JP2019095436A - Measuring instrument, measuring method, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a measuring instrument, measuring method, and measuring program capable of accurately measuring the underweight amount of a coating film in a non-destructive way.SOLUTION: A measuring instrument includes an acquisition means for acquiring, as a specific value, one of an estimated value of the temperature of a coating film at a first time at which heating or cooling is started in a predetermined position of the coating film when the coating film applied to the surface of a plate-like member is heated or cooled, and an actual measurement value of the temperature of the coating film at a second time immediately after heating or cooling, and an output means for obtaining and outputting a basis weight in a predetermined position of the coating film corresponding to the specific value acquired by the acquisition means by using a predetermined relation between the temperature of the coating film at the time corresponding to the specific value and the basis weight of the coating film when the specific value is obtained.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 12

Description

  The present invention relates to a measuring device, a measuring method, and a program.

  US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/019392 is an apparatus for inspecting sheet material produced in a production process having a process flow, comprising: a central process control apparatus configured to control at least one aspect of the production process; An incident radiation source, a conveyor for moving the sheet material in a single plane, and immediately adjacent to the surface of the sheet material so that an image of the surface of the sheet material can be generated at or downstream of the incident radiation source. Communicating with at least one infrared detector located at the center and the central process controller to receive and analyze the image from the infrared detector, determine the physical characteristics of the sheet material, and determine the determined physical characteristics Are sent to the central process control unit, and the central process control unit, depending on its determined physical characteristics, Both apparatus characterized by and a computer that is configured to adjust one of the surfaces is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-502968

  An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device, a measuring method, and a program capable of nondestructively and accurately measuring the coating weight of a coated film.

  In order to achieve the above object, the measuring device of the present invention is characterized in that the coating film coated on the surface of the plate-like member is heated or cooled at a predetermined position of the coating film. Either the estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at the first time when heating or cooling is started or the measured value of the temperature of the coated film at the second time immediately after the heating or cooling is started Using acquisition means acquired as a specific value, and a predetermined relationship between the temperature of the coated film at the time according to the specific value and the coated amount of the coated film when the specific value is acquired, It is a measuring device provided with the output means which calculates and outputs the area weight in the predetermined position of the coating film corresponding to the specific value acquired by the acquisition means.

  In the measurement method of the present invention, the heating or cooling is started at a predetermined position of the coating film when the coating film applied to the surface of the plate-like member is heated or cooled. The estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at one time or the measured value of the temperature of the coated film at the second time immediately after the start of heating or cooling is acquired as a specific value, and the specification When a value is acquired, the paint corresponding to the acquired specific value using a predetermined relationship between the temperature of the coated film at a time corresponding to the specific value and the coated area weight of the coated film It is a measuring method which calculates | requires and outputs the area weight in the predetermined position of a working film.

  In the program according to the present invention, the computer starts the heating or cooling at a predetermined position of the coating film when the coating film coated on the surface of the plate-like member is heated or cooled. Acquisition of acquiring as a specific value any one of the estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at the first time and the actually measured value of the temperature of the coated film at the second time immediately after the heating or cooling is started Means, acquired when the specific value is acquired, using the predetermined relationship between the temperature of the coated film at a time according to the specific value and the coated amount of the coated film It is a program for functioning as an output means which calculates | requires and outputs the fabric weight in the predetermined position of the said coating film corresponding to a specific value.

  According to the present invention, the coating weight of the coating film can be accurately measured nondestructively.

It is a schematic diagram showing an example of composition of a measuring device concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is the schematic which shows an example of a structure of a coating film. It is a block diagram showing an example of an electric configuration of a measuring device concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a graph which shows an example of the time change (measurement data) of the temperature of a coating film. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the flow of "preparation processing." It is a table | surface which shows an example of several known coating films from which the combination of a fabric weight and density differs. (A) to (C) are graphs showing an example of the time change of the temperature of each of the plurality of known coated films. It is a table | surface which shows an example of the highest temperature about several known coating films. It is the graph which plotted the maximum temperature with respect to a fabric weight about several known coating films. It is a table showing an example of a cooling characteristic about a plurality of known coating films. It is the graph which plotted the cooling characteristic with respect to (1 / (rho) w _T0 ) about several known coating films. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the flow of "measurement processing." It is a flow chart which shows an example of the flow of "measurement processing" concerning a 2nd embodiment. It is a table | surface which shows another example of several known coating films from which the combination of a fabric weight and a density differs. It is a graph which shows an example of measurement data. Is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature rise value [Delta] T _m and basis weight w of the time t _m. (A) to (E) are images showing an example of the weight distribution obtained from the coating film to be measured. It is a graph which shows an example of measurement data. (A) and (B) are graphs showing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w. (A) is an image showing an example of measurement points superimposed on the basis weight distribution obtained from the temperature distribution of the coated film 0.03 seconds after heating. (B) is a graph which shows an example of the measurement data measured about each position. (A) to (F) are images showing an example of the weight distribution obtained from the coating film to be measured. It is a graph which shows an example of measurement data. (A) and (B) are graphs showing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w. (A) And (B) is an image which shows an example of distribution of a weight per unit area acquired from the coating film of measurement object. It is a graph which shows an example of measurement data. (A) and (B) are graphs showing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w. (A) to (D) are images showing an example of the weight distribution obtained from the coating film to be measured.

  Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

-First Embodiment-
In the first embodiment, both the coating weight and the density of the coating film are calculated.
<Measurement device>
First, the measuring device will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of the configuration of a measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The measuring apparatus 10 includes a temperature adjusting unit 20 that adjusts the temperature of the coating film 12, a temperature measuring unit 30 that measures the temperature of the coating film 12, and a control unit 40 that controls the entire apparatus. When the temperature measurement unit 30 measures the temperature of the coating film 12 using infrared light, the measurement device 10 is disposed in the dark room 14.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the coating film 12 is coated on the surface of the plate-like member 18. The coated film 12 has an unknown basis weight and density. In the present embodiment, the temperature at a predetermined position in the plane of the coating film 12 is measured, and finally, the weight and density of the coating film 12 at a predetermined position are measured nondestructively. Do.

  Here, "area weight" is weight per unit area, and "density" is weight per unit volume. For example, a graphite layer coated on a copper foil of a negative electrode sheet of a lithium ion battery is a suitable coating film in the present embodiment. In the graphite layer, the graphite is held by the binder resin.

  The temperature control unit 20 heats or cools the coated film 12 from the coated surface side to adjust the temperature of the coated film 12. When the coating film 12 is heated, heat is applied to the coating film 12. When the coated film 12 is cooled, heat is taken from the coated film 12.

  As a heating method, light heating for irradiating light, convective heating with hot air, radiation heating using an infrared heater or the like, induction heating or the like may be used. Moreover, you may use the convective heat transfer etc. by a cold wind as a cooling method. The light heating shortens the heating time as compared to other heating methods. As an example of light heating, the method of irradiating white light with a flash lamp, the method of irradiating infrared rays etc. are mentioned, for example.

  The temperature measurement unit 30 measures the temperature of the coating film 12 without contact. As temperature measurement part 30 which measures temperature non-contactingly, non-contact-type temperature sensors, such as an infrared camera and a radiation thermometer, are mentioned. For example, the infrared camera detects the amount of infrared radiation emitted from the subject according to the temperature of the subject, and measures the temperature of the coating film 12 for each unit area (for example, for each pixel). According to the infrared camera, temperature measurement at each position of the coating film 12 is possible.

  The predetermined position may be one or more than one. Each position is a region having a unit area in the plane of the coating film. Each of the weight and density determined for each position is a representative value of weight and density within the area. Here, the “representative value” is a value representing a value that can be taken in the area, such as an average value or a median value. Below, the predetermined position is demonstrated as "one place."

