JP2019130488A - Pneumatic sorting apparatus and pneumatic sorting method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a pneumatic sorting apparatus and a pneumatic sorting method, which allow electronic/electrical equipment component scrap containing tabular matters, such as substrates and ICs, to be more efficiently sorted using wind force.SOLUTION: There is provided a pneumatic sorting apparatus for sorting tabular matters 10 contained in electronic/electrical equipment component scrap to a light-weight matter side, according to pneumatic sorting. The pneumatic sorting apparatus includes: a diffusion chamber 1 for diffusing tabular matters 10 to the inside using an air stream; an air blower 2 for generating the air stream inside the diffusion chamber 1; a supply part 3 for supplying the electronic/electrical equipment component scrap into the diffusion chamber 1, while applying oscillation thereto; and a guide part 4 which extends from a terminal of the supply part 3 into the diffusion chamber 1, and is arranged so as to bring the air stream into contact with an underside 10A of the tabular matters 10 from the underside 10A of the tabular matters 10 evenly in a vertical direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind sorting apparatus and a wind sorting method, and more particularly to a wind sorting apparatus and a wind sorting method suitable for recycling of used electronic / electric equipment.

  2. Description of the Related Art There are known a wind power sorting apparatus and a wind sorting method for sorting light and heavy items from sorting objects by wind power. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-202436, in a wind power sorting apparatus that wind-sorts mixed waste including a plurality of wastes having different weights, mixed waste is provided at a terminal portion of a supply unit that supplies the mixed waste. A wind power sorting apparatus including a support portion for supporting the above is described.

  According to the wind power sorting device described in Patent Document 1, when the waste is introduced from the supply unit to the wind tunnel portion, the lightweight portion is supported by the tooth portion, and therefore upward air passing through the gap between the tooth portions. It is described that it is possible to lengthen the time that the flow hits the lightweight object and to sufficiently push the lightweight object upward.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-202436

  However, the tooth part provided in the support part described in Patent Document 1 has a shape that tapers from the terminal part of the supply part toward the supply direction, and the gap between the tooth parts is the terminal part of the supply part. It has a shape that becomes wider as it goes to the supply direction. For this reason, the lightweight object supplied on the support part receives a non-uniform air flow from the gap, and depending on the type of the lightweight object, sorting may not be performed well.

  In particular, when electronic / electric equipment component waste is treated, the electronic / electric equipment component waste includes not only plate-like objects such as ICs and substrates but also linear objects such as coated wires and copper wires, capacitors, etc. Therefore, sorting is more difficult than general waste.

  Furthermore, as a result of investigations by the present inventors, even among IC / electronic equipment component scraps, even if the IC has the same shape, volume and specific gravity, the air resistance greatly changes depending on the direction of contact with the wind, resulting in poor separation accuracy. It turned out that there may be. In addition, for electronic / electrical device component waste including such various shapes, when using a support portion as described in Patent Document 1, a part of the electronic / electrical device component waste is caught on the tooth portion, It was found that there is a problem that the sorting efficiency cannot be improved.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a wind sorting apparatus and a wind sorting method that can more efficiently wind sort electronic / electric equipment component waste including plate-like objects such as substrates and ICs.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors diligently studied. As a result, the air flow for diffusing the plate-like material in the diffusion chamber is perpendicularly and evenly directed from the lower surface of the plate-like material to the lower surface of the plate-like material. It has been found that it is effective to arrange a guide portion having an appropriate shape and inclination angle so as to make contact.

  The present invention completed on the basis of the above knowledge is, in one aspect, a wind power sorting apparatus that sorts a plate-like object contained in electronic / electric equipment component waste into a light-weight object side by wind sorting, and A diffusion chamber that diffuses into the interior using a fan, a blower that generates an air flow in the diffusion chamber, a supply unit that supplies vibration to the electronic / electric equipment component waste, and a supply unit that feeds into the diffusion chamber. And a guide part disposed so as to uniformly contact the airflow from the lower surface of the plate-like object to the lower surface of the plate-like object in the vertical direction.

In the present invention, the “plate-like product” is not particularly limited as long as it is a plate-like member, and examples thereof include substrate scraps such as ICs and substrates, plastic plates, metal plates and the like. Although not limited to the following, typically, a plate-like member having a surface area of 100 mm ² or more and a thickness of 1 mm or more can be suitably used. Specifically, a thickness of about 5 mm with respect to a 10 mm square plate, that is, one having an area of 20 times or more with respect to the thickness is referred to as a plate-like object.

  In one embodiment, the wind power sorting apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of protrusions that protrude from the terminal end side of the supply unit into the diffusion chamber, and the protrusions extend from the terminal end side of the supply unit toward the supply direction. The thickness is uniform, and spaces are provided between the protrusions for bringing the airflow into contact with the plate-like object, and the width of the space extends from the terminal end side of the supply unit toward the supply direction. It is formed to be uniform.

