 so that rotation is possible, respectively. The pins 51 </ b> A and 52 </ b> A are fixed to plate-like members standing on the inner peripheral surfaces of the pair of shells 51 and 52.

  A flange-shaped upper stopper S1 having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide 20 is provided on the outer periphery near the upper end of the shaft 30. A flange-like lower stopper S <b> 2 having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide 20 is provided on the outer periphery near the lower end of the shaft 30. The upper stopper S1 and the lower stopper S2 define a relative movable range in the axial direction of the shaft 30 with respect to the guide 20.

  Each of the pair of shells 51 and 52 is generally formed in a ¼ spherical shape. Each of the pair of shells 51 and 52 has holes at both ends in the longitudinal direction. The casing 10 has two support protrusions 11 that protrude inward from the inner peripheral surface and face each other horizontally. One support protrusion 11 is inserted into both holes at one end of the pair of shells 51 and 52, and the other support protrusion 11 is inserted into both holes at the other end of the pair of shells 51 and 52. . Accordingly, the pair of shells 51 and 52 can be rotated with the two support protrusions 11 as fulcrums. A pair of arms 41 and 42 rotate around the pin 31 of the shaft 30, a pair of arms 41 and 42 rotate around the pins 51A and 52A of the shells 51 and 52, and a pair of shells 51 and 52. The axes that rotate around the two support protrusions 11 are substantially parallel to each other in the state shown in FIGS.

  When the shaft 30 is pulled up relative to the guide 20 by a kelly bar or the like attached to the upper end of the shaft 30, the pair of arms 41, 42 rises and the angle between them decreases, so that the pair of shells 51, 52 It works to pull the upper edges together. Then, the pair of shells 51 and 52 rotate about the support protrusion 11 and the lower edges (that is, lower edges) move away from each other, so that the lower edges of the pair of shells 51 and 52 are opened. Become. A state in which the lower edges of the pair of shells 51 and 52 are opened apart is referred to as an open state of the pair of shells 51 and 52, and in particular, as shown in FIGS. The state where the upper edges of 52 are in contact with each other will be referred to as the fully opened state of the pair of shells 51, 52.

  On the other hand, when the shaft 30 is pushed down with respect to the guide 20 by a kelly bar or the like, the pair of arms 41 and 42 are lowered and the angle between them is widened so that the upper edges of the pair of shells 51 and 52 are separated from each other. To work. Then, the pair of shells 51 and 52 rotate so that the lower edges approach each other, and the lower edges of the pair of shells 51 and 52 finally come into contact with each other as shown in FIGS. And close it. A state in which the lower edges of the pair of shells 51 and 52 are in contact with each other and closed is referred to as a closed state of the pair of shells 51 and 52.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, particularly FIGS. 6 and 7, the shaft 30 has an engaging protrusion 32 that protrudes outward from its peripheral surface. On the other hand, the guide 20 is formed with an engaging groove 22 penetrating the peripheral surface, and the engaging protrusion 32 is inserted through the engaging groove 22. The engaging groove 22 includes an axial groove 22a extending in the axial direction of the guide 20, and a shell closing extending from the lower end of the axial groove 22a to one side in the circumferential direction of the guide 20 (for example, a clockwise direction when viewed from above). A groove 22b and a shell opening groove 22c extending from the upper end of the axial groove 22a to one side in the circumferential direction of the guide 20 are provided. When the shaft 30 moves relative to the guide 20 in the axial direction, the engagement protrusion 32 moves in the axial direction in the axial groove 22a. When the engagement protrusion 32 is at the lower end position of the axial groove 22a, the shaft 30 is rotated by a predetermined degree (for example, about several degrees to several tens of degrees) with respect to the guide 20 in one circumferential direction with respect to the guide 20; The engaging protrusion 32 enters into the shell closing groove 22b and engages therewith. Thus, the shaft 30 and the guide 20 are held in a relative axial positional relationship in which the pair of shells 51 and 52 are closed. When the engagement protrusion 32 is at the upper end position of the axial groove 22a, the shaft 30 is rotated by a predetermined amount (for example, about several degrees to several tens of degrees) with respect to the guide 20 to one side in the circumferential direction by a kelly bar or the like. The engaging protrusion 32 enters the shell opening groove 22c and engages with it. Thus, the shaft 30 and the guide 20 are held in a relative axial positional relationship in which the pair of shells 51 and 52 are fully opened. In order to release the engagement between the shell closing groove 22b or the shell opening groove 22c and the engaging protrusion 32, the shaft 30 is moved with respect to the guide 20 by the kelly bar or the like on the other side in the circumferential direction (for example, counterclockwise when viewed from above). Rotate in the direction of rotation). The above-mentioned “one side in the circumferential direction” is the counterclockwise direction when the bucket 1 is viewed from above, and “the other side in the circumferential direction” is the clockwise direction when the bucket 1 is viewed from above. Also good.