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the electrical configuration of the measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 40 of the measuring device 10 is configured as a computer that controls each unit and performs various calculations. That is, the control unit 40 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 40A, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 40B, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 40C, a non-volatile memory 40D, and an input / output unit (I / O). It has 40E.

  The CPU 40A, the ROM 40B, the RAM 40C, the memory 40D, and the I / O 40E are each connected via a bus 40F. The CPU 40A reads a program stored in, for example, the ROM 40B, and executes the program using the RAM 40C as a work area. Further, in the I / O 40 E of the control unit 40, a display unit 42 such as a display, an input unit 44 such as a keyboard or a mouse, a communication unit 46, a storage unit 48, a temperature adjustment unit 20, a temperature measurement unit 30, and a transport belt 16. Is connected.

  The communication unit 46 is an interface for communicating with an external device via a wired or wireless communication line. For example, it functions as an interface for communicating with an external device such as a computer connected to a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network) or the Internet. The storage unit 48 is an external storage device such as a hard disk.

  In the present embodiment, a program for executing “measurement processing” described later is stored in the ROM 40B. Further, as described later, the “second relational expression” and the “third relational expression” acquired by the “preparation process” are stored in the storage device such as the storage unit 48 or the like.

  The storage area of the program is not limited to the ROM 40B. The various programs may be stored in another storage device such as the memory 40D or the storage unit 48, or may be acquired from an external device via the communication unit 46.

  In addition, various drives may be connected to the control unit 40. The various drives are devices that read data from a computer-readable portable recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory, or write data to the recording medium. When various drives are provided, the program may be recorded on a portable recording medium and read and executed by the corresponding drive.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the measuring device 10 is provided with the conveyance belt 16 which conveys the plate-shaped member 18 provided with the coating film 12 to the predetermined measurement position. The transport belt 16 is driven and controlled by the control unit 40 to transport the plate-like member 18 placed on the transport belt 16 to a predetermined measurement position. For example, the plate-like member 18 is placed on the transport belt 16 so that the coated surface of the coated film 12 coated on the surface is exposed.

  Each of the temperature adjustment unit 20 and the temperature measurement unit 30 is disposed to face a predetermined measurement position. Each of the temperature adjustment unit 20 and the temperature measurement unit 30 is disposed along the transport direction. In the illustrated example, the plurality of temperature adjustment units 20 are disposed on both sides of the temperature measurement unit 30.

  The temperature adjustment unit 20 is controlled by the control unit 40 and heats or cools the coating film 12 at the instructed timing. The temperature measuring unit 30 is controlled by the control unit 40, and measures the temperature at a predetermined position of the coating film 12 only for the instructed period. The control unit 40 acquires measurement data from the temperature measurement unit 30. The acquired measurement data is stored in a storage device such as the RAM 40C or the storage unit 48. The control unit 40 executes “measurement processing” described later based on the acquired measurement data.

<Measurement data>
Here, “measurement data” obtained by the temperature measurement unit will be described.
The measurement data is data representing a time change of the temperature of the coated film. Measurement data is acquired for each sample. FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of measurement data. The vertical axis represents the temperature T _t of the coating film at time t. The horizontal axis represents time t. Heating of the coated film is started at time t = 0. For example, the irradiation time of the flash lamp is set to 0 seconds.

The measurement value of the temperature T _t of the coating film is obtained at predetermined time intervals. Each measurement point corresponding to each acquired measurement value is represented by ((circle). Measurement of temperature is started immediately before the start of heating. Measurement data of a period from immediately before heating until the temperature of the coating film converges to the ambient temperature T _{さ れ}る is acquired. The measurement period is, for example, a period from immediately before heating until 15 seconds after heating elapses.

Here, the coating film is placed in a medium such as air. The temperature of the coating film before heating is the temperature of the medium around the coating film, that is, the ambient temperature T _∞ . The ambient temperature T _は is room temperature, which in the example shown is approximately 0 ° C. Here, it is assumed that the temperature of the coating film is uniform within the unit area. In other words, the temperature of the coating film is different for each unit area.

If you heat the coating film, the temperature T _t of the coating film, after reaching the maximum temperature T ₀ instantaneously returns gradually from the maximum temperature T ₀ to the temperature T _∞ ambient by natural cooling. The “maximum temperature T ₀ ” is an estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at time t = 0.

For a measurement period of one sample, it can be assumed that the room temperature is constant. However, the room temperature is not constant for the measurement period of a plurality of samples. Therefore, in order to avoid the influence of room temperature fluctuation, ambient temperature T _を is taken as a reference temperature, and the difference between maximum temperature T ₀ and ambient temperature T _∞ is taken as temperature rise value ΔT ₀ (= T ₀ −T _∞ ) Do.

From a theoretical point of view, the temperature T _t of the coating film is expressed by the following equation (1) in accordance with Newton's cooling law. The following equation (1) is an example of the “first relational equation”. Newton's law of cooling is a rule of thumb that when the substance is cooled by the surrounding medium, the cooling rate of the substance is proportional to the temperature difference between the substance and the medium.

In the above formula (1), t is time, T ₀ is the maximum temperature of the coating film, and T _∞ is the ambient temperature. h is the heat transfer coefficient, A is the surface area of the heat transfer area, and C is the heat capacity. The heat capacity C is the total heat capacity when the plate-like member 18 and the coating film 12 shown in FIG. 2 are integrated. In the present embodiment, for example, a plurality of coating films of the same type are to be measured. The heat transfer coefficient h changes according to (T ₀ −T _∞ ), but is constant for each coated film. Further, the surface area A is a constant value regardless of the coating film.

The above equation (1) indicates that the temperature T _t of the coated film decays exponentially from the maximum temperature T ₀ to the ambient temperature T _∞ . The cooling rate of the coated film is represented by (hA / C). In the present embodiment, h is defined as a "heat transfer coefficient" and (hA / C) is defined as a "cooling characteristic". When the value of the surface area A and the value of the heat capacity C are constant, the cooling characteristic (hA / C) becomes a value proportional to the heat transfer coefficient h.

When the measurement data is approximated by the formula (1), the ambient temperature T _∞, the maximum temperature T _0, the value of the cooling characteristics (hA / C) is obtained. Specifically, it is assumed that “T _t ” and “t” in the above equation (1) are variables, and “T _∞ ”, “T ₀ ” and “hA / C” are constants. Then, the least squares method or the like is used as a constant so that the curve representing the above equation (1) is closest to a plurality of measurement points (combination of T _t and t) represented by ((circles). determine the values of "T _{∞", "T 0",} "hA / C".

The curve having a constant "T _∞" "T _0", "hA / C", are also shown with a thick line in FIG. 4 as "approximate line". The number of measurement points is set to be equal to or more than the number of constants. For example, in order to obtain the three constants in this example, three or more measurement values are required.

<Preparation process>
Next, the "preparation process" performed by the user will be described.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the “preparation process”. As shown in FIG. 5, first, in step 100, a plurality of coating films each having a known basis weight w and density p are known (hereinafter referred to as "known coating films") are prepared. Hereinafter, a coating film having a known basis weight w and density ρ is referred to as a “known coating film” to distinguish it from the coating film to be measured.

  The known coating film is the same as the coating film to be measured, the material of the plate-like member to be coated, and the material of the coating film. In addition, the coating area of the known coating film and the coating film to be measured are substantially the same. Each of the plurality of known coated films is different in combination of the basis weight w and the density ρ.

  Next, in step 102, each of the plurality of known coating films is heated, and a temperature change when naturally cooling after heating is measured to obtain a plurality of measurement data for each of the plurality of known coating films. . The measurement of the temperature is performed at a predetermined position in the plane of the known coating film.

