JP2019127703A - Fixing metal fitting and fixing structure for floor plate - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fixing metal fitting for fixing a floor slab to an upper part of a beam having a flat plate part, resisting a horizontal load by a frictional force generated by a fastening force and a clamping force of the metal fitting, and capable of retaining the clamping force of the gold plate even after construction.SOLUTION: A fixing metal fitting 1 is a metal fitting for fixing a floor slab 3 to the upper part of a beam 2 having a flat plate part 21, and includes: a first metal plate 4 in which a through hole 4c is formed between one end 4a and another end 4b of a main body 41 which has the one end part 4a capable of abutting against a lower surface 2a of the flat plate part 21 and the other end part 4b protruding from the one end portion 4a in a substantially horizontal direction and capable of contacting a lower surface 3a of the floor slab 3; a second metal plate 5 which has an abutting piece 51 capable of abutting on an upper surface 2b of the flat plate part 21, a fixing piece 53 capable of coming into contact with a lower surface 4e of the other end part 4b and a connecting piece 52 connected to the abutting piece 51 and the fixing piece 53 and inserted into the through hole 4c; and fastening means 7 for fastening the floor slab 3 and the second metal plate 5 in the vertical direction via the first metal plate 4 on the other end part 4b side from the through hole 4c.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

  The present invention relates to a fixture for fixing a floor slab to an upper portion of a beam having a flat plate portion extending in a horizontal direction.

  Generally, when a plate-like floor slab such as lightweight cellular concrete is fixed to the top of a steel frame beam formed of H-shaped steel, as shown in FIG. 11, the upper flange X1 of the steel frame beam X and the floor plate Y There is known a metal fitting Z for sandwiching the two integrally. The metal fitting Z includes a plate-like metal plate Z1, a bolt Z2 and a nut Z3. A floor disposed at the upper portion of the upper flange X1 with one end of the metal plate Z1 abutting on the lower surface of the upper flange X1. The floor plate Y can be fixed to the upper flange X1 by penetrating the plate Y and the other end of the gold plate Z1 with a bolt Z2 and tightening the nut Z3. When this metal fitting Z is used, the horizontal load acting on the building is resisted by the frictional force generated by the tightening of the bolt, but the horizontal load increases if the weight of the floor slab Y itself or the load load on the upper part is large. As a result, the frictional force may be insufficient. In addition, if the tightening force is increased using the bolt Z2 having a large tightening torque value to resist a larger horizontal load, there is a possibility that the floor plate Y may be broken.

  Therefore, a mechanism is provided on the metal plate for clamping the upper flange and the floor plate of the steel frame beam together without sandwiching the upper flange and the floor plate integrally, and the horizontal load is resisted by the frictional force generated by the clamping force of the bolt and the clamping force of the metal plate Metal fittings have been proposed. (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3)

JP-A-9-287229 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-2455 JP-A-8-120815

  However, since the metal fittings described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are configured to be fitted into a groove portion formed by bending a single metal plate and elastically sandwiched, Due to the influence of vibrations acting on the building, the gap between the groove parts may be extended, the clamping force may be weakened, and the frictional force may be reduced. In addition, after installation of the floor slab, it is difficult to confirm the clamping state of the groove portion, and even if the clamping force of the groove portion is weakened, it can not be easily determined. Then, when it is desired to clamp the metal fittings described in Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 3 to a flange having a plate thickness larger than the gap between the groove portions, the metal plate itself has a groove portion with a larger gap each time. It has to be replaced.

  Then, this invention is made in view of the subject mentioned above, Comprising: It is a fixing bracket which fixes a floor slab to the upper part of the beam with the flat part extended to a horizontal direction, Comprising: The tightening force of a volt | bolt And while resisting a horizontal load by the frictional force which arises by the clamping force of a metal plate, it aims at providing the fixing bracket which can judge the clamping state of a metal plate easily also after construction, and can hold clamping power.

