JP2019147291A - Molded object manufacturing apparatus and molded object manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

To improve cooling efficiency without reducing productivity.SOLUTION: A molded object manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional molded object 10 by cooling after solidifying a part of a laminated molding powder 21 has a heat equalizing body supply unit 16 that arranges a heat equalizing body 50 made of a solid and having a higher thermal conductivity than the molding powder 21 in the vicinity of the molded object 10 before cooling. The heat equalizing body 50 preferably has a larger product of density and specific heat than the molding powder 21. The heat equalizing body 50 is preferably a deformable continuous body.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a model manufacturing apparatus and a model manufacturing method.

  As a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional modeled object, a process of forming a model powder layer as a material of the modeled object, and a process of solidifying (sintering) the modeled powder by irradiating each layer with laser light (electromagnetic waves) By repeating the above, a powder laminating method for producing a modeled object which is a laminated body of solidified modeled powder is used. In such a powder laminating method, a step of cooling a shaped article heated by laser light irradiation is required.

  For example, for the purpose of improving the cooling efficiency, when irradiating laser light to the molding powder, a fluid (such as a liquid containing a high proportion of water) that functions as a coolant is discharged to the molding powder layer by an inkjet head. The structure which does is disclosed (patent document 1). Further, when forming a target modeled object by irradiating the modeled powder with laser light, the modeled powder present in the vicinity of the modeled object is solidified to form a hollow cooling body, and the cooling body A configuration in which a refrigerant made of liquid or the like is filled is disclosed (Patent Document 2).

  As described above, when the modeled object is cooled, the cooling efficiency can be improved by supplying a cooling body (coolant) to the vicinity of the modeled object. Here, in the powder laminating method, it is important to improve the productivity by collecting and reusing as many unused shaped powders as possible. However, according to the above prior art, the molding powder is contaminated with a coolant, or the molding powder is used to form an object (cooling body) other than the target modeled object. This causes a problem that the productivity is lowered.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to improve the cooling efficiency without causing a decrease in productivity.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention is a model manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional model by cooling a part of the stacked model powder after solidifying. In the vicinity of the shaped object before cooling, a heat equalizing body supply unit is provided that arranges a heat equalizing body made of a solid and having a higher thermal conductivity than the shaped powder.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the cooling efficiency without causing a decrease in productivity.

Drawing 1 is a figure showing an example of composition of a modeled article manufacturing device concerning an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a powder supply process according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a layer forming process according to the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a heating process according to the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a lowering process according to the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a soaking body supply process according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a side view showing an arrangement example of the heat equalizing bodies according to the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a top view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing bodies according to the embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a shape example of the heat equalizing body according to the embodiment. FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of an experimental result showing the effect of the soaking body. FIG. 11 is a side view showing an example of a modeled object and a soaking body state during the experiment. FIG. 12 is a top view illustrating a state example of a modeled object and a soaking body during the experiment. FIG. 13 is a top view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing bodies according to the first modification of the embodiment. FIG. 14 is a side view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing bodies according to the second modification of the embodiment. FIG. 15 is a top view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing bodies according to the second modification of the embodiment. FIG. 16 is a side view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing bodies according to the third modification of the embodiment. FIG. 17 is a top view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing bodies according to the third modification of the embodiment.

  Embodiments of a modeled object manufacturing apparatus and modeled object manufacturing method will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those in the so-called equivalent range. . Various omissions, substitutions, changes, and combinations of the components can be made without departing from the scope of the following embodiments.

  Drawing 1 is a figure showing the example of composition of modeling object manufacturing device 1 concerning an embodiment. The modeled object manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is an apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional modeled object 10 by a powder lamination method. The modeled article manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a modeling unit 11, a powder supply unit 12, a heating unit 13, a gas supply unit 14, an exhaust unit 15, and a soaking body supply unit 16.

  The modeling unit 11 has a modeling space 27 defined by a modeling stage 25 and a side wall 26. The modeling stage 25 is connected to a driving source 28 such as an electric motor and is displaced up and down. As the modeling stage 25 is displaced, the volume of the accommodation space 27 changes. The modeling space 27 accommodates the modeling powder 21 supplied from the powder supply unit 12. By irradiating the modeling space 27 with the laser beam 30 from the heating unit 13, a part of the modeling powder 21 is solidified and the modeled object 10 is manufactured.

  The powder supply unit 12 is a mechanism that supplies the modeling powder 21 to the modeling space 27. A specific configuration example of the powder supply unit 12 will be described later.