  The known coating film is heated or cooled under predetermined conditions to acquire measurement data. The conditions set in advance are the same as those of the coating film to be measured. For example, in the case of irradiating white light with a flash lamp, the amount of input power to the flash lamp is made constant. By heating or cooling the known coating film and the coating film under the same conditions, the amount of heat applied to each film or removed from each film becomes substantially constant.

Next, in step 104, for each of the plurality of known coating films, the measurement data is approximated by the above equation (1) to obtain the maximum temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _∞ and the cooling characteristic hA / C. . The approximation calculation may be performed by the control unit 40.

Next, in step 106, a “second relational expression” representing the relationship between the temperature increase value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w is acquired. For example, Formula (5) mentioned later is acquired. As described later, in the equation (5), the temperature increase value ΔT ₀ is the same value as the maximum temperature T ₀ . Next, in step 108, a “third relationship” representing the relationship between the cooling characteristic (hA / C) and the product of the basis weight w and the density ρ is obtained. For example, Formula (7) mentioned later is acquired. The “second relational expression” and the “third relational expression” will be described in the specific example of the preparation process.

  Next, in step 110, the second relational expression and the third relational expression are stored in a storage device such as the storage unit 48, and the preparation process is ended. The first relational expression is stored in advance in a storage device such as the storage unit 48. The second relational expression and the third relational expression are stored in the storage device such as the storage unit 48 together with the first relational expression. The order of step 106 and step 108 may be reversed.

  The coated film has a different cooling rate depending on the in-plane position. For example, the end portion having the side surface and the broad heat dissipation surface has a faster cooling rate than the central portion. Therefore, for each of the plurality of known coating films, the “second relational expression” and the “third relational expression” are more accurate as the position at which the temperature is measured is closer to the “position” measured by the coating film to be measured. Required.

(Specific example of preparation process)
Hereinafter, a specific example of the preparation process will be described.
FIG. 6 is a table showing an example of a plurality of known coating films having different combinations of weight and density. In the illustrated example, the known coating film is a graphite layer coated on a copper foil. In the illustrated example, nine types of known coated films having different combinations of basis weight w and density ρ are prepared.

The coating weight w of the known coating film changes in three steps of 7 mg / cm ² , 10 mg / cm ² and 13 mg / cm ² . Moreover, the density rho of the coating film of the same coating weight also changes in three steps by changing the press strength of the known coating film in three steps. The higher the press strength, the no press → the press weak → the press strength, the larger the value of the density ρ, and the thinner the thickness d of the known coating film.

  The coating weight w of the known coating film is the indicated value indicated as the coating amount. In addition, a sample is cut out, the weight per unit area (total of copper foil and a graphite layer) is measured, and the weight per unit area of the known coating film (graphite layer) is calculated by subtracting the weight of the copper foil. You may ask. In this case, the "second relational expression" and the "third relational expression" can be accurately obtained by cutting out a sample in a region close to the "position" to be measured by the coating film to be measured.

  The thickness d of the known coating film is a measured value measured by a displacement meter such as a micrometer. The thickness d may be an average value of the entire area to be measured, or may be an average value of a plurality of arbitrary points in the area to be measured.

The density ρ can be obtained by dividing the basis weight w by the thickness d. In the illustrated example, the unit of the density ρ is [g / cm ³ ], the unit of the weight w is [mg / cm ² ], and the unit of the thickness d is [μm]. It goes without saying that the density ρ is calculated.

FIGS. 7A to 7C are graphs showing measurement data of each of a plurality of known coated films. FIG. 7A shows measurement data of a coated film having a basis weight w of 7 mg / cm ² . FIG. 7B shows measurement data of a coated film having a basis weight w of 10 mg / cm ² . FIG. 7C shows measurement data of a coated film having a basis weight w of 13 mg / cm ² .

The maximum temperature T ₀ decreases and the cooling rate decreases as the value of the basis weight w increases from 7 mg / cm ² → 10 mg / cm ² → 13 mg / cm ² . Also, the higher the press strength and the higher the density ρ, the lower the cooling rate.

As described above, each _value of the maximum temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _∞ , and the cooling characteristic (hA / C) can be obtained for each measurement data by approximating the measurement data with the above equation (1). In this example, room temperature is _{0 ℃ (T ∞ = 0)} , the temperature rise value _{ΔT 0 (= T 0 -T ∞} ) is the same value as the maximum temperature _{T 0.}

FIG. 8 is a table showing values of maximum temperatures T ₀ obtained for the plurality of known coated films shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a graph in which the maximum temperature T ₀ shown in FIG. 8 is plotted against the weight w of the known coating film. The measurement points for a basis weight of 7 mg / cm ² are represented by ((circles). The measurement points for a basis weight of 10 mg / cm ² are represented by □ (squares). The measurement points for a basis weight of 13 mg / cm ² are represented by ◇ (diamonds). As can be seen from FIG. 9, the maximum temperature T ₀ is correlated to the basis weight w. The change of the maximum temperature T ₀ due to the density ρ is slight compared to the change of the maximum temperature T ₀ due to the weight w.

The correlation between the temperature rise value ΔT _{0 and the} basis weight w is also supported by the theoretical formula. For example, when the temperature rise value of the coating film having a heat capacity per unit area of C is ΔT ₀ , the heat quantity Q per unit area is given by the following formula (2).

  Assuming that the graphite layer coated on the copper foil is a coated film, the heat capacity C is represented by the following formula (3) from the specific heat c of the graphite layer, the coating weight w of the graphite layer, and the heat capacity D of the copper foil. By adding the term of the heat capacity D of the copper foil, the heat capacity (cw) of the graphite layer and the heat capacity D of the copper foil are separated, and the coating weight and density can be determined only for the graphite layer.

  Substituting the above equation (3) into the above equation (2) gives the following equation (4) which is a theoretical equation.

As described above, the room temperature is 0 ° C. here, and the temperature increase value ΔT ₀ (= T ₀ −T _∞ ) is the same value as the maximum temperature T ₀ . When the relationship (measurement result) between the maximum temperature T ₀ and the area weight w shown in FIG. 9 is approximated by the above equation (4), the heat quantity Q per unit area, the specific heat c of the graphite layer, and the heat capacity D of the copper foil Each is required. Specifically, it is assumed that “ΔT ₀ (= T ₀ )” and “w” in the above equation (4) are variables, and “Q”, “c” and “D” are constants. Then, using the method of least squares or the like so that the curve representing the above equation (4) comes closest to a plurality of measurement points (combination of T ₀ and w), the constant “Q” “c” “D Determine the value of

  When the measurement result shown in FIG. 9 is approximated by the above equation (4), the following equation (5) is obtained as the “second relational expression”. Here, it is not necessary to obtain the correct value for each of the heat quantity Q, the specific heat c of the graphite layer, and the heat capacity D of the copper foil, and each of the constants “Q”, “c” and “D” to be closest to a plurality of measurement points The value should be determined. Moreover, when each of the heat quantity Q, the specific heat c, and the heat capacity D is known by another measurement, the value may be substituted.

Coating in which the coating weight w is unknown in the "measurement processing" by acquiring in advance the "second relational expression" that represents the relationship between the maximum temperature T ₀ and the basis weight w before performing the measurement processing It is possible to measure the basis weight w from the maximum temperature T _{0 of the} film. The above-mentioned “second relational expression” may be an expression representing the relationship between the temperature increase value ΔT ₀ (= T ₀ −T _∞ ) and the basis weight w. The temperature rise value ΔT ₀ absorbs the influence of the ambient temperature T _∞ .

  In addition, when the heat quantity Q to be applied, the specific heat c of the graphite layer, and the heat capacity D of the copper foil are known beforehand, each numerical value is substituted into the above-mentioned formula (4) which is a theoretical formula. The relational expression may be obtained. In this case, the approximation in the above equation (4) can be omitted.