  In another embodiment of the wind power sorting apparatus according to the present invention, at least the lower surface of the protrusion has a curved surface.

  In still another embodiment of the wind power sorting apparatus according to the present invention, the length from the terminal end side of the supply portion of the guide portion to the tip end side of the diffusion chamber has a length that is half or more of the average diameter of the plate-like object. .

  In still another embodiment, the wind power sorting apparatus according to the present invention includes an adjustment mechanism that adjusts the angle of the guide portion so that the airflow contacts the lower surface of the plate-like object in the vertical direction.

  In still another embodiment, the wind power sorting apparatus according to the present invention includes bringing an airflow having a wind speed of 7 to 20 m / s into contact with the lower surface of the plate-like object.

  In still another embodiment of the wind power sorting apparatus according to the present invention, the plate-shaped object includes substrate waste.

  Another aspect of the present invention is a wind power sorting method for sorting a plate-like object contained in electronic / electric equipment component waste to a lightweight object side by wind sorting, wherein the supply section supplies the electronic / electric equipment component waste Supplying electric and electronic equipment component waste to the diffusion chamber for wind separation while giving vibration to the electronic and electrical device component waste and generating an air flow in the diffusion chamber for separating the plate-like object to the lightweight object side In addition, in the guide portion extending from the terminal end of the supply portion into the diffusion chamber, the air current is uniformly contacted in the vertical direction from the lower surface of the plate-like material to the lower surface of the plate-like material, so that the plate-like material is reduced in weight. A wind power sorting method is provided.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, this invention can provide the wind sorting apparatus and wind sorting method which can carry out wind sorting of electronic / electric equipment component waste containing board | substrates, such as a board | substrate and IC, more efficiently.

It is a sectional view showing an example of a wind power sorter concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a top view of the wind sorter around a guide part concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a top view at the time of seeing the guide part which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the diffusion chamber side. It is a side view of a wind power sorter around a guide part concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a side view of a wind power sorter around a guide part concerning an embodiment of the invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. “Electronic / electrical device parts waste” in the embodiment of the present invention refers to wastes obtained by crushing waste electrical appliances / electronic / electrical devices such as PCs and mobile phones, and after being collected, they are crushed to an appropriate size. It points to what was done. In the present invention, crushing to make electronic / electric equipment component waste may be performed by the processor himself, or may be purchased from the city.

  The crushing method is not limited to a specific device, and either a shearing method or an impact method may be used, but crushing that does not impair the shape of the part is preferable. Therefore, devices belonging to the category of grinders intended to be finely ground are not included.

  Although not limited to the following, in the present embodiment, the electronic / electric equipment component waste is preferably crushed to a maximum diameter of about 100 mm or less. Furthermore, it is preferable to separate the raw materials for electronic / electric equipment component scraps according to this embodiment in advance in the form of capacitors, plastics, substrates, wire scraps, ICs, connectors, metals, and the like. Thereby, it becomes easier to sort the plate-like object 10 by the wind sorting apparatus described later.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a wind power sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention sorts a diffusion chamber 1, a blower 2 that generates an air flow in the diffusion chamber 1, and a plate-like object 10 in the diffusion chamber 1. A supply unit 3 for supplying an object, a guide unit 4 extending from the end of the supply unit 3 on the diffusion chamber 1 side into the diffusion chamber 1, and a heavy object provided below the supply unit 3 of the diffusion chamber 1 A recovery unit 5 and a lightweight object recovery unit 6 provided on the back side in the supply direction of the sorting object below the diffusion chamber 1 are provided. In the upper part of the diffusion chamber 1, an exhaust unit 7 for discharging the air inside the diffusion chamber 1 to the outside is provided.

  In the diffusion chamber 1, an air flow indicated by a solid line arrow in FIG. 1 is generated by the air blown from the blower 2. In the wind sorting apparatus of FIG. 1, an oblique downward airflow is formed from the blower 2 toward the heavy material collection unit 5, and an upward airflow is formed from the heavy material collection unit 5 to above the guide unit 4. A lateral airflow that flows in the supply direction from the supply port is formed above the diffusion chamber 1, and a downward airflow that flows from the upper side of the diffusion chamber 1 toward the light weight collection unit 6.

  In addition, although the example in which the air blower 2 is arrange | positioned near the center part of the diffusion chamber 1 is shown, the position of the air blower 2 is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1, and with respect to the selection target object supplied on the guide part 4 Any mode can be used as long as it allows an upward air flow to be brought into contact so that a heavy object and a light object in the object to be selected can be selected by wind power.

