JP2019096418A - Heater, heating wire, molding method, and heat treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a heater capable of allowing a heating wire to be extended along a member to be thermally treated with a three-dimensional shape and capable of uniformly heating a three-dimensional member to be thermally treated.SOLUTION: A heater 1 for heating a member to be thermally treated includes: a heat resistant substrate 2 with flexibility, which is formed of weft 3 and warp 7 of heat resistant fibers, and heating wires 5, 5, 5with flexibility, which generate heat by flowing current therethrough. The heating wires 5, 5, 5are provided in the heat resistant substrate 2 such that the position of the heating wires in the heat resistant substrate 2 can be moved.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a heater used for heating a member to be heat-treated, a heating wire suitable for the heater, a molding method using the heater, and a heat treatment method.

  Heating and heat-treating a member to be heat-treated is performed, for example, in various manufacturing steps such as thermoforming, preforming of a prepreg before thermoforming, crosslinking reaction, thermochemical reaction, and the like.

  When a fiber reinforced plastic containing, for example, a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin is molded as a thermoformed member which is an example of a member to be heat treated, it is necessary to heat the fiber reinforced plastic material.

  In the autoclave molding method, a sheet-like fiber-reinforced plastic material (thermoforming member) called prepreg is laminated on a mold and accommodated in a vacuum bag and placed in a pressure vessel (autoclave) to evacuate the vacuum bag while vacuuming the vacuum bag. It is practiced to heat the bag while pressurizing it with gas pressure. For heating, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, circulating a high temperature gas into a pressure vessel is performed. In addition, when cooling after heat treatment, a low temperature gas is circulated in the pressure vessel.

  In Patent Document 2, in order to perform molding without using an autoclave, a drapable sheet material (prepreg) containing reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic resin is laminated on a molding die, and contact or non-contact state on the outside thereof. A method of forming a drapable heater and heating a sheet is described. In FIG. 2 of the same document, a plain weave fabric in which conductive fibers (heating wires) are uniaxially used is described as a heater having a drapability.

JP, 2012-171173, A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-5026

  Because the plain weave is flat, if it is deformed along the three-dimensional object (three-dimensional heat-treated member), the wrinkles will inevitably come to the surface, and the heating line at the wrinkles will not be along the three-dimensional object. There is a problem that the heat-treated member can not be evenly heated because the heat-treated member is separated or heating wires overlap with each other.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a heater capable of heating a heating wire along a three-dimensional shaped heat-treated member and capable of evenly heating the three-dimensional heat-treated member. Intended to provide. Another object of the present invention is to provide a heating wire suitable for this heater, and a molding method and heat treatment method using this heater.

  The heater according to claim 1 made to achieve the above object is a heater for heating a member to be heat-treated, and is a heat-resistant material having flexibility formed of heat-resistant fibers. The heat-resistant substrate is provided with a substrate and a heat-generating wire having flexibility to generate heat when a current flows, and the heat-generating wire is provided on the heat-resistant substrate so as to be movable in the position on the heat-resistant substrate. .

  The heater according to claim 2 is the heater according to claim 1, the heat-resistant substrate is a woven fabric of the heat-resistant fibers, and the heating wire is provided as a part of the woven yarn of the woven fabric. It is characterized in that the position of the heating wire can be shifted and moved by weaving the yarn and the heating wire adjacent to each other along the heating wire at an interval.

  The heater according to claim 3 is the heater according to claim 2, wherein the heat-resistant fibers adjacent to each other in the direction along the heat-generating wire are woven at an interval so that the heat-generating wire is It is characterized in that the heat-resistant fiber in the direction along can be shifted and moved.

  The heater according to claim 4 is the heater according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat-resistant fibers in the direction orthogonal to the heating wire are woven at an interval.

  The heater according to claim 5 is the heater according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the yarn adjacent along the heating wire is the heat-resistant fiber or the heating wire. .

  The heater according to claim 6 is the heater according to claim 1, and the heat-resistant substrate is a woven fabric of the heat-resistant fibers, and the heat-resistant fibers of the woven fabric can be displaced by shifting at least one direction. Further, the heat-resistant fibers are woven at an interval between the heat-resistant fibers in one direction, and the heating wire is attached so as to be movable together with the heat-resistant fibers in one direction by a mounting means.

  The heater according to claim 7 is the heater according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant substrate has elasticity, and the heat generation is provided on the heat-resistant substrate by the expansion and contraction of the heat-resistant substrate. It is characterized in that the line is movable.

  The heater according to claim 8 is the heater according to claim 7, and the heat-resistant substrate is a stretchable woven fabric of the heat-resistant fibers, and the heating wire is a part of the yarn. It is characterized in that it is provided.

  The heater according to claim 9 is the heater according to claim 7, the heat-resistant substrate is a stretchable knitted fabric knitted with the heat-resistant fiber, and the heating wire as a part of the knitting yarn. Are provided.

  The heater according to claim 10 is the heater according to claim 7, and the heat-resistant base material is a stretchable knitted fabric knitted with the heat-resistant fiber, and the heating wire is held by the stitches thereof. It is characterized in that it is provided.

  The heater according to claim 11 is the heater according to claim 7, the heat-resistant substrate is a stretchable knitted fabric knitted with the heat-resistant fiber, and the heating wire is the heat-resistant substrate. It is characterized by being attached by the attachment means.

  The heater according to claim 12 is the heater according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant base material includes a double part in which the heating wire is disposed, and the double part is the heating wire inside It is characterized in that it is formed in a movable size of the position of.

  The heater according to claim 13 is the heater according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the heat-resistant substrate is provided with a plurality of kinds of heating wires different in thickness. Do.

  The heater according to claim 14 is the heater according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and the heat-resistant substrate is formed by including at least a part of a heat-resistant fiber made of metal. Do.

  The heater according to claim 15 is the heater according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and the heat-resistant substrate is formed in a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the three-dimensional shape of the heat-treated member. It is characterized by

  The heater according to claim 16 is the heater according to any one of claims 1 to 15, and the heating wire is characterized by being provided with a heat-resistant insulating coating.

  The heater according to claim 17 is the heater according to claim 16, characterized in that the heating wire is formed by winding at least one thread having heat resistance and insulation as the insulation coating. Do.

  The heat generating wire according to claim 18 is a heat generating wire comprising a heat generating fiber having flexibility to generate heat by flowing an electric current, and a heat resistant insulating coating applied around the heat generating fiber, The insulating coating is characterized in that a heat-resistant and insulating yarn is wound at least in a single layer around the heat-generating fiber.

  The forming method according to claim 19 uses the heater according to any one of claims 1 to 18 so that the heater can be placed along the thermoformed member which is the heat-treated member mounted on a thermoforming mold. And heat-molding the thermoformed member.

  A forming method according to claim 20 is the method according to claim 19, characterized in that a plurality of the heaters are disposed to overlap directly or through a heat insulating material, and the thermoforming member is thermoformed. Do.

  The molding method according to claim 21 is the method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that heating of the thermoformed member is performed while being pressurized in a pressure vessel.

  A heat treatment method according to a twenty-second aspect is characterized in that the member to be heat-treated is heated using the heater according to any one of the first to eighteenth aspects.

  According to the heater of the present invention, since the heating wire is provided movably at the position in the heat-resistant substrate, the heating wire is appropriately moved to match the three-dimensional shape of the heat-treated member, and the heating wire is moved. Since the heat treatment member can be disposed along a three-dimensional heat treatment member, the heat treatment member can be uniformly heated.

  The heat-resistant substrate is a woven fabric of heat-resistant fibers, and the adjacent heat-generating fibers are woven along the heat-generating line with a gap (gap) between them, so that the position of the heat-generating line can be shifted. In the case where the heat resistant substrate is a woven fabric of heat resistant fibers, at least one of the heat resistant fibers of the woven fabric is shifted so as to move movably at an interval (gap), and the heating wire is When it is movably attached together with the heat-resistant fiber in the direction, or when the heat-resistant substrate has elasticity and the heating wire provided on the heat-resistant substrate can be moved by the expansion and contraction of the heat-resistant substrate Since the heating wire can be moved easily, the heating wire can be easily placed along the three-dimensional shape of the heat-treated member, and the heat-treated member can be uniformly heated. Also, the heater can be easily manufactured.

