JP2019082248A - Air spring and wraparound suppressing member - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an air spring which can suppress the contact between an upper surface plate and a lower surface plate when the air spring is compressed, while keeping a good normal ride comfort.SOLUTION: An air spring is equipped with an upper surface plate, a lower surface plate, a diaphragm, and a wraparound suppressing member. The lower surface plate opposes to the upper surface plate. The diaphragm couples the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate, and forms an inner space between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate. The wraparound suppressing member is configured to suppress the wraparound of the diaphragm to a lower side of the wraparound suppressing member when at least either one of the upper surface plate or the lower surface plate moves in a direction in which they come close to each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an air spring and a wraparound prevention member.

  For example, air springs are used as suspensions for railway vehicles. In railway vehicles, the rigidity of the air spring is reduced in order to improve the ride comfort, and an air spring capable of controlling the orifice diameter according to the traveling speed is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-162156 (Patent Document 1). It is done.

JP, 2011-162156, A

  As mentioned above, since the railway vehicle uses a soft air spring, the upper plate of the air spring contacts the lower plate by vibration or centrifugal force at a point where the track conditions change, for example, a slope change point (descent slope end point etc.) It will be easier. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced as rail cars get faster. When the upper surface plate of the air spring contacts the lower surface plate, the impact upon contact and the vibration from the track are directly transmitted to the vehicle, which deteriorates the ride quality of the vehicle.

  An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide an air spring capable of suppressing the contact between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate when the air spring is compressed while keeping a normal ride quality well.

  An air spring according to an aspect of the present invention includes an upper surface plate, a lower surface plate, a diaphragm, and a wraparound suppressing member. The bottom plate faces the top plate. The diaphragm connects the top plate and the bottom plate to form an internal space between the top plate and the bottom plate. The wraparound restraining member is configured to be capable of restraining that the diaphragm wraps around to the lower side of the wraparound restraining member when at least one of the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate moves in the direction in which they approach each other.

  An air spring according to an aspect of the present invention includes an upper surface plate, a lower surface plate, a diaphragm, and a wraparound suppressing member. The bottom plate faces the top plate. The diaphragm connects the top plate and the bottom plate to form an internal space between the top plate and the bottom plate. The wraparound restraining member is provided on the outer periphery of the lower surface plate. When the axial distance between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate is the first distance, the axial distance between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate is the first distance on the surface of the wraparound restraining member. In the case of the second distance which is smaller than the second distance, there is a portion in contact with the diaphragm.

  An air spring according to an aspect of the present invention includes an upper surface plate, a lower surface plate, a diaphragm, and a wraparound suppressing member. The bottom plate faces the top plate. The diaphragm connects the top plate and the bottom plate to form an internal space between the top plate and the bottom plate. The wraparound restraining member is provided on the outer periphery of the lower surface plate. After the axial distance between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate reaches a predetermined amount of deformation and compression, the rate of decrease of the effective pressure receiving area with respect to the distance decreases or increases.

  The wraparound restraining member according to an aspect of the present invention is for restraining the wraparound of the diaphragm of the air spring, and includes a first annular member and a second annular member. The second annular member is axially adjacent to the first annular member. The first annular member has a first outer peripheral portion whose radial width increases in a direction from the first annular member toward the second annular member. The second annular member has a second outer peripheral portion whose radial width increases as it goes from the first annular member toward the second annular member, and is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion. In a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction and the radial direction, the inclination of the tangent of the second outer peripheral portion with respect to the axial direction is larger than the inclination of the tangent of the first outer peripheral portion with respect to the axial direction.

  The wraparound restraining member according to an aspect of the present invention is for restraining the wraparound of the diaphragm of the air spring, and includes a first annular member and a second annular member. The second annular member is axially adjacent to the first annular member. The first annular member has a first outer peripheral portion whose radial width decreases in the direction from the first annular member to the second annular member. The second annular member has a second outer peripheral portion whose radial width increases as it goes from the first annular member toward the second annular member, and is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion.

  The wraparound restraining member according to an aspect of the present invention is for restraining the wraparound of the diaphragm of the air spring, and includes a first annular member and a second annular member. The second annular member is axially adjacent to the first annular member. The first annular member has a first outer peripheral portion parallel to the axial direction. The second annular member has a second outer peripheral portion whose radial width increases as it goes from the first annular member toward the second annular member, and is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide an air spring capable of suppressing the contact between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate when the air spring is compressed while keeping a normal ride quality well.

It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which showed the structure of the air spring which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and was taken along the II line of FIG. It is a plane mimetic diagram showing composition of an air spring concerning a 1st embodiment. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of region III of FIG. 1; It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the structure of the air spring in case the space | interval of the axial direction of an upper surface board and a lower surface board is 1st distance (H1). It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the structure of the air spring in case the space | interval of the axial direction of an upper surface board and a lower surface board is 2nd distance (H2). It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the structure of the air spring in case the space | interval of the axial direction of an upper surface board and a lower surface board is 3rd distance (H3). It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the structure of the modification of the air spring in case the space | interval of the axial direction of an upper surface board and a lower surface board is 2nd distance (H2). It is a figure which shows the relationship of the compression load and compression displacement in the air spring which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a cross section showing the composition of the air spring concerning a 2nd embodiment. It is a cross section showing the composition of the air spring concerning a 3rd embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the 1st example of a wraparound suppression member. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the 2nd example of a wraparound suppression member. It is a schematic diagram which shows the measuring method of compression load. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the compression load and compression displacement in the air spring which concerns on the samples 1-5. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the vehicle height value in the air spring which concerns on the samples 6 and 7, a vehicle body vertical acceleration, and the gradient of a track | orbit. It is a cross section showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning the 1st example. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the structure of the wraparound suppression member which concerns on 2nd Example. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the structure of the wraparound suppression member which concerns on 3rd Example. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the structure of the wraparound suppression member which concerns on 4th Example. It is a cross section showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 5th example. It is a front view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is a rear view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is a right side view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is a left side view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is a top view which shows the structure of the wraparound suppression member which concerns on 1st Example. It is a bottom view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is a perspective view 1 showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is a perspective view 2 showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is an AA line sectional view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is a BB line enlarged view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning a 1st example. It is a front view which shows the structure of the wraparound suppression member which concerns on 2nd Example. It is a rear view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 2nd example. It is a right side view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning the 2nd example. It is a left side view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 2nd example. It is a top view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 2nd Example. It is a bottom view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 2nd Example. It is a perspective view 1 showing the composition of a run-around control member concerning the 2nd example. It is a perspective view 2 showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 2nd example. It is the sectional view on the AA line which shows the composition of the run-around control member concerning the 2nd example. It is a BB line enlarged view which shows the structure of the wraparound suppression member which concerns on 2nd Example. It is a front view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 3rd example. It is a rear view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 3rd Example. It is a right side view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning a 3rd example. It is a left side view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 3rd example. It is a top view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 3rd Example. It is a bottom view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning a 3rd example. It is a perspective view 1 showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 3rd example. It is a perspective view 2 showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 3rd example. It is an AA line sectional view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 3rd example. It is a BB line enlarged drawing which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 3rd Example. It is a front view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 4th Example. It is a rear view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 4th Example. It is a right side view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning a 4th example. It is a left side view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 4th example. It is a top view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 4th Example. It is a bottom view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 4th example. It is a perspective view 1 showing the composition of a run-around control member concerning a 4th example. It is a perspective view 2 showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 4th example. It is an AA line sectional view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning a 4th example. It is a BB line enlarged drawing which shows the structure of the wraparound suppression member which concerns on 4th Example. It is a front view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 5th example. It is a rear view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 5th example. It is a right side view showing composition of a run-around control member concerning a 5th example. It is a left side view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 5th example. It is a top view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 5th Example. It is a bottom view which shows the structure of the wrap prevention member which concerns on 5th Example. It is a perspective view 1 showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 5th example. It is a perspective view 2 showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 5th example. It is an AA line sectional view showing the composition of the run-around control member concerning a 5th example. It is a BB line enlarged view which shows the structure of the wraparound prevention member which concerns on 5th Example.

