JP2019132439A - Apparatus and method for drying high-moisture biomass resource - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a relatively small and energy-saving drying apparatus that does not discharge steam into the air, the steam being generated from an object to be dried, a high-moisture biomass, and uses evaporation heat the steam has to dry the object.SOLUTION: In a drying apparatus and drying method, a screw is rotated in a space inside a cylindrical shell to transport an object to be dried, and overheated steam is passed through a cylindrical hollow portion and a hollow portion in a screw blade to dry the object indirectly. The object is evaporated at a low temperature by putting the object in a negative-pressure chamber and heating it. The low-temperature steam is suctioned and compressed with a suction compressor to change the steam into overheated steam. The overheated steam is used to heat the negative-pressure chamber, thereby evaporating moisture in the object indirectly. In this process, because evaporation heat used when drying the object is given back as condensation heat, the drying can be performed without discharging wasted thermal energy into the outside of the drying apparatus.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for efficiently drying a high water content biomass resource.

  Carbon-neutral biomass includes livestock manure, food waste, sludge, sewage sludge, thinned wood, building waste, and peat. Effective use of these biomasses as energy resources has been carried out. Techniques such as carbonization, fermentation, and gasification are used as methods for recycling. Above all, the carbonization technology is being improved and improved and researched and developed because of its excellent storage and raw material properties.

  However, among these biomass, livestock manure, food waste, sewage sludge, peat and the like have high water content, so carbonization treatment is inefficient and it is difficult to obtain carbonized fuel having high energy. In order to improve this problem, Patent Document 1 has been proposed.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a first carbonization process in which low-moisture-containing biomass is carbonized to produce a first-stage carbonized fuel and dry-distilled gas, and a high-moisture-containing biomass is obtained by burning dry-distilled gas obtained in the first carbonization process. It is comprised from the drying process made into dry biomass by drying with the heat | fever of the high temperature combustion gas produced | generated, and the 2nd carbonization process which dry-distills the dry biomass obtained at the drying process and makes it a 2nd process carbonization fuel.

JP 2010-241936 A

However, in Patent Document 1, since the high moisture content biomass is dried by the heat of the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas obtained by burning the dry distillation gas obtained in the first carbonization step, it is converted into the dry biomass. In order to dry the high moisture content biomass of the process, the first carbonization process is necessary, and there is a problem that the facility becomes large-scale.
In addition, high water content biomass is dried by the heat of the high temperature combustion gas obtained by burning the dry gas obtained in the carbonization process, but a large amount of steam generated in the process of carbonizing the high water content biomass is released into the atmosphere. The heat energy cannot be used effectively.
In addition, in order to clear the exhaust gas regulations associated with atmospheric release, a large amount of steam is reheated to 800 ° C. or higher, dust is removed, and cooling processing is performed to 200 ° C. or lower, and a large amount of energy is used. Release of steam into the atmosphere results in a waste of heat energy because a large amount of heat of vaporization stored in the steam is discarded. Moreover, using biomass as an energy resource is a major negative factor.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the drying apparatus of the present invention has a cylindrical outer shell having an input port at one end and a discharge port at the other end, and a transfer means in the cylindrical inner space of the outer shell. A drying apparatus for drying objects containing moisture,
The cylindrical outer shell includes a cylindrical inner cylindrical body, and an outer cylindrical body arranged by forming a cylindrical hollow portion on the outer side thereof,
The transfer means is provided in the inner cylindrical body, has a spiral hollow portion, is rotatably supported by support portions provided at both ends of the outer shell, and includes screw blades for transferring an object to be dried,
Superheated steam is passed through the cylindrical hollow part and the hollow part of the screw blade.

  According to the drying apparatus of the present invention, since the superheated steam is passed through the hollow portion of the outer shell and the hollow portion of the rotating screw blade, the material to be dried is transferred by the screw blade, and the outer shell or It is possible to dry the object to be dried by indirectly heating and evaporating the moisture of the object to be dried through the screw blade member. Moreover, since it is an indirect heating using superheated steam, the steam supplied to the hollow portion is not contaminated and does not adversely affect the environment. Moreover, since only the spiral screw blades do not have a shaft, the material to be dried is less likely to get entangled with the shaft or the like when the material to be dried is transferred.

  The drying apparatus of Embodiment 1 is characterized in that a spiral partition material is provided over the entire length of the outer shell in a cylindrical hollow portion formed by the inner cylindrical body and the outer cylindrical body.