  The heating unit 13 is a mechanism that emits a laser beam 30 that heats and solidifies (sinters) the modeling powder 21 in the modeling space 27. The heating unit 13 according to this example includes a light source 31, an X-axis galvano mirror 32, a Y-axis galvano mirror 33, an X-axis scanning control unit 34, a Y-axis scanning control unit 35, a collimating optical system 36, and a condensing optical system 37. including. The light source 31 is configured using an oscillator such as a carbon dioxide laser, a control mechanism for controlling the output of the oscillator, and the like, and emits the laser light 30 at a timing and intensity according to the situation. The laser beam 30 emitted from the light source 31 is reflected by the X-axis galvanometer mirror 32 and the Y-axis galvanometer mirror 33 and enters the collimating optical system 36. The laser beam 30 collimated by the collimating optical system 36 passes through the condensing optical system 37 and is condensed in the modeling space 27. The laser beam 30 is scanned in the left-right direction in the figure by the X-axis galvanometer mirror 32 and scanned in the depth direction in the figure by the Y-axis galvanometer mirror 33. The angle of the X-axis galvanometer mirror 32 changes according to a control signal from the X-axis scanning control unit 34, and the angle of the Y-axis galvano mirror 33 changes according to a control signal from the Y-axis scanning control unit 35. The X-axis scanning control unit 34 and the Y-axis scanning control unit 35 are configured to include a circuit that generates a control signal based on the cross-sectional shape data of the target object 10.

  The gas supply unit 14 is a mechanism for supplying a gas such as nitrogen into the modeling chamber 38. The modeling chamber 38 can accommodate the modeling part 11, the powder supply part 12, and the soaking | uniform-heating body supply part 16, and can form the sealed space. The modeled object 10 is manufactured in the modeling chamber 38 in a state where the gas supplied from the gas supply unit 14 is filled and sealed. The exhaust unit 15 is a mechanism that exhausts the gas in the modeling chamber 38 to the outside.

  The soaking body supply unit 16 is a mechanism that arranges a soaking body having a soaking action in the vicinity of the molded article 10 after solidification and before cooling. Specific configuration examples of the soaking body supply unit 16 and the soaking body will be described later.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a powder supply process according to the embodiment. In FIG. 2, the structural example of the powder supply part 12 is shown. The powder supply unit 12 includes a supply stage 41, side walls 26 and 42, a moving unit 45, a guide rod 46, and a roller 47. The molding powder 21 before supply is stored in the storage space 43 defined by the supply stage 41 and the side walls 26 and 42. The supply stage 41 is displaced up and down by an appropriate drive source to change the volume of the accommodation space 43. The moving unit 45 is connected to a guide rod 46 that extends in the horizontal direction (left-right direction in the figure) above the accommodation space 43 and the modeling space 27, and moves along the guide rod 46 by a drive source such as a built-in electric motor. Can move horizontally. The roller 47 is rotatably connected to the lower surface portion of the moving unit 45 and is rotated by a drive source such as a built-in electric motor.

  When supplying the modeling powder 21 in the accommodation space 43 to the modeling space 27, the supply stage 41 is raised in the direction of the arrow R1 to push up the modeling powder 21 in the accommodation space 43, and the moving unit 45 is moved to the arrow R2. The roller 47 is rotated in the direction of the arrow R3 while moving in the direction of. Thus, the pushed molding powder 21 is conveyed to the modeling space 27 by the roller 47. The conveyance amount (supply amount) of the modeling powder 21 at this time can be adjusted by the amount of ascent of the supply stage 41.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a layer forming process according to the embodiment. After the powder supply process is completed, a layer forming process for forming the layer 22 of the modeling powder 21 on the modeling stage 25 (in the modeling space 27) is performed. At this time, the roller 47 is rotated in the direction of the arrow R5 while moving the moving unit 45 in the direction of the arrow R4. Thereby, the upper surface of the modeling powder 21 on the modeling stage 25 is scraped off, and a layer 22 having a predetermined thickness is formed (laminated) on the modeling stage 25.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a heating process according to the embodiment. After the completion of the layer forming step, a heating step is performed in which a part of the shaped powder 21 is heated and solidified by irradiating the newly formed layer 22 with the laser beam 30. At this time, the laser beam 30 is scanned as shown by an arrow R6 based on the cross-sectional shape data of the shaped article 10 and the like. The portion irradiated with the laser beam 30 melts almost instantaneously and becomes integrated with the lower solidified portion, and becomes a part of the shaped article 10.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a lowering process according to the embodiment. After completion of the heating step, a lowering step for lowering the solidified layer 22 is performed. At this time, the modeling stage 25 moves in the direction of the arrow R <b> 7 and lowers the layer 22 including a part of the modeled object 10.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a soaking body supply process according to the embodiment. After the end of the descending step, a soaking body supply step is performed in which the soaking body supply unit 16 supplies the soaking body 50 for cooling the molded article 10 uniformly. At this time, the heat equalizing body supply unit 16 moves as illustrated by the arrow R8 in accordance with the shape of the modeled object 10 in the uppermost layer 22, and arranges the heat equalizing body 50 in the vicinity of the modeled object 10.