[Description of the embodiment]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be listed and described.

  (1) The air spring 1 according to one aspect of the present invention includes the upper surface plate 31, the lower surface plate 20, the diaphragm 4, and the wraparound suppressing member 10. The lower plate 20 faces the upper plate 31. The diaphragm 4 connects the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 to form an internal space 3 between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20. The wrap-around restraining member 10 is configured to be capable of restraining that the diaphragm 4 wraps around the lower side of the wrap-around restraining member 10 when at least one of the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 moves toward each other.

  (2) In the air spring 1 according to (1), the wraparound suppressing member 10 may be provided on the outer periphery of the lower surface plate 20.

  (3) In the air spring 1 according to (2), the lower surface plate 20 may include a protrusion 21 extending in the radial direction from the side surface of the lower surface plate 20. The wraparound restraining member 10 may be in contact with the protrusion 21.

  (4) In the air spring 1 according to (3), the wraparound suppressing member 10 may be configured by the first member 12 and the second member 11 that supports the first member 12. The second member 11 may be in contact with the protrusion 21.

  (5) In the air spring 1 according to the above (3), the wraparound suppressing member 10 may be configured of the first member 12. The first member 12 may be in contact with the protrusion 21.

  (6) In the air spring 1 according to (4) or (5), the first member 12 may be made of a rubber material.

  (7) In the air spring 1 according to (4) or (5), the first member 12 may be made of a resin material.

  (8) In the air spring 1 according to (4) or (5), the first member 12 may be made of a metal material.

  (9) In the air spring 1 according to any one of the above (3) to (8), the lower end portion of the wraparound suppressing member 10 is located below the lower end portion of the projecting portion 21 in the axial direction Y It is also good.

  (10) The air spring 1 according to any one of the above (3) to (9) may further include the laminated rubber 5 positioned on the opposite side to the upper surface plate 31 with respect to the lower surface plate 20. The protrusion 21 may be provided between the laminated rubber 5 and the wrap around suppressing member 10 in the radial direction.

  (11) In the air spring 1 according to any one of the above (1) to (10), the wraparound suppressing member 10 may include the upper end surface 13 and the side end surface 14 connected to the upper end surface 13. The side end surface 14 may have an inclined portion 14 b provided so that the width in the radial direction X increases toward the lower side in the axial direction Y.

  (12) In the air spring 1 according to any one of the above (1) to (10), the side end surface 14 of the wraparound suppressing member 10 further includes a vertical portion 14a extending in a direction parallel to the axial direction Y It may be The inclined portion 14 b may be connected to the vertical portion 14 a on the lower side in the axial direction Y.

  (13) In the air spring 1 according to (12), the angle formed by the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b may be 140 ° or more and 175 ° or less.

  (14) The air spring 1 according to any one of the above (1) to (13) may further include a connecting shaft 8 configured to be able to communicate with the internal space.

  (15) The air spring 1 according to one aspect of the present invention includes the upper surface plate 31, the lower surface plate 20, the diaphragm 4, and the wrap around suppressing member 10. The lower plate 20 faces the upper plate 31. The diaphragm 4 connects the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 to form an internal space 3 between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20. The wrap around suppressing member 10 is provided on the outer periphery of the lower surface plate 20. On the surface of the wraparound restraining member 10, when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is the first distance, it is separated from the diaphragm 4 and the axis between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 In the case of the second distance in which the distance in the direction Y is smaller than the first distance, there is a portion in contact with the diaphragm 4.

  (16) The air spring 1 according to one aspect of the present invention includes the upper surface plate 31, the lower surface plate 20, the diaphragm 4, and the wrap around suppressing member 10. The lower plate 20 faces the upper plate 31. The diaphragm 4 connects the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 to form an internal space 3 between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20. The wrap around suppressing member 10 is provided on the outer periphery of the lower surface plate 20. After the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y reaches a predetermined amount of deformation and compression, the rate of decrease of the effective pressure receiving area with respect to the distance decreases or increases.

  (17) The wraparound restraining member 10 according to an aspect of the present invention is for restraining the wraparound of the diaphragm of the air spring, and includes a first annular member 61 and a second annular member 62. The second annular member 62 is adjacent to the first annular member 61 in the axial direction. The first annular member 61 has a first outer peripheral portion 14 a whose radial width increases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62. The second annular member 62 has a second outer peripheral portion 14b whose width in the radial direction increases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62 and is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion 14a. . In a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, the inclination of the tangent of the second outer peripheral portion 14b with respect to the axial direction Y is larger than the inclination of the tangent of the first outer peripheral portion 14a with respect to the axial direction Y.

  (18) According to the wraparound suppressing member 10 according to (17), in the cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b is linear It may be.

  (19) According to the wrap around suppressing member 10 according to (17), in the cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b has a curved shape It may be.

