JP2019152705A - Liquid crystal device - Google Patents

Abstract

To effectively prevent an inter-substrate gap between a pair of substrates from being increased due to expansion of liquid crystal caused by temperature rise, and as a result, prevent a deterioration in performance due to the increase of the gap.SOLUTION: The liquid crystal device is a liquid crystal device comprising: a pair of substrates 30 formed in a polygon shape; a frame-like sealant 40 that joins the pair of substrates 30; an alignment film that is arranged on an opposing surface side of the pair of substrates 30; and liquid crystal 35 that is charged in a space formed by the pair of substrates and the sealant. On one side of the polygon substrate, a high surface energy area 51 is arranged between the sealant 40 and the alignment film, and the surface energy of the high surface energy area is made larger than the surface energy of the alignment film.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal element having a liquid crystal, such as a liquid crystal shutter and a liquid crystal display (LCD).

  An example of the basic configuration of a conventional active matrix LCD is shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). 6A is a plan view of the LCD, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A1-A2 of FIG. The LCD includes an array side substrate 31 as one substrate constituting the pair of substrates 30 and a color filter side substrate 36 as the other substrate constituting the pair of substrates 30. The LCD includes an array-side substrate 31 formed of a glass substrate or the like on which a large number of pixel portions 34 including thin film transistors (TFTs) 32 are formed, a glass substrate on which a color filter 37 and a black matrix are formed, and the like. The color filter side substrate 36 is opposed to each other, the substrates 31 and 36 are bonded together at a predetermined interval, and the liquid crystal 35 is filled and sealed between the substrates 31 and 36.

  In general, the color filter side substrate 36 is a common electrode for forming a vertical electric field to be applied to the liquid crystal 35 between the pixel electrode 33 and the main surface on the side facing the TFT 32 and the pixel electrode 33. 39 is formed. In the case of an IPS (In-Plane Switching) type LCD, the common electrode 39 generates a lateral electric field by being arranged in the same plane as the pixel electrode 33 in the pixel portion 34 of the array side substrate 31. Further, in the case of an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) type LCD, the common electrode 39 is arranged on the pixel portion 34 of the array side substrate 31 with an insulating layer sandwiched above or below the pixel electrode 33 to thereby provide an end electric field (Fringe field). Field). Further, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color filters 37 corresponding to the respective pixel portions 33 are formed on the main surface of the color filter side substrate 36 on the liquid crystal 35 side. A black matrix for preventing the light passing through the pixel portion 34 from interfering with each other is arranged so as to surround the outer periphery of the color filter 37. An overcoat layer 38 is formed so as to cover the color filter 37, and a common electrode 39 is formed on the overcoat layer 38.

  The array-side substrate 31 on which a large number of pixel portions 34 including the TFTs 32 are formed has a plurality of gate signal lines 12 (GL1, GL2, GL3, GL) formed in a first direction (for example, the row direction) thereon. GL4 to GLm-1, GLm) and a plurality of image signal lines (source signal lines) formed to intersect the gate signal line 12 in a second direction (for example, the column direction) intersecting the first direction. 13 (SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4 to SLn-1, SLn), a TFT 32 disposed corresponding to each intersection of the gate signal line 12 and the image signal line 13, and a horizontal electric field (horizontal) applied to the liquid crystal 35. A pixel electrode 33 and a common electrode connected to the TFT element 32 and a pixel portion 34 including them. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 41a denotes a gate signal line driving circuit for sequentially inputting gate signals to the gate signal line 12, 41b denotes an image signal line driving circuit for sequentially inputting image signals (source signals) to the image signal line 13, and 5 It is a display part of an image.