  The sorting object is supplied from the inlet of the supply unit 3 and supplied to the guide unit 4 protruding into the diffusion chamber 1 while being vibrated by the vibration member 3a. In the guide part 4, the sorting object comes into contact with the upward airflow from below the guide part 4. Due to this air flow, the lightweight object is swung up above the guide part 4 and diffused into the diffusion chamber 1 and falls to the lightweight object recovery part 6 side on the back side in the supply direction. A heavy object having a greater gravity than the upward air flow supplied to the guide part 4 falls below the guide part 4 and is recovered by the heavy object recovery part 5. The dotted line arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the flow of heavy and light objects, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 2, the guide portion 4 has a comb shape, and is connected to the end portion 3 </ b> A of the supply portion 3 by welding or screwing, and connected to the end portion 3 </ b> A side of the supply portion 3. A plurality of protrusions 4 b protruding from the base 4 a into the diffusion chamber 1 are provided. Each of the protrusions 4b is formed so that its thickness (width) W1 becomes uniform from the terminal end 3A side of the supply unit 3 toward the supply direction X. Since it is desirable that the plate-like object comes into contact with the airflow as much as possible from the time when the tip of the plate protrudes from the terminal end 3A side of the supply unit 3, it is desirable that the protrusion has a uniform thickness.
Between each protrusion 4b, the space 4c for making the airflow which passes the guide part 4 contact with a selection target object is each provided, and the width W2 of each space 4c is the terminal 3A side of the supply part 3 from the end 3A side. It is formed to be uniform toward the supply direction X. By having such a shape, more air can be applied to the object to be selected, and a more uniform air flow can be brought into contact with each other. It can be made easier.

  As shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that at least the lower surface 41b of the protrusion 4b has a curved surface. Thereby, the air resistance of the guide part 4 with respect to the upward airflow which flows from the downward direction of the guide part 4 becomes smaller, and the selection efficiency of the plate-shaped object 10 which concerns on this embodiment improves. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the lower surface 41b of the protrusion 4b has a curved surface, and the upper surface 42b of the protrusion 4b that comes into contact with the object to be selected has a flat surface. By having such a shape, the top surface 42b of the protrusion 4b can be smoothly supplied without being caught, and the contact resistance of the protrusion 4b against the upward airflow flowing upward from below the protrusion 4b can be reduced. Therefore, the airflow can be more efficiently brought into contact with the plate-like object 10 according to the present embodiment. In addition to the example shown in FIG. 3, the configuration of the protrusion 4b may be, for example, a rod shape having curved surfaces on both the upper surface 42b and the lower surface 41b. Inverted triangles may be used for the purpose of smooth supply and efficient contact with the airflow.

  The thickness W1 of the protrusion 4b and the width W2 of the space are set to be smaller than the average diameter D2 of the short diameter of the plate-like object 10 so that the plate-like object 10 that is the selection target does not fall from the guide part 4. It is preferably set.

  The length L (see FIG. 2) from the terminal end 3A side of the supply part 3 of the guide part 4 to the front end side of the diffusion chamber 1 is the average diameter D1 or D2 of the plate-like object 10 that is the selection object, preferably the long diameter. It is preferable to have a length of half or more of the average diameter D1, more preferably 2/3 or more. The width L of the guide part 4 can be the same as the width of the supply part 3.

  By setting the length L of the guide part 4 to the average diameter D1 or D2 of the plate-like object 10, preferably half or more of the average diameter D1 of the long diameter, the upward flow from below the guide part 4 is sufficiently applied to the plate-like object 10 Therefore, the plate-like object 10 can be more surely moved up above the guide part 4 and diffused toward the light-weight object collecting part 6 side. If the length L is excessively longer than necessary, a heavy object such as metal to be moved to the weight side may be clogged in the space 4c. Therefore, the length L is preferably not more than twice the average diameter D1 of the long diameter of the plate-like object. .

  In addition, the average diameters D1 and D2 of the plate-like object 10 are obtained by extracting 10 arbitrary points of the plate-like object 10 in the selection target, and calculating the average of the extracted 10 plate-like objects 10 on the long diameter side and the short diameter side. Calculate the diameter. This is repeated 5 times and the average value of 5 times is shown.

  Although not limited to the following, specifically, the thickness W1 of the protrusion 4b can be 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 5 mm, and the width W2 of the space 4c is 1 to 20 mm, Preferably it can be 2-5 mm. The length L of the guide part 4 can be set to 25 to 100 mm, preferably 40 to 70 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the guide part 4 is configured to generate an airflow that flows upward from below the guide part 4 to the lower surface 10 </ b> A of the plate-like object 10 placed on the protrusion 4 b of the guide part 4. 10 is arranged so as to be in contact with the lower surface 10A in the vertical direction.

  By arranging the guide part 4 so that the airflow is brought into contact with the lower surface 10A of the plate-like object 10 in the vertical direction, the force that the upward flow caused by the airflow acts on the plate-like object 10 can be maximized. The air resistance can be adjusted uniformly and maximally along the supply direction of the guide portion 4.