FIG. 10 is a table showing values of cooling characteristics (hA / C) obtained for the plurality of known coated films shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, the cooling characteristic (hA / C) shows a change in the basis weight w, which is different from the maximum temperature T ₀ . For example, unlike the change of the maximum temperature T ₀ , the value decreases in the order of no press, weak press, and strong press.

As described above, since the maximum temperature T ₀ is correlated with the basis weight w, the cooling characteristic (hA / C) changes under the influence of factors other than the basis weight w. In the plurality of coating films shown in FIG. 6, since the weight per unit area w and the density ρ are changed, it is considered that the cooling characteristic (hA / C) is affected by the density ρ.

FIG. 11 is a graph in which the cooling characteristic (hA / C) shown in FIG. 10 is plotted with respect to (1 / Tw _T0 ). w _T0 is the coating weight obtained using the “second relational expression” from the maximum temperature T ₀ of the coated film. The measurement points for a basis weight of 7 mg / cm ² are represented by ((circles). The measurement points for a basis weight of 10 mg / cm ² are represented by □ (squares). The measurement points for a basis weight of 13 mg / cm ² are represented by ◇ (diamonds). As can be seen from FIG. 11, the relationship (measurement result) between the cooling characteristics (hA / C) and (1 / ρw _T0 ) can be approximated by a straight line represented by the following equation (6). "A" and "b" are constants.

Using the least squares method or the like, the straight line represented by the above equation (6) is a constant “a” such that it is closest to a plurality of measurement points (combination of (hA / C) and (1 / ρw _T0 ) If the measurement result shown in Fig. 11 is approximated by the above equation (6), the following equation (7) is obtained as the "third relation equation".

Before executing the measurement process, the density rho in the “measurement process” can be obtained by acquiring in advance the “third relational expression” representing the relationship between the cooling characteristic (hA / C), the basis weight w, and the density ρ. It is possible to measure the density ρ of the coating film from the cooling characteristics (hA / C) of the coating film of which is unknown and the basis weight w _T0 obtained from the maximum temperature T ₀ .

<Measurement process>
Next, “measurement processing” for measuring the coating weight and the like of the coating film will be described.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of “measurement processing”. The program for executing the “measurement process” is performed by the CPU 40A of the measuring device from the ROM 40B when the user instructs execution of the program while the plate-like member provided with the coating film is disposed at the measurement position. It is read and executed. When measurement is performed on a plurality of coating films of the same type, “measurement processing” is performed for each of the coating films.

  First, in step 200, acquisition of measurement data of a coated film is started. The “coated film” to be measured in the measurement process is a coated film in which each of the basis weight w and the density ρ is unknown. The temperature measuring unit starts measuring the temperature of the coated film. The measurement of the temperature is performed at a predetermined position in the plane of the coated film. The control unit acquires the measurement value of the temperature of the coating film every predetermined time.

  Next, in step 202, the temperature control unit is instructed to heat the coated film. The temperature control unit applies heat to the coating film at one time. The temperature of the coated film rises to the maximum temperature.

  Next, in step 204, it is determined whether the temperature of the coating film has converged. The coated film heated by the temperature control unit is gradually cooled naturally. The temperature of the coated film converges to the ambient temperature over time.

  For example, with the ambient temperature set to 0 ° C. (0 ° C. ± 3 ° C.), a predetermined temperature range is determined centering on the ambient temperature, and the temperature of the coating film falls within the predetermined temperature range In this case, it may be determined that the temperature of the coating film has converged.

  If the temperature of the coating film converges, the process proceeds to step 206. Subsequently, in step 206, the acquisition of the measurement data of the coated film is ended. On the other hand, when the temperature of the coating film does not converge, the determination is repeated in step 204.

Next, in step 208, the first relation is read from the storage device, and the obtained measurement data is approximated by the first relation to obtain the maximum temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _∞ , and the cooling characteristic (hA / C). Get each value of).

Next, in step 210, reads the second relational expression from the storage device, by using the second relationship, the value of the maximum temperature T ₀ obtained in step 208, the value of the basis weight w _T0 of the coating film get. In the case where the above-mentioned “second relational expression” is a formula representing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ (= T ₀ −T _∞ ) and the basis weight w, the maximum temperature T ₀ and the ambient temperature T _∞ The value of the coating weight w _T0 of the coating film is obtained from the value of the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ obtained from the above.

Next, in step 212, the third relational expression is read from the storage device, and using the third relational expression, the value of the cooling characteristic (hA / C) obtained in step 208 and the basis weight w obtained in step 210 _From the value of _T0, the value of the density ρ of the coating film is obtained, and the routine is ended.

  According to the first embodiment, it is possible to nondestructively measure the coating weight and the density of the coating film from the time change of the temperature of the coating film after heating. By using the measurement result in a short time from the start of heating as in the embodiment described later, the measurement accuracy of the weight per unit area is improved. Further, in the case of approximation by the “first relational expression” according to Newton's cooling law with theoretical backing, the values of the coating weight and density of the coated film become more reliable.

  Further, in the above embodiment, assuming that the temperatures of the plate-like member and the coating film at the predetermined positions (within the area of the unit area) are uniform, the area weight and the density at each position are determined. When the film thickness of at least one of the plate-like member and the coating film is large and a temperature gradient occurs in the thickness direction, thermal diffusion in the substance may be taken into consideration.

  For example, when a temperature gradient occurs in the thickness direction during heating, cooling is started before the temperature of the coating film becomes constant, so the amount of heat Q to be applied, the specific heat c of the graphite layer, and the heat capacity of the copper foil Even if each value of D is known, it becomes difficult to apply the above-mentioned formula (4) which is a theoretical formula. In this case, the second relational expression is obtained by changing the theoretical expression to an expression in which thermal diffusion is considered or by approximating the expression (4).

  In addition, when a temperature gradient occurs during cooling, approximation by the above equation (6) becomes difficult. In this case, assuming that the density in the thickness direction is constant, the equation (6) may be changed to an equation in which thermal diffusion is considered.

-Second embodiment-
The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that only the area weight w is determined. Further, in the second embodiment, the method of calculating the basis weight w (preparation processing and measurement processing) is different from that of the first embodiment. In the preparation process, the relationship between the temperature increase value ΔT _{m at} a specific time t _m immediately after heating and the basis weight w is determined in advance.
In the measurement process, measures the temperature T _m of a coating film of a particular time t _m, using the previously obtained relationship, to calculate the weight per unit area w corresponding to the measured temperature T _m. In the first embodiment, the basis weight w is calculated from the estimated value of the temperature T ₀ of the coating film at time t = 0, but in the second embodiment, the coating film of the specific time t _m is The basis weight w is calculated from the measured value of the temperature T _m . The other parts are the same as those of the first embodiment, so the description will be omitted, and only the differences will be described.

<Preparation process>
In the second embodiment, in the preparation process, for each of a plurality of known coating film, and heating the coating film, to measure the temperature T _m of a at time t _m. Temperature T _m of a coating film obtained by the preparation process may be a measured value measured at time t _m, it may be estimated value estimated from the front and rear of the measurement values of the time t _m. An accurate value of the temperature T _m can be determined by using an estimated value estimated from a plurality of measured values rather than using one measured value (measured value).
In the case of _obtaining an estimated value of the temperature T _m , for example, as in the first embodiment, by approximating the measurement data with the “first relational expression” according to the Newton's cooling law, the maximum for each measurement data is obtained. The temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _等, etc. are determined. As in the first embodiment, the measurement period may be a period from immediately before heating until the temperature of the coating film converges on the ambient temperature T _∞ . For example, it is a period from immediately before heating until 15 seconds have elapsed.
Incidentally, as described below, using the measured data for a specific period immediately after heating, it may be determined estimated value of the temperature T _m. Also, as described later, the measurement data may be approximated by a straight line to obtain an estimated value of the temperature T _m .