  (20) The wraparound restraining member 10 according to an aspect of the present invention is for restraining the wraparound of the diaphragm of the air spring, and includes the first annular member 61 and the second annular member 62. The second annular member 62 is adjacent to the first annular member 61 in the axial direction Y. The first annular member 61 has a first outer peripheral portion 14 a in which the width in the radial direction X decreases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62. The second annular member 62 has a second outer peripheral portion 14 b whose width in the radial direction X increases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62 and is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion 14 a There is.

  (21) According to the wrap around suppressing member 10 according to the above (20), in the cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b is linear It may be.

  (22) According to the wraparound suppressing member 10 according to (20), in the cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b has a curved shape It may be.

(23) The wraparound restraining member 10 according to an aspect of the present invention is for restraining the wraparound of the diaphragm of the air spring, and includes the first annular member 61 and the second annular member 62. The second annular member 62 is adjacent to the first annular member 61 in the axial direction Y. The first annular member 61 has a first outer peripheral portion 14 a parallel to the axial direction Y. The second annular member 62 has a second outer peripheral portion 14 b whose width in the radial direction X increases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62 and is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion 14 a There is.
Details of Embodiment
Hereinafter, the details of the embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

First Embodiment
First, the configuration of the air spring according to the first embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment includes an outer cylinder 30, a lower plate 20, a diaphragm 4, a laminated rubber 5, a sliding plate 9, a connecting shaft 8, and an orifice. 7 and the wraparound suppressing member 10 are mainly included. The outer cylinder 30 mainly has an upper surface plate 31, an outer peripheral portion 32 and an outer cylinder rubber 33. The lower plate 20 faces the upper plate 31. The diaphragm 4 has a tubular shape, and connects the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20. The diaphragm 4 forms an internal space 3 between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20. The diaphragm 4 is in contact with the side surface 34 of the upper surface plate 31 and the side surface 23 of the lower surface plate 20. The internal space 3 is filled with compressed air. The outer peripheral portion 32 is continuous with the upper surface plate 31 and is located on the outer peripheral side of the upper surface plate 31 (see FIG. 2). An outer cylinder rubber 33 is attached to the inner side surface of the outer peripheral portion 32. A part of the outer cylinder rubber 33 is in contact with a part of the diaphragm 4.

  The sliding plate 9 is attached to the upper surface plate 31 on the lower surface of the upper surface plate 31. The laminated rubber 5 is disposed below the lower surface plate 20. In other words, the laminated rubber 5 is located on the side opposite to the upper surface plate 31 with respect to the lower surface plate 20. The connecting shaft 8 is disposed inside the laminated rubber 5. The connecting shaft 8 is configured to be able to communicate with the internal space 3. The connecting shaft 8 is configured to connect the internal space 3 and an auxiliary air chamber (not shown). The orifice 7 is located, for example, inside the connecting shaft 8. The orifice 7 can adjust the cross-sectional area of the passage in the connecting shaft 8. Thereby, the pressure of the internal space 3 can be controlled. The orifice 7 may be configured to be capable of holding the pressure of the internal space 3 constant.

  The lower surface plate 20 is provided on the laminated rubber 5. The lower surface plate 20 has, for example, a main body 22 and a protrusion 21. The protruding portion 21 extends in the radial direction X from the side surface 24 of the main body portion 22 of the lower surface plate 20. Specifically, the protrusion 21 protrudes from the side surface 24 to the outside in the radial direction X and to the lower side in the axial direction Y. The protrusion 21 may be provided between the laminated rubber 5 and the wrap around suppressing member 10 in the radial direction X. In the present specification, the axial direction Y is a direction perpendicular to the lower surface plate 20, and the radial direction X is a direction parallel to the lower surface plate 20.

  The wraparound restraining member 10 is provided, for example, on the outer periphery of the lower surface plate 20. Specifically, the wraparound restraining member 10 is in contact with, for example, the upper surface and the side surface of the protrusion 21. The lower plate 20 may be a single member (one-piece), or a member in which two or more members are layered and fixed by a bolt or the like (a separate). May be For example, in the case where the second metal plate different from the first metal plate is provided on the first metal plate constituting the upper surface of the laminated rubber 5, the lower surface plate 20 includes the first metal plate and the second metal. It consists of a board. Further, a second metal plate different from the first metal plate is provided on the first metal plate constituting the upper surface of the laminated rubber 5, and a third metal plate different from the second metal plate is provided on the second metal plate. In the case where the lower plate 20 is formed, the lower plate 20 is configured of the first metal plate, the second metal plate, and the third metal plate. The wrap around suppressing member 10 may be provided on the outer periphery of the first metal plate, may be provided on the outer periphery of the second metal plate, or may be provided on the outer periphery of the third metal plate.

  When at least one of the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 moves in a direction in which the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 approach each other (compressed in the height direction of the air spring) It is configured to be able to suppress wraparound. The wraparound restraining member 10 has an elastic material such as rubber, for example. Details of the configuration of the wraparound restraining member 10 will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the outer cylinder 30 has a substantially circular shape in a plan view. In FIG. 2, the vertical direction is the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The longitudinal direction of the vehicle is the direction in which the vehicle travels. In FIG. 2, the left and right direction is the left and right direction of the vehicle. The lateral direction of the vehicle is a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer peripheral end 32 a of the outer peripheral portion 32 in the left-right direction may be located lower than the outer peripheral end 32 b of the outer peripheral portion 32 in the front-rear direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the wraparound restraining member 10 may be configured of, for example, a first member 12 and a second member 11 that supports the first member 12. The first member 12 covers at least a part of the surface of the second member 11. The second member 11 is in contact with, for example, the protrusion 21. The second member 11 is disposed, for example, between the protrusion 21 and the first member 12. The second member 11 is a base member that supports the first member 12. The second member 11 is made of a material having rigidity higher than that of the first member 12. The lower end 15 of the wraparound restraining member 10 is located, for example, below the lower end 23 of the protrusion 21 in the axial direction Y. The lower end 15 of the wraparound restraining member 10 may be configured by the first member 12. The wraparound restraining member 10 may be configured of only the first member 12. The first member 12 may be in contact with the protrusion 21.

  The first member 12 may be made of, for example, a rubber material. The rubber material is, for example, a rubber material mainly composed of NR (natural rubber), BR (butadiene rubber), SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), EPDM (ethylene propylene diene rubber) and the like.