  The pair of shells 51 and 52 are pivotally supported by the casing 10 and cannot substantially rotate relative to the casing 10 in the circumferential direction. Therefore, when the shaft 30 rotates relative to the guide 20, twisting occurs between the shaft 30 and the pair of shells 51 and 52. In this respect, since the pair of arms 41 and 42 are loosely fitted to the pin 31 of the shaft 30 and the pins 51A and 52A of the shells 51 and 52, the above twist can be realized. In addition, it is good also as a structure which can be relatively rotated between the pair of shells 51 and 52 and the casing 10 in the circumferential direction.

Next, the example of the method of removing the obstruction in a digging hole using the bucket 1 which concerns on this embodiment is mainly demonstrated based on FIG. Here, a description will be given on the assumption that an earth drill kelly bar is coaxially attached to the upper end of the shaft 30.
When the bucket 1 is inserted into the excavation hole and the obstacle inside is removed, first, the shaft 30 is pulled up by the kelly bar on the ground to fully open the pair of shells 51 and 52. Then, the shaft 30 is rotated relative to the guide 20 on one side in the circumferential direction, the engagement protrusion 32 is engaged with the shell open groove 22c, and the pair of shells 51 and 52 are maintained in the fully open state.

  Next, the bucket 1 is lifted by the kelly bar and lowered into the excavation hole. When the casing 10 penetrates into the obstacle and the obstacle enters the inside of the casing 10, the lowering is stopped, and the shaft 30 is slightly rotated to the other side in the circumferential direction by the kelly bar, so that the engagement protrusion 32 and the shell opening groove 22c Release the engagement. Next, the kelly bar is lowered to push the shaft 30 downward relative to the guide 20 in the axial direction. At that time, the engaging protrusion 32 moves down the axial groove 22a in the axial direction. Then, the movement of the shaft 30 is transmitted to the pair of shells 51, 52 by the pair of arms 41, 42, and the pair of shells 51, 52 rotates around the support protrusion 11 from the fully opened state to the closing direction. Thus, the pair of shells 51 and 52 scoops out the obstacle in the casing 10.

  By pushing down the shaft 30, the pair of shells 51 and 52 are finally closed as shown in FIG. At this time, the obstacle scooped by the pair of shells 51 and 52 is held in a space formed by the pair of shells 51 and 52 and the casing 10. In this state, the engagement protrusion 32 and the shell closing groove 22b are engaged with each other by rotating the kelly bar to a certain extent in the circumferential direction. In that state, the Keriba is raised and the bucket 1 is lifted to the ground. On the ground, the bottom of the casing 10 is brought into contact with the ground surface or the like, and the shaft 30 is rotated to the other side in the circumferential direction with respect to the guide 20 to release the engagement between the engagement protrusion 32 and the shell closing groove 22b. The pair of shells 51 and 52 are opened by lifting the shaft 30 by the kelly bar, and the obstacle held inside is discharged from the lower side of the casing 10. Then, the above series of operations is repeated.

  According to the bucket 1 of the present embodiment, when the pair of shells 51 and 52 are fully opened, the pair of shells 51 and 52 are positioned above the support protrusion 11 and the inner peripheral surface is directed downward. A large internal space of the casing 10 can be defined below them. Therefore, a large amount of earth and sand and obstacle pieces can be received from below by pushing the casing 10 downward in that state. In addition, since the pair of shells 51 and 52 are actuated in the direction of closing the pair of shells 51 and 52 by applying a force from above to the pair of shells 51 and 52, the pair of shells 51 and 52 are scooped. You will scoop them up while going toward the earth and sand and obstacles. Furthermore, the pair of shells 51 and 52 can be held in a closed state with the earth and sand or obstacle pieces being crushed. As described above, the amount of spillage during excavation and removal of obstacles at one time is small, and the excavation and removal of obstacles can be performed efficiently.