  As shown in FIG. 5, an adjustment mechanism 4 d that adjusts the angle of the guide portion 4 may be provided so that the airflow contacts the lower surface of the plate-like object 10 in the vertical direction. Thereby, even when the supply unit 3 has an inclination, the airflow flowing from the lower side to the upper side of the guide unit 4 can be brought into contact with the lower surface 10 </ b> A of the plate-like object 10 in the vertical direction.

  As the heavy material collection | recovery part 5 and the lightweight material collection | recovery part 6, it can comprise with the discharge rotor etc. which can generally be utilized, and a specific structure is not specifically limited. In addition, the air blown from the blower 2 causes the airflow of 7 to 20 m / s, more preferably 13 to 17 m / s, to come into contact with the lower surface 10 </ b> A of the plate-like object 10 to form a plate shape from electronic / electrical component waste. The object 10 can be more efficiently subjected to wind sorting.

  As described above, according to the wind sorting apparatus and the wind sorting method according to the embodiment of the present invention, by providing the guide unit 4, the air current is generated in the plate-like object 10 in the electronic / electric equipment component waste as the sorting target. Can be contacted efficiently. Thereby, the plate-like object 10 in which the air resistance greatly changes depending on the direction in which it hits the wind can be more efficiently sorted to the light object side (in the light object recovery unit 6).

  In addition, when selecting a general waste as described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to increase the strength of comb teeth in order to process relatively heavy raw materials such as rubble. On the other hand, according to the wind power sorting apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the raw material is processed lighter than the waste such as electronic / electric equipment component waste, the strength of the comb teeth does not need to be so high, and the air Various metal materials giving priority to resistance can be used.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below together with comparative examples, but these examples are provided for better understanding of the present invention and its advantages, and are not intended to limit the invention.

  In the case where wind power sorting is performed using the wind sorting apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 for electronic / electrical equipment component waste including plate-like objects such as substrates and ICs, the case where the guide unit according to this embodiment is attached and the attachment When the separated state of the plate-like material was observed, the volume of the plate-like material was mixed by 20% or more by weight when compared with the case where the guide portion was not attached. I was able to suppress it. The wind speed was 15 m / s.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Diffusion chamber 2 ... Air blower 3 ... Supply part 3A ... Termination 3a ... Vibration member 4 ... Guide part 4a ... Base part 4b ... Projection part 4c ... Space 4d ... Adjustment mechanism 5 ... Heavy-weight collection part 6 ... Light-weight-item collection part 7 ... Exhaust section 10 ... Plate

Claims (8)

A wind power sorting device that sorts plate-like objects contained in electronic / electric equipment component waste into lighter materials by wind sorting,
A diffusion chamber for diffusing the plate-like material inside using an air flow;
A blower for generating the air flow in the diffusion chamber;
A supply unit for supplying the electronic / electrical device component waste into the diffusion chamber while vibrating the waste;
A guide portion that extends from the end of the supply portion into the diffusion chamber and is arranged so as to uniformly contact the airflow from the lower surface of the plate-like object to the lower surface of the plate-like object in a vertical direction. Wind sorter equipped.   The guide part includes a plurality of protrusions protruding from the terminal end side of the supply part into the diffusion chamber, and the thickness of the protrusions is uniform from the terminal end side of the supply part toward the supply direction. Spaces for bringing the airflow into contact with the plate-like object are provided between the protrusions, and the width of the space is uniform from the terminal end side of the supply unit toward the supply direction. The wind power sorting apparatus according to claim 1, which is formed to be.   The wind power sorting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein at least a lower surface of the protrusion has a curved surface.   The length from the termination | terminus side of the said supply part of the said guide part to the front end side of the said diffusion chamber has a length more than half of the average diameter of the said plate-shaped object. Wind sorting device.   The wind power sorting according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an adjustment mechanism that adjusts an angle of the guide portion so that the airflow contacts a lower surface of the plate-like object in a vertical direction. apparatus.   The wind power sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising bringing an airflow having a wind speed of 7 to 20 m / s into contact with a lower surface of the plate-like object.   The wind power sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plate-like object includes substrate waste. A wind power sorting method that sorts plate-like objects contained in electronic / electric equipment component waste into lighter weights by wind sorting,
Supplying the electronic / electrical device component waste into a diffusion chamber for wind sorting while applying vibration to the electronic / electrical device component waste in the supply unit for supplying the electronic / electrical device component waste;
Generating an air flow for separating the plate-like object toward the light-weight object in the diffusion chamber;
In the guide portion extending from the terminal end of the supply portion into the diffusion chamber, the air flow is brought into uniform contact with the lower surface of the plate-like object in the vertical direction from the lower surface of the plate-like object, thereby A method of sorting wind power, including sorting to a light weight side.