  The first member 12 may be made of a resin material. The resin material is, for example, a resin material mainly composed of polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyacetal resin, fluorine resin, nylon resin and the like.

  The first member 12 may be made of a metal material. The metal material is, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, magnesium, titanium or the like, or a metal or metal-based oxide containing these as main components.

  The wraparound restraining member 10 includes, for example, an upper end surface 13 and a side end surface 14. The side end surface 14 communicates with the upper end surface 13. The side end surface 14 has, for example, a first outer peripheral portion 14a (vertical portion 14a) and a second outer peripheral portion 14b (inclined portion 14b). The first outer peripheral portion 14 a is continuous with the upper end surface 13 and extends in a direction parallel to the axial direction Y. The second outer peripheral portion 14 b is provided so as to be continuous with the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and to increase in width in the radial direction X toward the lower side in the axial direction Y. In other words, the second outer peripheral portion 14 b extends in the direction including the component in the outer direction of the radial direction X and the component in the lower direction of the axial direction Y. The second outer peripheral portion 14 b is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion 14 a on the lower side in the axial direction Y. The first outer peripheral portion 14 a may be inclined with respect to the axial direction Y.

  The angle (third angle θ3) formed by the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b is, for example, 140 ° or more and 175 ° or less. The upper limit of the third angle θ3 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 170 ° or 160 °. The lower limit of the third angle θ3 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 145 ° or 150 °.

Next, the operation of the air spring will be described.
FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the air spring when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is the first distance H1. In this case, the diaphragm 4 is in contact with the upper end surface 13 of the wrap-around restraining member 10 but is separated from the side end surface 14. In other words, a gap may be provided between the side end surface 14 and the diaphragm 4. The above configuration shows an example of the shape of the air spring, and the diaphragm 4 may not be in contact with the upper end surface 13. Specifically, the diaphragm 4 may be separated from each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b of the wrap around suppressing member 10. In the radial direction X, when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 is the first distance H1, the distance from the center O1 of the arc portion 4a on one side of the diaphragm 4 to the center O2 of the arc portion 4b on the other side is It is the first width D1 (see FIG. 1).

  FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the air spring when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is the second distance H2. The second distance H2 is smaller than the first distance H1. In this case, the diaphragm 4 may be in contact with the upper end surface 13 of the wrap around suppressing member 10 and in contact with the side end surface 14. In other words, no gap may be provided between the side end surface 14 and the diaphragm 4. Specifically, the diaphragm 4 may be in contact with each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b of the wrap around suppressing member 10. In the radial direction X, when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 is the second distance H2, the distance from the center O1 of the arc portion 4a on one side of the diaphragm 4 to the center O2 of the arc portion 4b on the other side is It is the second width D2. The second width D2 is smaller than the first width D1.

  As described above, when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is the first distance H 1 on the surface of the wrap around suppressing member 10, the surface is separated from the diaphragm 4. When the distance between the lower surface plate 20 and the axial direction Y is a second distance H2 which is smaller than the first distance H1, there is a portion in contact with the diaphragm 4. Specifically, the portions are, for example, the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b. The said part may be only the 2nd outer peripheral part 14b. Mainly by the said part, when air spring 1 is compressed, it may be suppressed that diaphragm 4 gets under the undersurface board 20. As shown in FIG.

  FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the air spring when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is the third distance H3. The third distance H3 is smaller than the second distance H2. In this case, the diaphragm 4 may be in contact with the upper end surface 13 of the wrap around suppressing member 10 and in contact with the side end surface 14. In other words, no gap may be provided between the side end surface 14 and the diaphragm 4. Specifically, the diaphragm 4 may be in contact with each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b of the wrap around suppressing member 10. When the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 is the third distance H3, the distance from the center O1 of the arc portion 4a on one side of the diaphragm 4 to the center O2 of the arc portion 4b on the other side is the third width D3. is there. The third width D3 may be substantially the same as the second width D2. The third width D3 may be smaller than the second width D2 or larger than the second width D2.

  FIG. 7 shows the configuration of a modification of the air spring when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is the second distance H2. The second distance H2 is smaller than the first distance H1. In this case, the diaphragm 4 may be in contact with the upper end surface 13 of the wrap-around restraining member 10 and may be in contact with only a part of the side end surface 14. In other words, a gap may be provided between the side end surface 14 and the diaphragm 4. Specifically, the diaphragm 4 may be in contact with a portion of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and a portion of the second outer peripheral portion 14 b of the wrap around suppressing member 10. For example, the connection between the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b may be separated from the diaphragm.

  As the distance D1 (see FIG. 1) from the center O1 of the arc portion 4a on one side of the diaphragm 4 to the center O2 of the arc portion 4b on the other side increases, the effective pressure receiving area increases. The vertical load of the air spring is calculated as the product of the internal pressure of the diaphragm and the effective pressure receiving area. When the distance from the center O1 of the arc portion 4a on one side of the diaphragm 4 to the center O2 of the arc portion 4b on the other side is increased, the load in the vertical direction is increased. In other words, the amount of change in the effective pressure receiving area with respect to the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is reduced (or increased) by the wraparound restraining member 10. The amount of change in load in the vertical direction with respect to the spacing in the axial direction Y can be reduced (or increased). Therefore, the spring constant at the second distance H2 is harder in the axial direction Y than in the spring constant at the first distance H1.

  Next, the characteristics of the air spring will be described. When the railway vehicle travels on a flat surface, the compression displacement of the air spring is relatively small. In a rail car, a softer spring is more comfortable to ride than a hard spring. On the other hand, when the railway vehicle travels on an inclined surface or a curved line, the vertical displacement of the air spring becomes large due to the inertial force in the vertical direction. Therefore, the air spring sinks largely at an inflection point or the like when rising from descent on a slope of the route. Therefore, the top plate of the air spring is likely to contact the bottom plate. When the top plate of the air spring contacts the bottom plate, the vibration from the track is directly transmitted to the vehicle, which deteriorates the ride comfort of the vehicle.

  It is desirable to control the characteristics of the air spring as follows in order to maintain a good ride both when traveling on a flat surface and when traveling down an inclined surface. That is, it is desirable to have soft spring characteristics in the range in which the compression displacement of the air spring is small, and to have hard spring characteristics in the range in which the compression displacement of the air spring is large.