  Further, the edge of the main surface on the liquid crystal 35 side of the array side substrate 31 and the edge of the main surface on the liquid crystal 35 side of the color filter side substrate 36 are silicone resin, epoxy resin, synthetic rubber, acrylic resin, allyl resin. They are bonded and sealed by a sealing member 40 made of a composite structure of acrylic resin and epoxy resin. A gate signal line drive circuit 41a and an image signal line drive circuit 41b are arranged on the extended portion E extending to the outside on the main surface of the array side substrate 31 on the liquid crystal 35 side. These circuits consist of thin film circuits having a semiconductor layer made of low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS), or are composed of driving elements such as IC and LSI, and are chip-on-glass. It is mounted by a mounting method such as (Chip On Glass: COG) method. Further, a flexible printed circuit (FPC) 44 for inputting / outputting drive signals, control signals, and the like to / from the gate signal line drive circuit 41a and the image signal line drive circuit 41b from the outside is provided at the edge of the extension E. is set up. Reference numeral 42 denotes a routing wiring for connecting the gate signal line 12 and the gate signal line driving circuit 41a of the LCD, and a routing wiring for connecting the image signal line 13 and the image signal line driving circuit 41b. This is a terminal electrode for electrically connecting the gate signal line drive circuit 41 a and the image signal line drive circuit 41 b and the circuit wiring of the FPC 44.

JP2015-210414A

  The conventional LCD shown in FIG. 6 has the following problems. The LCD is required to operate normally even when the environmental temperature is used in a temperature range of about −40 ° C. to about 100 ° C. However, when the temperature of the liquid crystal 35 reaches a high temperature range of about 40 ° C. or more, the space (gap) d between the pair of substrates 30 (shown in FIG. 6B) due to the volume expansion of the liquid crystal 35. As a result, there has been a problem of performance deterioration such as display performance such as a decrease in contrast and a change in viewing angle. Therefore, in order to prevent the gap d between the pair of substrates 30 from expanding due to the volume expansion of the liquid crystal 35 due to the temperature rise, a configuration in which at least a part of the seal member 40 is formed as a zigzag pattern has been proposed (for example, , See Patent Document 1). In the zigzag pattern sealing member 40, the area of the sealing member 40 existing per unit area is larger than that of the linear sealing member 40, so that the substrates 31 and 36 per unit area are larger than the linear sealing member 40. Improves the fixing force.

  However, even if at least a part of the seal member 40 is formed as a zigzag pattern, there is a problem that it is difficult to suppress the gap d from expanding when the temperature of the liquid crystal 35 reaches a further high temperature range of about 60 ° C. or higher. It was.

  The present invention has been completed in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to effectively suppress the gap between the substrates of a pair of substrates from expanding due to the expansion of liquid crystal due to a temperature rise or the like. It is to make it a liquid crystal element that can suppress performance degradation due to the expansion of.

  The liquid crystal element of the present invention includes a pair of polygonal substrates, a frame-shaped sealing material that joins the pair of substrates, an alignment film disposed on the opposing surface side of the pair of substrates, and the pair of substrates. A liquid crystal element having a liquid crystal filled in a space including a sealing material, wherein a first non-alignment film is formed between the sealing material and the alignment film on one side of the polygonal substrate. A region is arranged, and the surface energy of the first non-alignment film formation region is larger than the surface energy of the alignment film.

  In the liquid crystal element of the present invention, preferably, on the other side of the polygonal substrate, a second non-alignment film forming region is disposed between the sealing material and the alignment film, and the second The surface energy of the non-alignment film forming region is lower than the surface energy of the alignment film.

  In the liquid crystal element of the present invention, preferably, in the first non-alignment film formation region, a lower layer formation film made of titanium is exposed to the liquid crystal layer.

  In the liquid crystal element of the present invention, preferably, the side having the first non-alignment film forming region becomes a tiling side when tiling a plurality of liquid crystal elements.

  The liquid crystal element of the present invention includes a pair of polygonal substrates, a frame-shaped sealing material that joins the pair of substrates, an alignment film disposed on the opposing surface side of the pair of substrates, and the pair of substrates. A liquid crystal element having a liquid crystal filled in a space including a sealing material, wherein a first non-alignment film is formed between the sealing material and the alignment film on one side of the polygonal substrate. Since the surface energy of the first non-alignment film formation region is larger than the surface energy of the alignment film, the affinity with the liquid crystal in the first non-alignment film formation region is improved. The familiarity with the liquid crystal is improved, the liquid crystal is easily wetted at the time of filling and filling, and the filling rate of the liquid crystal is improved.