  According to the first embodiment, since the spiral partition material is provided in the cylindrical hollow portion of the outer shell over the entire length of the outer shell, the hollow portion is formed into a spiral hollow, When passing superheated steam, the outer shell can be heated uniformly.

  The drying apparatus according to the second embodiment is characterized in that the pitch of the screw blades is reduced in the direction of transfer of the object to be dried.

  According to the second embodiment, the object to be dried evaporates moisture during transfer and the volume is reduced, but the pitch of the screw blades is reduced in the transfer direction. A contact state is maintained without generating a gap therebetween, and heat conduction from the superheated steam to the object to be dried continues.

  In the drying device of Embodiment 3, the screw blades are integrally attached to the outer peripheral surface of a hollow shaft having a hollow portion rotatably supported by support portions provided at both ends of the outer shell, Superheated steam is passed through the cylindrical hollow portion, the spiral hollow portion of the screw blade and the hollow portion of the hollow shaft.

  According to the third embodiment, the screw blade is integrally attached to an outer peripheral surface of a hollow shaft having a hollow portion rotatably supported by support portions provided at both ends of the outer shell, and the outer shell cylinder Since the superheated steam is passed through the hollow portion, the spiral hollow portion of the screw blade and the hollow portion of the hollow shaft, the surface area of the object to be dried is in contact with the outer shell, the hollow shaft and the spiral hollow screw blade. Can be widely and efficiently dried.

  The drying apparatus according to the fourth embodiment includes a preheating unit that is provided outside the drying apparatus and heats the object to be dried to such an extent that the moisture of the object to be dried does not reach the boiling point before transferring the object to be dried to the drying unit. And a discharge port of the preheating unit and a charging port of the drying device are communicated with each other.

  According to the fourth embodiment, a preheating unit is provided outside the drying apparatus and heated to such an extent that the moisture of the material to be dried does not reach the boiling point under atmospheric pressure before transferring the material to be dried to the drying unit, Since the discharge port of the preheating unit and the input port of the drying device communicate with each other, the material to be dried can be preheated before being input to the drying unit, and drying in the drying unit can be performed efficiently. .

The preheating unit of the drying apparatus according to the fifth embodiment includes a cylindrical preheating unit outer shell having an input port at one end and a discharge port at the other end, and the transfer of the preheating unit to the cylindrical inner space of the outer shell. With means,
The outer shell of the cylindrical preheating part includes an inner cylinder of the cylindrical preheating part, and an outer cylinder of the preheating part arranged and formed with a cylindrical hollow part on the outer side thereof,
The preheating part transfer means is in the inner cylindrical body of the preheating part, forms a spiral hollow part, and is preheated rotatably supported by support parts provided at both ends of the outer shell of the preheating part. Part of the screw blades,
Superheated steam or high-temperature condensed water is passed through the cylindrical hollow part of the preheating part and the hollow part of the screw blade of the preheating part.

  According to the fifth embodiment, since the superheated steam or high-temperature condensed water supplied from the drying unit is used for preheating, the heat of the compressed and superheated steam and the heat of the condensed water are also used for preheating. Heat can be used effectively.

  In the drying device of the sixth embodiment, the superheated steam or high-temperature condensed water in the drying unit is placed in the hollow part formed by the inner cylinder of the preheating part and the outer cylinder of the preheating part and in the hollow part of the screw blade of the preheating part. The pipe to be sent is provided between the drying section and the preheating section.

  According to the sixth embodiment, the superheated steam or high-temperature condensed water of the drying unit is fed into the hollow part formed by the inner cylinder of the preheating part and the outer cylinder of the preheating part and the hollow part of the screw blade of the preheating part. Since the pipe which passes is provided between the said drying part and the said preheating part, the thermal energy of the superheated steam and condensed water of a drying part can be used for a preheating part, and a thermal energy can be utilized effectively.

  The drying device of the seventh embodiment sucks the steam generated from the material to be dried in the space between the outer shell and the screw blade and puts the space in a negative pressure state, and compresses the sucked steam to superheated steam. The suction / compression unit is provided outside the drying unit.

  According to the seventh embodiment, in the space between the outer shell and the screw blade, the steam generated from the material to be dried is sucked and the space is brought into a negative pressure state, and the sucked steam is compressed into superheated steam. Since the suction / compression section is provided outside the drying section, the steam generated from the object to be dried is sucked into the space between the outer shell and the screw blade and the space is brought into a negative pressure state. Even when the water content of the product is 100 ° C. or lower, it boils and can be dried with less heat energy.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the method for drying a moisture-containing material of the present invention is a process of rotating the screw blades to transfer the material to be dried from the inlet to the outlet. The superheated steam is passed through the spiral hollow portion of the outer shell and the spiral hollow portion of the screw blade, and the dried material is brought into contact with the outer shell and the screw blade. The material to be dried is dried by evaporating the water.