  In order to realize the above characteristics, while keeping the internal pressure of the air spring constant, as shown in FIG. 8, in the range (R1) where the compression displacement is small, the reduction rate of the compression load to the compression displacement is set. In the range (R2) where the displacement is maintained large and the displacement is large, it is desirable to keep the decreasing rate of the compression load to the displacement small. Specifically, the absolute value of the reduction rate of the compression load to the compression displacement in the range of 0 mm or more and less than 20 mm is the absolute value of the reduction rate of the compression load to the compression displacement in the range of 20 mm to 30 mm. The air spring is configured to be large. As shown in FIG. 8, in a range (R2) where the compression displacement is a predetermined compression displacement (for example, 20 mm) or more, the compression load may decrease as the compression displacement increases (symbol A), or may be constant. It may be good (code B) or may be increased (code C).

  As described above, the vertical load of the air spring is calculated as the product of the pressure in the diaphragm and the effective pressure receiving area. As the effective pressure receiving area increases, the rigidity in the vertical direction increases. In the air spring 1 of the present embodiment, after the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y reaches a predetermined deformation compression amount (for example, the compression displacement is 20 mm), the effective pressure receiving area (in other words, the above distance) The reduction rate of the compression load is reduced or increased, that is, the vertical rigidity is kept high. When the reduction rate of the effective pressure receiving area decreases or increases, the effective pressure receiving area decreases as the interval decreases (the compression displacement increases) (symbol A), and the effective pressure receiving area for the interval decreases. The case where the rate of change is constant (code B) and the case where the effective pressure receiving area increases as the interval becomes smaller (the compression displacement becomes larger) (code C) (see FIG. 8). From another point of view, in the air spring 1 of the present embodiment, the absolute value of the rate of reduction of the effective pressure receiving area with respect to the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is greater than the predetermined distance is The space between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is configured to be larger than the absolute value of the rate of change of the effective pressure receiving area with respect to the above distance less than a predetermined distance.

Next, the operation and effect of the air spring according to the first embodiment will be described.
According to the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, when the wraparound suppressing member 10 moves in the direction in which at least one of the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 approaches each other (compressed in the height direction of the air spring) In addition, it is possible to suppress that the diaphragm 4 wraps around the lower side of the wrap prevention member 10. Thus, when the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 is small, the reduction ratio of the effective pressure receiving area to the distance can be reduced or increased. As a result, soft spring characteristics are realized in the range where the distance is large (in other words, the compression displacement is small), and hard spring characteristics are realized in the range where the distance is small (in other words, the compression displacement is large). can do. Therefore, when the said space | interval is small, it can suppress that the upper surface board 31 and the lower surface board 20 contact. As a result, for example, even when traveling at a high speed of 300 km or more per hour, it can be expected to maintain a good ride quality. Furthermore, it is expected that good riding comfort can be maintained without contact between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 even when rapid acceleration is input vertically to the air spring as well as when traveling at high speed. .

  Moreover, according to the air spring 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, the side end surface 14 of the wraparound prevention member 10 has the 1st outer peripheral part 14a and the 2nd outer peripheral part 14b connected with the 1st outer peripheral part 14a. When the angle (third angle θ3) formed by the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b is small, the wear of the diaphragm 4 becomes large. When the third angle θ3 is large, the non-linearity of the compressive load decreases. Also, the position in the height direction of the inflection point at the third angle θ3 (in other words, the boundary between the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b) is a smaller amount of compressive displacement closer to the top plate direction. You can control it.

  Furthermore, in the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, the first member 12 may be made of a rubber material. Thereby, the wear resistance of the diaphragm 4 can be improved.

  Furthermore, in the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, the first member 12 may be made of a resin material. Thereby, the wear resistance of the diaphragm 4 can be improved.

  Furthermore, in the air spring 1 according to the first embodiment, the first member 12 may be made of a metal material. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain the wraparound suppressing member 10 having high dimensional accuracy, high wear resistance, and high strength while reducing the cost.

Second Embodiment
Next, the configuration of the air spring according to the second embodiment will be described. The configuration of the air spring according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the air spring according to the first embodiment except for the configuration shown in FIG. In the following, points different from the configuration of the air spring according to the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same description will not be repeated.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the wrap prevention member 10 is provided to extend downward from the protrusion 21 in the axial direction Y. The wraparound restraining member 10 has, for example, an elongated cylindrical shape. The lower end 15 of the wraparound restraining member 10 is located below the lower end 23 of the protrusion 21 in the axial direction Y. The wraparound restraining member 10 may be configured of, for example, a first member 12 and a second member 11 that supports the first member 12. The second member 11 may cover the entire side surface of the protrusion 21. The second member 11 is provided to extend downward from the protrusion 21 in the axial direction Y. The lower end 15 of the wraparound restraining member 10 may be configured by the first member 12. The lower end portion 15 of the wraparound restraining member 10 is located, for example, near the center of the laminated rubber 5 in the axial direction Y.

  According to the air spring of the second embodiment, the wraparound prevention member 10 is provided to extend downward from the protrusion 21 in the axial direction Y. As a result, the wrap-around restraining member 10 can effectively prevent the diaphragm 4 from wrapping around on the lower side of the wrap-around restraining member 10.

Third Embodiment
Next, the configuration of the air spring according to the third embodiment will be described. The configuration of the air spring according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the air spring according to the first embodiment except for the configuration shown in FIG. In the following, points different from the configuration of the air spring according to the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same description will not be repeated.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the wraparound restraining member 10 is configured of the first member 12 and may not have the second member 11. The first member 12 is in contact with the protrusion 21 and is supported by the protrusion 21. The surface 25 of the projecting portion 21 has a vertical portion 21a, an inclined portion 21b, and a convex portion 21c. The vertical portion 21a communicates with the convex portion 21c. The vertical portion 21 a extends in a direction parallel to the axial direction Y. The inclined portion 21 b is provided so as to be continuous with the vertical portion 21 a and to increase the width in the radial direction X toward the lower side in the axial direction Y. The convex portion 21 c protrudes upward in the axial direction Y. The first member 12 covers, for example, the vertical portion 21a, the inclined portion 21b, and the convex portion 21c. The first member 12 may be in contact with part of the lower end 23 of the protrusion 21.

  According to the air spring of the third embodiment, the wraparound restraining member 10 is composed of the first member 12. Thereby, without using the second member 11, it is possible to suppress the diaphragm 4 from coming around under the wrap around suppressing member 10. Therefore, the number of parts of the air spring can be reduced, and the same effect as that of the air spring of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  In addition, although the air spring which concerns on the said embodiment is mainly used for the suspension for rail vehicles, it is not limited to the suspension for rail vehicles. The air spring according to the above embodiment may be used for a suspension such as a car, a bus or a truck, for example.