  The heat-resistant fibers are moved when the heat-resistant fibers in the direction along the heat-generating line can be shifted by moving the heat-resistant fibers by weaving the heat-resistant fibers adjacent to each other in the direction along the heat generating line. Therefore, the moving distance of the heating line can be increased.

  When the heat-resistant fibers in the direction orthogonal to the heat-generating wire are woven with a gap (gap) therebetween, the heat-generating wire or the heat-resistant fiber in the direction along the heat-generating wire can be easily moved.

  In the case where the adjacent yarns along the heating wire are heat-resistant fibers or heating wires, the distance between the heating wires can be appropriately set to correspond to the shape of the member to be heat-treated.

  When the heat-resistant substrate is a woven fabric having heat-resistant fibers and having stretchability, and a heating wire is provided as a part of the yarn, the heat-resistant substrate is a knitted fabric having stretchability knitted with heat-resistant fibers When the heating wire is provided as a part of the knitting yarn, the heat-resistant substrate is a stretchable knitted fabric made of heat-resistant fibers, and the heating wire is provided while being held at the mesh. Alternatively, when the heat-resistant substrate is a knitted fabric having stretchability knitted with heat-resistant fibers, and the heat-generating wire is attached to the heat-resistant substrate by the attachment means, the heat-generating wire can be moved easily. The shape of the heat-treated member can be easily followed, and the heat-treated member can be uniformly heated. Also, the heater can be easily manufactured.

  When the heat-resistant base material has a double portion in which the heating wire is disposed, and the double portion is formed in such a size that the position of the heating wire inside can be moved, the heating wire is covered by the double portion The contact between the heating wire and the other members or between the heating wires can be prevented.

  In the case where the heat generating wire is provided with a heat-resistant insulating coating, even if the heat generating wire is moved to bring the heat generating wires into contact with each other, a short circuit between the heat generating wires can be prevented.

  When the heating wire is an insulation coating and the heat-resistant and insulation yarn is wound at least in a single layer, the insulation coating can have a high heat resistance temperature and a high flexibility, and the shape of the heat-treated member can be easily made. It can be kept along. When at least doubly wound, when the heating wire is bent, it is possible to reliably prevent the inside of the conductive fibers from being exposed, and to reliably bundle the conductive fibers so that the conductive fibers are separated from each other. Can be prevented.

  When the heat-resistant substrate is provided with a plurality of kinds of heating wires having different thicknesses, the amount of heat generation can be changed, so that even if the heat-treated member is a three-dimensional heat-treated member, the heat-treated member is uniformly heated. be able to.

  When the heat resistant substrate is formed by including at least a part of the metal heat resistant fiber, the metal heat resistant fiber is excellent in thermal conductivity, so the heat generated by the heat generating wire is conducted to the entire heat resistant substrate. The temperature distribution of the heat-resistant substrate can be made uniform.

  When the heat-resistant substrate is formed in a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the three-dimensional shape of the heat-treated member, even if the shape of the heat-resistant substrate is slightly different from the shape of the heat-treated member, By slightly shifting the position, the heating wire can be easily disposed at an appropriate position.

  When heating the thermoformed member by disposing the heater along the thermoformed member attached to the mold using the heater to which the present invention is applied, the heater is disposed without being separated from the thermoformed member Therefore, the thermoformed member can be uniformly heated. In the case of arranging a plurality of heaters directly or in an overlapping manner through a heat insulating material, it is possible to heat to a higher temperature.

  A heater is disposed along a thermoforming member attached to a forming die, and the pressure is stored in the pressure vessel and the heat forming member is heated while being pressurized, for example, in a pressure vessel such as autoclave molding Even in the molding in the above, the heat forming member can be uniformly heated in a short time.

  When the member to be heat-treated is heated and heat-treated using the heater of the present invention, the heating wire is disposed without being separated from the member to be heat-treated, so that the member to be heat-treated can be uniformly heated.

It is the schematic which shows the principal part of the heater which applies this invention. It is a partially expanded view of the heater shown in FIG. It is the schematic explaining the function of the heater which applies this invention. It is the schematic which shows typically the use condition of the heater which applies this invention. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the exothermic line used for the heater which applies this invention. It is the schematic which shows another heater which applies this invention. It is a partially expanded view of the heater shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another heater to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another heater to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another heater to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another heater to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another heater to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another heater to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another heater to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing still another heater to which the present invention is applied. It is the schematic which shows the autoclave shaping | molding apparatus (pressurizing apparatus) used for the shaping | molding method which applies this invention. It is the schematic which shows typically the usage method of the heater which applies this invention. 3 is a photograph showing the heater of Example 1; It is a photograph which shows the heater of comparative example 1. 5 is a photograph showing a heater of Example 2. It is a photograph which shows the solid thing which imitated the forming die. 7 is a photograph showing a heater of Example 3. 7 is a photograph for explaining the method of manufacturing the heater of Example 3. 7 is a photograph showing a heater of Comparative Example 2;

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

  1 to 4 show a heater 1 to which the present invention is applied. The heater 1 is disposed along the heat-treated member to heat the heat-treated member. The heater 1 is disposed in contact with the heat-treated member or along the heat-treated member via another member. The heater 1 is in the form of a flat or three-dimensional sheet having flexibility to deform so as to conform to the shape of the member to be heat-treated. The heater 1 is provided with a heat-resistant substrate 2 having flexibility which is formed of heat-resistant fibers (warp (warp) 7 and weft (weft) 3), and a heating wire 5 having flexibility to generate heat by flowing an electric current. ing. The heating wire 5 is provided on the heat-resistant substrate 2 so as to be movable in the position on the heat-resistant substrate 2.

  The heat-treated member to be heated by the heater 1 is, for example, a member containing a synthetic resin to be heat-treated. The heat-treated member is, for example, a thermoformed member that is heated and molded, a preform member that is heated and corrects the shape of the prepreg before the thermoforming, and a crosslinking reaction member that is heated and crosslinked. The thermoformed member is a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, and is, for example, a fiber-reinforced plastic thermoformed member containing a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin, which is called a prepreg.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2 is, for example, formed by weaving heat-resistant fibers. The heat-resistant substrate 2 is formed in a sheet shape (cloth-like shape) by a warp (heat-resistant fiber in one direction) 3 and a warp (heat-resistant fiber in the other direction) 7 having heat resistance and flexibility. The heating wire 5 is woven as a part of the woven yarn of the woven fabric, and the heating wire 5 is provided on the heat-resistant substrate 2. The position of the heating wire 5 is shifted by weaving the weft yarn 3 of the adjacent yarn along the heating wire 5 and the heating wire 5 with a gap (a gap (gap) where the heating wire 5 can move). It is movable.

  The adjacent weft yarns 3 and 3 in the direction along the heating wire 5 are woven with an interval (space (gap) where the weft yarn 3 can move) opened, whereby the weft yarn 3 in the direction along the heating wire 5 is It is preferable to be able to shift and move. If the weft yarn 3 is dislocated and movable, the movable distance of the heating wire 5 can be increased. Moreover, it is preferable that warp yarns 7 in the direction orthogonal to the heating wire 5 are woven with an interval (space (gap) where the warp yarn 7 can move) opened. When the warp yarns 7 are spaced from each other, the heating wire 5 and the weft yarn 3 can be easily moved.