  According to the drying method of the present invention, in order to solve the above-described problems, the method for drying a water-containing material to be dried according to the present invention comprises rotating the screw blades to move the material to be dried from the inlet to the outlet. In the process of moving toward the outside, the superheated steam is passed through the spiral hollow portion of the outer shell and the spiral hollow portion of the screw blade, and the material to be dried is brought into contact with the outer shell and the screw blade. Since the moisture of the material to be dried is evaporated by the heat of steam, the material to be dried is dried, so that the material to be dried can be transferred with a screw blade, and the material to be dried indirectly through the outer shell and the screw blade member during the transfer. The water can be evaporated and dried. Moreover, since it is indirect heating, the vapor | steam supplied to the hollow part is not polluted and does not have a bad influence on an environment.

  According to the drying method of the first embodiment, the steam generated from the object to be dried is sucked into the outer shell, the inside of the outer shell is brought to a negative pressure (the surrounding environment of the object to be dried), and the sucked steam Is compressed into superheated steam, and the superheated steam is passed through the hollow portion of the outer shell and the spiral hollow portion of the screw blade.

  According to the first embodiment, the steam generated from the object to be dried is sucked inside the outer shell, and the inside of the outer shell is brought to a negative pressure (the surrounding environment of the object to be dried) and the sucked steam is compressed. Since the superheated steam is passed through the hollow portion of the outer shell and the spiral hollow portion of the screw blade, the inside of the outer shell is made negative pressure, so that the object to be dried can be obtained even at a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower. The water can be boiled. Also, by compressing low-temperature (100 ° C or lower) steam generated inside the outer shell, superheated steam (200 ° C or lower) is generated, and the superheated steam is sent to the hollow part of the outer shell or screw blade. It can be heated at a high temperature and the drying efficiency can be increased.

  According to the drying method of the second embodiment, the superheated steam generated in the suction / compression unit is used for evaporating and drying the moisture of the material to be dried in the drying unit, and the material to be dried is transferred to the drying unit. It is characterized by being used as preheating that is heated in advance to such an extent that the moisture in the material to be dried in the preheating part does not reach the boiling point.

  According to the second embodiment, since the superheated steam generated in the suction / compression section is used in the drying section and the preheating section, the thermal energy of the superheated steam can be used effectively without waste.

Schematic diagram of the entire device Cross section inside drying section Cross section of the dry shell Cross section of the preheating section Cross section of preheated shell Schematic diagram of suction / compression unit

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an entire apparatus for drying biomass resources (livestock manure, food waste, sewage sludge, peat, etc.), which is a material to be dried containing a lot of water, according to the present invention.
The drying apparatus 1 for drying a biomass resource containing a large amount of water will be briefly described based on FIG. 1. The drying apparatus 1 is generally a suction unit that sucks or compresses steam generated from the drying unit 2 and biomass resources. It consists of a preheating unit 4 on the upstream side of the compression unit 3 and the drying unit 2.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drying unit 2 includes a cylindrical outer shell 20, and the cylindrical outer shell 20 includes a cylindrical inner cylindrical body 21 and a cylindrical hollow portion outside thereof. The outer cylinder 22 is formed and arranged. The outer shell 20 has an inlet 23 formed through the inner cylindrical body 21 and the outer cylindrical body 22 on the upstream side in the transfer direction of the object to be dried and a discharge port 24 formed on the inner side in the downstream side. It is formed so as to penetrate through the cylindrical body 21 and the outer cylindrical body 22. The insertion port 23 communicates with a relay hopper 80 described later. The discharge port 24 faces an opening of a storage container 83 to be described later.
The space inside the outer shell 20, that is, the cylindrical hollow portion formed by the cylindrical inner cylindrical body 21 and the outer cylindrical body 22 arranged on the outer side thereof is partitioned by a spiral partition plate 25 to form a spiral shape. The hollow portion 26 is formed.