  In the liquid crystal element of the present invention, on the other side of the polygonal substrate, a second non-alignment film forming region is disposed between the sealing material and the alignment film, and the second non-alignment film Since the surface energy of the formation region is lower than the surface energy of the alignment film, the liquid crystal affinity in the second non-alignment film formation region is deteriorated and the probability of remaining air is increased. As described above, a cavity (air part or vacuum part) where the liquid crystal is not present can be formed on a specific side, and the degree of freedom in design is increased. In addition, the liquid crystal that tends to expand in the plane direction of the pair of substrates due to expansion due to temperature rise or the like can be efficiently relaxed in the cavity, and the expansion of the gap between the substrates of the pair of substrates can be more effectively suppressed. .

  In the liquid crystal element of the present invention, the first non-alignment film formation region is configured such that the lower layer formation film made of titanium is exposed to the liquid crystal layer, so that the surface energy value can be increased to a desired value. it can.

  In the liquid crystal element of the present invention, the side having the first non-alignment film forming region is configured to be a tiling side when tiling a plurality of liquid crystal elements, so that a liquid crystal layer is provided between the liquid crystal elements. Filling can be facilitated, and the cosmetic properties of the tiled liquid crystal element can be ensured.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of an embodiment of the liquid crystal element of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of a portion B in FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another example of the embodiment of the liquid crystal element of the present invention. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing another example of the embodiment of the liquid crystal element of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a plan view of the liquid crystal element, and FIG. It is a partial expanded plan view shown expanding. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another example of the embodiment of the liquid crystal element of the present invention. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing a conventional liquid crystal display device. FIG. 6A is a plan view of the liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A1-A2 of FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the liquid crystal element of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, each drawing referred to below shows a main part for explaining the liquid crystal element of the present invention among the constituent members in the embodiment of the liquid crystal element of the present invention. Therefore, the liquid crystal element according to the present invention may include a well-known constituent member such as a circuit board such as an FPC, a wiring conductor, a control IC, and an LSI not shown in the drawing. 1 to 5 showing the liquid crystal element of the present invention, the same parts and members as those in FIG. 6 showing the conventional LCD are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  1 to 5 show various examples of embodiments of the liquid crystal element of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal element of the present invention includes a pair of substrates 30 that face each other and sandwich the liquid crystal 35, and a seal member that is disposed between the pair of substrates 30 so as to surround the liquid crystal 35. 40 is a liquid crystal element. In the liquid crystal region surrounded by the seal member 40, it is preferable to form a cavity where the liquid crystal 35 is buffered when the liquid crystal 35 expands and no gap variation occurs. However, it is necessary to define the formation position of the cavity. In other words, it is necessary to define the position where the cavity is not created.

  In the liquid crystal element of the present invention, a surface energy region 51 higher than the alignment film is formed on at least one side of the polygon between the seal member 40 and the alignment film region 50. Referring to FIG. 1, 30 a, 30 b and 30 c are high surface energy regions 51. Since the surface energy is higher than that of the alignment film, wetting with the liquid crystal 35 is good, and when the liquid crystal is arranged, the aggressiveness of the liquid crystal is better than other places. Therefore, the cavity is difficult to be formed in the high surface energy region 51.

  In addition, although installation of a cavity part is not essential, in order to form a cavity part suitably, it is preferable to form the low surface energy area | region 52 rather than alignment film. In the case of FIG. 1, it is preferably formed on the side of 30 d forming the extending portion E. Since the surface energy is lower than that of the alignment film, wetting with the liquid crystal 35 is poor, the invasion of the liquid crystal is difficult to proceed, and a cavity is likely to be generated.

  The thickness of the seal member 40 substantially corresponds to the inter-substrate gap of the pair of substrates 30 and is about 1 μm to 5 μm. The width of the seal member 40 is about 0.3 mm to 2 mm.