  The conventional plain-woven heater described in Patent Document 2 is densely woven so that wefts 3 and warps 7 are in close contact with each other, and can not move the position of the heating wire 5 with respect to the heat-resistant substrate 2 It was a thing. On the other hand, the heater 1 of the present invention is provided so as to be movable in the heat-resistant substrate 2 while shifting the position of the heating wire 5 by weaving the heating wire 5 adjacent to the adjacent yarn (weft 3). It is

  FIG. 2 shows a partially enlarged view of the heater 1. As shown in the figure, the width (diameter) of the heating wire 5 is the heating wire width H, the fiber width (yarn diameter) of the weft 3 is the weft yarn width Dy, and the spacing between the heating wire 5 and the adjacent yarn 3 is the heating wire adjacent A space K, a space between the weft yarns 3 is taken as a weft yarn space Y, a fiber width (yarn diameter) of the warp yarn 7 is taken as a warp yarn width Dt, and a space between the warp yarns 7 is taken as a warp yarn interval T.

Since the purpose is to shift the position of the heating wire 5 so as to be movable, it is preferable that the heating wire adjacent interval K be large in order to increase the distance of the heating wire 5 to be shifted. In order to easily shift the heating wire 5, for example, it is preferable that the heating wire adjacent interval KKthe heating wire width H 1.
Spacing line adjacent spacing K = M × heating line width H (where M is a positive number)
As an example, it is set to about 0.5 ≦ M ≦ 10. M is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, and still more preferably 3 or more.

When the weft yarn 3 can be shifted and moved, the moving distance of the heating wire 5 can be further increased. In order to increase the displacement distance of the weft yarn 3, it is preferable that the weft yarn interval Y be large. In order to facilitate displacement of the weft yarn 3, it is preferable to form, for example, the relationship of weft yarn spacing Y ≧ weft yarn width Dy.
Yarn spacing Y = N × weft width Dy (where N is a positive number)
As an example, it is set to about 0.5 ≦ N ≦ 10. N is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, and still more preferably 3 or more.

  When the warp yarns 7 are closely woven so as to be in close contact with each other, the positions of the heating wire 5 and the weft yarns 3 become difficult to shift. Therefore, the heat-resistant base material 2 is woven with the heating wire 5 and the weft yarns 3 and 3 and the weft yarns 3 not in close contact with each other and spaced (loosely), and the warp yarns 7 do not contact with each other. It is preferable that the heating wire 5 and the weft yarn 3 move more easily if they are woven (sparsely).

As the warp distance T is larger, it is easier to shift the weft 3 and the heating wire 5. For example, it is preferable to form in the relationship of warp spacing T 間隔 warp width Dt.
Warp interval T = Q × warp width Dt (here, Q is a positive number)
As an example, it is set to about 0.5 ≦ Q ≦ 10. Q is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, and still more preferably 3 or more.

  The heating wire adjacent space K may be woven at a weft yarn spacing Y or may be woven at different spaces. The yarn may be woven at a weft spacing Y = longitudinal spacing T or may be woven at different spacings. The heat wire adjacent distance K, the weft distance Y, and the warp distance T are arbitrary. The same kind of yarn may be used for the weft 3 and the yarn 7, or different kinds may be used.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2 may be formed by weaving (flat-weave) such that the heating wire adjacent interval K, the weft interval Y, and the warp interval T are obtained by the weft 3, the warp 7 and the heating wire 5. It may be machine weave or hand weave. The heat-resistant substrate 2 may be formed by weaving the weft 3 and the heating wire 5 densely and appropriately removing and removing the weft 3 which becomes unnecessary to form the heating wire adjacent spacing K and the weft spacing Y. . Similarly, the heat-resistant substrate 2 may be formed by weaving the warps 7 closely and appropriately removing and removing the warps 7 which become unnecessary to form the warp intervals T.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the heating wire 5 and the weft 3 shown in FIG. 1 are shifted and moved. In the figure, as an example, it shows an example in which the heating wire 5 ₁ so as to approach the heating wire 5 ₂ moves by shifting the heating wire 5 ₁ and between the weft 3 shown in FIG. Thus, since the weft yarn 3 deviates, it is possible to move large position of the heating wire 5 _1. It can also be moved by shifting the curved like a heating wire _3.

  Although the example of the space | interval where three wefts 3 enter between the heating wire 5 comrades showed the example of the space | interval of the heating wire 5 comrades in FIGS. 1-3, this space | interval may be set suitably. Depending on the location, the distance between the heating wires 5 (the number of weft threads 3 interposed) may be changed.

  Further, although the example in which the yarn adjacent to the heating wire 5 is the weft yarn 3 of heat resistant fiber has been shown, the yarn adjacent to the heating wire 5 may be the heating wire 5. That is, the heating wires 5 may be woven to be adjacent to each other. For example, all the weft yarns may be formed of the heating wire 5 without the heat-resistant substrate 2 having the weft yarn 3 of the heat-resistant fiber, or the heating wires 5 are partially formed adjacent to each other It is also good. It is sufficient if the heating wire 5 is movably woven.

The heating wires 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ and 5 ₃ shown in FIGS. 1 and ₃ may be electrically connected in series (connected to one) or connected in parallel. Or each may be independent.

  The use state of the heater 1 is schematically shown in FIG. The perspective view of the heater 1 is shown to the figure (a). A power supply (+,-) is connected to the heating wire 5. In this example, the heating wire 5 is disposed on the heat-resistant substrate 2 in a serpentine manner with a length that provides a desired resistance value suitable for heat generation. In this example, two heating wires 5 and 5 are disposed. In the same figure, although the example which a power supply (+,-) is connected to each exothermic line 5 and 5 is shown, the exothermic lines 5 and 5 may be connected in parallel.

  When the heat resistant substrate 2 is woven, the heater 1 is provided in place of a part of the weft yarn 3 by weaving one continuous heat generating wire 5 as weft, and after the heat generating wire 5 is woven into the heat resistant substrate 2 The heating wire 5 is formed by dividing (cutting) the heating wire 5 into a plurality (two) with a length that provides a desired resistance value.

  In the same figure (b), the shaping | molding die 91 of the shape hollowed hemispherically as an example of a three-dimensional shaping | molding die, and the prepreg 92 laminated | stacked on the hemispherical depression of the shaping | molding die 91 are shown typically in a perspective view. In the same figure (c), a schematic enlarged view of a state in which the heater 1 of the present invention is attached along the hemispherical recessed prepreg 92 set in the forming die 91 is observed from the upper side of the forming die 91 Shown in a plan view.

  Since the heating wire 5 is movable, as shown in FIG. 5C, the heating wire 5 is appropriately moved and arranged so that the heating wires 5 do not overlap and follow the semi-spherical prepreg 92. be able to. Therefore, the heating wire 5 is in close contact with the prepreg 92, and the prepreg 92 can be uniformly heated.

  The weft 3 and the warp 7 are heat-resistant fibers having a heat resistant temperature that can be used at a heat treatment temperature (for example, a thermoforming temperature). For example, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers, SiC fibers (silicon carbide fibers) , Oxide-based ceramic fibers, synthetic resin fibers and the like. As a metal fiber, a stainless thread is mentioned, for example. As SiC-based fibers, for example, Nicalon (registered trademark), Tyranno (registered trademark), Sylramic (registered trademark), ZMI fibers, SiC / C (W) composite fibers, boron fibers, Si-CO fibers, Si-Ti-CO Fibers, Si-Al-CO fibers, sintered SiC fibers (SA fibers), sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramics, etc. may be mentioned. As an oxide system ceramic fiber, an alumina system (A1203) continuous fiber is mentioned, for example. As long as the weft yarn 3 and the warp yarn 7 have insulation properties, the heating wire 5 may have no insulation coating.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2 may be formed by including at least a part of metal heat-resistant fibers (metal fibers). The whole of the heat-resistant substrate 2 may be formed of a metal heat-resistant fiber. Since the metal heat resistant fiber is excellent in thermal conductivity, the heat generated by the heating wire 5 can be conducted to the entire heat resistant substrate 2 to make the temperature distribution of the heat resistant substrate 2 uniform. When the metal heat-resistant fiber is conductive and comes in contact with the heating wire 5, the heating wire 5 used is one having an insulating coating.

  The heating wire 5 is formed of a conductive fiber that generates heat when energized, and is, for example, a carbon fiber, a metal resistance fiber, or the like. The heating wire 5 is preferably a heat-resistant insulating coating. When the insulation coating is applied, even if the heating wires 5 move and the heating wires 5 temporarily contact with each other, a short circuit is prevented. As the heating wire 5, a plurality of types of heating wires having different thicknesses may be used.