A screw conveyor 6 having a helical screw blade 62 around a shaft 61 is provided inside the cylinder of the cylindrical inner cylinder 21 as a transfer means. The screw conveyor 6 is rotatably supported at both ends of a shaft 61 by bearings 6A and 6B attached so as to close both ends of the outer shell 20. The screw conveyor 6 is rotated by a motor (not shown).
The shaft 61 has an axial core formed in the hollow portion 611. The screw blade 62 is formed with a spiral hollow portion 621 in its thick portion.
The screw blades 62 have a helical pitch that narrows from the upstream side to the downstream side of the screw conveyor 6.
A hollow portion 6AA is formed in the bearing 6A, and a hollow portion 6BB is formed in the bearing 6B, and communicates with the hollow portion 611 and the hollow portion 621, respectively. The hollow portion 611 and the hollow portion 621 are also in communication with each other.
Note that the screw conveyor 6 may support only the screw blades 62 except for the shaft 61 at the bearings 6A and 6B.
Further, the screw blade 62 does not form a spiral hollow portion 621 in the thick portion thereof, but a thin hollow pipe is processed into a spiral shape having a different curvature and an equal helical pitch, and these are spirally stacked. A screw blade having a substantially hollow portion may be used.

As shown in FIG. 1, the suction / compression unit 3 sucks and compresses the steam generated from the material to be dried in the space 2 </ b> A between the outer shell 20 of the drying unit 2 and the screw conveyor 6 and is compressed. Steam is supplied to the hollow portion 26 of the outer shell 20, the hollow portion 611 of the shaft 61, and the hollow portion 621 of the screw blade 62.
As shown in FIG. 6, the suction / compression section 3 includes a rod 31 that reciprocates, a piston 32 attached to the tip of the rod, and a cylinder 33 that reciprocates the piston. The rod 31 is a crank that is operated by a motor (not shown). It reciprocates via 34.
There are inlets 35 and 35 and outlets 36 and 36 on both end faces of the piston, respectively, and the operation of check valves 37 and 37 and check valves 38 and 38 controls the entry and exit of steam in the piston.
A suction pipe 2B that passes through a plurality of appropriate locations of the outer shell 20 and opens into the space 2A is connected to the inlets 35 and 35 via a dust remover 2C. The outlets 36 and 36 are provided with the compressed and superheated steam between the hollow portion 6BB of the bearing 6B, and the steam compressed in the piston is formed into the hollow portion 6BB of the bearing 6B and eventually the hollow portion of the outer shell 20. 26 and a supply pipe 2 </ b> D to be supplied to the hollow portions 611 and 621 of the screw conveyor 6 are connected.
The mechanism of the suction / compression unit may be a rotary type, a multistage turbine type, or the like.

The hole 612 provided in the shaft 61 on the side supported by the bearing 6A allows steam passing through the hollow portions 611 and 621 of the screw conveyor 6 or condensed water that has become liquid in the hollow portions 611 and 621 to be provided in the bearing 6A. It is a hole discharged to the hollow portion 6AA.
On the other hand, the hole 613 provided in the shaft 61 on the side supported by the bearing 6B is a hole for supplying the steam supplied from the supply pipe 2D to the hollow portions 611 and 612 of the screw conveyor 6 from the hollow portion 6BB of the bearing 6B. .

  A hole 29 is provided at the lower end of the outer cylindrical body 22 of the outer shell 20, and is a hole for discharging condensed water generated in the hollow portion 26 in the outer shell 20. Then, the condensed water generated in the hollow portion 26 of the outer shell 20 exits from the hole 29 and flows down the soot provided therebelow. A condensed water drain 27 is provided for collecting the condensed water and the condensed water coming out of the hole 612 of the shaft 6. The condensate drain 27 that is integral with the tub is airtight. A pump 28 is installed in the condensed water drain 27.

  The discharge port 24 is connected to a storage container 83 that stores an object to be dried dried in the drying unit 2. The storage container 83 has an airtight gate 84.

  The charging port 23 of the drying unit 2 is connected to a relay hopper 80 that temporarily accumulates an object to be dried heated in a preheating unit described later before the drying unit 2 is charged. The relay hopper 80 is provided with airtight gates 81 and 82 on both the inlet side and the outlet side, and the air pressure on the drying unit 2 side is always kept at a negative pressure so as not to be equal to the atmospheric pressure on the preheating unit side.

The preheating unit 4 is structurally similar to the drying unit 2. That is, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the preheating unit 4 includes a cylindrical outer shell 40, and the cylindrical outer shell 40 has a cylindrical inner cylindrical body 41 and a cylindrical hollow on the outside thereof. It consists of the outer cylinder 42 arranged and forming a part. Further, the outer shell 40 is formed with an inlet 43 formed through the inner cylindrical body 41 and the outer cylindrical body 42 on the upstream side in the transfer direction of the object to be dried, and the outlet 44 is formed on the inner side with the downstream side. A cylindrical body 41 and the outer cylindrical body 42 are formed so as to penetrate therethrough. The input port 43 is connected to the discharge port of the storage hopper 10 that inputs and stores an object to be dried from the outside of the drying apparatus 1. The storage hopper 10 has a substantially funnel shape, and includes a charging gate 12 and a discharging gate 13.
The discharge port 44 is connected to the entrance side of the relay hopper 80.