  In the bucket 1 of the present embodiment, a pair of shells 51 and 52 are pivotally supported on the casing 10 via the support protrusion 11. Therefore, the posture of the pair of shells 51 and 52 is stabilized as compared with the configuration in which the pair of shells 51 and 52 are suspended in the casing 10. Further, the force applied to the shaft 30 from the kelly bar when the engagement protrusion 32 is engaged with the shell closing groove 22b or the shell opening groove 22c is not only the pair of arms 41 and 42, but also the casing 10 and the support protrusion 11. Also transmitted to the pair of shells 51 and 52 via Therefore, the force from the Keriba is easily transmitted to the pair of shells 51 and 52, and the mechanical strength required for the pair of arms 41 and 42 can be reduced.

(Modification)
FIG. 10 is a view showing a part of the guide 20 ′ and the shaft 30 of the bucket according to a modification of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, the engagement groove 22 has another shell opening groove 22d in addition to the shell opening groove 22c of the embodiment. Another shell open groove 22d may extend from the axial groove 22a to one side in the circumferential direction between the shell closed groove 22b and the shell open groove 22c.
According to such a configuration, for example, when gravel or the like is sandwiched between the pair of shells 51 and 52, even if the pair of shells 51 and 52 cannot be completely closed, By engaging the engaging protrusion 32 with another shell opening groove 22d, the pair of shells 51 and 52 can be stably maintained in a state where they are opened to a predetermined extent. The number of shell open grooves is not limited to two as shown, and may be more than that.

(Another modification)
FIG. 11 is a view showing a part of a guide 20 ″ and a shaft 30 of a bucket according to another modification of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, in addition to the shell opening groove 22c of one embodiment, Another shell opening groove 22e that forms a stepped groove integrally with the shell closing groove 22b is provided.
According to such a configuration, for example, when gravel or the like is sandwiched between the pair of shells 51 and 52, even if the pair of shells 51 and 52 cannot be completely closed, By engaging the engagement protrusion 32 with another shell opening groove 22e, the pair of shells 51 and 52 can be stably maintained in a state where they are opened to a predetermined extent. Another shell open groove 22e may be further formed in a step shape.

  The present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments and modifications of the above invention. Various modifications may be included in the present invention as long as those skilled in the art can easily conceive without departing from the description of the scope of claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bucket 10 Casing 11 Support protrusion 20, 20 ', 20 "Guide 21 Reinforcement plate 22 Engagement groove 22a Axial groove 22b Shell closed groove 22c, 22d, 22e Shell open groove 30 Shaft 31 Pin 32 Engagement protrusion 41, 42 Pair Arm 41A, 42A First hole 41B, 42B Second hole 51, 52 A pair of shells 51A, 52A Pin S1 Upper stopper S2 Lower stopper

Claims (4)

A bucket,
A cylindrical casing with an open bottom;
A guide integrally installed on the upper part of the casing;
A shaft inserted through the guide;
A pair of arms rotatably connected to the lower portion of the shaft;
A pair of shells that are rotatably connected to portions opposite to the portions that are rotatably connected to the shafts of the pair of arms,
The pair of shells are rotatably connected to the inner surface of the casing,
The shaft moves relative to the guide from above to below to change the pair of shells from the open state to the closed state via the pair of arms,
The bucket is configured to change the pair of shells from a closed state to an open state via the pair of arms by moving relative to the guide from below to above. The shaft has an engaging protrusion protruding from the peripheral surface;
An engagement groove through which the engagement protrusion is inserted is formed in the guide,
The engaging groove has a shell closing groove and a shell opening groove,
When the engaging protrusion engages with the shell closing groove, the shaft and the guide are held in a relative positional relationship in which the pair of shells are closed.
2. The bucket according to claim 1, wherein when the engagement protrusion engages with the shell opening groove, the shaft and the guide are held in a relative positional relationship in which the pair of shells are opened.   The bucket according to claim 2, wherein the engagement groove has a plurality of shell open grooves for adjusting the opening degree of the pair of shells in a stepwise manner.   The bucket according to claim 2, wherein the opening of the pair of shells can be adjusted stepwise by forming the shell open groove in a step shape.