  An example of the structure of the heating wire 5 is schematically shown in FIG. The heating wires 5 are cored by bundling the conductive fibers 11, 11... Around which the heat-resistant insulation yarn 12 (a yarn having heat resistance and insulation properties) does not open a gap as an insulation coating Tightly wound. The conductive fiber 11 and the heat-resistant insulation yarn 12 have flexibility. The conductive fibers 11, 11... Are, for example, bundles of 3,000, 6,000 or 25,000 thin carbon fibers. The heat-resistant insulation yarn 12 is, for example, one obtained by bundling 3000, 6000 or 25000 thin yarns having heat resistance and insulation and twisting them.

The same figure (a) is the heating wire 5 of single-winding attachment (single covering) in which the heat-resistant insulation yarn 12 was wound around the conduction | electrical_connection fiber 11 as insulation coating in coil shape. FIG (b), as the insulating coating in the conductive fibers 11, heat insulating yarn 12 ₁ is wound into a coil shape, the upper heat insulating thread 12 ₂ is wound in a coil shape, the heat-resistant insulating thread 12 ₁ and heat a heating wire 5 of the insulating thread 12 ₂ according with double-wrap (double covering). The heat-resistant insulating thread 12 ₁ and the heat-resistant insulating thread 12 _2, winding directions (Z-winding, S-winding) are wound differently. Heat insulating yarn 12 ₁ and the heat insulating thread 12 ₂ may be of the same kind, may be of different kinds.

  The heating wire 5 of a single covering shown in the figure (a) may be used, and the heating wire 5 of a double covering shown in the figure (b) may be used. In the case of the heating wire 5 of the double covering shown in FIG. 6B, the conductive fiber 11 is less likely to be exposed when the heating wire 5 is bent than the heating wire 5 of the single covering shown in FIG. And preferably used. Also, when the heating wire 5 of the double covering ring in the figure (b) is bent more than the heating wire 5 of the single covering ring in the figure (a), the conductive fiber 11 can be reliably made. The conductive fibers 11, 11 ··· can be bundled and used preferably, because they do not separate (do not cause gaps). As the heating wire 5, one in which the heat-resistant insulating yarn 12 is wound at least in a single layer can be used. It is most preferable from the viewpoint of thickness and thermal conductivity that the heat-resistant insulating yarn 12 is doubly wound. The heat-resistant insulation yarn 12 may be wound in a plurality of layers, such as triple or quadruple, as necessary.

  The heat-resistant insulating yarn 12 is, for example, kenaf fiber, Byron (registered trademark) fiber, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, SiC-based fiber (silicon carbide fiber), oxide-based ceramic fiber, synthetic resin fiber or the like. As SiC-based fibers, for example, Nicalon (registered trademark), Tyranno (registered trademark), Sylramic (registered trademark), ZMI fibers, SiC / C (W) composite fibers, boron fibers, Si-CO fibers, Si-Ti-CO Fibers, Si-Al-CO fibers, sintered SiC fibers (SA fibers), sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramics, etc. may be mentioned. As an oxide system ceramic fiber, an alumina system (A1203) continuous fiber is mentioned, for example.

  In the case of using a tubular film made of a synthetic resin as the insulating coating, the one having heat resistance often has low flexibility. Further, the heat-resistant insulating yarn 12 can have a higher heat-resistant temperature than a synthetic resin. In the case of using a braid of glass fiber or the like as the insulation coating, the flexibility is lowered because of the braiding. On the other hand, when the heat-resistant insulating yarn 12 is wound as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the flexibility can be increased. By using the heat-resistant insulating yarn 12, the heat-generating wire 5 having a high heat resistance temperature and a highly flexible insulation coating can be obtained.

  6 and 7 show another heater 1a to which the present invention is applied. In addition, about the structure similar to the structure already demonstrated below, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2 of the heater 1 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 has the weft yarn 3 formed so as to be movable because adjacent weft yarns 3 and 3 are woven at intervals. The heat-resistant substrate 2a of the heater 1a shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 is one in which adjacent wefts 3 and 3 are packed and tightly woven. Therefore, in the heater 1a, although the heating wire 5 can move, the weft 3 does not move.

  As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 7, the heating wire 5 and the weft yarn 3 adjacent to the heating wire 5 are woven at a heating wire adjacent space K. The heating wire 5 is movable in the range of the heating wire adjacent space | interval K formed in the both sides.

  In this case, the heat-resistant base material 2a may be formed by weaving (flat-weave) so as to have the heating wire adjacent interval K and the warp interval T described above by the weft 3, the warp 7 and the heating wire 5. It may be machine weave or hand weave. The heat-resistant substrate 2a may be formed by weaving the weft yarn 3 and the heating wire 5 densely and appropriately removing and removing the weft yarn 3 which becomes unnecessary to form the heating wire adjacent space K. The warp yarn 7 may be extracted and deleted as appropriate. At the time of use of the heater 1a, the weft 3 and the warp 7 may be appropriately removed and adjusted so as to fit the shape of the member to be heat-treated.

  FIG. 8 shows another heater 1b to which the present invention is applied.

  The heat-resistant base material 2b of the heater 1b is a woven fabric formed by weaving with the weft 3 and the warp 7 which are heat-resistant fibers. The heat-resistant base material 2b is woven by shifting the weft yarn 3 (heat-resistant fiber in one direction) so as to be movable with the weft yarns 3 separated. Similarly to the heater 1 shown in FIG. 2, a weft width Dy of the weft 3, a weft interval Y between wefts 3, a warp width Dt of the warp 7, and a warp interval T between wefts 7 are formed.

  In the heater 1b, the heating wire 5 is movably attached together with the weft 3 by the attachment means (attachment yarn 21a or attachment yarn 21b).

Heating wire 5 ₁ and heating wire 5 _2, by a long mounting thread 21a having heat resistance which is an example of the mounting means is wound together with the weft 3, it is mounted on the heat resistant substrate 2a. Heating wire 5 ₁ and heating wire 5 _2, by moving by shifting the weft 3 attached, it is possible to move the position of the heat resistant substrate 2b displaced with weft 3.

Heating line ₃ is wound in some places weft 3 by a plurality of short mounting yarns 21b having heat resistance which is an example of the mounting means is attached to the heat resistant substrate 2b. Heating line _3, by moving by shifting the weft 3 attached, it is possible to move the position of the heat resistant substrate 2b displaced with weft 3.

In the drawing, the heating wire 5 ₃ shows an example that is attached to curved in the heat resistant substrate 2b. As described above, by bending the heating wire 5 to an arbitrary shape and attaching the heating wire 5 to the heat-resistant substrate 2b, it can be made to correspond to a three-dimensional shape such as a mold.

  As a mounting means, the heating wire 5 may be sewn to the heat-resistant substrate 2b with a sewing thread, or the heating wire 5 may be adhered to the weft 3 with an adhesive. The attachment means may be anything as long as the heating wire 5 can be movably attached to the heat-resistant substrate 2b.

The figure shows an example in which the heat resistant substrate 2b, a plurality of kinds of heating wire 5 ₁ and heating wire 5 ₂ of different thicknesses are provided. Heating wire 5 ₁ and heating wire 5 _2, has different resistance value per unit length at different thicknesses. By using a plurality of types of heating wires 5 having different thicknesses as the heater 1b, it is possible to change the amount of heat generated by the portion. For this reason, a three-dimensional shaping | molding die can be heated equally. A plurality of heating wires 5 of different thicknesses may be provided to the heaters 1 1 a and heaters 1 b to 1 i described later.

  In the heaters 1, 1a and 1b, the heat generating wire 5 is disposed in the direction of the weft 3 as heat resistant fiber in one direction, but the heat generating wire 5 may be disposed in the direction of the warp 7 as heat resistant fiber in one direction. Good. Also, although an example was shown in which the heat-resistant substrates 2, 2a and 2b are sparsely woven plainly with the weft 3 and the warp 7, other weaving methods may be used as long as they can move the position of the heating wire 5. It may be. Other weaves include, for example, entanglement, twill weave, satin weave and the like.