  In the cylindrical hollow part formed by the inside of the outer shell 40, that is, the cylindrical inner cylindrical body 41 and the outer cylindrical body 42 arranged outside thereof, the space is partitioned by a spiral partition plate 45 to form a spiral shape. The hollow portion 46 is formed. The pitch of the spiral partition plate 45 is narrowed toward the downstream side.

A screw conveyor 5 having a helical screw blade 52 around a shaft 51 is provided inside the cylinder of the cylindrical inner cylinder 41. The screw conveyor 5 is rotatably supported at both ends of a shaft 51 by a bearing 5A and a bearing 5B attached so as to close both ends of the outer shell 40. The screw conveyor 5 is rotated by a motor (not shown).
The shaft 51 is hollow and forms a hollow portion 511. The screw blade 52 has a spiral hollow portion 521 formed in the thick portion thereof.
The bearings 5A and 5B have hollow portions 5AA and 5BB, respectively, and communicate with the hollow portion 511 and the hollow portion 521.
In addition, you may make it the screw conveyor 5 support only the screw blade | wing 52 except for the axis | shaft 51 to the bearings 5A and 5B.
Further, the screw blade 52 does not form a spiral hollow portion 521 in the thick portion thereof, but a thin hollow pipe is processed into a spiral shape having a different curvature and an equal helical pitch, and these are spirally stacked. A screw blade having a substantially hollow portion may be used.

The hole 53 provided in the shaft 51 on the side supported by the bearing 5B is a high-temperature condensate sent from the pump 28 provided in the condensate drain 27 of the drying unit 2 to the hollow portion 5BB of the bearing 5B via the pipe 14. It is a hole for supplying water to the hollow part 511 of the shaft 51 and the hollow part 521 of the screw blade 52.
On the other hand, the hole 54 provided in the shaft 51 on the side supported by the bearing 5A is a hole through which condensed water that has passed through the hollow portions 511 and 521 of the screw conveyor 5 flows into the hollow portion 5AA of the bearing 5A.

  Between the hollow part 46 between the cylindrical inner cylinder 41 and the cylindrical outer cylinder 42 and the hollow part 26 of the outer shell of the drying part 2, the hollow part of the outer shell 20 of the drying part 2. The high-pressure superheated steam that has not been condensed in the hollow portion 611 of the shaft 61 of the screw conveyor 6 and the hollow portion 621 of the screw blade 62 is not condensed into the condensed water. In order to supply, a pipe 15 is provided. The pipe 15 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 16 in the middle thereof.

  Note that high-temperature condensed water is supplied to the hollow portion 511 and the hollow portion 521 through the pipe 14 from the hole 53 provided in the shaft 51 by the pump 28, but the pipe 14 is connected to the hollow portion 46 of the outer shell 40. The inside of the hollow portion 46 may be heated with condensed water. In this case, the hole 49 provided in the outer cylinder 42 is not provided.

  In addition, the superheated steam that has not become condensed water in the drying unit 2 is supplied to the hollow portion 46 through the pipe 15 described above. However, the pipe 15 is communicated with the hollow portion 5BB of the bearing 5B, so that the drying unit 2 The superheated steam may be supplied from the hole 53 to the hollow portion 511 of the shaft 51 and the hollow portion 521 of the screw blade 52 to heat the screw conveyor 5 with the superheated steam. In this case, the water which has consumed the heat of vaporization in the hollow portions 511 and 521 to become condensed water flows out from the hole 54 to the hollow portion 5AA of the bearing 5A.

In order to discharge the steam that has not been condensed among the steam supplied to the hollow portion 46 between the inner cylinder 41 and the outer cylinder 42, an exhaust pipe 17 provided through the outer cylinder is provided. The exhaust pipe 17 is exposed to the water in the water tank 19. It is cooled by the water in the water tank 19 and becomes low-temperature condensed water.
The water that has become condensed water among the high-temperature steam in the hollow portion 46 in the outer shell 40 is discharged from a discharge hole 49 formed in the lower end of the outer cylindrical body 42. In order to receive the water, a bowl-shaped condensed water drain 47 is provided at the lower end portion of the outer cylindrical body 42.