  When the liquid crystal 35 expands in volume due to a temperature rise, the liquid crystal 35 expands when the outer main surfaces of the pair of substrates 30 are pressed by an external instrument, a person's finger, or the like. When the liquid crystal 35 expands in a direction parallel to the plane, it occurs when the airplane (such as a place where the atmospheric pressure is low) is used in flight or when it is used in or out of an aircraft that stays in the sky.

  By forming the hollow portion, the liquid crystal 35 that is intended to expand in the plane direction of the pair of substrates 30 due to expansion due to temperature rise or the like is efficiently accommodated, and the gap between the pair of substrates 30 is increased. It can be suppressed more effectively. That is, by accommodating the expanding liquid crystal 35 in the cavity, the liquid crystal 35 can be preferentially expanded in the plane direction of the pair of substrates 30, and the expansion of the liquid crystal 35 in the thickness direction can be more effectively suppressed. In addition, the time of non-expansion of the liquid crystal 35 is a time when the temperature of the liquid crystal 35 is a temperature equal to or lower than normal temperature (about 15 ° C. to 25 ° C.), for example, in the case of expansion due to temperature rise.

  Moreover, it is good for a cavity part to contain gas, such as air of lower atmospheric pressure than atmospheric pressure. In general, since the step of enclosing the liquid crystal 35 between the pair of substrates 30 is performed in a vacuum apparatus, the liquid crystal container 50 contains a gas such as air having a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure. Become. In this case, when the liquid crystal 35 expands, the liquid crystal 35 is easily accommodated in the cavity where the internal space is lower than the atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the gas contained in the cavity is not limited to air, but may be an inert gas such as helium, nitrogen, or argon.

  The cavity can be formed by means for adjusting the amount of the liquid crystal 35 in the step of sealing the liquid crystal 35 between the pair of substrates 30. For example, the hollow portion can be formed by adjusting the volume of the pair of glass substrates 30 and the sealing member 40 so that the amount of liquid crystal supplied is reduced and the liquid crystal is not fully filled.

  Further, it is preferable that the hollow portion is in contact with the seal member 40. In this case, the hollow portion can be prevented from entering an effective area such as a display area in the area where the liquid crystal 35 exists. As a result, deterioration in performance such as display performance can be further suppressed. In FIG. 1, the pair of substrates 30 has a rectangular shape, and a region where the liquid crystal 35 is difficult to wet is formed so as to form a hollow portion on one side 30 d. The liquid crystal 35 is encapsulated in various ways such as a dipping method and a dropping method, but the liquid crystal propagates through the surface of the glass substrate. By preventing this propagation, the invasion of the liquid crystal is prevented and a cavity is formed. With this configuration, it is possible to effectively prevent the gap between the substrates (for example, the array side substrate 31 and the color filter side substrate 36) of the pair of substrates 30 from expanding due to the expansion of the liquid crystal 35 due to a temperature rise or the like. Performance degradation due to can be suppressed. Note that the array side substrate 31 and the color filter side substrate 36 constituting the pair of substrates 30 can be the first substrate 31 and the second substrate 36, respectively. 34 is not necessarily required, and the second substrate 36 is not necessarily provided with a color filter or the like. For example, when the liquid crystal element is a liquid crystal shutter or the like, one or a plurality of large-area electrode layers are disposed on the main surfaces of the first substrate 31 and the second substrate 36 constituting the pair of substrates 30. It may be a configuration.

  The shape of the liquid crystal element is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a triangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, a pentagon or more polygon, and a shape including a partially curved side in these shapes.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part B of FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a high surface energy region 51 is formed between the seal member 40 and the alignment film region 50. In the example of FIG. 2, it is arranged on one side 30a and 30b of the rectangle. There is no alignment film on the surface of the high surface energy region, and a substance having a surface energy higher than that of the alignment film is disposed. In the present embodiment, the base film made of titanium (Ti) is exposed. In this embodiment, the wettability is expressed by the surface energy, but the wettability may be rephrased by the numerical value of the contact angle. That is, the relationship between the contact angles of the high surface energy region, the alignment film region, and the low surface energy region is high surface energy region <alignment film region <low surface energy region.