  FIG. 9 shows another heater 1c to which the present invention is applied.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2c of the heater 1c is a woven fabric of entanglement. The entanglement is a coarse woven fabric in which two warps (warp) are twisted and woven with the weft 3. In this example, the heating wire 5 is used for one of the two warps, and the other warp 7 is used. The weft 3 and the warp 7 are heat-resistant fibers. In the heat-resistant base material 2c, the heating wire 5 and the warp yarn 7 are entangled loosely so that the heating wire 5 and the warp yarn 7 can be shifted along the weft 3 and can move.

  Even with this heater 1c, since the heating wire 5 is provided on the heat-resistant substrate 2c so as to be movable, the heating wire 5 is made to move along the three-dimensional shape of the member to be heat treated by moving the heating wire 5 appropriately. Can.

  FIG. 10 shows another heater 1d to which the present invention is applied.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2d of the heater 1d is an example of a stretchable woven fabric of heat-resistant fibers, and the heating wire 5 is woven in as a part of the yarn. Specifically, the heat-resistant substrate 2d of the heater 1d is, for example, a woven fabric woven in a tangle. The heat-resistant substrate 2d is a heat-resistant fiber in which the heating wire 5 is used as a part of the weft 3 of the heat-resistant fiber, and the two warps 7, 7 of the heat-resistant fiber are used. Since the two warps 7, 7 are entangled and woven, the heat-resistant substrate 2d has stretchability in the warp 7 direction. By this expansion and contraction, the heating wire 5 can be moved in the warp direction.

  Since the heater 1 d is provided on the heat-resistant substrate 2 d so that the heating wire 5 can move, the heating wire 5 can be made to conform to the three-dimensional shape of the member to be heat-treated by moving the heating wire 5 appropriately.

  FIG. 11 shows another heater 1e to which the present invention is applied.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2e of the heater 1e is a stretchable knitted fabric knitted with heat-resistant fibers (knitted yarn 8), and the heating wire 5 is knitted as a part of the knitted yarn 8. The heat-resistant base material 2e shown in the same figure is knitted by knit knitting which is an example of knitting.

  The knitting yarn 8 is a heat-resistant fiber similar to the weft 3 and the warp 7. Since the heating wire 5 has flexibility, it can be knitted as a knitting yarn. Since the knitted fabric is excellent in stretchability, the position of the heating wire 5 can be moved by stretching. The heat-resistant base material 2c can be knitted by various knitting methods such as rubber knitting, plain knitting, rib knitting, etc. in addition to knitting.

  The heater 1e is provided on the heat-resistant substrate 2e so that the heat-generating wire 5 can be moved by the expansion and contraction of the heat-resistant substrate 2e. It can be kept along.

  FIG. 12 shows another heater 1 f to which the present invention is applied.

  The heater 1f is a stretchable heat-resistant base material 2f knitted with a heat-resistant fiber (knit yarn 8), and is held at its stitches and provided with a heating wire 5. The steps of the stitches that hold (hook) the heating wire 5 and the positions and numbers of the stitches are optional.

  The heater 1 f may be formed by knitting the heat-resistant base material 2 f such that the heating wire 5 is held at the stitches of the knitting yarn 8 by, for example, flat knitting, pattern knitting, thread knitting or the like by a knitting machine. In the case of automatic machine knitting, it can be preferably formed, for example, by knitting flat knitting by Whole Garment (registered trademark) which is an automatic machine knitting machine manufactured by Shima Seiki Co., Ltd. In the case of the automatic knitting machine by hole garment etc., it becomes possible to control which automatic heating machine the heating wire 5 should be inserted into, etc. The arrangement of pattern (pattern) like the pattern of sweater is by sewing machine It can be done without sewing. The heating wire 5 may be weft-knitted by setting a pattern to be weft-knitted with a punch card using a manual knitting machine. The heating wire 5 may be manually passed through a desired stitch to form the heater 1f.

  One long heating wire 5 may be disposed on the heat-resistant substrate 2f in a zigzag manner (see FIG. 4 (a)) across a plurality of knitting steps, or a plurality of heating wires 5 may be knitting steps. One each may be disposed and connected in parallel or in series.

  FIG. 13 shows another heater 1g to which the present invention is applied.

  The heater 1g is provided with a double portion 23 in which the heat-resistant substrate 2g arranges the heating wire 5 inside, and the double portion 23 is formed in such a size that the position of the heating wire 5 inside can be moved. is there.

  Although the double portion 23 is illustrated as a cylindrical shape in the same drawing in order to facilitate understanding of the structure, since the double portion 23 is formed of a heat-resistant fiber having flexibility, it is actually a double portion 23 is flatly stacked in two layers.

  The heating wire 5 can be moved in the double portion 23 as indicated by a two-dot chain line arrow shown in FIG. For example, when the width (diameter) of the heating wire 5 is the heating wire width H (see FIG. 2), the movable distance (width of the double portion 23) of the heating wire 5 is 2H to 50H as an example. The duplex part 23 is set to be an extent.

  By appropriately moving the heating wire 5, the heating wire 5 can be made to follow the three-dimensional shape of the member to be heat-treated. Further, since the heating wire 5 is covered by the double portion 23, it is possible to prevent the heating wire 5 from contacting other members and the heating wires 5 with each other.

The double portion 23 can be formed at any position on the heat-resistant substrate 2g at an arbitrary shape, an arbitrary size, and an arbitrary interval. In this example, the double portion 23 ₁ and the distance between the double portion 23 ₂ is large, the double portion 23 ₃ and the distance between the double portion 23 ₄ is small, the double portion 23 ₂ and the double portion 23 ₃ The distance of is formed at zero (shortest). The example formed in linear cylindrical shape as the double part 23 is shown in figure.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2g having the double portion 23 can be formed of a double weave such as a wind weave. The double weave can be formed easily by weaving with a machine loom. When the heat-resistant substrate 2g is formed by air-weaving, for example, the front side (viewing surface side in the figure) and the back side (back side of the sheet) of the double portion 23 are formed by plain weave, and The flat portion 24 is formed of a diagonal weave.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2 g having the double portion 23 may be formed by another method. For example, two sheet-like base materials having substantially the same shape are overlapped as the heat-resistant base material 2g in the double portion 23, and a portion to be the end 25 of the area of the double portion 23 is bonded To form. Alternatively, the double sheet 23 is superposed on one large heat-resistant base material 2 g, and a small sheet-like base material on one side (for example, the upper surface side of the figure) of the double sheet 23 is laminated. The portion to be the portion 25 is formed by joining, for example, by suturing, adhesion, or pressure bonding. Alternatively, the tubular double portion 23 is formed, and the double portions 23 are connected and formed directly or through the flat portion 24 by stitching, adhesion, pressure bonding or the like. The heat-resistant substrate 2g may have stretchability. It may be formed in a curved cylindrical shape such as S-shaped or U-shaped.

  In the figure, one heat generating wire 5 is provided in a serpentine manner on the heat resistant substrate 2 g, and an example in which a bent portion (folded portion) of the heat generating wire 5 protrudes from the heat resistant substrate 2 g is illustrated. The bent portion (end portion) of the heating wire 5 may be held by the heat-resistant substrate 2 g. For example, the bent portion of the heating wire 5 may be woven into the heat-resistant substrate 2g or attached by attachment means (for example, sewing) so as not to protrude from the heat-resistant substrate 2g. The bends of the heating wire 5 are arranged inside the double portions 23, 23 by connecting the ends of the double portions 23, 23 so that the inner spaces of the adjacent double portions 23, 23 are connected. You may do so.

  The respective heating wires 5 passing through the plurality of double portions 23 may be connected in parallel.