  The first fixing bracket of the present invention is a fixing bracket for fixing a floor plate to an upper portion of the flat plate portion of a beam having a flat plate portion extending in the horizontal direction, and one end capable of abutting on the lower surface of the flat plate portion. A through hole is formed between the one end and the other end of the main body having a portion and the other end projecting in a substantially horizontal direction from the one end and capable of abutting on the lower surface of the floor slab The first metal plate, a contact piece capable of coming into contact with the upper surface of the flat plate portion, a fixed piece capable of coming into contact with the lower surface of the other end, the contact piece and the fixed piece are connected, And a second gold plate in a side view substantially Z-shape having a connection piece inserted into the hole, and the first metal plate on the other end side with respect to the through hole in the inserted state of the connection piece Fastening means for fastening the floor slab and the second metal plate in the vertical direction is provided.

  The second fixing metal fitting of the present invention is characterized in that the contact piece forms an acute angle with respect to the connection piece.

  The third fixing bracket of the present invention is characterized in that the fixing piece forms an obtuse angle with respect to the connection piece.

  A fourth fixing bracket of the present invention is characterized in that the first metal plate is formed with a protruding piece which protrudes upward at the other end.

  The fixing structure according to the present invention is a fixing method according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments, wherein the floor plate is fixed to the upper portion of the flat plate portion of a beam having a flat plate portion extending horizontally. It is a structure, the said flat plate part is pinched | interposed between the said one end part and the said contact piece, and the said floor slab and the fixed piece arrange | positioned at the upper part of the said flat plate part are fastened via the said other end part. It is characterized by fastening in the vertical direction by means.

  According to the first fixing bracket of the present invention, the first gold plate has one end capable of coming into contact with the lower surface of the flat plate and the other end projecting substantially horizontally from one end and capable of coming into contact with the lower surface of the floor slab A through hole is formed between one end and the other end of the main body having the portion, and the second metal plate having a substantially Z shape in a side view is a contact piece capable of coming into contact with the upper surface of the flat portion And a connecting piece that can be in contact with the lower surface of the other end, and a connecting piece that connects the abutting piece and the fixing piece and is inserted into the through hole. Therefore, with the connection piece inserted in the through hole, the flat plate portion is sandwiched between the one end portion of the main body portion and the contact piece, and the floor plate and the second gold plate are vertically moved by the fastening means via the first gold plate. When the fastening is performed in the direction, the flat plate can be firmly held between the one end of the main body and the contact piece, and the tightening force of the fastening means and the flat plate by the first and second gold plates The clamping forces and the frictional forces generated by them can resist the horizontal loads acting on the building. In addition, if only the second metal plate is replaced with a metal fitting corresponding to the plate thickness of the flat plate portion, it can be clamped to the flat plate portion having various thicknesses, so that the fixing metal fitting is excellent in convenience and economy. Can.

  According to the second fixing metal fitting of the present invention, the contact piece makes an acute angle with respect to the connection piece. Therefore, the flat plate portion is sandwiched between the one end portion of the main body portion and the contact piece, and the first metal plate is interposed therebetween. When the floor plate and the second metal plate are fastened in the vertical direction by fastening means, the contact piece can strongly press the upper surface of the flat plate portion, and the flat plate portion can be more firmly held together with one end of the main body portion. Can.

  According to the third fixing bracket of the present invention, since the fixing piece forms an obtuse angle with the connecting piece, the flat plate is sandwiched between the one end of the first gold plate and the contact piece, and the first metal plate is interposed. When the floor plate and the second metal plate are vertically fastened by fastening means, the tip of the fixed piece rotates in the direction approaching the other end of the main body, and the tip of the contact piece is on the upper surface of the flat plate The upper surface of the flat plate portion can be strongly pressed by rotating in the approaching direction, and the flat plate portion can be tightly tightened by the contact piece and the one end portion of the main body portion.

  According to the fourth fixing bracket of the present invention, since the first gold plate is formed with the projecting piece projecting upward at the other end, the flat plate portion is formed between the one end of the first gold plate and the abutting piece. When the floor plate and the second metal plate are fastened vertically by the fastening means via the first metal plate, the projecting piece abuts on the lower surface of the floor plate. Therefore, after tightening the fastening means, if it is confirmed whether the protruding piece is in contact with the floor slab from the lower surface side of the floor slab, the fastening force by the fastening means and the flat plate portion by the first metal plate and the second metal plate Therefore, it is possible to determine whether or not the clamping force is weakened, so that the construction accuracy and the efficiency at the time of inspection can be improved.