Next, the outline of the configuration of the wraparound restraining member will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the wraparound restraining member 10 is, for example, annular. As shown in FIG. 11, the second outer peripheral portion 14 b is provided, for example, over the entire circumference (360 °) of the wrap prevention member 10. That is, the second outer peripheral portion 14b is provided in both the front-rear direction and the left-right direction of the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 12, the second outer peripheral portion 14 b may be provided, for example, only on a part of the periphery of the wraparound suppressing member 10. The second outer peripheral portion 14 b is provided, for example, only in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and may not be provided in the left-right direction. When viewed in the axial direction Y, the second outer peripheral portion 14b is provided in a range of, for example, about ± 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and in a range of, for example, about ± 45 ° with respect to the lateral direction of the vehicle, The second outer peripheral portion 14b may not be provided. In the left-right direction, for example, the first outer peripheral portion 14 a may extend from the upper end surface 13 to the lower end portion 15. Alternatively, the second outer peripheral portion 14 b may be provided, for example, only in the left-right direction of the vehicle, and may not be provided in the front-rear direction.

Next, the details of the configuration of the wraparound restraining member will be described.
(First embodiment)
First, the configuration of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the first embodiment will be described. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the wrap prevention member 10 shown in FIG. 11 as viewed in a plane parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X (left-right direction or front-rear direction). The wrap prevention member 10 according to the first embodiment is for suppressing wrap around of the diaphragm 4 of the air spring 1. As shown in FIG. 16, the wraparound restraining member 10 mainly includes a first annular member 61 and a second annular member 62. Each of the first annular member 61 and the second annular member 62 is provided to surround the same straight line along the axial direction Y. The second annular member 62 is adjacent to the first annular member 61 in the axial direction Y (see FIG. 11). The second annular member 62 is located on one side (lower side) of the first annular member 61 in the axial direction Y. The second annular member 62 is connected to the first annular member 61. The second annular member 62 may be integral with the first annular member 61 or may be separate.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the first annular member 61 has a first outer peripheral portion 14a. The first outer peripheral portion 14 a is parallel to the axial direction Y. From another viewpoint, in the direction (direction E) from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62, the first outer circumferential portion 14a has a constant radial width. The direction E is parallel to the axial direction Y. The second annular member 62 has a second outer peripheral portion 14 b. The radial width of the second outer peripheral portion 14 b increases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62 (direction E). The second outer peripheral portion 14 b is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion 14 a.

  As shown in FIG. 16, in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b is linear. The angle (third angle θ3) formed by the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b is, for example, 140 ° or more and 175 ° or less. The upper limit of the third angle θ3 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 170 ° or 160 °. The lower limit of the third angle θ3 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 145 ° or 150 °.

Second Embodiment
Next, the configuration of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the second embodiment will be described. The wrap prevention member 10 according to the second embodiment has a first embodiment in which the first outer peripheral portion 14a has a radial width that increases in a direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62. It differs from the wrap prevention member 10 according to the example, and the other configuration is the same as the wrap prevention member 10 according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the configuration different from that of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the first annular member 61 has a first outer peripheral portion 14a. The radial width of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a increases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62 (direction E). The direction E is parallel to the axial direction Y. The second annular member 62 has a second outer peripheral portion 14 b. The radial width of the second outer peripheral portion 14 b increases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62 (direction E). The second outer peripheral portion 14 b is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion 14 a.

  As shown in FIG. 16, in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b is linear. In this case, the tangent of the second outer peripheral portion 14b is the second outer peripheral portion 14b. Similarly, the tangent of the first outer peripheral portion 14a is the first outer peripheral portion 14a. The inclination (second angle θ2) of the tangent of the second outer peripheral portion 14b to the axial direction Y in the cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X is the inclination of the tangent of the first outer peripheral portion 14a to the axial direction It is larger than the first angle θ1).

Third Embodiment
Next, the configuration of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the third embodiment will be described. The wrap prevention member 10 according to the third embodiment differs from the wrap prevention member 10 according to the second embodiment in that each of the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b is curved. The configuration is the same as that of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the second embodiment. Hereinafter, the configuration different from the wrap around suppressing member 10 according to the second embodiment will be mainly described.

  As shown in FIG. 18, in the wrap-around restraining member 10 according to the second embodiment, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b has a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X It is curvilinear. Each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b has, for example, an arc shape. The radius of curvature of the second outer circumferential portion 14 b may be the same as the radius of curvature of the first outer circumferential portion 14 a. The radius of curvature of the second outer peripheral portion 14 b may be larger than the radius of curvature of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a.

  As shown in FIG. 18, in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, the inclination (second angle θ2) of the tangent (second tangent 72) of the second outer peripheral portion 14b with respect to the axial direction Y is The inclination (first angle θ1) of the tangent (first tangent 71) of the first outer peripheral portion 14a with respect to the axial direction Y is larger.

Fourth Embodiment
Next, the configuration of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. In the wrap-around restraining member 10 according to the fourth embodiment, the first annular member 61 has the first outer peripheral portion 14a in which the width in the radial direction X decreases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62. The configuration is different from the wrap around suppressing member 10 according to the first embodiment, and the other configuration is the same as the wrap around suppressing member 10 according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the configuration different from that of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the first annular member 61 has a first outer peripheral portion 14 a. The radial width of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a decreases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62 (direction E). The direction E is parallel to the axial direction Y. The second annular member 62 has a second outer peripheral portion 14 b. The radial width of the second outer peripheral portion 14 b increases in the direction from the first annular member 61 toward the second annular member 62 (direction E). The second outer peripheral portion 14 b is continuous with the first outer peripheral portion 14 a.

  As shown in FIG. 19, in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b is linear. In a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, the first outer peripheral portion 14 a is inclined with respect to the axial direction Y. The second outer peripheral portion 14 b is inclined with respect to the axial direction Y. The inclination direction of the second outer peripheral portion 14 b with respect to the axial direction Y is different from the inclination direction of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a with respect to the axial direction Y.

Fifth Embodiment
Next, the configuration of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the fifth example will be described. The wrap prevention member 10 according to the fifth embodiment is different from the wrap prevention member 10 according to the fourth embodiment in that each of the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b is curved. The configuration is the same as that of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the fourth embodiment. Hereinafter, the configuration different from that of the wraparound restraining member 10 according to the third embodiment will be mainly described.