A plurality of double portions 23 may be formed on the heat-resistant substrate 2g, and the heater 1g may be capable of arranging the heating wire 5 on a desired double portion 23 selected therefrom. For example, in heat resistant substrate 2g shown in FIG. 13, the double unit _{23 1,} 23 2, 23 ₄ or a heater 1g that the heating wire 5 is disposed, the heating wire 5 to the double portion ₂₃ 1, 23 ₃ The heater 1g may be disposed, or may be manufactured (used) by either. If it forms in this way, 2 g of common heat-resistant base materials can be used, and heater 1g which arranges exothermic line 5 in arbitrary parts can be manufactured simply.

  FIG. 14 shows another heater 1 h to which the present invention is applied.

  The heater 1h is a stretchable knitted fabric in which the heat resistant substrate 2h is knitted with the heat resistant fiber (knit yarn 8), and the heating wire 5 is attached to the heat resistant substrate 2h by the attachment means.

  The heat-resistant base material 2h has stretchability knitted as an example, as shown in an enlarged manner in the round frame in FIG.

  In the heater 1 h, the heat-resistant substrate 2 h is provided with a double portion 26 (an example of an attachment means) in which the heating wire 5 is disposed. The double portion 26 is formed in such a size that the position of the heating wire 5 inside hardly moves. In the heater 1h, the position of the heating wire 5 moves as the heat-resistant substrate 2h expands and contracts.

  The heat-resistant substrate 2 h is formed by, for example, knitting so that the portion of the double portion 26 is double. Alternatively, a small sheet-like substrate having a shape to be the double portion 26 (shape of one side of the double portion 26) is superimposed on one large heat-resistant substrate 2h, and The double-layered portion 26 is formed by joining the following portions, for example, by stitching, bonding, crimping or the like. Or the cylindrical double part 26 is attached and formed in the heat-resistant base material 2h.

  The attachment means may be attachment threads 21a and 21b which the heater 1b shown in FIG. 8 has. Also, as a mounting means, sewing may be performed with a sewing thread.

  FIG. 15 shows the use of another heater 1i to which the present invention is applied.

  The heaters 1 to 1 h already described show examples of the heat resistant substrates 2 to 2 h formed in a flat sheet shape, but the heater 1 i shown in FIG. The example of the heat-resistant base material 2i formed in three-dimensional sheet form (cloth form) so that it may be made to respond | correspond to the three-dimensional shape of the thermoformed member 92) is shown.

  The three-dimensional heat-resistant base material 2i is formed, for example, in the shape of a square frustum covering the frustum molding die 91 in order to heat the prepreg 92 laminated on the frustum shape molding die 91. ing. The heat-resistant base material 2i is, for example, a three-dimensionally formed flat sheet-like heat-resistant base material 2 (2a to 2h) in a shape in which a quadrangular pyramid is expanded by sewing or bonding. The heat-resistant substrate 2i may be three-dimensionally woven or knitted from the beginning.

  The heat-generating wire 5 is provided movably on the heat-resistant substrate 2i like the heat-resistant substrates 2 to 2h.

  Even if the shape of the heat-resistant substrate 2i is formed to be somewhat different from the shape of the mold 91, the heating wire 5 can be simply disposed at an appropriate position by slightly shifting the position of the heating wire 5.

  Next, a molding method using the heater of the present invention will be described.

  In the molding method of the present invention, the heater 1 is disposed along the thermoformed member which is a heat-treated member mounted on a thermoforming mold using the heaters 1 (1a to 1i) of the present invention. The heat-formed member is heat-formed. The thermoformed member may be thermoformed by arranging the plurality of heaters 1 directly or in a stacked manner via a heat insulating material. The heat-formed member may be heated while being pressurized in the pressure vessel. The details will be described below.

  FIG. 16 shows a fiber reinforced plastic molding apparatus 31 as an example of a molding apparatus used for the molding method. The fiber reinforced plastic molding apparatus 31 is, for example, an autoclave molding apparatus that autoclaves a prepreg 52 which is a thermoforming member. The prepreg 52 is a sheet-like fiber-reinforced plastic material in which a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin (matrix) is impregnated into a fiber (carbon fiber or glass fiber or the like).

  The fiber reinforced plastic molding device 31 includes a pressure vessel 32, a mounting table 33, a pressure reducing device 34 and a pressure device 37.

  The pressure vessel 32 is a metal pressure vessel (pressurized vessel) capable of making the inside higher than normal pressure (1 atm), and in this example, is a pressure vessel for forming an autoclave. The pressure vessel 32 is formed in, for example, a substantially cylindrical shape, and a longitudinal sectional view thereof is schematically shown in the figure. The pressure vessel 32 is provided with an open / close door 32 a for taking in and out the forming die 51 and the thermoforming member 52 and the like. Inside the pressure vessel 32, a mounting table 33 on which the molding die 51 and the like are mounted is disposed.

  The prepreg 52 is laminated on the forming die 51, and the heater 1 is laminated thereon along the prepreg 52, and the prepreg 52 and the heater 1 are entirely bagged (covered by the vacuum bag 54). ). The vacuum bag 54 is formed in a sheet shape as shown in the figure, and a sealing material 55 for sealing the periphery thereof is disposed to seal the inside covered with the vacuum bag 54. The vacuum bag 54 is flexible. The vacuum bag 54 may be formed in a bag shape, and the mold 51, the prepreg 52, and the heater 1 may be housed and sealed therein. A release sheet or release agent may be disposed between the mold 51 and the prepreg 52. A metal thermally conductive sheet may be disposed between the prepreg 52 and the heater 1 or between the heater 1 and the vacuum bag 54 in order to conduct heat uniformly.

  The decompression device 34 evacuates the vacuum bag 54. The decompression device 34 has a vacuum pump 35 and a pipe 36 connected to the vacuum pump 35. The vacuum pump 35 is disposed outside the pressure vessel 32. The pipe 36 is connected to the vacuum bag 54, and the inside of the vacuum bag 54 is evacuated by the vacuum pump 35.

  The pressurizing device 37 pressurizes the inside of the pressure vessel 32. The pressurizing device 37 has a compressor 38 for pressurizing an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas, for example, and a pipe 39 connected to the compressor 38. The compressor 38 is disposed outside the pressure vessel 32. The pipe 39 is connected to the inside of the pressure vessel 32, and the inside of the pressure vessel 32 is pressurized by the high pressure gas.

  The pressure vessel 32, the mounting table 33, the decompression device 34, the pressurizing device 37, the molding die 51, the prepreg 52, the vacuum bag 54, and the sealing material 55 should be the same as those used in conventional autoclave molding. Can.

  According to the molding method of the present invention, the heater 1 is disposed along the prepreg 52 stacked and mounted on the molding die 51 using such a fiber reinforced plastic molding apparatus 31, and these are placed in the pressure vessel 32. And heat the prepreg 52 while pressing it.

  Specifically, the prepreg 52 is laminated on the forming die 51, the heaters 1 (1a to 1i) are laminated along the prepreg 52, and the forming die 51, the prepreg 52 and the heater 1 are bagged with the vacuum bag 54 The pressure vessel 32 is housed in the pressure vessel 32, and while the vacuum bag 54 is evacuated by the pressure reducing device 34, the pressure vessel 32 is pressurized by the pressurizing device 37, and the prepreg 52 is heated by the heater 1 for molding (autoclave molding) I do.

  The heater 1 is disposed along the prepreg 52 without overlapping the heating wires 5, so that the prepreg 52 can be uniformly heated in a short time, and autoclave molding can be performed in a short time.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the plurality of heaters 1 (1 a to 1 i) may be disposed directly or in a stacked manner via a heat insulating material to heat the prepreg (thermoforming member) 52. This figure is an example in which another heater 1 is further placed on the heater 1 via a heat insulating material 58 to heat the prepreg 52.

In the figure, accommodated within a vacuum bag 54, the mold ₅₁ 1, 51 _2, prepreg 52, the heater _{1 1,} 1 _2, 1 3, _{1 4,} insulation _{58 1,} 58 _2, 58 3, 58 ₄ doing. The upper and lower vacuum bags 54 are connected in a bag shape (not shown) and can seal the inside of the vacuum bag 54. In the same figure, although each member is illustrated typically so that a space | interval may be opened, it is made to contact in fact and to arrange | position. These are accommodated in the fiber reinforced plastic molding apparatus 31, and the prepreg 52 is autoclaved.