  According to the floor slab fixing structure of the present invention, the floor slab is fixed to the upper part of the flat plate portion of the beam by the fixing bracket according to any one of the first to fourth aspects. The clamping force of the plate and the second metal plate on the flat plate portion and the frictional force generated by it can resist horizontal load acting on the building, and use bolts with excessive tightening torque value to increase the frictional force There is no risk of destroying the floor slab.

Sectional drawing which shows the fixed structure of a floor slab. The perspective view which shows a 1st gold plate, a 2nd gold plate, a bolt, and a nut. The front view which shows a 1st metal plate. The top view which shows the 1st metal plate which formed the main-body part in C shape. The side view which shows a 2nd metal plate. Sectional drawing which shows a mode that a 2nd metal plate is fitted to a 1st metal plate. The perspective view which shows a mode that a floor slab is installed in a beam. Sectional drawing which shows a mode that a flat plate part was pinched | interposed between an contact part and one end part of a main-body part, and a bolt penetrated a floor slab, the other end part of a main-body part, and a fixing piece. Sectional drawing which shows a mode that the upper end surface of a protrusion piece is contact | abutted to the lower surface of a floor slab, and a nut is screwed to the front-end | tip part of a bolt. Sectional drawing which shows the fixed structure of a floor slab. Sectional drawing which shows the fixing structure of the conventional floor slab.

  Hereinafter, the best embodiment of a fixing bracket is described, referring to each figure. The fixture of the present application is a fixture that is used when fixing a floor plate to the upper part of the upper flange of a beam mainly formed of H-shaped steel. In addition, although the fixing bracket of this application can be used if it is a beam which has the flat part extended to a horizontal direction, such as I section steel or C section steel besides H section steel, a beam will be H section steel here Will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the fixing bracket 1 is a bracket for fixing the floor slab 3 to the upper portion of a flat plate portion 21 extending in the horizontal direction of the beam 2 formed of H-shaped steel. One end 4a of the main body 41 having the one end 4a that can be in contact with the lower surface 2a of the second embodiment and the other end 4b that protrudes substantially horizontally from the one end 41 and can be in contact with the lower surface 3a of the floor slab 3 The first metal plate 4 in which the through-hole 4c is formed between the end portion 4b and the upper surface 2b of the flat plate portion 21 are inserted into the through-hole 4c and fitted with the first metal plate 4 in side view. In a state in which the Z-shaped second gold plate 5 and the second gold plate 5 are fitted to the first gold plate 4, the floor plate 3 via the first gold plate 4 on the other end 4 b side of the through hole 4 c And fastening means 7 composed of bolts 61 and nuts 62 that fasten the second metal plate 5 in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first gold plate 4 is a member formed by bending a single gold plate, and is formed on a main body portion 41 having a substantially rectangular plate shape and one end portion 4 a of the main body portion 41. It has a pair of reinforcing pieces 42 for reinforcing the strength of the first metal plate 4 by bending the substantially orthogonal end portions downward at substantially right angles. In the main body portion 41, a through hole 4c formed by an elongated hole extending substantially parallel to the end edge of the one end portion 4a of the main body portion 41 and a second through hole 4c formed on the other end 4b side A 1-bolt hole 4 d is provided, and the other end 4 b is bent upward at the end edge to form a projecting piece 43. Although the main body 41 is formed in a substantially rectangular plate shape in FIG. 2 and the like, the main body 41 may have another shape, for example, as shown in FIG. It is also good.