In the first embodiment, from the obtained maximum temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _{及 び} and the known basis weight w, a “second relationship” representing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w is obtained. Ask. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, at the “specific time t _m ”, the “fourth representing the relationship between the temperature increase value ΔT _m (= T _m −T _∞ ) at the time t _m and the basis weight w” Find the relational expression.

(Specific time)
The specific time t _m is a time immediately after the heating. The measurement accuracy of the coating weight w is improved using the measurement results in a short time from the start of heating. The specific time t _m is set by the user at least one. For example, when the measurement interval by a temperature measuring unit to 0.01 sec (100 Hz), the specific time _{t m,} 0.03 seconds, 0.05 seconds, 0.07 seconds, 0.1 seconds, 0.5 It may be seconds or the like.

  The heat transfer, which is the temperature change of the coating film, includes (1) heat transfer from the front and back and side surfaces of the coating film to the air and (2) heat conduction due to the temperature difference in the coating film. is there. For example, the case of measuring the distribution of the coating weight of the coated film will be considered. The temperature rise value at the moment of giving a fixed amount of heat is larger in the area with smaller area weight than in the area with large area weight. This is because the heat capacity is smaller in the area where the basis weight is smaller.

For this reason, at the moment of heating, a temperature difference occurs in the coating film. Thereafter, the temperature of the coating film is lowered by the behavior of the above (1) and (2). The temperature difference, which was large at the moment of heating, is reduced by heat transfer inside the coating film according to the above (2). Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the weight per unit area w lowers when the measurement results of a long time before returning to the ambient temperature are used.

On the other hand, when measuring the temperature of a coating film non-contactingly, the temperature of the moment of a heating can not be measured correctly. For example, when heating is performed by irradiation with a flash lamp, the influence of reflected light and scattered light is large at the moment of heating, and the temperature of the coating film can not be measured accurately. Therefore, at a specific time t _{m (after} heating), measuring the temperature of the coating film.

Further, by setting a large value as the time t _m, the temperature rise value [Delta] T _m is greatly influenced by the cooling characteristics of the coated film. The cooling characteristics vary depending on the thickness and density of the coating film, so the value of ΔT _m is different even with the same coating weight. If this variation exceeds the allowable range, the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT _m and the basis weight w can not be determined. Therefore, there is an upper limit value at a particular time t _m. For example, the specific time t _m is within one second.

Since time t _m is immediately after heating, temperature rise value ΔT _m is approximately equal to temperature rise value ΔT ₀ at time t = 0. Therefore, if ΔT _m ΔΔT ₀ in the above equation (4), the correlation between the temperature rise value ΔT _{m and the} basis weight w is also supported by the theoretical equation.

(Procedure of preparation process)
The procedure of the preparation process according to the second embodiment will be described using the flowchart shown in FIG. The procedure of the preparation process according to the second embodiment is the same as the procedure of the "preparation process" shown in FIG. 5 up to step 104. In step 104, for each of the plurality of known coating films, the measurement data is approximated by the above equation (1) to obtain the maximum temperature T ₀ and the ambient temperature T _∞ .

In the second embodiment, at the next step 106, instead of the "second relation" above represents the relationship between the temperature rise value [Delta] T _m and basis weight w at time t _m "fourth relational expression Ask for The next step 108 is omitted. Next, at step 110, the obtained "fourth relational expression" is stored in the storage device, and the preparation processing is ended.

The “second relational expression” is, for example, an expression representing the relationship between the temperature increase value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w regardless of the time as shown in the above-mentioned expression (5). In contrast, "fourth relational expression" is associated with a particular time t _m, representing the relationship between the temperature rise value [Delta] T _m and basis weight w at time t _m. If the specific time t _m is set to 0.03 sec, 0.05 sec, 0.07 sec, 0.1 sec, 0.5 sec and more than one, then for each of the multiple times t _m " The fourth relational expression is obtained.

<Measurement process>
In the second embodiment, in the measurement process, by heating the coated film to be measured, to measure the temperature T _m of a coating film at the time t _m. The measured value of the temperature T _m of a coating film at the time t _m, separately from a temperature T _∞ ambient measured, obtaining the temperature rise value [Delta] T _m at time t _m. Further, the weight per unit area w corresponding to the temperature increase value ΔT _m at time t _m is obtained using the “fourth relational expression” obtained in the preparation processing. In the second embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, in the measurement processing, approximation by the “first relational expression” is not performed.

(Procedure of measurement processing)
Next, “measurement processing” for measuring the coating weight and the like of the coating film will be described.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of “measurement processing” according to the second embodiment. The program for executing the “measurement process” is performed by the CPU 40A of the measuring device from the ROM 40B when the user instructs execution of the program while the plate-like member provided with the coating film is disposed at the measurement position. It is read and executed. When measurement is performed on a plurality of coating films of the same type, “measurement processing” is performed for each of the coating films.

  First, in step 300, acquisition of measurement data of a coated film is started. The “coated film” to be measured is a coated film in which each of the basis weight w and the density ρ is unknown. The temperature measuring unit starts measuring the temperature of the coated film. In the present embodiment, the temperature distribution at the plural positions in the plane of the coating film is measured to acquire the temperature distribution of the coating film.

Next, in step 302, the temperature control unit is instructed to heat the coated film. The temperature control unit applies heat to the coating film at one time. The temperature of the coated film rises to the maximum temperature. The coated film heated by the temperature control unit is gradually cooled naturally. Next, in step 304, the control unit obtains the temperature distribution T _m of a coating film at the time t _m which is set from the temperature measurement unit, the measurement is ended.

Next, in step 306, using a fourth relational expression corresponding to the time _{t m,} the temperature distribution _{T m} of a time _{t m} obtained in step 304 is converted into basis weight distribution. That is, for each position in the plane of the coating film, the temperature T _m and the ambient temperature T _∞ of the coating film of the time t _m, to obtain the values of the corresponding mass per unit area w _Tm, the routine ends.

<Specific example>
Hereinafter, specific examples will be described.
(Preparation process)
FIG. 14 is a table showing another example of a plurality of known coated films having different combinations of weight and density. In the illustrated example, the known coating film is a graphite layer coated on a copper foil. In the illustrated example, nine types of known coated films having different combinations of basis weight w and density ρ are prepared.

The coating weight w of the known coating film changes in three steps of 7.24 mg / cm ² , 10.59 mg / cm ² , and 14.11 mg / cm ² . Further, the density ρ of the known coating film changes in three steps of no press → press weak → press strength. As the press strength increases, the density ρ of the known coating film increases and the thickness d of the known coating film decreases.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing an example of measurement data. This measurement data is measurement data of a known coated film without a press and having a basis weight w of 7.24 mg / cm ² . As described above, each _value of the maximum temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _∞ , and the cooling characteristic (hA / C) was determined for each measurement data by approximating the measurement data with the above equation (1). The curve having a constant "T _∞" "T _0", "hA / C", are also shown in bold lines in FIG. 15 as "approximate line".

The approximate line is a curve represented by the following equation (8). The values of the constants α, β and γ are determined from the maximum temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _∞ and the values of the cooling characteristic (hA / C). As shown in the following formula (8), the temperature T _t of the coated film is a function of time t. Accordingly, the temperature _{T m} for a specific time _{t m} is determined. Temperature T _m, determined the relation between the ambient temperature T _∞, and from the known basis weight w, and the temperature rise value [Delta] T _m and basis weight w of the time t _m.