As shown in the figure, from the one surface side (upper side of the figure) of the prepreg 52, the forming die 51 ₁ , the heater 1 ₁ , the heat insulating material 58 ₁ , the heater 1 ₂ , the heat insulating material 58 ₂ , and the vacuum bag 54 are laminated in this order. with placing, arranged to stack from the other surface side of the prepreg 52 (lower side in the drawing) forming die 51 _2, the heater _{1 3,} insulation 58 _3, the heater _{1 4,} insulation 58 _4, in the order of the vacuum bag 54 Do.

  Thus, the temperature of the prepreg 52 and the forming die 51 can be heated to a higher temperature by stacking and using the plurality of heaters 1 in layers. If more heaters 1 are arranged, it can be heated to a higher temperature.

Incidentally, while applying cooling to ambient temperature in the pressure vessel 32 does not become more available temperature, the heater 1 ₁ of the _double, 1 ₂ and the double of the heater 1 _3, 1 ₄ was placed in a vacuum bag 54 For example, the pressure container 32 (autoclave) having a heat resistance of 250 ° C. can be molded at 400 ° C. or more by heating.

A heater 1 _1, 1 ₃ closer to the prepreg 52, may be used as far from the prepreg 52 heaters 1 _2, 1 ₄ and the same, may be used as heterogeneous. For example, a plain weave heater 1 may be used as the heaters 1 ₁ and 1 ₃ near the prepreg 52, and a knit knitting heater 1 f may be used as the heaters 1 ₂ and 1 ₄ far from the prepreg 52. For example, since the heater 1 ₁ close to the prepreg 52 _side, 1 ₃ towards becomes high, may be used as the higher heat-resistant temperature. For example, it may be used a shape larger in towards the far side of the heater 1 _2, 1 ₄ prepreg 52. Heater 1 _2, 1 ₄ may be used those of one that is connected to the bag shape.

  When the heat-resistant substrate 2 and the heating wire 5 of the heater 1 have insulation properties, the plurality of heaters 1 may be directly stacked and used without the heat insulating material 58 interposed therebetween.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 16 or FIG. 17, the prepreg 52 may be heat-formed by only the single or plural heaters 1, or an in-container heater 41 shown by a broken line in FIG. The in-container heater 41 is, for example, an electric heater that heats the gas in the pressure container 32 entirely. In addition, a gas circulation device 43 indicated by a broken line in the figure may be disposed to circulate the gas inside the pressure vessel 32. The gas circulation device 43 includes a fan 45 driven by a motor 44 to circulate the gas.

  Although not shown, a cooling device for cooling the mold 51 may be provided. A cooling device for cooling the gas in the pressure vessel 32 may be provided.

  In addition, the heater of this invention can be used not only in autoclave molding but in various molding methods. Using the heater of the present invention, the heater may be disposed along the thermoforming member attached to the forming die, and the thermoforming member may be heated for molding. For example, the present invention may be applied to a vacuum bag molding method in which molding is performed without pressure applied to the vacuum bag, or the present invention may be applied to a resin transfer molding (RTM) method or a VaRTM method. Here, the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) method is a method in which a thermosetting resin is injected into a fiber preform sealed in a molding die and then heat cured. The VaRTM method is a type of RTM method in which a material is laminated, vacuumed, impregnated with a thermosetting resin, and heat cured. In addition, the heater of the present invention may be used for pressure molding without using an autoclave. In each of these methods, external heating may be required during molding. The heater of the present invention can be applied to the heating.

  The heat treatment method of the present invention is not limited to thermoforming. The heat processing method of this invention should just be a method of heating a to-be-heat-treated member using heater 1 (1a-1i) of this invention, and a use etc. do not ask | require. For example, heating can be performed using the heater of the present invention as a heater in a preform before molding (a method of temporarily holding the shape of the molding material under atmospheric pressure and applying heat beforehand using vacuum). In the case of heat curing, heating at about 60 ° C. may be performed. Even after thermoplasticity, after laminating, heating and preforming may be considered in preparation for production molding.

  Further, in the case of heat curing as the heat treatment method of the present invention, the same method as molding is used, for example, for bonding, etc., and in the case of thermoplastics, for example, repair such as melting a plate and closing a hole, a plurality of parts It can be used for the assembly etc. which arrange | positions and joins the heater of this invention only to the junction part of this.

  Further, in the case of a thermoplastic resin as the heat treatment method of the present invention, since heating promotes the crosslinking reaction of the target in a broad sense, it can be said that the reaction is controlled. It is conceivable to heat using the heater of the present invention in a vulcanization / crosslinking method such as vulcanization, sulfur vulcanization, peroxide vulcanization, addition vulcanization, condensation type vulcanization and the like. Therefore, the chemical reaction obtained by heating is the method of performing treatment under N2 or argon in order to eliminate reaction with constant vapor pressure and vacuum, and oxygen in order to suppress the generation of gas. However, in addition to the merit of direct heating, the method by the heater of the present invention makes it possible to solve variations in temperature distribution that occur during heating.

Example 1
As Example 1, a heater to which the present invention is applied was manufactured on a trial basis. As a heating wire (heater wire), a heater element (heating wire of FIG. 5 (b)) manufactured by Ichiyo Dyeing Co., Ltd. was used. A carbon fiber (one made of 25,000 fibers) was used as a heating fiber (core yarn) of a heating wire, and a glass fiber (one made 25,000 fibers) was used as a heat-resistant insulating yarn. As a heat-resistant base material, a heat-resistant cloth woven with coarse open weave glass fiber was used. The heat-resistant cloth was movable in the weft and the warp. A heating wire was attached to this heat-resistant cloth by sewing using a sewing thread as attachment means. The heating wire could be moved along with the weft. A photograph of the completed heater is shown in FIG. 18 (a).

  The heater was placed (shaped) along the surface of a spherically recessed mold (see FIG. 4). A photograph of this state is shown in FIG. Since the weft yarn and the warp yarn move up and down and left and right, respectively, and the heating wire moves, the heater can be mounted so that the heating wires do not overlap and the heating wire does not separate from the surface of the mold.

Comparative Example 1
As Comparative Example 1, a heat-resistant cloth densely woven with glass fiber was drawn with a black line drawn to imitate the heating wire. A photograph of this comparative example is shown in FIG. 19 (a). The heat-resistant cloth was placed (shaped) along the surface of the mold which was recessed in a spherical shape. A photograph of this state is shown in FIG. 19 (b). The heat-resistant cloth has been wrinkled. Even if you move the wrinkles so as to eliminate the wrinkles, they always remain somewhere. In the case of this heat-resistant cloth, the weft yarn and the warp yarn can not be moved, and the wrinkles of the cloth become the wrinkles of the heating wire portion as it is. If put in a vacuum bag, it will be broken and the heating wire will be broken. Also, the heating lines overlap.

Example 2
As Example 2, a heater to which the present invention is applied was manufactured on a trial basis. The heater of Example 2 is one in which a heat generation line is knitted in a horizontal direction when knitting a knit fabric made of glass fiber by knitting flat knitting by WHOLEGARMENT (corresponding to the heater 1 f in FIG. 12). The photograph of the heater of Example 2 is shown to Fig.20 (a). The heating wire is the same as in Example 1.

  The three-dimensional object (glass device) shown in FIG. 21 was used as a mold as a simulation. The three-dimensional object is generally in the form of a truncated cone, and the surface is irregular and irregular. The height was about 45 mm as shown to the figure (a), and the upper diameter of the truncated cone was about 48 mm as shown to the figure (b).

  FIG. 20 (b) shows a photograph of a state in which the heater of the knit flat knitting of Example 2 is laminated (shaped) along the three-dimensional object of FIG. As shown in FIG. 20 (b), since the knit has stretchability, the position of the heat generating wire can be appropriately moved when the three-dimensional object is covered (shaped) by the heater. Therefore, the heating wire could be easily shaped by the heater along the three-dimensional object without leaving or overlapping the three-dimensional object.