Reference numeral 56 denotes a low-temperature gas extraction pipe for sending a low-temperature gas such as ammonia generated from an object to be dried in a space 55 between the outer shell 40 and the screw conveyor 5 to a deodorizing device (not shown). The space 55 is desired.
Since the low temperature generated gas such as ammonia is recovered in the low temperature state by the low temperature generated gas take-out pipe 56, it does not become an environmental load.

And in order to drain the water which flowed out from the said hole 54, and the water received by the said condensed water drain 47, the drain pipe 18 is attached to the lower end part of 5 A of bearings, and the drain pipe 18 has faced the water tank 19. FIG.
In addition, the said preheating part is not necessarily required especially when there is little water | moisture content of a to-be-dried object. Further, as a drive source for a screw conveyor or a driving source for a suction / compression unit, a dried object to be dried can be burned, and for example, the electricity can be generated by using the heat to use the electricity.

Next, a method for drying a biomass resource containing moisture (referred to as an object to be dried) with the drying apparatus 1 will be described in detail.
The material to be dried is charged by opening the charging side gate 12 of the preheating unit 4 and stored in the storage hopper 10. Next, when the gate 13 on the lower side of the storage hopper 10 is opened, the material to be dried enters the screw conveyor 5 through the discharge port 11 and the input port 43.

  In the screw conveyor 5, there are a shaft 51 and a screw blade 52 heated by high-temperature condensed water, and there is an outer shell 40 heated by superheated steam, which contains moisture contained in the screw conveyor 5. The material to be dried is indirectly heated in contact with the surfaces of the shaft 51, screw blade 52 and outer shell 40. By the rotation of the screw conveyor 5, the material to be dried is transferred to the downstream side. During this transfer, the material to be dried is heated to a temperature close to the boiling point of water (for example, 90 ° C.).

  When the heated to-be-dried material reaches the most downstream end of the screw conveyor 50, the entrance side airtight gate 81 of the relay hopper 80 is opened from the discharge port 44 and enters the relay hopper 80. At this time, the outlet side airtight gate 82 is closed.

  Next, an object to be dried is transferred to the drying unit 2. First, the inlet side gate 81 of the relay hopper 80 is closed to be in an airtight state. Thereafter, the exit gate 82 is opened. Then, the material to be dried enters the inside (2A) of the drying unit 2 in a negative pressure state to be described later. When a predetermined amount of material to be dried enters, the exit-side gate 82 is closed to make the inside of the relay hopper 80 airtight. By closing the outlet side gate 82, the negative pressure state of the drying unit 2 is maintained.

  In the drying unit 2, the hollow portion 26 of the outer shell 20, the hollow portion 611 of the shaft 61, and the hollow portion 621 of the screw blade 62 are filled with high-pressure superheated steam, and the outer shell 20, particularly the inner cylinder 21 and the shaft 61 and The screw blades 62 are already warmed to a high temperature. When a predetermined amount of the object to be dried is put into the space 2A between the screw conveyor 6 and the outer shell 20 of the drying unit 2 in the negative pressure state, the object to be dried is heated. And since the space 2A is made a negative pressure by the suction / compression unit 3 to be described later, the moisture contained in the object to be dried evaporates at a temperature lower than 100 ° C. to become steam, dry.

  The steam generated in the space 2A is sucked by the suction / compression unit 3, passes through the suction pipe 2B, and the solid matter in the steam is removed by the dust remover 2C. 37 and the inlets 35, 35 are introduced into the cylinder 33. By the reciprocating operation of the piston 32 of the suction / compression unit 3, the space 2 </ b> A of the drying unit 2 is sucked into a negative pressure state. By making it into this negative pressure state, the water | moisture content in to-be-dried material boils at 100 degrees C or less. Then, the sucked steam is compressed into superheated steam. By setting the superheated steam to 200 ° C. or less, the material of the outer shell, shaft, screw blade, etc. is not limited to metals, and high molecular weight materials having excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance can be used.

  Steam that has become high-pressure superheated steam due to compression is sent to the supply pipe 2D through the outlets 36 and 36 and the check valves 38 and 38, passes through the hollow portion 6BB of the bearing 6B, and from the hole 613 to the hollow portion of the screw blade conveyor 6. 611, 621. Moreover, it is supplied also to the hollow part 26 of the outer shell 20 from the hollow part 6BB. In the hollow portions 611 and 621 and the hollow portion 26 supplied with the superheated steam, the shaft 61, the screw blade 62, and the cylindrical inner cylindrical body 21 are heated. With the heated heat, the to-be-dried material that has sequentially entered the space 2A from the relay hopper 80 can be heated to evaporate the moisture and can be dried.