Figure 16 (A) and (B) is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature rise value [Delta] T _m and basis weight w of the time _{t m.} FIG. 16A shows the relationship when time t _m is 0.03 seconds, and FIG. 16B shows the relationship when time t _m is 0.5 seconds. The measurement points for a basis weight of 7.24 mg / cm ² are represented by ((circles). The measurement points for a basis weight of 10.59 mg / cm ² are represented by □ (squares). The measurement points for a basis weight of 14.11 mg / cm ² are represented by ◇ (diamonds).

(Measurement process)
The basis weight w and the density ρ is unknown coating film (measurement object), and heated under the same conditions as the known coating film, to obtain the temperature distribution of the coating film of the time t _m immediately after heating. The temperature distribution is converted into a weight distribution using the “fourth relational expression” obtained in the preparation processing.

FIGS. 17A to 17E are images showing an example of the weight distribution obtained from the coating film to be measured. FIG. 17 (A) shows the weight distribution when the time t _m is 0.03 seconds. FIG. 17 (B) shows the weight distribution when the time t _m is 0.05 seconds. FIG. 17 (C) shows the weight distribution when the time t _m is 0.07 seconds. FIG. 17 (D) shows the weight distribution when the time t _m is 0.1 second. FIG. 17E shows the distribution of the coating weight when the time t _m is 0.5 seconds. The more white, the more weight, and the more black, the less weight.

The site lying horizontally in the center of the image is the sample. The black places at the top and bottom of the screen are jigs for fixing the sample. There is a small area at the center of the sample. The value of time t _m increases, it can be seen that the basis weight distribution is unclear. In the illustrated example, the basis weight distribution at time t _m = 0.03 seconds shown in FIG. 17A is accurate with the highest resolution. The fabric weight is accurately determined when the heating moment is closer.

Before performing the measurement process, the weight (weight w) in the measurement process can be obtained by obtaining in advance a relationship (fourth relation) between the temperature increase value ΔT _{m at} a specific time t _m immediately after heating and the weight w. It becomes possible to measure the fabric weight w from the temperature T _m of the coating film of unknown.

  According to the second embodiment, the basis weight of the coated film can be accurately measured nondestructively from the actually measured value of the temperature of the coated film at a specific time immediately after heating. By using the measurement result in a short time from the start of heating, the measurement accuracy of the area weight improves.

  In addition, the density of a coating film can be calculated | required by the other method of calculating | requiring from the thickness of the coating film measured separately, for example.

-Third embodiment-
The third embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in the method of calculating the basis weight w (preparation processing and measurement processing). When approximating measurement data in a preparation process and a measurement process, measurement data of a specific period (from time t _m to time t _e ) immediately after heating is used. The measurement period may be up to time t _e . The other parts are the same as those of the first embodiment, so the description will be omitted, and only the differences will be described.

<Preparation process>
In the third embodiment, in the preparation process, the coating film is heated for each of the plurality of known coating films, and measurement data of a specific period (t _m -t _e ) is acquired.

The second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the period used for curve approximation is shortened. The maximum temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _∞ , and the cooling characteristic (hA / C) are determined for each measurement data by approximating the first relation according to Newton's law of cooling. The “maximum temperature T ₀ ” is an estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at time t = 0.
From the obtained maximum temperature T ₀ , ambient temperature T _{及 び} and the known basis weight w, the “second relationship” representing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w, and the cooling characteristics (hA / C) A “third relationship” representing the relationship between the product of the weight w and the density ρ is obtained.

(Specific period)
The specific period (t _m -t _e ) is a short period immediately after heating. The measurement accuracy of the coating weight w is improved using the measurement results in a short period after the start of heating. The specific period (t _m -t _e ) is set by the user at least one. The measurement data after time t _m is used because the temperature at the moment of heating can not be accurately measured, as in the first embodiment. The specific time t _m is 0.03 seconds etc.

Time t _e is the end of the period, from the time at which the temperature T _t of the coating film is converged to a temperature T _∞ ambient is set to an earlier time. In the first embodiment, measurement data up to the convergence time is acquired. For example, when the convergence time from the start of heating and after 15 seconds, the time t _e of the third embodiment may be 10 seconds or the like.

For example, when the measurement interval by a temperature measuring unit to 0.01 sec (100 Hz), a specific time period _{(t m} -t _e) is 0.03 seconds to 0.1 seconds, 0.03 seconds to 0.2 Seconds, 0.03 seconds to 0.5 seconds, 0.03 seconds to 1 second, 0.03 seconds to 2 seconds, or 0.03 seconds to 10 seconds may be used.

<Measurement process>
In the third embodiment, in the measurement process, the coating film to be measured is heated, and measurement data of a specific period (t _m −t _e ) is acquired as in the preparation process. The second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the period used for curve approximation is shortened. The maximum temperature T ₀ , the ambient temperature T _∞ , and the cooling characteristic (hA / C) are determined for each measurement data by approximating the first relation according to Newton's law of cooling. A temperature rise value ΔT ₀ is determined from the obtained maximum temperature T ₀ and the ambient temperature T _∞ .

From the obtained temperature rise value ΔT _0, the corresponding weight per unit area w _T0 is determined using the “second relational expression”. Further, the corresponding density ρ is determined from the obtained cooling characteristics (hA / C) and the basis weight w _T0 using the “third relational expression”.

<Specific example>
Hereinafter, specific examples will be described.
(Preparation process)
Measurement data of a period from immediately before heating to after 10 seconds was obtained for each of the nine types of known coated films shown in FIG. FIG. 18 is a graph showing an example of measurement data. Here, measurement data from immediately before heating to one second after is illustrated. This measurement data is measurement data of a known coated film without a press and having a basis weight w of 7.24 mg / cm ² .

As described above, by approximating the measured data for a specific time period (t _m -t _e) by the above formula (1), the maximum temperature T ₀ for each measurement _data, the ambient temperature T _∞, and cooling characteristics (hA / The values of C) were obtained. Further, the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ was determined from the maximum temperature T ₀ and the ambient temperature T _∞ . The curve having a constant "T _∞" "T _0", "hA / C", also shown in FIG. 18 by a thick line as "approximate line".

FIGS. 19A and 19B are graphs showing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w. FIG. 19A shows the relationship when the specific period (t _m -t _e ) is 0.03 seconds to 0.1 seconds, and FIG. 19B shows the specific period (t _m -t _e ) Is a relationship in the case of 0.03 seconds to 10 seconds. The measurement points for a basis weight of 7.24 mg / cm ² are represented by ((circles). The measurement points for a basis weight of 10.59 mg / cm ² are represented by □ (squares). The measurement points for a basis weight of 14.11 mg / cm ² are represented by ◇ (diamonds).

(Measurement process)
The coating film (measurement object) of unknown weight per unit area w and density 未知 was heated under the same conditions as the known coating film, and measurement data of a period from immediately before heating to 10 seconds was acquired. An example of the difference in temperature change depending on the portion of the coating film is shown in FIG. The coating film used in the second embodiment is to be measured. FIG. 20 (A) shows the weight per unit area of the sample which is an example, superimposed on the weight per unit distribution (see FIG. 17 (A)) obtained from the temperature distribution of the coated film 0.03 seconds after heating. It is an image which shows the position of measurement point (alpha) in few area | regions, and the position of measurement point (beta) in the area | region where there are many areas.

FIG. 20 (B) is a graph showing an example of measurement data measured for each position. The vertical axis represents the temperature T _t of the coating film at time t. The horizontal axis represents time t. Heating of the coated film is started at time t = 0. Since the measurement point α has a small weight per unit area, the maximum temperature T ₀ during heating is large.