[Example 3]
As Example 3, a heater to which the present invention is applied was manufactured on a trial basis. In the heater of Example 3, when the heat-resistant substrate is plain-woven with glass fiber, the heating wire is woven as a yarn, and a space in which the heating wire can move is formed between the heating wire and the adjacent weft. (Corresponding to the heater 1a in FIGS. 6 and 7). The photograph of the heater of Example 3 is shown to Fig.22 (a). FIG. 22 (b) shows a state in which the heater of Example 3 is shaped into the three-dimensional object of FIG. The heater of Example 3 could be easily shaped into the shape of a three-dimensional object.

  The arrows shown in FIG. 22 (b) indicate the movement of the heating line. The exothermic line extends outward from the root of the three-dimensional shape. If the heating wire does not move and can not be spread, the heat-resistant substrate can be wrinkled. At the top of the three-dimensional shape, the pitch is wide, and at the bottom (the root of the three-dimensional shape), the pitch is narrow. However, since the difference in pitch that occurs up to the range where wrinkles do not occur depends on the heating wire and the movable range of the glass wire, a certain pitch is maintained.

  In the heater of Example 3, as shown in FIG. 23 (a), first, weft and warp of glass fibers and a woven fabric plain-woven without gaps with a heating wire are woven, and then, as shown in FIG. 23 (b) The heater of the present invention is formed by cutting and drawing out the weft adjacent to the heating wire. In Example 3, the interval of the heating wire was opened 1 cm. When wefts were tightly woven to 1 cm in the state of FIG. In Example 3, four wefts of one side of the heating wire and a total of eight wefts were drawn on both sides to form a movable range of the heating wire. In the case of this heater, it is considered to be about 0.5 mm per glass fiber, and can be adjusted (extracted) in units of two (one reciprocation).

Comparative Example 2
FIG. 24 shows, as Comparative Example 2, wefts and warps of glass fibers, and a heater of a woven fabric which is plain-woven without a gap with a heating wire (FIG. 23 (a)). As shown in FIG. 24, when the heater of Comparative Example 2 is laminated on the three-dimensional object of FIG. 21, although glass fibers move slightly to form gaps in the upper part of the three-dimensional object, glass fibers are clogged at the lower part, The root was lifted by the force to return, and it lifted up along the shape.

Example 4
As shown in FIG. 17, the heating test was performed in an autoclave by arranging four heaters 1 of the present invention. When the temperature of the inner heater changed at 400 ° C., the outer heater changed at about 250 ° C. It has been found that, depending on the heat resistance of the heater, the temperature can be raised to 400 ° C. or higher, so that this method makes it possible to form PEEK (380 to 400 ° C.).

_{1 · 1 1 · 1 2 ·} 1 3 · 1 4 · 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d · 1e · 1f · 1g · 1h · 1i denotes a heater, 2 · 2a · 2b · 2c · 2d · 2e · 2f · 2g · 2h · 2i is a heat resistant substrate, 3 is a weft (weft), 5 · 5 ₁ · 5 · _{2 3} is a heating wire, 7 is a warp (warp), 8 is a knitting yarn, 11 is a conducting fiber, 12 · 12 ₁ · 12 ₂ heat insulating yarn, 21a-21b are attached _yarn, 23 _1, 23 2, ₂₃ 3, 23 ₄ double portion, 24 flat part, 25 end, 26 double unit, 28 edge 31 is a fiber reinforced plastic forming apparatus (autoclave forming apparatus) 32 is a pressure vessel 32a is an open / close door 35 is a vacuum pump 36 is a piping 33 is a mounting table 34 is a pressure reducing device 37 is a pressure device 38 is a compressor, 39 is a piping, 41 is an in-container heater, 43 is a gas circulation device, 44 is a motor , 45 fan, _51-51 1-51 ₂ mold, 52 prepregs (thermoforming member), the vacuum bag 54, 55 sealing _material, 58 _1, 58 2, ₅₈ 3, 58 ₄ heat insulating material, 91 is a forming die, 92 is a prepreg (thermoforming member), Dy is a weft width, Dt is a warp width, H is a heat generating line width, K is a heat generating line adjacent interval, Y is a weft interval, and T is a warp interval.

Claims (22)

A heater for heating the member to be heat-treated;
A flexible heat-resistant substrate formed of a heat-resistant fiber,
And a flexible heating wire that generates heat when current flows.
The heater, wherein the heating wire is provided on the heat resistant substrate so as to be movable in a position on the heat resistant substrate.   The heat-resistant substrate is a woven fabric of the heat-resistant fibers, and the heating wire is provided as a part of the woven yarn of the woven fabric, and the adjacent heating wire and the heating wire are spaced along the heating wire. The heater according to claim 1, wherein the heater is movable by shifting the position of the heating line by weaving the sheet by opening.   The heat-resistant fibers adjacent to each other in the direction along the heat-generating wire are woven at an interval, so that the heat-resistant fibers in the direction along the heat-generating wire can be shifted and moved. The heater of item 2.   The heater according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the heat-resistant fibers in the direction orthogonal to the heating wire are woven at an interval.   The heater according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the yarn adjacent to the heating wire is the heat-resistant fiber or the heating wire.   The heat-resistant substrate is a woven fabric of the heat-resistant fibers, and the heat-resistant fibers of the woven fabric are movably shifted in at least one direction so that the heat-resistant fibers in one direction are spaced apart. The heater according to claim 1, wherein the heating wire is movably attached together with the heat-resistant fiber in one direction by an attachment means.   The heater according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant substrate is stretchable, and the heating wire provided on the heat-resistant substrate can be moved by the expansion and contraction of the heat-resistant substrate.   The heater according to claim 7, wherein the heat-resistant substrate is a stretchable woven fabric of the heat-resistant fibers, and the heating wire is provided as a part of the yarn.   The heater according to claim 7, wherein the heat-resistant base material is a stretchable knitted material knitted with the heat-resistant fiber, and the heating wire is provided as a part of the knitting yarn.   The heater according to claim 7, wherein the heat-resistant substrate is a stretchable knitted material knitted with the heat-resistant fiber, and the heat-generating wire is provided while being held by the stitches thereof.   The heater according to claim 7, wherein the heat-resistant substrate is a stretchable knitted material knitted with the heat-resistant fiber, and the heat generating wire is attached to the heat-resistant substrate by an attachment means. .   The heat-resistant base material includes a double portion in which the heating wire is disposed, and the double portion is formed to have a size capable of moving the position of the heating wire inside. The heater of item 1.   The heater according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the heat-resistant substrate is provided with a plurality of kinds of heating wires different in thickness.   The heater according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the heat resistant substrate is formed by including at least a part of a metal heat resistant fiber.   The heater according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the heat-resistant substrate is formed in a three-dimensional shape corresponding to a three-dimensional shape of the member to be heat-treated.   The heater according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the heating wire is provided with a heat-resistant insulating coating.   The heater according to claim 16, wherein the heating wire is formed by winding a heat-resistant and insulating yarn at least in a single layer as the insulation coating. A heating wire comprising: a heating fiber having flexibility to generate heat when a current is applied; and a heat-resistant insulating coating applied around the heating fiber,
A heat generating wire characterized in that the insulating coating is a heat resistant and insulating yarn wound at least in a single layer around the heat generating fiber.   The heater according to any one of claims 1 to 18 is disposed along the thermoforming member, which is the heat-treated member mounted on a thermoforming molding die, to form the thermoforming member. A molding method comprising heat molding.   The molding method according to claim 19, wherein the thermoformed member is thermoformed by arranging a plurality of the heaters directly or by overlapping them through a heat insulating material.   21. The molding method according to claim 19, wherein heating of the thermoformed member is performed while being pressurized in a pressure vessel.   A heat treatment method comprising heating the member to be heat treated using the heater according to any one of claims 1 to 18.