  As shown in FIG. 20, in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, each of the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b has a curved shape. Each of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a and the second outer peripheral portion 14 b has, for example, an arc shape. The radius of curvature of the second outer circumferential portion 14 b may be the same as the radius of curvature of the first outer circumferential portion 14 a. The radius of curvature of the second outer peripheral portion 14 b may be larger than the radius of curvature of the first outer peripheral portion 14 a.

  As shown in FIG. 20, in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction Y and the radial direction X, the inclination direction of the tangent (fourth tangent 74) of the second outer peripheral portion 14b with respect to the axial direction Y This is different from the inclination direction of the tangent (third tangent 73) of the outer circumferential portion 14a.

  FIGS. 21 to 30 are views showing the configuration of a wraparound restraining member according to the first embodiment. 31 to 40 are views showing the configuration of a wraparound restraining member according to the second embodiment. 41 to 50 are views showing the configuration of a wraparound restraining member according to the third embodiment. 51 to 60 are views showing the configuration of a wrap around suppressing member according to the fourth embodiment. 61 to 70 are views showing the configuration of a wraparound restraining member according to the fifth embodiment.

(Sample preparation)
First, air springs of Samples 1 to 4 according to the inventive example and an air spring of Sample 5 according to the comparative example were prepared. The air springs of the samples 1 to 4 have the lower surface plate 20 and the wraparound suppressing member 10 of the air spring according to the first embodiment. In the air springs of Samples 1 to 4, the angles (third angle θ3) (see FIG. 3) formed by the first outer peripheral portion 14a and the second outer peripheral portion 14b of the wrap around suppressing member 10 are 140 °, 150 °, and 160, respectively. ° and 175 °. The air spring of the sample 5 has a usual rubber seat which does not suppress the wraparound of the diaphragm. The side surface of the rubber seat extends in the axial direction Y. The lower end portion of the rubber seat is located at the same height as the lower end portion of the protrusion 21 in the axial direction Y.

(Compression load test method)
Next, the compression load test method will be described. As shown in FIG. 13, the vertical load tester 50 mainly includes a load cell 51, a connection portion 52, a displacement gauge 53, and a pedestal 54. The air spring 1 is disposed between the load cell 51 and the pedestal 54. A connection portion 52 is provided on the outer cylinder 30. The load cell 51 applies a load to the air spring 1 through the connection portion 52. The displacement gauge 53 is attached to the connection portion 52. The connection unit 52 is connected to a manometer (not shown) and an auxiliary air chamber (not shown). The auxiliary air chamber is in communication with the internal space 3 of the diaphragm 4. The volume of the auxiliary air chamber is 65 liters. An air having an internal pressure of 400 kPa is enclosed in the internal space 3 of the air spring 1.

  The outer cylinder 30 of the air spring 1 was vertically displaced, and the vertical load of the air spring 1 was measured. The internal pressure of the internal space 3 of the air spring 1 was adjusted to be constant regardless of the vertical displacement. Compressive displacement was measured using a displacement gauge. The compression displacement was changed every 10 mm from -10 mm to 40 mm. The compression displacement of -10 mm corresponds to the case where the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is about 50 mm. On the contrary, the compressive displacement of 40 mm corresponds to the case where the distance between the upper surface plate 31 and the lower surface plate 20 in the axial direction Y is about 0 mm.

  (Compression load test result)

  Next, the results of the compressive load test will be described. As shown in FIG. 14 and Table 1, in the case of the air spring of sample 5, the compression load in the vertical direction monotonously decreased as the compression displacement increased in the range of the compression displacement of −10 mm to 40 mm. . On the other hand, in the case of the air spring of sample 1, when the compression displacement is in the range of -10 mm or more and less than 0 mm, the compression load in the vertical direction is slightly reduced as the compression displacement increases. However, in the range of the compression displacement of 0 mm or more and less than 30 mm, the compressive load in the vertical direction increases as the compression displacement increases. In the range of the compression displacement of 30 mm or more and 40 mm or less, the compressive load in the vertical direction decreased as the compression displacement increased. In the case of the air spring of sample 2, the compressive load in the vertical direction decreased as the compressive displacement increased in the range of the compressive displacement of −10 mm or more and less than 10 mm. However, in the range of the compression displacement of 10 mm or more and less than 30 mm, the compressive load in the vertical direction increases as the compression displacement increases. In the range of the compression displacement of 30 mm or more and 40 mm or less, the compressive load in the vertical direction decreased as the compression displacement increased.

  In the case of the air spring of sample 3, the compression load in the vertical direction decreased as the compression displacement increased in the range of the compression displacement of −10 mm or more and less than 20 mm. However, in the range of the compression displacement of 20 mm or more and less than 30 mm, the compressive load in the vertical direction increases as the compression displacement increases. In the range of the compression displacement of 30 mm or more and 40 mm or less, the compressive load in the vertical direction decreased as the compression displacement increased. In the case of the air spring of sample 4, the compression load in the vertical direction monotonously decreased as the compression displacement increased in the range of the compression displacement of −10 mm or more and 40 mm or less. However, the compressive load in the case of the compression displacement of 40 mm in the case of the air spring of sample 4 was larger than that in the case of the air spring of sample 5 of 40 mm.

  From the above results, it is possible to realize soft spring characteristics in a small range of compression displacement and hard spring characteristics in a large range of compression displacement by providing the wraparound suppressing member 10 in the air spring 1. It was confirmed that I could do it.

(Sample preparation)
First, the air spring of sample 6 according to the example of the present invention and the air spring of sample 7 according to the comparative example were prepared. The air spring of the sample 6 has the lower surface plate 20 and the wraparound suppressing member 10 of the air spring according to the first embodiment. The air spring of the sample 7 has a usual rubber seat which does not suppress the wraparound of the diaphragm.

(Performance test method)
Next, the performance test method will be described. The air springs of samples 6 and 7 were mounted on the actual train. The air springs of samples 6 and 7 were mounted on cars 10 and 12 of the same train, respectively. The vehicle height (vertical displacement) and the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body were measured while actually running the train at high speed.