  It is desirable that the projecting piece 43 be formed so that the first angle θ1 with respect to the main body portion 41 shown in FIG. 2 is an acute angle, and in particular, it is preferably formed at about 85 ° or more and less than 90 °. When the first angle θ1 is an acute angle, the protruding piece 43 has a distance H from the upper surface of the main body portion 41 to the upper end surface of the protruding piece 43 longer than the plate thickness t1 of the flat plate portion 21 shown in FIG. Is formed. By forming the protruding piece 43 in this manner, as shown in FIG. 1, the upper end surface of the protruding piece 43 is brought into contact with the lower surface 3a of the floor slab 3, and the floor slab 3, the other end 4b, When the second metal plate 5 is tightened and fixed, the one end 4 a of the main body 41 can be close to the flat plate portion 21 to press the lower surface 2 a of the flat plate portion 21 more strongly. The first angle θ1 of the protruding piece 43 is not necessarily an acute angle, and may be a right angle or an obtuse angle. The distance H is adjusted according to the angle of the first angle θ1, and the protruding piece 43 has a height at which the upper end surface of the protruding piece 43 reliably contacts the lower surface 3a of the floor slab 3 when the fastening means 7 is tightened. Have

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 10, the second metal plate 5 is a member formed by bending one plate member, and a contact piece 51 that can be in contact with the upper surface 2b of the flat plate portion 21; A connection piece 52 obtained by bending one end of 51 and one end of the connection piece 52 opposite to the contact piece 51 are bent in the direction opposite to the contact piece 51, and the lower surface 4 e of the other end 4 b of the main body 41 And a fixing piece 53 capable of abutting against. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the contact piece 51 is formed so that the second angle θ2 with respect to the connection piece 52 is an acute angle, and the fixed piece 53 is such that the third angle θ3 with respect to the connection piece 52 is an obtuse angle It is desirable to form it. The second angle θ2 can be formed, for example, at about 85 °, and the third angle θ3 can be set, for example, at about 100 °. The second angle θ2 and the third angle θ3 are not limited to these angles, and may be other angles as long as the above-mentioned angle conditions are satisfied. With such an angle, as shown in FIG. 10, the first metal plate 4 and the second metal plate 5 are tightened by the fastening means 7, and the fixing piece 53 is placed on the lower surface 4 e of the other end 4 b of the main body 41. When brought into contact, the contact piece 51 can be inclined toward the one end portion 4 a of the main body portion 41 to strongly press the upper surface 2 b of the flat plate portion 21.

  As shown in FIG. 10, when the second metal plate 5 is fitted to the first metal plate 4 and the nut 62 is rotated in the tightening direction, the contact piece 51 is the upper surface 2b of the flat plate portion 21 as shown in FIG. It is formed by adjusting its height so as to come into contact with. As shown in FIG. 2, the fixing pieces 53 are formed at positions where the second bolt holes 5a larger than the first bolt holes 4d are aligned with the first bolt holes 4d when the connecting pieces 52 are inserted into the through holes 4c. doing. In addition, the first length L1 in the direction in which the corner portions of the contact piece 51 and the connection piece 52 extend is shorter than the length L2 in the longitudinal direction of the through hole 4c, and the third length of the fixing piece 53 on the connection piece 52 side The length L3 is formed longer than the longitudinal length L2 of the through hole 4c. The plate thickness t2 of the contact piece 51 and the connection piece 52 is shorter than the length W1 of the through hole 4c in the width direction.

  The second metal plate 5 formed in this way can be fitted into the first metal plate 4 as shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 6A, the connecting piece 51 is inserted into the through hole 4c while the tip of the contact piece 51 faces the one end 4a side, and the fixing piece 53 is rotated so as to be close to the other end 4b. The 52 is inserted into the through hole 4c, and the second metal plate 5 is fitted to the first metal plate 4 as shown in FIG. 6 (b). At this time, as described above, the first length L1 of the contact piece 51 and the connection piece 52 is shorter than the length L2 in the longitudinal direction of the through hole 4c, and the third length L3 of the fixing piece 53 is Since the through hole 4c is formed longer than the length L2 in the longitudinal direction, only the contact piece 51 and the connection piece 52 can be inserted into the through hole 4c. Moreover, when the 2nd metal plate 5 is fitted to the 1st metal plate 4, the contact piece 51 protrudes in the one end part 4a side rather than the through-hole 4c, and the fixing piece 53 goes to the other end part 4b side rather than the through-hole 4c. Since it protrudes, it can prevent that the contact piece 51 and the fixed piece 53 slip out of the through-hole 4c carelessly.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 10, the bolt 61 constituting the fastening means 7 has a length capable of penetrating the floor plate 3, the other end 4b of the main body 41, and the fixing piece 53, An external thread is formed on the surface. Also, the nut 62 can be screwed into the tip of the bolt 61 and tightened. The fastening means 7 does not necessarily have to be constituted by the bolt 61 and the nut 62 as long as the floor plate 3 and the second metal plate 5 can be vertically fastened via the first metal plate 4.