  The heat equalizing body supply unit 16 according to this example includes a storage unit 51, a discharge unit 52, and a temperature control unit 53. The storage unit 51 is a mechanism for storing the heat equalizing body 50. The discharge unit 52 is a mechanism that discharges the heat equalizing body 50 stored in the storage unit 51 toward the uppermost layer 22. The discharge unit 52 controls discharge timing, discharge amount, and the like by an appropriate electronic control unit. The temperature adjustment unit 53 is a mechanism that adjusts the temperature of the heat equalizing body 50 in the storage unit 51. The temperature adjustment unit 51 is controlled by an appropriate electronic control unit, and adjusts the temperature of the heat equalizing body 50 before discharge to a predetermined temperature. Although the temperature control method by the temperature control part 51 should be suitably set according to use conditions, for example, the difference of the temperature of the soaking | uniform-heating body 50 and the temperature of the modeling powder 21 will be below a predetermined value. It is preferable to adjust the temperature of the soaking body 50. Thereby, the temperature distribution produced at the time of supply of the soaking | uniform-heating body 50 can be made small. The entire soaking body supply unit 16 is connected to an appropriate drive mechanism, and can be moved to an arbitrary position on the modeling space 27 under the control of an appropriate electronic control unit. Thereby, the heat equalizing body 50 can be disposed at an arbitrary position on the layer 22.

  After the above-mentioned soaking body supply process is completed, the molded article 10 having a desired shape can be manufactured by appropriately repeating the powder supplying process, the layer forming process, the heating process, the descending process, and the soaking body supplying process. The soaking body 50 can be arranged in accordance with the shape of the shaped article 10. In addition, the soaking | uniform-heating body supply process does not necessarily need to be performed with respect to all the layers 22, and may be performed for every predetermined | prescribed layer 22. FIG. For example, in the case where the heat equalizing body 50 has a thickness corresponding to the plurality of layers 22, it is possible to omit the heat equalizing body supplying step for several layers 22 corresponding to the thickness of the heat equalizing body 50.

  FIG. 7 is a side view showing an arrangement example of the heat equalizing body 50 according to the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a top view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing body 50 according to the embodiment. The soaking body 50 is arranged at a predetermined distance D from the modeled object 10 along the shape of the modeled object 10. The distance D should be appropriately set according to the use conditions, but the temperature distribution during cooling of the molded article 10 can be sufficiently reduced by the action of the soaking body 50, that is, the molded article 10 by the temperature distribution. It is set so that deformation (warp, distortion, etc.) can be prevented.

  The soaking body 50 is an object having an effect of improving the cooling efficiency of the molded article 10, and has a higher thermal conductivity than the modeling powder 21. By disposing such a soaking body 50 in the vicinity of the modeled object 10, the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the modeled object 10 can be reduced, and the heat diffusion efficiency (cooling efficiency) can be improved. The soaking body 50 preferably has a larger product of density and specific heat than the shaped powder 21. The greater the product of density and specific heat, the greater the temperature effect on the adjacent substance (modeling powder 21), so that a sufficient soaking effect can be obtained even if the volume of the soaking body 10 is reduced. .

  Moreover, since the soaking | uniform-heating body 50 must be isolate | separated from the shaping | molding powder 21 which finally remained, it is preferable to have a property with high separability with respect to the shaping powder 21. FIG. From such a viewpoint, it is preferable that the soaking body 50 is made of a solid, and is particularly a continuous body. Moreover, it is preferable that the soaking | uniform-heating body 50 is a deformable continuous body so that it can respond to the various shapes of the molded article 10. FIG. Therefore, it is preferable that the soaking body 50 is a chain body, a linear body, a foil body, or the like.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a shape example of the heat equalizing body 50 according to the embodiment. Here, a chain-shaped soaking body 50 is illustrated.

  The soaking body 50 preferably has magnetism different from that of the modeling powder 21. Specifically, when the modeling powder 21 is a non-magnetic material, the soaking body 50 is preferably a magnetic material, and when the modeling powder 21 is a magnetic material, the soaking material 50 is a non-magnetic material. The body is preferred. Thereby, the modeling powder 21 and the soaking | uniform-heating body 50 can be isolate | separated using magnetic force.