  The evaporated vapor is sucked by the suction / compression unit 3 through the suction pipe 2B and the dust remover 2C and is put in the suction / compression unit 3. Then, it is compressed by the suction / compression unit 3 to become superheated steam. Thus, the object to be dried in the space 2A is dried as described above.

The superheated steam that has entered the hollow portions 611 and 621 is deprived of heat by the material to be dried, but a part of the superheated steam remains as superheated steam and enters the hollow portion 6AA of the bearing 6A through the hole 612, and the pipe 15, the pressure reducing valve. The pressure is reduced at 16 and supplied to the hollow portion 46 of the preheating portion through the pipe 15.
The remaining superheated steam loses heat to the material to be dried, and becomes high-temperature condensed water. The condensed water enters the hollow portion 6AA of the bearing 6A from the hole 612, flows out from the hollow portion 6AA to the condensed water drain 27, and accumulates in the condensed water drain 27. And it is sent to the hollow part 5BB of the bearing 5B of the preheating part through the pipe 14 by the pump 28 installed in the condensed water drain 27.

Moreover, although the superheated steam that has entered the hollow portion 26 is deprived of heat by the material to be dried, a part of the superheated steam remains as the superheated steam and merges with the steam that has come out of the hole 612 near the hollow portion 6AA of the bearing 6A. Then, the pressure is reduced by the pipe 15 and the pressure reducing valve 16 and supplied to the outer shell hollow part 46 of the preheating drying part by the pipe 15.
The remaining superheated steam loses heat to the material to be dried, and becomes high-temperature condensed water. The condensed water flows out from the hole 29 formed in the lower end of the outer cylindrical body, merges with the condensed water flowing out from the hollow portion 6AA of the bearing, and accumulates in the condensed water drain 27 that is integral with the bowl. And the condensed water in the condensed drain 27 is sent to the hollow part 5BB of the bearing 5B of the preheating part through the pipe 14 by the pump 28 installed in the condensed water drain 47.

The superheated steam supplied to the hollow portion 46 of the outer shell of the preheating portion heats the inner cylindrical body 41. Heat is taken away by the material to be dried in the space 55, but a part remains as high-temperature and high-pressure steam, enters the water tank 19 through the exhaust pipe 17, and is cooled by the water in the water tank 19 to become room temperature water. .
The remaining superheated steam takes heat away from the material to be dried and becomes condensed water. The condensed water flows out from a drain hole 49 formed in the lower end of the outer cylindrical body 42 and flows into the condensed water drain 47. The condensed water in the condensed water drain 47 is drained into the water tank 19 through the drain pipe 18 provided in the bearing 5A.

The condensed water sent to the hollow portion 5BB of the bearing 5B of the preheating portion is supplied from the hole 53 provided in the shaft 51 to the hollow portion 511 of the shaft 51 and the hollow portion 521 of the screw blade 52. The condensed water supplied to the hollow part 511 and the hollow part 512 heats the shaft 51 and the screw blade 52. After that, the material to be dried containing a lot of moisture is heated.
Finally, the condensed water flows out from the hole 54 into the hollow portion 5AA of the bearing, and is drained into the water tank 19 through the drain pipe 18 provided in the bearing 5A.
In the upper air dryer, it is overheated from the space of the screw shaft and the outside of the outer shell at the initial stage of operation.

According to the above-mentioned invention, it is a relatively small-scale energy-saving drying device that does not release steam generated from an object to be dried into the atmosphere and uses the heat of vaporization that the vapor has for drying the object to be dried.
In addition, since the moisture of the material to be dried is evaporated in the negative pressure space at a temperature lower than 100 ° C., dixin is not generated, and condensed water with less harmful substances can be recovered. In addition, by compressing the sucked steam to overheated steam at 200 ° C or less, the materials for outer shells, shafts, screw blades, etc. are not limited to metals, and are polymeric materials with excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Etc. can be used. Moreover, since there is a high temperature difference between the temperature of the superheated steam and the temperature of the object to be dried under negative pressure, a large amount of heat energy can be given to the object to be dried, and the drying speed can be increased.