  The titanium layer may be formed on the alignment film by sputtering or the like without exposing the base film. It is important to make the surface in contact with the liquid crystal 35 a layer having a high surface energy. As a film having a high surface energy, nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) can be listed in addition to titanium. In addition, the film having high surface energy is preferably provided on both of the pair of substrates, but may be provided on one of the substrates. When a film having a low surface energy is disposed on one substrate, it is preferable that a film having a high surface energy is also disposed on the same substrate. At this time, the one substrate is preferably the array side substrate 31.

  Further, it is preferable to form a layer having a surface energy lower than that of the alignment film on the surface of the low surface energy region 52. Examples of the film having a low surface energy include fluorine-based resins such as PFA (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer), FEP (tetrafluoroethylene-6 fluoropropylene copolymer), and the like. When a fluorine-based resin is arranged, it may be formed on the alignment film. Preferably, the base material constituting the TFT of the liquid crystal element may be exposed. By using a base material, it can be set as a preferable aspect, without adding a new process. A preferable base material may be a film such as silicon nitride. The film having low surface energy is preferably provided on both of the pair of substrates, but may be provided on one of the substrates.

  Silicon nitride (SiNx) is often used as an interlayer insulating film when forming a TFT, and the alignment film forming region is made small so as to expose the interlayer insulating film. The alignment film is often formed by a transfer method and can be easily formed by adjusting the shape of the transfer plate. Even when the high surface energy region position is formed, the formation region of the alignment film can be adjusted by the shape of the transfer plate.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal element has a rectangular shape, and the high surface energy region 51 is formed on the two sides 30 b and 30 c of the four sides 30 a, 30 b, 30 c, and 30 d, and the remaining two Low surface energy regions 52 were formed on the side portions 30a and 30d. In the present embodiment, there are two rows of wall members 56 in the low surface energy region 52 in order to prevent the cavity from moving. The two rows of wall members 56 include a wall member 56a on the liquid crystal 35 side and a wall member 56b on the liquid crystal container 55 side. According to this configuration, the cavity that enters the effective area of the liquid crystal element can be blocked by efficiently accommodating the cavity. In particular, by making the cut portions of the inner wall member 56a and the outer wall member 56b different from each other, it is possible to more effectively prevent the hollow portion from entering the effective region.

  Further, in the liquid crystal element of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the sealing member 40 has a zigzag pattern 40 g that alternates between the end 30 at side of the pair of substrates 30 and the inside of the pair of substrates 30. The portion is easily generated by the zigzag pattern 40g. That is, the hollow portion exists inside the convex pattern portion 40gt projecting from the liquid crystal 35 side toward the end 30at side of the substrate 36. In this case, since the sealing member 40 is the zigzag pattern 40g, the fixing force for fixing the pair of substrates 30 is improved. As a result, in addition to the effect of suppressing the expansion of the liquid crystal 35 in the thickness direction due to the above-mentioned cavity, it is extremely effective that the gap between the pair of substrates 30 is widened by the expansion of the liquid crystal 35 due to a temperature rise or the like. Can be suppressed.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, the sealing member 40 of the zigzag pattern 40g is preferably arranged in the frame portion g1 having a large width instead of the frame portion g2 having a small width. In this case, it is easy to dispose the sealing member 40 of the zigzag pattern 40g, and it is easy to obtain a large fixing force for fixing the pair of substrates 30. In addition, the seal member 40 of the linear pattern 40s is arrange | positioned at the frame part g2 of a small width. The sealing member 40 of the linear pattern 40s can be disposed, for example, when a frame portion g2 having a small width is provided for narrowing the frame. There are two rows of wall members 66 on the inner side of the seal member 40 of the zigzag pattern 40g, and the two rows of wall members 66 include a wall member 66a on the liquid crystal 35 side and an outer wall member 66b.