  The modeling powder 21 should be appropriately selected according to the target modeling object 10, but in the case of a resin, for example, PC (polycarbonate), PA12 (polyamide 12), PEI (polyetherimide) , PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PSU (polysulfone), PA66 (polyamide 66), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), LCP (liquid crystal polymer), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), POM (polyacetal), PSF (polysulfone), PA6 (Polyamide 6), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), and the like. The modeling powder 21 is not limited to the crystalline resin, but may be a mixed resin of crystalline and amorphous. In the case of a metal, the modeling powder 21 can be, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, iron, titanium, metal carbide, metal nitride, or the like.

  The material of the heat equalizing body 50 should be appropriately selected according to the use conditions, and may be, for example, copper, aluminum, stainless steel (magnetic or nonmagnetic), copper iron alloy, ferrite, or the like. Copper, aluminum, and copper-iron alloy have high thermal conductivity of 400 W / mK to 100 W / mK among metals, and can be said to be useful materials as the soaking body 50. As described above, the shape of the soaking body 50 is preferably a deformable continuous body, but is not limited thereto, and may be a particulate body or the like. Even a particulate material can be separated from the shaped powder 21 by utilizing magnetic force, centrifugation, or the like.

  As described above, it is preferable that the soaking body 50 has a higher thermal conductivity than the modeling powder 21 and has magnetism different from that of the modeling powder 21. Since the copper iron alloy has a high thermal conductivity and magnetism, when the non-magnetic shaped powder 21 is used, it is mentioned as a suitable material for the soaking body 50. When the molded article 10 (modeling powder 21) is a resin containing a magnetic material such as ferrite, it is preferable to use nonmagnetic stainless steel or the like as the soaking body 50. A resin containing ferrite or the like as a filler is used as a molded product that is magnetized to become a magnet, or a molded product that is not magnetized to increase the specific gravity.

  Further, as described above, the soaking body 50 is more effective because the larger the product of density and specific heat, the greater the influence of temperature on the adjacent substance (modeling powder 21). Table 1 below exemplifies the product of the density and specific heat of representative ones of the soaking body 50 and the modeling powder 21.

  FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of an experimental result showing the effect of the soaking body 50. FIG. 11 is a side view showing a state example of the shaped article 10 and the soaking body 50 during the experiment. FIG. 12 is a top view showing a state example of the modeled object 10 and the heat equalizing body 50 during the experiment.

  In this experimental example, the flat shaped object 10 is manufactured, the heat equalizing body 50 is arranged at a position away from the shaped object 10 by the distance D, and a plurality of parts provided between the shaped object 10 and the heat equalizing body 50 are provided. The temperature at each measurement point 61 was measured with a thermocouple, and the temperature difference between each measurement point 61 was measured. The temperature difference at each measurement point 61 indicates the magnitude of the temperature distribution (variation in thermal diffusion) when the molded article 10 is cooled. In this experimental example, the temperature difference when the distance D was changed to 3 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 60 mm, and 150 mm and whether or not the modeled object 10 was warped were measured. In addition, the measurement results were compared between the case where the chain-shaped soaking body 50 was used and the case where the particulate soaking body 50 was used. The size of the shaped object 10 used in this experiment is 100 mm × 20 mm × 1 mm, and the chain-shaped soaking body 50 is an iron ball chain (having a rhodium-plated ball diameter of 300 μm shown in the uppermost part of FIG. 9). The particulate soaking body 50 was copper particles having a particle diameter of about 100 μm.

  As shown in FIG. 10, it can be said that the greater the distance D, the greater the temperature difference, and the greater the temperature difference, the easier the warpage of the shaped article 10 occurs. This is because the soaking effect of the soaking body 50 decreases as the distance D increases, and the temperature distribution during cooling of the shaped article 10 increases. In this experimental example, it was confirmed that the possibility of warping increases when the temperature difference exceeds 5 ° C. Therefore, the distance D is preferably set so that the temperature difference at the plurality of measurement points 61 is 5 ° C. or less. In addition, the temperature difference when the chain-shaped soaking body 50 was used was generally smaller than the temperature difference when the particulate soaking body 50 was used. This indicates that the chain-shaped soaking body 50 has a greater soaking effect because the heat flow is more easily secured than the particulate soaking body 50. Further, when the chain-shaped soaking body 50 was used, the soaking body 50 could be easily separated from the modeling powder 21 after cooling. When the particulate heat equalizing body 50 is used, the heat equalizing body 50 and the molding powder 21 having different magnetic properties are separated using a magnet, or the heat equalizing body 50 and the molding powder 21 having different specific gravities are separated. Can be separated using a cyclone (centrifuge).