Since the to-be-dried object dried with the upper air drying apparatus can be highly dried, the carbide | carbonized_material for each use can be manufactured with energy saving.
Moreover, the generation | occurrence | production of greenhouse gases, such as a carbon dioxide, methane gas, and nitrogen oxide, can be reduced by drying the processing of the livestock manure which had been left naturally and composted using the said drying apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drying device 2 Drying part 3 Suction / compression part 4 Preheating part 5 Screw conveyor 6 Screw conveyor 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B Bearing 10 Storage container 14, 15 Pipe 16 Pressure-reducing valve 17 Exhaust pipe 18 Drain pipe pipe 19 Water tank 20 Outer shell
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Inner cylinder 22 Outer cylinder 26 Hollow part 27 Condensate drain 28 Pump 40 Outer shell 41 Inner cylinder 42 Outer cylinder 46 Hollow part 80 Relay hopper 83 Storage container

Claims (11)

  A cylindrical outer shell having an input port at one end and a discharge port at the other end, and a drying apparatus for moisture to be dried having a transfer means in the cylindrical space of the outer shell, The cylindrical outer shell includes a cylindrical inner cylindrical body and an outer cylindrical body arranged with a cylindrical hollow portion formed on the outer side thereof, and the transfer means is in the inner cylindrical body and has a spiral shape. A screw blade that is rotatably supported by support portions provided at both ends of the outer shell, and that transports an object to be dried, and overheats the cylindrical hollow portion and the hollow portion of the screw blade. A drying apparatus for passing steam.   The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a spiral partition member is provided in a cylindrical hollow portion formed by the inner cylindrical body and the outer cylindrical body over the entire length of the outer shell.   The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the screw blades have a smaller pitch in the direction of transfer of the object to be dried.   The screw blade is integrally attached to an outer peripheral surface of a hollow shaft having a hollow portion rotatably supported by support portions provided at both ends of the outer shell, and the cylindrical hollow portion of the outer shell, the screw blade The drying apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, wherein superheated steam is passed through the spiral hollow portion and the hollow portion of the hollow shaft.   A preheating unit is provided outside the drying apparatus, and before the material to be dried is transferred to the drying unit, the preheating unit heats the material to be dried to such an extent that the moisture of the material to be dried does not evaporate under atmospheric pressure. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharge port communicates with the charging port of the drying device.   The preheating part comprises an outer shell of a cylindrical preheating part having an input port at one end and a discharge port at the other end, and a transfer means of the preheating part in the cylindrical inner space of the outer shell, The outer shell of the cylindrical preheating part includes an inner cylindrical body of the cylindrical preheating part and an outer cylindrical body of the preheating part formed by forming a cylindrical hollow part on the outer side thereof, and means for transferring the preheating part Is provided in the inner cylindrical body of the preheating portion, and includes a screw blade of the preheating portion that is rotatably supported by support portions provided at both ends of the outer shell of the preheating portion while forming a spiral hollow portion. 6. The drying apparatus according to claim 5, wherein superheated steam or high-temperature condensed water is passed through the cylindrical hollow part of the preheating part and the hollow part of the screw blade of the preheating part.   A pipe for passing superheated steam or high-temperature condensed water from the drying section into the hollow section formed by the inner cylinder body of the preheating section and the outer cylinder body of the preheating section and to the hollow section of the screw blade (spiral) of the preheating section. Is provided between the drying section and the preheating section.   In the space between the outer shell and the screw blades, the steam generated from the object to be dried is sucked and the space is brought into a negative pressure state, and the sucked / compressed portion is compressed into superheated steam by compressing the sucked steam. 2. The drying device according to claim 1, wherein the drying device is provided outside.   A method for drying moisture containing moisture using the drying apparatus, wherein the screw blade (spiral blade) is rotated to transfer the material to be dried from the input port toward the discharge port. The superheated steam is passed through the spiral hollow portion of the outer shell and the spiral hollow portion of the screw blade, and the material to be dried is brought into contact with the outer shell and the screw blade (spiral blade). A drying method characterized by evaporating moisture of an object to be dried by heat to dry the object to be dried.   The steam generated from the material to be dried is sucked inside the outer shell, and the inside of the outer shell is made into a negative pressure (the environment of the material to be dried), and the sucked steam is compressed into superheated steam. 10. The drying method according to claim 9, wherein the air is passed through a hollow portion of the outer shell and a spiral hollow portion of the screw blade.   The superheated steam generated in the suction / compression unit is used to evaporate and dry the moisture of the material to be dried in the drying unit, and before the material to be dried is transferred to the drying unit, The drying apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the drying apparatus is used as preheating that is preheated to such an extent that the moisture of the water does not evaporate.

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