  In this example as well, low surface energy regions are formed on the two rectangular side portions 30a and 30d. Further, a high surface energy region is formed on the remaining two sides 30b and 30c. In particular, since the low surface energy region is arranged in the zigzag pattern 40g, the formation of the cavity becomes easier and the cavity is easily trapped.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, the convex pattern portion 40gt of the zigzag pattern 40g has a length L1 in a direction orthogonal to the side portions 30a of the pair of substrates 30 when viewed in plan. It is preferable that the length is longer than the length L2 in the parallel direction. In this case, the volume of the cavity becomes larger, and the fixing force for fixing the pair of substrates 30 is further improved. As a result, expansion of the gap between the pair of substrates 30 due to expansion of the liquid crystal 35 due to temperature rise or the like can be more effectively suppressed. The ratio L1 / L2 between L1 and L2 is preferably about 1.5 to 10 times, more preferably about 2 to 5 times. For example, L1 is about 3 mm to 30 mm, and L2 is about 2 mm to 6 mm. The base part on the liquid crystal 35 side of the convex pattern part 40gt has a base line part 40gb, and the convex pattern part 40gt has a shape protruding from the base line part 40gb to the end 30at side of the pair of substrates 30.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, when a large composite element is formed by aligning four liquid crystal elements, in other words, when tiling four liquid crystal elements, adjacent sides of each liquid crystal element are referred to as tiling sides. Form a high surface energy region on the tiling edge. The tiling side is a side where a plurality of liquid crystal elements need to be joined at a minimum interval, so that a hollow portion is not desired. It is necessary to improve the wettability of the liquid crystal so that the cavity cannot be formed, and this is the side of the high surface energy region. Note that the number and shape of tilings are not limited to squares or four numbers. An octagon or a hexagon can be formed by tiling.

  Further, it is preferable that the side that is not the tiling side is a low surface energy region. The seal part shape on the low surface energy region side may be a zigzag shape, or a wall member may be formed.

  The liquid crystal element of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and may include appropriate changes and improvements. For example, the liquid crystal element may not have a large number of pixel portions 34 for image display as shown in FIG. 6, and each of two substrates constituting a pair of substrates 30 such as a liquid crystal shutter, for example. Alternatively, one or a plurality of large-area electrode layers may be arranged on the main surface. In that case, the liquid crystal container can be provided in a portion where the electrode layer is not provided, and gas such as air contained in the liquid crystal container is prevented from entering the effective region due to the molecular motion of the liquid crystal 35 by driving the liquid crystal 35. be able to.

  The liquid crystal element of the present invention can be applied to various electronic devices as an LCD. The electronic devices include automobile route guidance system (car navigation system), ship route guidance system, aircraft route guidance system, smartphone terminal, mobile phone, tablet terminal, personal digital assistant (PDA), video camera, digital still camera, electronic Notebook, electronic book, electronic dictionary, personal computer, copier, game device terminal, television, product display tag, price display tag, industrial programmable display, car audio, digital audio player, facsimile, printer, cash There are automatic teller machines (ATMs), vending machines, medical monitoring devices, digital display wristwatches, smart watches, head mounted display devices (HMD), and the like.

30 A pair of substrates 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d Side 31 Array side substrate 36 Color filter side substrate 40 Seal member 40g Zigzag pattern 50 Alignment film region 51 High surface energy region 52 Low surface energy region

Claims (4)

A pair of polygonal substrates;
A frame-shaped sealing material for joining the pair of substrates;
An alignment film disposed on opposite sides of the pair of substrates;
Liquid crystal filled in a space composed of the pair of substrates and a sealing material;
A liquid crystal element having
A first non-alignment film formation region is disposed between the sealing material and the alignment film on one side of the polygonal substrate, and the surface energy of the first non-alignment film formation region is the alignment film. A liquid crystal element characterized by being larger than the surface energy.   On the other side of the polygonal substrate, a second non-alignment film formation region is disposed between the sealing material and the alignment film, and the surface energy of the second non-alignment film formation region is The liquid crystal element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal element is lower than the surface energy of the alignment film.   The liquid crystal element according to claim 1, wherein in the first non-alignment film formation region, a lower layer formation film made of titanium is exposed to the liquid crystal layer.   The liquid crystal element according to claim 1, wherein the side having the first non-alignment film forming region is a tiling side when tiling a plurality of liquid crystal elements.