The temperature rise value ΔT ₀ was determined from the measurement data of the specific period (t _m -t _e ), and the corresponding basis weight w _T0 was determined from the obtained temperature rise value ΔT ₀ using the “second relational expression”. Further, the corresponding density ρ was determined from the obtained cooling characteristics (hA / C) and the basis weight w _T0 using the “third relational expression”.

FIGS. 21A to 21F are images showing an example of the weight distribution obtained from the coating film to be measured. FIG. 21A shows the distribution of the coating weight when the time t _e is 0.1 seconds. FIG. 21 (B) shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is 0.2 seconds. FIG. 21 (C) shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is 0.5 seconds. FIG. 21D shows the distribution of the coating weight when time t _e is 1 second. FIG. 21E shows the distribution of the coating weight when the time t _e is 2 seconds. FIG. 21F shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is 10 seconds.

It can be seen that as the value of time t _e increases, the weight distribution becomes unclear. In the illustrated example, the basis weight distribution at time t _e = 0.1 second shown in FIG. 21A is the highest resolution and accurate. If the period used for curve approximation is short, the basis weight is accurately determined.

  According to the third embodiment, it is possible to nondestructively measure the coating weight and the density of the coating film from the time change of the temperature of the coating film in the specific period immediately after the heating. By using the measurement results in a short time from the start of heating, the influence of the heat transfer in the coated film due to heat conduction is reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the area weight is improved.

  When approximating measurement data in preparation processing and measurement processing, measurement data up to the convergence time is used by using measurement data of a specific period immediately after heating (for example, a period within 1 second from the start of heating) As compared with the case where it does, it becomes possible to measure the fabric weight precisely.

-Fourth Embodiment-
The fourth embodiment is the same as the third embodiment in that measurement data of a specific period (t _m -t _e ) immediately after heating is used. The fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in which curve approximation is performed in that measurement data is linearly approximated. The fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that, in principle, only the basis weight w is determined. The other parts are the same as those of the third embodiment, so the description will be omitted and only the differences will be described.

<Preparation process>
In the fourth embodiment, in the preparation process, the known coating film is heated for each of the plurality of known coating films, and measurement data of a specific period (t _m -t _e ) is acquired. The specific period (t _m -t _e ) is, for example, a short period of 0.03 seconds to 1 second.

In the fourth embodiment, measurement data is approximated by a straight line represented by the following equation (9). The constant E and the constant F are obtained for each measurement data to obtain an approximate expression. Specifically, it is assumed that “T _t ” and “t” in the following equation (9) are variables, and “E” and “F” are constants. Then, using the least squares method or the like, the straight line representing the following equation (9) is a constant “E” “F” so as to be closest to a plurality of measurement points (combination of T _t and t) of measurement data. Determine each value of

The maximum temperature T ₀ is determined by substituting t = 0 into the obtained approximate expression. The “maximum temperature T ₀ ” is an estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at time t = 0. The temperature rise value ΔT ₀ is determined from the obtained maximum temperature T ₀ and the ambient temperature T _∞ determined separately. The relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w is expressed by the above equation (4). From the value of the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ obtained by the linear approximation and the value of the known basis weight w, a “second relational expression” representing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w is determined.

<Measurement process>
In the fourth embodiment, in the measurement process, the coating film to be measured is heated, and measurement data of a specific period (t _m -t _e ) is acquired. Similar to the preparation process, the approximation is performed by approximating with the straight line represented by the above equation (9).

The maximum temperature T ₀ is determined by substituting t = 0 into the obtained approximate expression. The temperature rise value ΔT ₀ is determined from the obtained maximum temperature T ₀ and the ambient temperature T _∞ determined separately. From the obtained temperature rise value ΔT _0, the corresponding weight per unit area w _T0 is determined using the “second relational expression”.

<Specific example>
Hereinafter, specific examples will be described.
(Preparation process)
Measurement data of a period from immediately before heating to one second after was acquired for each of the nine types of known coated films shown in FIG. FIG. 22 is a graph showing an example of measurement data. This measurement data is measurement data of a known coated film without a press and having a basis weight w of 7.24 mg / cm ² .

As described above, by approximating the measurement data of a specific period (t _m -t _e ) with the above equation (9), the maximum temperature T ₀ (the temperature at t = 0) and the temperature rise value for each measurement data ΔT ₀ was determined. A straight line having constants "E" and "F" is additionally described as an "approximate line" in FIG. When the time period used for approximation is short, the time change of the temperature of the coated film approaches a straight line, and therefore, it can be approximated by a straight line. The straight line approximation reduces the number of terms of the constant, and the approximation calculation can be performed in a shorter time.

FIGS. 23A and 23B are graphs showing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w. FIG. 23A shows the relationship when the specific period (t _m -t _e ) is 0.03 seconds to 0.1 seconds, and FIG. 23B shows the specific period (t _m -t _e ) Is set to 0.03 seconds to 0.5 seconds. The measurement points for a basis weight of 7.24 mg / cm ² are represented by ((circles). The measurement points for a basis weight of 10.59 mg / cm ² are represented by □ (squares). The measurement points for a basis weight of 14.11 mg / cm ² are represented by ◇ (diamonds).

(Measurement process)
The coating film (measurement object) whose weight per unit area w and density rho are unknown was heated under the same conditions as the known coating film, and measurement data of a specific period (t _m -t _e ) was acquired. Calculated temperature rise value [Delta] T ₀ from the measured data, to determine the basis weight w _T0 corresponding with the "second relation" from the obtained temperature rise value [Delta] T _0. The time _{t m} was 0.03 seconds.

FIGS. 24A and 24B are images showing an example of the area distribution obtained from the coating film to be measured. FIG. 24 (A) shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is 0.1 seconds. FIG. 24 (B) shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is 0.5 seconds. The weight distribution can also be determined by linear approximation.

It can be seen that as the value of time t _e increases, the weight distribution becomes unclear. In the illustrated example, the distribution of the basis weight at time t _e = 0.1 second shown in FIG. 24A is accurate with high resolution. If the time period used for the approximation is short, the weight per unit area can be accurately determined.

  According to the fourth embodiment, the basis weight of the coated film can be nondestructively measured from the time change of the temperature of the coated film in the specific period immediately after heating. By using the measurement result in a short time from the start of heating, the measurement accuracy of the area weight improves.

  When approximating measurement data in preparation processing and measurement processing, by using measurement data of a specific period immediately after heating, the area weight can be measured more accurately than in the case of using measurement data up to the convergence time. It becomes possible.

  Further, by performing linear approximation on the measurement data, the load of approximate calculation is reduced as compared with the case of approximation by an exponential function such as “first relational expression” related to Newton's cooling law.

In the fourth embodiment, only the weight w is determined. However, the density を may be determined by using the constant “E” of the equation (9) as the cooling characteristic. For example, before performing the measurement process, the relationships among the cooling characteristic E, the basis weight w, and the density ρ are obtained in advance. In the measurement process, the density ρ of the coating film is measured from the cooling characteristic E of the coating film whose density ρ is unknown and the basis weight w _T0 obtained from the maximum temperature T ₀ .

-Fifth Embodiment-
The fifth embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in that the measurement interval (interval of sampling) at the time of acquiring measurement data is extended. The other parts are the same as those of the fourth embodiment, so the description will be omitted, and only the differences will be described.

<Specific example>
Hereinafter, specific examples will be described.
(Preparation process)
Measurement data of a period from immediately before heating to one second after was acquired for each of the nine types of known coated films shown in FIG. FIG. 25 is a graph showing an example of measurement data. This measurement data is measurement data of a known coated film without a press and having a basis weight w of 7.24 mg / cm ² . In the first to fourth embodiments, measurement values are acquired at measurement intervals of 0.01 second interval (100 Hz). In the fifth embodiment, measurement values are acquired at measurement intervals of 0.05 seconds (20 Hz). In the fifth embodiment, the measurement point is reduced to (1⁄5) compared to the other embodiments.