(Performance test results)
Next, test results of the vehicle height value (vertical displacement) and the vehicle body vertical acceleration will be described. As shown in FIG. 15, with regard to the vehicle body vertical acceleration, the air spring of sample 6 had the same performance as the air spring of sample 7. On the other hand, with regard to the vehicle height value (up and down displacement), the air spring of sample 6 showed improvement in drop compared to the air spring of sample 7. In particular, in the illustrated part A, the track is concave. In other words, this region has a topography in which the altitude rises after the altitude drops to show a local minimum value. When the train travels in this area, the vehicle height value when using the air spring of sample 7 becomes extremely low and falls below -30 mm. On the other hand, the vehicle height value when the air spring of sample 6 was used was higher than the vehicle height value when the air spring of sample 7 was used, and did not fall below -20 mm. That is, it was confirmed that the drop of the car body can be improved by using the air spring of sample 6. It has been confirmed that the improvement effect is remarkable when the train travels in a region where the track is concave.

  The embodiments and examples disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above description but by the scope of claims, and is intended to include meanings equivalent to the scope of claims and all modifications within the scope.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air spring 3 Internal space 4 Diaphragm 4a, 4b Arc part 5 Laminated rubber 7 Orifice 8 Connecting shaft 9 Sliding plate 10 Sliding member 10 Round member restraining member 11 2nd member 12 1st member 13 upper end surface 14 side end surface 14a 1st outer peripheral portion, vertical Part 14b Second outer peripheral part, inclined part 15, 23 lower end part 20 Lower surface plate 21 Protrusion part 21a Vertical part 21b Inclined part 21c Convex part 22 Body part 23 Side 23, 24 and 34 Side 25 Surface 30 Outer cylinder 31 Top plate 32 Outer periphery Part 32a, 32b Outer peripheral end 33 Outer cylinder rubber 50 Vertical load tester 51 Load cell 52 Connection part 53 Displacement gauge 54 Base 61 1st annular member 62 2nd annular member 71 1st tangent 72 2nd tangent 73 3rd tangent 74 Fourth tangent D1 first width (distance)
D2 second width D3 third width E direction H1 first distance H2 second distance H3 third distance O1, O2 center X diameter direction X
Y axis direction Y
θ1 first angle θ2 second angle θ3 third angle

Claims (23)

A top plate,
A lower plate facing the upper plate;
A diaphragm connecting the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate to form an internal space between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate;
And a wraparound restraining member,
The wrap-around restraining member is configured to be capable of restraining that the diaphragm is wrapped around the underside of the wrap-around restraining member when at least one of the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate move in a direction approaching each other. Spring.   The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the wraparound restraining member is provided on an outer periphery of the lower surface plate. The lower surface plate includes a protrusion extending radially from a side surface of the lower surface plate,
The air spring according to claim 2, wherein the wraparound prevention member is in contact with the protrusion. The wraparound restraining member is constituted by a first member and a second member supporting the first member,
The air spring according to claim 3, wherein the second member is in contact with the protrusion. The wraparound restraining member is composed of a first member,
The air spring according to claim 3, wherein the first member is in contact with the protrusion.   The air spring according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first member is made of a rubber material.   The air spring according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first member is made of a resin material.   The air spring according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first member is made of a metal material.   The air spring according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein a lower end portion of the wraparound restraining member is located axially lower than a lower end portion of the projecting portion. It further comprises a laminated rubber positioned on the side opposite to the upper surface plate with respect to the lower surface plate,
The air spring according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the projecting portion is provided between the laminated rubber and the wraparound suppressing member in a radial direction. The wraparound restraining member includes an upper end surface and a side end surface connected to the upper end surface,
The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the side end face has an inclined portion in which a radial width increases toward the lower side in the axial direction. The side end face further includes a vertical portion extending in a direction parallel to the axial direction,
The air spring according to claim 11, wherein the vertical portion is continuous with the inclined portion at an axially lower side.   The air spring according to claim 12, wherein an angle formed by the vertical portion and the inclined portion is 140 degrees or more and 175 degrees or less.   The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a connecting shaft configured to be in communication with the internal space. A top plate,
A lower plate facing the upper plate;
A diaphragm connecting the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate to form an internal space between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate;
And a wrap-around restraining member provided on the outer periphery of the lower surface plate,
When the axial distance between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate is a first distance on the surface of the wraparound restraining member, it is separated from the diaphragm, and the axial direction between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate An air spring having a portion in contact with the diaphragm if the second distance is smaller than the first distance. A top plate,
A lower plate facing the upper plate;
A diaphragm connecting the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate to form an internal space between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate;
And a wrap-around restraining member provided on the outer periphery of the lower surface plate,
An air spring configured to reduce or increase a reduction rate of an effective pressure receiving area with respect to an interval after an axial interval between the upper surface plate and the lower surface plate reaches a predetermined deformation compression amount. A wrap-around restraining member for restraining wrap around of a diaphragm of an air spring, wherein
A first annular member,
And a second annular member axially adjacent to the first annular member,
The first annular member has a first outer peripheral portion whose radial width increases in a direction from the first annular member toward the second annular member,
The second annular member has a second outer peripheral portion whose width in the radial direction increases as it goes from the first annular member toward the second annular member, and continues to the first outer peripheral portion.
In a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction and the radial direction, the inclination of the tangent of the second outer peripheral portion with respect to the axial direction is larger than the inclination of the tangent of the first outer peripheral portion with respect to the axial direction. .   The wraparound restraining member according to claim 17, wherein each of the first outer peripheral portion and the second outer peripheral portion is linear in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction and the radial direction.   The wraparound restraining member according to claim 17, wherein each of the first outer peripheral portion and the second outer peripheral portion has a curved shape in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction and the radial direction. A wrap-around restraining member for restraining wrap around of a diaphragm of an air spring, wherein
A first annular member,
And a second annular member axially adjacent to the first annular member,
The first annular member has a first outer circumferential portion whose radial width decreases in a direction from the first annular member toward the second annular member,
The second annular member has a second outer peripheral portion whose width in the radial direction increases in a direction from the first annular member toward the second annular member, and has a second outer peripheral portion connected to the first outer peripheral portion. Element.   21. The wraparound restraining member according to claim 20, wherein each of the first outer peripheral portion and the second outer peripheral portion is linear in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction and the radial direction.   21. The wraparound restraining member according to claim 20, wherein each of the first outer peripheral portion and the second outer peripheral portion has a curved shape in a cross section parallel to each of the axial direction and the radial direction. A wrap-around restraining member for restraining wrap around of a diaphragm of an air spring, wherein
A first annular member,
And a second annular member axially adjacent to the first annular member,
The first annular member has a first outer peripheral portion parallel to the axial direction,
The second annular member has a radial width that increases in a direction from the first annular member toward the second annular member, and has a second outer peripheral portion connected to the first outer peripheral portion. .

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