  Next, a floor plate fixing structure 8 using the fixing bracket 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the fixing structure 8 of the floor slab is a structure for fixing the floor slab 3 to the upper part of the flat plate portion 21 of the beam 2 having the flat plate portion 21 extending in the horizontal direction. . As shown in FIG. 7, the long beam 2 extending in the horizontal direction is a horizontal member which can be hung on another beam or column (not shown) with the flat plate portion 21 upward.

  The floor slab 3 is a flat floor material placed on the top of the flat plate portion 21 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, and the material thereof is not particularly limited. It can be a long floor slab molded like a precast concrete slab. A notch 3 b is provided in advance on the lower surface of the end portion of the floor slab 3 to avoid interference with the fixing bracket 1 when the floor slab 3 is disposed on the upper portion of the flat plate portion 21. A third bolt hole 3 c that penetrates in the plate thickness direction of the floor slab 3 is formed at a position where the bolt 61 is inserted.

  Next, a construction method of the floor slab fixing structure 8 will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 6, the first and second metal plates 4 and 5 are fitted and integrated in advance in the above-described procedure, and as shown in FIG. 8, one end of the main body portion 41 of the first metal plate 4 The flat plate portion 21 of the beam 2 is sandwiched between the portion 4 a and the contact piece 51 of the second metal plate 5. Then, the floor plate 3 is placed on the upper portion of the flat plate portion 21 with the notch 3b aligned with the position where the first and second metal plates 4 and 5 are installed, and the bolt 61 is the third bolt of the floor plate 3 It communicates with the hole 3c, the first bolt hole 4d of the main body 41, and the second bolt hole 5a of the fixing piece 53, and penetrates each member. At this time, as described above, since the third length L3 of the fixing piece 53 is formed longer than the length L2 in the longitudinal direction of the through hole 4c, the fixing piece 53 is accidentally removed from the through hole 4c. Thus, the first metal fitting 4 does not fall.

  Further, since the second bolt hole 5a is larger than the first bolt hole 4d, even if the fixing piece 53 is inclined with respect to the main body portion 41, the position is finely adjusted to make the bolt 61 the first gold plate 4 and the second The metal plate 5 can be easily penetrated. Next, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the upper end surface of the projecting piece 43 is in contact with the lower surface 3a of the floor slab where the notch 3b is not formed. At this time, when the projecting piece 43 forms an acute angle with the main body 41 as shown in the example, the one end 4 a of the main body 41 is inclined toward the flat plate 21, and the lower surface 2 a of the flat plate 21 is It will press.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9, the nut 62 is screwed to the tip of the bolt 61 protruding from the lower surface of the fixing piece 53, and is rotated in the tightening direction until the fixing piece 53 contacts the main body 41. At this time, since the fixed piece 53 forms an obtuse angle with the connection piece 52, the second metal plate 5 lifted upward by tightening the nut 62 is an edge 5b of the fixed piece 53 on the connection piece 52 side. , The edge 5b rotates as a fulcrum, the tip of the fixed piece 53 approaches the other end 4b, and the tip of the contact piece 51 approaches the upper surface 2b of the flat plate portion 21. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, when the second metal plate 5 rotates until the fixed piece 53 comes into contact with the lower surface 4e of the other end 4b, the tip of the contact piece 51 firmly fixes the upper surface 2b of the flat plate portion 21. The flat plate portion 21 is sandwiched together with the one end portion 4 a of the main body portion 41 by pressing. At this time, the contact piece 51 forms an acute angle with the connection piece 52, and the one end 4a is inclined toward the flat plate portion 21. Therefore, the flat plate portion 21 can be sandwiched more strongly.