As described above, by approximating the measurement data by the above equation (9), the maximum temperature T ₀ (the temperature at t = 0) and the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ were obtained for each measurement data. A straight line having constants "E" and "F" is shown as a "approximate line" in bold in FIG.

FIGS. 26A and 26B are graphs showing the relationship between the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ and the basis weight w. FIG. 26A shows the relationship when the specific period (t _m -t _e ) is 0.05 seconds to 0.15 seconds, and FIG. 26B shows the specific period (t _m -t _e ) It is a relationship at the time of making 0.05 second-1 second. The measurement points for a basis weight of 7.24 mg / cm ² are represented by ((circles). The measurement points for a basis weight of 10.59 mg / cm ² are represented by □ (squares). The measurement points for a basis weight of 14.11 mg / cm ² are represented by ◇ (diamonds).

(Measurement process)
The coating film (measurement object) whose weight per unit area w and density rho are unknown was heated under the same conditions as the known coating film, and measurement data of a specific period (t _m -t _e ) was acquired. The maximum temperature T ₀ was determined from the measurement data. The “maximum temperature T ₀ ” is an estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at time t = 0. From the maximum temperature T ₀ and the ambient temperature T _別途 obtained separately, the temperature rise value ΔT ₀ was determined. The corresponding basis weight w _T0 was determined from the obtained temperature increase value ΔT ₀ using the “second relational expression”. The time _{t m} was 0.05 seconds.

FIGS. 27 (A) to (D) are images showing an example of the weight distribution obtained from the coating film to be measured. FIG. 27 (A) shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is 0.15 seconds. FIG. 27 (B) shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is 0.2 seconds. FIG. 27 (C) shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is 0.5 seconds. FIG. 27 (D) shows the weight distribution when the time t _e is one second. Even if the measurement interval is increased, the weight distribution can be obtained.

It can be seen that as the value of time t _e increases, the weight distribution becomes unclear. In the illustrated example, the basis weight distribution at time t _e = 0.15 seconds shown in FIG. 27A is accurate with high resolution. If the time period used for the approximation is short, the weight per unit area can be accurately determined.

  According to the fifth embodiment, the basis weight of the coated film can be measured nondestructively from the time change of the temperature of the coated film in the specific period immediately after heating. By using the measurement result in a short time from the start of heating, the measurement accuracy of the area weight improves.

  When approximating measurement data in preparation processing and measurement processing, by using measurement data of a specific period immediately after heating, the area weight can be measured more accurately than in the case of using measurement data up to the convergence time. It becomes possible.

  Further, by performing linear approximation on the measurement data, the load of approximate calculation is reduced as compared with the case of approximation by an exponential function such as “first relational expression” related to Newton's cooling law. Furthermore, when performing linear approximation, the weight per unit area can be determined even if the measurement interval is lengthened and the measurement points are reduced as described above.

-Modified example-
The configurations of the measuring device, the measuring method, and the program described in the above embodiment are merely examples, and it goes without saying that the configurations may be changed without departing from the scope of the present invention.

  In the above embodiment, mainly the case where heat is applied to the coating film and heating is performed and then cooling is performed, but in the case where heat is taken away (cooling), the temperature opposite to the case where heat is applied Since changes are involved, the basis weight and density can be calculated by the same measurement method.

The maximum temperature T ₀ is an example of the “temperature reaching value” when the coating film is heated. In the case of cooling the coated film, the “temperature reaching value” is the minimum temperature T ₀₁ . Temperature _{T t} of the coating film, after reaching the minimum temperature _{T 01,} return gradually from the lowest temperature _{T 01} up to a temperature T _∞ around. In this case, the ambient temperature T _を is taken as the reference temperature, and the difference between the lowest temperature T ₀₁ and the ambient temperature T _∞ is taken as the temperature drop value ΔT ₀₁ (= −T ₀₁ −T _∞ ).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Measurement apparatus 12 Coating film 14 Dark room 16 Conveying belt 18 Plate-like member 20 Temperature adjustment part 30 Temperature measurement part 40 Control part 42 Display part 44 Input part 46 Communication part 48 Storage part

Claims (14)

The coating film at the first time when the heating or cooling is started at a predetermined position of the coating film when the coating film applied to the surface of the plate-like member is heated or cooled Acquisition means for acquiring, as a specific value, either one of the estimated value of the temperature and the actually measured value of the temperature of the coated film at the second time immediately after the heating or cooling is started;
When the specific value is acquired, the specific value acquired by the acquisition unit using a predetermined relationship between the temperature of the coated film at a time according to the specific value and the basis weight of the coated film Output means for determining and outputting the coating weight at a predetermined position of the coating film corresponding to
Measuring device equipped with The estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at the first time is
Determine the time change of the temperature of the coated film by a curve or a straight line,
The measuring device according to claim 1. The curve is expressed by an exponential equation representing Newton's cooling law.
The measuring device according to claim 2. The change over time of the temperature of the coated film in a predetermined period after the start of the heating or cooling and before the temperature of the coated film converges is approximated by the curve or the straight line.
The measuring device according to claim 2 or claim 3. The predetermined period is a period within one second after the start of the heating or cooling,
The measuring device according to claim 4. The estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at the first time is
In obtaining the predetermined relationship, the temperature of the coating film at the first time is estimated by the same method as that for the plurality of coating films whose weight per unit area is known,
The measuring device according to any one of claims 2 to 5. When obtaining a predetermined relationship between the temperature of the coating film at the second time and the coating weight of the coating film, the time change of the temperature of the coating film having a known coating weight is approximated by a curve or a straight line The temperature of the coated film at the second time,
The measuring device according to claim 1. In the case where the acquisition means further acquires the cooling characteristic of the coated film together with the estimated value of the temperature of the coated film at the first time,
The output unit is configured to cool the coating film acquired by the acquiring unit using a predetermined relationship between the cooling characteristics of the coating film, the coating weight of the coating film, and the density of the coating film. Outputting the density of the coating film at a predetermined position corresponding to the characteristic and the coating weight of the coating film acquired by the output unit;
The measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.   The measuring device according to claim 2 which widens the sampling interval of the time change of the temperature of said coating film, when approximating the time change of the temperature of said coating film with a straight line. The coating film is a graphite layer coated on a copper foil,
The measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9. There are a plurality of predetermined positions,
The acquisition means acquires a time change of temperature distribution of the coated film.
The measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 10. The temperature distribution of the coated film is obtained from an infrared camera,
The measuring device according to claim 11. The coating film at the first time when the heating or cooling is started at a predetermined position of the coating film when the coating film applied to the surface of the plate-like member is heated or cooled Obtaining either one of the estimated value of the temperature and the measured value of the temperature of the coated film at the second time immediately after the heating or cooling is started as the specific value,
When the specific value is acquired, it corresponds to the acquired specific value using a predetermined relationship between the temperature of the coated film at a time corresponding to the specific value and the coated amount of the coated film. Determining and outputting the coating weight at a predetermined position of the coating film,
Measurement method. Computer,
The coating film at the first time when the heating or cooling is started at a predetermined position of the coating film when the coating film applied to the surface of the plate-like member is heated or cooled Acquisition means for acquiring, as a specific value, either one of the estimated value of the temperature and the measured value of the temperature of the coated film at the second time immediately after the heating or cooling is started,
When the specific value is acquired, the specific value acquired by the acquisition unit using a predetermined relationship between the temperature of the coated film at a time according to the specific value and the basis weight of the coated film Output means for determining and outputting the coating weight at a predetermined position of the coating film, corresponding to
Program to function as.