  As described above, according to the modeled article manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, soaking that has a higher thermal conductivity than the modeled powder 10 is made of a solid in the vicinity of the modeled article 10 when the modeled powder 21 is laminated. A body 50 is arranged. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the temperature distribution at the time of cooling of the molded article 10 can be suppressed to the minimum. Moreover, it becomes possible to arrange | position the heat equalization body 10 appropriately according to the shape of the molded article 10, by using the deformable continuous body (chain shape, linear shape, foil shape, etc.). The soaking body 50 can be easily separated from the remaining shaped powder 21. Even when the particulate heat equalizing body 50 is used, it can be separated relatively easily by using magnetic force or centrifugal separation. Thus, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to improve the cooling effect of the shaped article 10 without causing contamination of the shaped powder 21 and unnecessary consumption.

  Below, the modification of embodiment is shown. FIG. 13 is a top view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing body 50 according to the first modification of the embodiment. The heat equalizing body 50 according to this example is arranged so that an opening 55 for avoiding the discharge portion 52 of the heat equalizing body supplying section 16 from coming into contact with the discharged heat equalizing body 50 is formed. When the soaking body 50 has a certain thickness in the stacking direction, it is preferable to move the soaking body supply unit 16 through such an opening 55.

  FIG. 14 is a side view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing body 50 according to the second modification of the embodiment. FIG. 15 is a top view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing body 50 according to the second modification of the embodiment. The modeled object 10 according to this example has a hollow part 20, and the heat equalizing body 50 is arranged not only around the modeled object 10 but also inside the hollow part 20. Thus, when manufacturing the molded article 10 having the hollow portion 20, the temperature equalizing body 50 is also disposed in the hollow portion 20, so that the temperature of the molded article 10 is sufficiently uniformed. Is possible.

  FIG. 16 is a side view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing body 50 according to the third modification of the embodiment. FIG. 17 is a top view illustrating an arrangement example of the heat equalizing body 50 according to the third modification of the embodiment. In the present example, two shaped objects 10 are formed in the modeling space 27 so as to be aligned in the stacking direction, and the soaking body 50 is disposed between the two shaped objects 10. As described above, when a plurality of shaped objects 10 are manufactured at a time, the temperature equalizing body 50 is also arranged between the shaped objects 10, so that all the shaped objects 10 are sufficiently heated. Is possible.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, the said embodiment is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. The novel embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. This embodiment and its modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Modeling object manufacturing apparatus 10 Modeling object 11 Modeling part 12 Powder supply part 13 Heating part 14 Gas supply part 15 Exhaust part 16 Heat equality body supply part 20 Hollow part 21 Modeling powder 22 Layer 25 Modeling stage 26 Side wall 27 Modeling space 28 Drive source 30 Laser light 31 Light source 32 X-axis galvanometer mirror 33 Y-axis galvanometer mirror 34 X-axis scan control unit 35 Y-axis scan control unit 36 Parallelizing optical system 37 Condensing optical system 38 Modeling chamber 41 Supply stage 42 Side wall 43 Supply space 45 Moving part 46 Guide rod 47 Roller 50 Heat equalizing body 51 Storage part 52 Discharge part 53 Temperature control part 55 Opening part 61 Measuring point

Special table 2017-509509 gazette Japanese Patent No. 5669908

Claims (9)

It is a molded article manufacturing apparatus that manufactures a three-dimensional molded article by cooling after solidifying a part of the laminated molded powder,
In the vicinity of the shaped object before cooling, a heat equalizing body supply unit that is made of a solid and arranges a heat equalizing body having a higher thermal conductivity than the shaped powder,
A model manufacturing apparatus comprising: The soaking body has a larger product of density and specific heat than the shaped powder,
The molded article manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1. The soaking body is a deformable continuum,
The molded article manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. The soaking body is a chain.
The molded article manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3. The soaking body is a powder.
The molded article manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. The modeling powder is a non-magnetic material,
The soaking body is a magnetic body.
The molded article manufacturing apparatus of any one of Claims 1-5. The modeling powder is a magnetic body,
The soaking body is a non-magnetic body.
The molded article manufacturing apparatus of any one of Claims 1-5. When arranging the soaking body on the modeling powder, a temperature control unit that regulates the temperature of the soaking body so that the temperature difference from the modeling powder is a predetermined value or less,
The shaped article manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: A solid product manufacturing method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model by cooling after solidifying a part of the stacked modeling powder,
A step of arranging a soaking body that is made of a solid and has a higher thermal conductivity than the shaped powder in the vicinity of the shaped object before cooling,
Manufacturing method including