  The fixing structure 8 of the floor slab thus formed is a building by the frictional force of the clamping force of the fastening means 7 and the clamping force of the first and second metal plates 4 and 5 on the flat plate portion 21. Since it is possible to resist the horizontal load acting on, it is not necessary to use the bolt 61 having an excessive tightening torque value, and damage to the floor slab can be prevented.

  Whether the flat plate portion 21 is securely clamped by the contact piece 51 and the one end portion 4a is determined by the tightening condition of the nut 62, the contact state of the fixed piece 53 with the other end portion 4b, and the protruding piece 43. It is possible to easily determine the state of contact of the slab with the floor slab 3 by visually confirming from the lower surface 3a side of the floor slab. For example, if the fixing piece 53 is not in contact with the lower surface 4e of the other end portion 4b due to loosening of the nut 62 due to vibration or impact acting on the building, the contact piece 51 is in contact with the upper surface 2b of the flat plate portion 21. If the upper end surface of the projecting piece 43 is not in contact with the lower surface 3a of the floor slab, it can be determined that the one end 4a is not in contact with the lower surface 2a of the flat plate portion 21. If the nut 62 is loosened as a result of the confirmation, the flat plate portion 21 is clamped by the first metal plate 4 and the second metal plate 5 if the nut 62 is tightened again from the lower surface 3a side of the floor slab. can do. Therefore, the fixing structure 1 of the floor slab using the fixing bracket 1 and the fixing bracket 1 can improve the construction accuracy and the efficiency at the time of inspection, and can maintain a more stable frictional force, and is effective for a horizontal load. Can resist.

  Furthermore, since the first metal plate 4 and the second metal plate 5 for sandwiching the flat plate portion 21 are divided into two members, when using the fixing bracket 1 for the flat plate portion 21 with different plate thicknesses, the fixing bracket It is not necessary to replace both the first metal plate 4 and the second metal plate 5, and if only the second metal plate 5 is replaced with a metal fitting corresponding to the plate thickness of the flat plate portion 21, the flat plate portion 21 having various thicknesses is obtained. It can be clamped and it can be set as the fixing bracket 1 excellent in the convenience and economy.

  Further, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the scope of the concept of the present invention.

  The fixing bracket and the fixing structure of a floor slab according to the present invention can be suitably used when fixing a floor slab to a steel frame beam having a flange.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fixing bracket 2 Beam 21 Flat plate part 2a Flat surface 2b Upper surface of flat plate part 3 Floor slab 4 1st metal plate 41 Main body part 43 Projection piece 4a One end part 4b Other end part 4c Through-hole 4e Lower surface of the other end part 5th 2 Gold plate 51 Contact piece 52 Connection piece 53 Fixing piece 7 Fastening means 8 Fixing structure of floor plate

Claims (5)

A fixture for fixing a floor plate to an upper portion of the flat plate portion of a beam having a flat plate portion extending in the horizontal direction,
The one end and the other end of the main body having one end capable of contacting the lower surface of the flat plate portion, and the other end protruding from the one end portion in a substantially horizontal direction and capable of contacting the lower surface of the floor slab A first gold plate in which a through hole is formed between the first part and the second part;
A contact piece that can contact the upper surface of the flat plate portion, a fixed piece that can contact the lower surface of the other end portion, and a connection that connects the contact piece and the fixed piece and is inserted into the through hole. Side view substantially Z-shaped second gold plate having a piece;
Fastening means for fastening the floor slab and the second metal plate in the vertical direction via the first metal plate on the other end side of the through hole in the inserted state of the connection piece;
A fixing bracket comprising:   The fixing metal fitting according to claim 1, wherein the contact piece forms an acute angle with respect to the connection piece.   The fixing bracket according to claim 1, wherein the fixing piece forms an obtuse angle with respect to the connection piece.   The metal fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first metal plate is formed with a protruding piece projecting upward at the other end. A fixing structure of a floor slab that fixes the floor slab to an upper part of the flat plate portion of the beam having a flat plate portion extending in the horizontal direction by the fixing metal fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Sandwiching the flat plate portion between the one end portion and the contact piece;
The floor slab fixing structure characterized in that the floor slab and the fixing piece arranged at the upper part of the flat plate part are fastened in the vertical direction by the fastening means via the other end part.

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